Lista de megaproyectos

Este artículo tiene varios problemas. Ayude a mejorarlo o discuta estos problemas en la página de discusión . ( Obtenga información sobre cómo y cuándo eliminar estos mensajes de plantilla )

Este artículo posiblemente contenga una investigación original . Por favor, mejorarlo mediante la verificación de las afirmaciones hechas y la adición de citas en línea . Deben eliminarse las declaraciones que solo contengan investigaciones originales. ( Septiembre de 2015 ) ( Obtenga información sobre cómo y cuándo eliminar este mensaje de plantilla )

Este artículo o sección parece estar inclinado hacia eventos recientes . Intente mantener los eventos recientes en perspectiva histórica y agregue más contenido relacionado con eventos no recientes. ( Marzo de 2015 ) ( Obtenga información sobre cómo y cuándo eliminar este mensaje de plantilla )

Esta lista (que puede tener fechas, números, etc.) puede ser mejor en un formato de tabla ordenable . Ayude a mejorar esta lista o discútala en la página de discusión . ( Diciembre de 2015 )

( Aprenda cómo y cuándo eliminar este mensaje de plantilla )

Esta es una lista de megaproyectos , que pueden definirse como:

Proyectos que cuestan más de mil millones de dólares y atraen una gran cantidad de atención pública debido a impactos sustanciales en las comunidades , el medio ambiente natural y construido y los presupuestos .
Proyectos que son "iniciativas físicas, muy caras y públicas". ^[1]

Algunos ejemplos incluyen puentes, túneles, carreteras, ferrocarriles, aeropuertos, puertos marítimos, plantas de energía, presas, proyectos de aguas residuales, Zonas Económicas Especiales (ZEE), proyectos de extracción de petróleo y gas natural, edificios públicos, sistemas de tecnología de la información, proyectos aeroespaciales y sistemas de armas. . Esta lista identifica una amplia variedad de ejemplos de importantes proyectos históricos y contemporáneos que cumplen con uno o ambos criterios de megaproyectos identificados anteriormente.

Leyenda [ editar ]

Términos utilizados en la columna de estado	Color de estado
Propuesto
En planificación, Aprobado, En desarrollo / En construcción, En construcción, Reconstrucción en progreso, Casi completo
En espera
Abandonado, cancelado
Terminado

Proyectos aeroespaciales [ editar ]

