La ley de Finlandia se basa en la tradición del derecho civil , que consiste principalmente en leyes estatutarias promulgadas por el Parlamento de Finlandia . La constitución de Finlandia , aprobada originalmente en 1919 y reescrita en 2000, tiene la autoridad suprema y establece los procedimientos más importantes para promulgar y aplicar la legislación. Al igual que en los sistemas de derecho civil en general, las decisiones judiciales no son generalmente autorizadas y hay poca ley hecha por jueces . Las decisiones de la Corte Suprema pueden citarse, pero en realidad no son vinculantes.
Como miembro de la Unión Europea , la legislación de la Unión Europea está en vigor en Finlandia, y Finlandia implementa las directivas de la UE en su legislación nacional. El Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea es la máxima autoridad en asuntos de competencia de la Unión Europea.
Como en Suecia, el derecho administrativo es interpretado por un sistema judicial administrativo separado . Además de la ley propiamente dicha, es decir, los actos del parlamento ( laki ), las regulaciones gubernamentales permanentes ( asetus ) forman un importante cuerpo de leyes. Pueden aclarar y orientar la implementación, pero no contradecir un acto.
History
Finnish law and legal traditions are based on Swedish law and in a wider sense, on the Scandinavian and German legal tradition, a subset of Roman law. The oldest law still practiced is Olaus Petri's instructions for judges from 1530, although as instructions they are not binding. The oldest act still in force, in part, is the Swedish Civil Code of 1734. Books of Court Procedure (oikeudenkäymiskaari), Trade (kauppakaari) and Construction (rakennuskaari) formally remain in force; many of these acts have been overturned in Sweden. However, in practice, these have been slowly eroded over the centuries, and many parts are no longer enforced, e.g. references to fines denominated in the ancient currency of Swedish riksdaler.[1][2]
Due to transfer of sovereignty to Russia, a divergence from Swedish tradition begins from 1809. Important codifications were made during Imperial Russian sovereignty, e.g. the Criminal Code was promulgated by Czar Alexander III in 1889.[3] There was a Finnish parliament, the Diet of Finland, convened in 1809 and dissolved in 1906. The Diet was actually active only from 1863; in 1809-1863 the country was governed by administrative means only. Towards the end of the 19th century, the Imperial Russian government began restricting Finnish autonomy, and often refused to give Royal Assent. The Diet was replaced by the modern Parliament of Finland (eduskunta) in 1906. After independence in 1917, the Constitution of Finland was promulgated in 1919. The constitution received numerous amendments, scattered over multiple different acts, over the 20th century. In 2000, a rewritten, uniform version was promulgated to replace them.
Enacting laws
Acts of Parliament form the main body of the law. In the typical procedure, the Finnish Government proposes a bill to the Parliament of Finland. When the act is amended and approved by the Parliament, the act is submitted to the President of Finland for presidential assent. Once the President signs the act, it becomes law. The President can exercise a right of veto, but the veto can be overridden by the Parliament with a simple majority.
Decrees are based on an authorization for delegation stipulated in an act of parliament. Decrees can be issued by the Finnish Government, President of Finland and individual ministries. They are enacted by the President in session with the Government (presidentin esittely).
The European Union can issue both Regulations, which immediately become law in the member states, and Directives, which are implemented as Acts of Parliament by the Parliament of Finland.
Publication of laws
Finland does not have a single unified civil code, unlike e.g. France or Germany. All laws are published in the official journal Suomen säädöskokoelma (the Statutes of Finland) when promulgated. Most law is available from the online Finlex database, published by Edita Publishing Oy, and in a two-volume book set Suomen laki, published by Talentum Media. These collections are however not exhaustive.
See also
References
- Sarvilinna, Sami. In Winterton and Moys (eds). Information Sources in Law. Second Edition. Bowker-Saur. 1997. Chapter Ten: Finland. Pages 163 to 176.
- ^ Oy, Edita Publishing. "FINLEX ® - Ajantasainen lainsäädäntö: 1734". www.finlex.fi.
- ^ https://www.eduskunta.fi/FI/tietoaeduskunnasta/kirjasto/aineistot/kotimainen_oikeus/Documents/Lakikirja250-1734.pdf
- ^ Oy, Edita Publishing. "FINLEX ® - Ajantasainen lainsäädäntö: Rikoslaki 39/1889". www.finlex.fi.
External links
- Guide to Law Online - Finland from the Library of Congress.
- Finlex database - official translations of statutes and ordinances on Finlex