Boeing 787

Airbus A380 , un avión de pasajeros de dos pisos , de fuselaje ancho y cuatro motores fabricado por Airbus .
Antonov An-225 es el avión más largo y pesado en servicio. Solo se completó una unidad.
Boeing B-29 Superfortress , el primer bombardero nuclear, que costó un 50% más que el desarrollo de las bombas en el Proyecto Manhattan .
Boeing B-52 Stratofortress , con seis décadas de servicio como bombardero nuclear estratégico, es uno de los aviones militares más grandes jamás construidos. Todos los demás bombarderos producidos en los Estados Unidos después del B-52 han sido megaproyectos; sin embargo, no ha sido reemplazado ni lo será en un futuro previsible.
Proyectos de aviones supersónicos Boeing 2707 y Lockheed L-2000 , iniciados en 1963 a través de una competencia financiada por el gobierno de los Estados Unidos para construir el primer Transporte Supersónico (SST) de los Estados Unidos, prototipos nunca construidos, finalmente cancelados debido a razones políticas, ambientales y económicas en 1971 .
Boeing 747 , un avión comercial de fuselaje ancho producido por primera vez en 1970, a menudo denominado con el sobrenombre de Jumbo Jet , ^[2]^{[3] se} encuentra entre los aviones más reconocibles del mundo con usos para el transporte de pasajeros de larga distancia, carga, el presidente de EE. UU. avión lanzadera oficial , y como Aeronave Shuttle Carrier de la NASA .
El Boeing 787 , fabricado en los Estados Unidos con piezas de origen local y mundial, es el primer avión importante fabricado en gran parte con materiales compuestos . ^[4]
Concorde , un avión de pasajeros supersónico, producto de un tratado del gobierno anglo-francés que combinó los esfuerzos de fabricación de Aérospatiale y la British Aircraft Corporation , voló por primera vez en 1969, Concorde entró en servicio en 1976 y continuó con los vuelos comerciales durante veintisiete años.
Convair B-58 Hustler , un bombardero supersónico de gran altitud para todo clima con un ala delta fija y 4 motores. El Hustler estuvo operativo desde 1960 hasta 1970 en el Comando Aéreo Estratégico de la Fuerza Aérea de los EE . UU. Para el despliegue de hasta 5 armas nucleares de gravedad.
El Lockheed C-5 Galaxy fue el avión más grande y pesado de cualquier tipo durante más de una década (1970 a 1982). Este avión de carga militar tiene la dudosa distinción de ser el primer programa de desarrollo con un sobrecosto de miles de millones de dólares. ^[5]^[6]
F-22 Raptor , un caza bimotor de quinta generación de un solo asiento fabricado por Lockheed Martin que utiliza tecnología sigilosa .
F-35 Lightning II , un avión de combate multiusos sigiloso de un solo asiento, un solo motor, para todo clima , que está destinado a realizar misiones de superioridad aérea y de ataque .
Sukhoi Su-57 / HAL FGFA , dos variantes de cazas furtivos de quinta generación desarrollados conjuntamente por Sukhoi y Hindustan Aeronautics Limited para las Fuerzas Aéreas de Rusia e India como un esfuerzo combinado de Rusia e India .
Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit , también conocido como Stealth Bomber , un bombardero pesado estadounidense con un sigilo "poco observable" . El costo total del programa, incluidos el desarrollo, la ingeniería y las pruebas, promedió 2.100 millones de dólares por avión en 1997. ^[7]
Satélite de reconocimiento KH-11 , fabricado por Lockheed Corporation y lanzado entre 1976 y 1990.
Rockwell B-1 Lancer , un bombardero supersónico con un ala de barrido variable construido en la década de 1980 como bombardero estratégico. Desde entonces, ha adquirido capacidades convencionales y multifunción.
Tupolev Tu-144 , el primer avión de transporte supersónico, fabricado por la compañía de aviones rusa Tupolev , voló por primera vez el 31 de diciembre de 1968 y entró en servicio el 26 de diciembre de 1975.
Tupolev Tu-160 , el avión de combate más grande y pesado del mundo, el avión supersónico más grande del mundo y el avión de barrido variable más grande jamás construido. (La norteamericana XB-70 Valkyrie tenía un mayor peso en vacío y una velocidad máxima, pero nunca entró en producción).

Limpieza de desastres [ editar ]

Construcción de la nueva estructura de confinamiento del reactor nuclear que se derritió en Chernobyl en Ucrania .

Las bolsas de desechos aceitosos se apilan durante la limpieza del derrame de petróleo del Exxon Valdez en 1989.

Si bien la mayoría de los megaproyectos se planifican y emprenden con una cuidadosa previsión, algunos se emprenden por necesidad después de que ocurre un desastre natural . También ha habido algunos desastres provocados por el hombre .

El nuevo confinamiento seguro de Chernobyl se construyó para encerrar el reactor número 4 que fue destruido en el desastre de Chernobyl de 1986 (completado en el verano de 2019 ^[8]^[9] )
La limpieza del desastre de Fukushima está en curso e incluye la eliminación del combustible nuclear gastado almacenado en el sitio del desastre nuclear de Fukushima Daiichi de 2011 .
La limpieza de la plataforma Deepwater Horizon derrame de petróleo , Exxon Valdez derrame de petróleo , y AZF explosión de la fábrica química eran megaproyectos ^{[ cita requerida ]} .
Muchos huracanes y tifones han causado grandes daños y requirieron grandes esfuerzos de limpieza, el mayor de los cuales incluyó proyectos dirigidos a la infraestructura dañada. La lista de los huracanes atlánticos más costosos cubre los de la región atlántica, incluido el huracán Katrina de 2005.
Muchos terremotos (y tsunamis resultantes ) han causado suficientes daños a la infraestructura que se llevaron a cabo enormes proyectos. El terremoto de Northridge en 1994 , el terremoto y el tsunami del Océano Índico de 2004 , y el terremoto y tsunami de Tohoku de 2011 son algunos de los eventos más notorios y recientes que llevaron a un megaproyecto.
Las inundaciones son la causa de muchos desastres. Algunos han causado suficientes daños que se utilizarían para recuperarlos con un megaproyecto. La gran inundación de Mississippi de 1927 y las inundaciones del río Mississippi de 2011 son ejemplos.
La limpieza y recuperación de la erupción del monte St. Helens en 1980 en el estado rural de Washington fue de proporciones de megaproyecto. ^{[ cita requerida ]}
El esfuerzo de rescate y recuperación después de los ataques del 11 de septiembre en el World Trade Center .
Fue necesaria una restauración importante después de la destrucción causada por la Primera y la Segunda Guerra Mundial , parte de la cual fue pagada por las reparaciones alemanas por la Primera y la Segunda Guerra Mundial .

Proyectos energéticos [ editar ]

Boundary Dam Power Station , la primera planta de captura y almacenamiento de carbón a gran escala del mundo . ^[10]
Olkiluoto 3 , una planta de energía nuclear en Eurajoki, Finlandia, se planea completar en 2021. ^[11]
El Proyecto Kemper , o Kemper County Energy Facility, es el primer intento de construcción del mundo de una planta de ciclo combinado de gasificación integrada con captura y secuestro de carbono . ^[12] Sin embargo, después de importantes retrasos y sobrecostos, el proceso de gasificación está actualmente suspendido y la planta de energía funciona solo con gas natural regular.
La central eléctrica de Gas Natural de Panamá es un proyecto con una inversión de 1,150 millones de dólares ubicada en la provincia de Colón. También está destinado a ser un puerto para el suministro de Gas Natural a otros países de Centroamérica. ^[13]
Tres Amigas SuperStation , una interconexión para conectar la Interconexión Este con la Interconexión Oeste y la Interconexión de Texas , que conectará efectivamente casi todas las redes eléctricas de Norteamérica.
Presa de las Tres Gargantas , la instalación hidroeléctrica más grande del mundo.
Virgil C. Summer Nuclear Generating Station , fue un proyecto para construir algunas de las primeras unidades nucleares nuevas en los Estados Unidos en más de 30 años, en una planta de energía nuclear existente en Jenkinsville, Carolina del Sur. El proyecto se canceló y todo el trabajo se detuvo en julio de 2017. ^[14]
Vogtle Electric Generating Plant , es un proyecto para construir dos nuevas unidades nucleares en una planta de energía nuclear existente en Waynesboro, Georgia.
Australia-ASEAN Power Link, un proyecto de infraestructura eléctrica propuesto que está planificado para incluir la planta solar más grande del mundo, la batería más grande del mundo y el cable de alimentación submarino más largo del mundo. Las estimaciones actuales sitúan los costos de construcción en 16 mil millones de dólares australianos. ^{[ cita requerida ]}

Las centrales fotovoltaicas más grandes del mundo
Nombre	Capacidad ( MW )	Localización	año completado
Parque Solar Bhadla	2,245	Rajastán , India	2020 ^[15]^[16]^[17]
Parque Solar Pavagada	2,245	Karnataka , India	2019 ^[18]^[19]
Parque Solar del Desierto de Tengger	1,547	Ningxia , China	2016 ^[20]^[21]
Parque Solar Benban	1500	Egipto	2019
Noor Abu Dabi	1,177	Emiratos Árabes Unidos	2019 ^[22]

Las mayores centrales termosolares operativas
Nombre	Capacidad ( MW )	Localización	Notas
Parque solar Quaid-e-Azam	1000	Bahawalpur , Pakistán	Fase-1 de 100 MW en operación desde 2015. otros en construcción.
Planta de energía solar de Ivanpah	392	Desierto de Mojave , California , EE. UU.	En funcionamiento desde febrero de 2014. Ubicado al suroeste de Las Vegas .
Sistemas de generación de energía solar	354	Desierto de Mojave , California , EE. UU.	Encargado entre 1984 y 1991. Colección de 9 unidades.
Proyecto Solar Mojave	280	Barstow, California , Estados Unidos	Completado en diciembre de 2014
Estación Generadora Solana	280	Gila Bend, Arizona , Estados Unidos	Finalizado en octubre de 2013 Incluye un almacenamiento de energía térmica de 6 horas
Proyecto Genesis Solar Energy	250	Blythe, California , Estados Unidos	Completado en abril de 2014

Proyectos científicos [ editar ]

Detector CMS para LHC

Atacama Large Millimeter Array
Programa Copernicus , proyecto de satélite europeo de 8.400 millones de euros para observaciones terrestres globales, totales y permanentes.
Vacuna para el COVID-19
Experimento de neutrinos subterráneos profundos (en funcionamiento) Instalación de neutrinos de línea de base larga
Envisat , un satélite de observación de la Tierra de la Agencia Espacial Europea (2002-2012)
Fuente de espalación europea , la fuente de espalación más fuerte hasta ahora para el desarrollo de investigación de materiales nuevos y avanzados.
Láser europeo de electrones libres de rayos X , utilizado para la investigación de materiales (desde 2017).
Extreme Light Infrastructure , centros europeos para los láseres más intensos (en construcción)
Extremely Large Telescope , el telescopio óptico a infrarrojo medio más grande del mundo (en construcción)
Centro para la investigación de antiprotones e iones , en Alemania (2012–) ^[23]
Telescopio esférico de apertura de quinientos metros (FAST), el radiotelescopio estático / semiestático más grande del mundo que mide 500 metros de ancho y se encuentra en la provincia de Guizhou , República Popular de China .
Telescopio gigante de Magallanes , un gran telescopio óptico e infrarrojo cercano terrestre (en construcción)
Proyecto Genoma Humano , investigación para determinar la secuencia genética humana (1990-2003) - costó $ 14.5 mil millones, pero generó una producción de $ 965 mil millones, ingresos personales superiores a $ 293 mil millones y más de 4,3 millones de años-trabajo de empleo. ^[24]
Observatorio de neutrinos con sede en India (en construcción)
ITER , Proyecto internacional de fusión nuclear , en Francia (en construcción) a un costo de $ 20 mil millones.
Gran Colisionador de Hadrones , un acelerador de partículas CERN de 13 TeV , en Suiza y Francia (2000-en curso) ^[25]
Advanced LIGO , un experimento de física a gran escala y un observatorio para medir ondas gravitacionales , con un costo total de más de mil millones de dólares. ^[26]
Proyecto Manhattan , en los Estados Unidos (1945) - 30 mil millones en dólares de 2012 ^[27]
Materials Genome Initiative , una asociación de fabricación avanzada ^[28]
MYRRHA , prototipo de un sistema impulsado por acelerador para transmutar desechos nucleares .
National Ignition Facility , proyecto de fusión nuclear de los Estados Unidos (1997-en curso)
Observatorios cableados de Ocean Networks Canada . Los observatorios submarinos más grandes, que brindan acceso las 24 horas del día, los 7 días de la semana a cientos de instrumentos en el Océano Pacífico y el Mar Salish (2005–)
Matriz de kilómetros cuadrados en Sudáfrica (planificado)
Superconductor Super Collider , acelerador de partículas de 40 TeV cancelado en Texas (1991-1993)
Acelerador de partículas Tevatron 1 TeV, en los Estados Unidos (1983-2011)
Telescopio de treinta metros , un gran telescopio óptico e infrarrojo cercano (en construcción)
Very Large Array , un observatorio de radioastronomía en los EE. UU.
Wendelstein 7-X , un estelarizador experimental (reactor de fusión nuclear) en Greifswald, Alemania.

Nave espacial [ editar ]

Telescopio avanzado para astrofísica de alta energía , un telescopio de rayos X planificado que está desarrollando la ESA y que se lanzará en 2028.
Cassini – Huygens , una misión conjunta de la nave espacial NASA / ESA / ASI que estudia el planeta Saturno y sus numerosos satélites naturales desde 2004. El costo total de este proyecto es de aproximadamente $ 3,26 mil millones. ^[29]
Programa Chandrayaan , un programa de exploración lunar de ISRO de la India .
Chang'e 1 a Chang'e 6 , una serie de naves espaciales de exploración lunar enviadas por la República Popular China para su programa de exploración lunar, equipadas con módulos de aterrizaje, orbitadores y rover. Por primera vez en la historia, explorará el "lado oscuro" de la Luna.
Sistema de navegación Compass , un sistema independiente de navegación por satélite de la República Popular de China (Est. 2015-2017)
Europa Clipper , una misión interplanetaria en desarrollo por la NASA para estudiar la luna Europa de Júpiter . (2022–)
Nave espacial Gaia , una misión de la ESA para crear un mapa en 3D de la Vía Láctea local. ($ 1 mil millones,^[30] desde 2013)
Galileo Navigation Satellite System , un sistema mundial de navegación por satélite de la Unión Europea y la Agencia Espacial Europea , 5000 millones EUR ^[31] (desde 2016)
Nave espacial Galileo , una misión a Júpiter (1989-2003) ($ 1.5 mil millones en 2003.^[32]^[33] )
Global Positioning System , un sistema global de navegación por satélite creado por el Departamento de Defensa de los Estados Unidos , $ 21,7 mil millones o más ^[34] (desde 1973)
GLONASS , el sistema mundial de navegación por satélite ruso (desde 1982)
Observatorio espacial Herschel , observatorio espacial de la ESA sensible al infrarrojo lejano y bandas submilimétricas (1100 millones de euros ^[35] )
Telescopio espacial Hubble , un telescopio óptico que orbita en órbita terrestre baja, $ 10 mil millones (1978–)
Estación Espacial Internacional , estación espacial multinacional en órbita terrestre baja (1998–), 150.000 millones en dólares de 2010 ^[36]
Telescopio espacial James Webb (en construcción, costó $ 8.8 mil millones en 2013 ^[37] )
Nave espacial Juno , una misión New Frontiers de la NASA al planeta Júpiter (2011–)
Jupiter Icy Moon Explorer , una misión planificada a Júpiter (Est.2022)
Antena espacial de interferómetro láser , una misión de clase L3 de la ESA diseñada para detectar y medir con precisión ondas gravitacionales .
Lunokhod ("Moonwalker"), fue una serie de rovers lunares robóticos soviéticos diseñados para aterrizar en la Luna entre 1969 y 1977. Lunokhod 1 fue el primer robot itinerante a control remoto que aterrizó en otro mundo.
El programa de Marte fue una serie de naves espaciales no tripuladas lanzadas por la Unión Soviética entre 1960 y 1973. Las naves espaciales estaban destinadas a explorar Marte e incluían sondas de sobrevuelo, módulos de aterrizaje y orbitadores.
Mars Science Laboratory (con el rover Curiosity ), 2.500 millones de dólares ^[38]
Mars 2020 , una misión de exploración de Marte del Programa de Exploración de Marte de la NASA, lanzada el 30 de julio de 2020.
Mir , estación espacial rusa en órbita terrestre baja (1986-2001).
Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope , un telescopio espacial infrarrojo de campo amplio planificado por la NASA.
NAVIC , el equivalente indio del GPS desarrollado por ISRO .
Nave espacial Orion , una nave espacial planificada que Lockheed Martin está construyendo para la NASA.
Nave espacial Planck , una misión de la ESA para medir el fondo cósmico de microondas .
Las sondas espaciales de la serie Venera (Venus) fueron desarrolladas por la Unión Soviética entre 1961 y 1984 para recopilar datos de Venus. Venera 7 se convirtió en la primera nave espacial en aterrizar en Venus y la primera en transmitir datos desde allí a la Tierra.
Sutherland Spaceport , un puerto espacial planificado en el norte de Escocia

Otros proyectos de vuelos espaciales [ editar ]

Espectrómetro magnético alfa , un módulo de experimento de física de partículas de 2.000 millones de dólares que está montado en la Estación Espacial Internacional desde 2011 ^[39]
El programa Apolo (1960-1975), como pieza central del Programa Espacial de EE. UU., Culminó en misiones exploratorias tripuladas a la Luna , 203.400 millones de dólares en dólares de 2015 ^[40]
Ariane , una familia de vehículos de lanzamiento europeos; el desarrollo más reciente es Ariane 6
Avatar RLV , versión india del transbordador espacial , desarrollado por DRDO e ISRO .
El cosmódromo de Baikonur es la primera y más grande instalación de lanzamiento espacial operativo del mundo. Fue construido originalmente por la Unión Soviética a fines de la década de 1950 como base de operaciones del programa espacial soviético.
Programa Buran , versión soviética cancelada del transbordador espacial (1980-1993)
Programa de constelaciones , reemplazo planeado de la nave espacial de aterrizaje lunar y del transbordador espacial cancelados, parte vive como futuro vehículo de escape de la tripulación para ISS (2005-2010)
Infraestructura de transporte SpaceX Mars , un sistema de vuelos espaciales con financiación privada capaz de permitir asentamientos humanos en Marte (2016–)
Kennedy Space Center , el principal puerto espacial para los vuelos espaciales tripulados de Estados Unidos, ubicado en Cabo Cañaveral , Florida.
Programa Shenzhou , programa chino de vuelos espaciales tripulados (desde 1992)
Programa Soyuz , programa de vuelos espaciales tripulados soviético / ruso (desde 1966)
Moonshot soviético , programa de aterrizaje en la Luna cancelado (1962-1969)
Space Launch System , un vehículo de lanzamiento prescindible pesado derivado del transbordador espacial estadounidense (2011–)
Programa de transbordadores espaciales (1972-2011), orbitadores terrestres bajos diseñados como buques de carga tripulados que podrían reutilizarse después de cada vuelo espacial y aterrizar como un planeador, $ 203,6 mil millones en dólares de 2015 ^[41]
El cosmódromo de Vostochny ("puerto espacial del este") es un puerto espacial ruso en el paralelo 51 norte en el óblast de Amur, en el Lejano Oriente ruso.
Programa Vostok , programa soviético para poner al primer hombre en el espacio (1959-1963)

Proyectos deportivos y culturales [ editar ]

Esta sección necesita expansión . Puede ayudar agregando más . ( Abril de 2020 )

Todos los Juegos Olímpicos y Copas Mundiales de la FIFA de la última parte del siglo XX y la entrada al siglo XXI han costado más de mil millones de dólares en estadios, hoteles, etc., por lo general varios miles de millones.

Juegos Olímpicos [ editar ]

Ver Costo de los Juegos Olímpicos —Nota: Algunos valores aquí no se muestran en la otra lista debido a la investigación, que necesita verificación. Los costos enumerados aquí se convirtieron a dólares estadounidenses en el momento de los juegos.

Major League Baseball (MLB) [ editar ]

Megaproyectos de MLB
Proyecto	Estado de la Ciudad	Estado	Costo	Notas
Campo de vida del globo	Arlington , Texas	Terminado	$ 1,100,000,000	Este estadio de techo retráctil se inauguró en 2020 como el nuevo hogar de los Texas Rangers . ^[42]
estadio Yankee	Nueva York ( Bronx ), Nueva York	Terminado	$ 2,309,000,000 ($ 2,75 mil millones en dólares de 2019 ^[43] )	Este estadio al aire libre se inauguró en 2009 como reemplazo del Yankee Stadium original de los Yankees de Nueva York . ^[44] Desde entonces se ha convertido en el hogar de un equipo de la Major League Soccer , el New York City FC .

Asociación Nacional de Baloncesto (NBA) [ editar ]

Megaproyectos de la NBA
Proyecto	Estado de la Ciudad	Estado	Costo	Notas
Barclays Center	Brooklyn , Nueva York	Terminado	$ 1,000,000,000 ($ 1,11 mil millones en dólares de 2019 ^[43] )	Inaugurado en 2012 como el nuevo hogar de los Brooklyn Nets . También sirvió como hogar a tiempo completo o parcial de los habitantes de Nueva York de la NHL de 2015 a 2020. ^[45]

Liga Nacional de Fútbol Americano (NFL) [ editar ]

Megaproyectos de la NFL
Proyecto	Estado de la Ciudad	Estado	Costo	Notas
Estadio Allegiant	Paraíso , nevada	Terminado	$ 1,900,000,000	Este estadio abovedado se inauguró en 2020 como hogar de los Raiders de Las Vegas , así como de un equipo universitario local , los UNLV Rebels . ^[46]
Estadio AT&T	Arlington , Texas	Terminado	$ 1,300,000,000 ($ 1,550 millones en dólares de 2019 ^[43] )	Un estadio con techo retráctil que se inauguró en 2009 como el nuevo hogar de los Dallas Cowboys . También alberga otros eventos importantes, en particular el Big 12 Championship Game y el Cotton Bowl Classic en el fútbol universitario. ^[47]
Estadio de Levi	Santa Clara , California	Terminado	$ 1,300,000,000 ($ 1,4 mil millones en dólares de 2019 ^[43] )	Un estadio al aire libre que se inauguró en 2014 como el nuevo hogar de los 49ers de San Francisco . ^[48]
Estadio Mercedes-Benz	Atlanta , Georgia	Terminado	$ 1,600,000,000 ($ 1,67 mil millones en dólares de 2019 ^[43] )	Un estadio con techo retráctil que se inauguró en 2017 como el nuevo hogar de los Atlanta Falcons , así como del Atlanta United FC de la Major League Soccer .
Estadio MetLife	East Rutherford , Nueva Jersey	Terminado	$ 1,600,000,000 ($ 1,88 mil millones en dólares de 2019 ^[43] )	Un estadio al aire libre que se inauguró en 2011 como el nuevo hogar de dos equipos de la NFL, los New York Giants y New York Jets .
Estadio SoFi	Inglewood , California	Terminado	$ 4,900,000,000	Este estadio abovedado se inauguró en 2020 como hogar de dos equipos de la NFL, Los Angeles Rams (que son dueños del estadio) y Los Angeles Chargers . ^[49]
Estadio US Bank	Minneapolis , Minnesota	Terminado	$ 1,061,000,000 ($ 1,13 mil millones en dólares de 2019 ^[43] )	Un estadio abovedado que se inauguró en 2016 como el nuevo hogar de los Minnesota Vikings . ^[50]

Liga Nacional de Hockey (NHL) [ editar ]

Megaproyectos de la NHL
Proyecto	Estado de la Ciudad	Estado	Costo	Notas
UBS Arena	Elmont , condado de Nassau , Nueva York	Bajo construcción	$ 1,000,000,000	La construcción de esta nueva arena comenzó en 2019 y se espera que esté terminada en algún momento de 2021. Esta nueva arena de usos múltiples está siendo diseñada para albergar 18,000 asientos para albergar los juegos en casa de los New York Islanders . ^[51] Esta nueva arena también incluirá otras funciones de usos múltiples.

Megaproyectos chinos [ editar ]

Megaproyectos chinos
Proyecto	Ciudad, provincia	Estado	Costo (moneda local)	Costo (USD)	Notas
Estadio de fútbol Guangzhou Evergrande	Guangzhou , Guangdong	Bajo construcción	12.000.000.000 yenes	$ 1,700,000,000	La construcción de este estadio de fútbol (soccer) con capacidad para 100.000 asientos, la futura sede del Guangzhou FC de la Superliga china , comenzó en abril de 2020 y está programado para completarse en 2022. ^[52]

Megaproyectos del Reino Unido [ editar ]

Megaproyectos del Reino Unido
Proyecto	Ciudad	Estado	Costo (moneda local)	Costo (USD)	Notas
Estadio Tottenham Hotspur	Londres , inglaterra	Terminado	850 000 000 £	$ 1,120,000,000 ^[a]	Inaugurado en 2019 como el nuevo hogar del Tottenham Hotspur FC También diseñado para albergar partidos de fútbol americano en la Serie Internacional de la NFL . ^[53]
Estadio de wembley	Londres , inglaterra	Terminado	£ 798,000,000 (£ 1.12 mil millones en 2019 libras esterlinas ^[54] )	$ 1,564,000,000 ^[b]	Inaugurado en 2007 como el nuevo hogar de la selección de fútbol de Inglaterra ; también diseñado para albergar muchos otros grandes eventos. ^[55]

^ Basado en una tasa de conversión de $ 1.32 por libra en la fecha de apertura del estadio del 3 de abril de 2019; redondeado al $ 1 millón más cercano.
^ Basado en una tasa de conversión de $ 1,96 por libra en la fecha de apertura del estadio del 9 de marzo de 2007; redondeado al $ 1 millón más cercano.

Infraestructura de carreteras y transporte [ editar ]

Los sistemas de transporte terrestre como carreteras, túneles, puentes, terminales, ferrocarriles y sistemas de transporte público son a menudo megaproyectos. Numerosos aeropuertos y terminales grandes utilizados para el transporte aéreo de pasajeros y carga se construyen como megaproyectos.

África [ editar ]

África occidental [ editar ]

Unión Africana

Gran Muralla Verde del Sahara

El tercer puente continental es actualmente el más largo de los tres puentes que conectan la isla de Lagos con el continente .

Nigeria [ editar ]

Proyecto	Estado de la Ciudad	Estado	Costo	Notas
Tren ligero de Abuja	Abuja , FCT	Bajo construcción	$ 2,650,000,000	El proyecto de tren ligero de Abuja es un sistema de transporte de tren ligero que está en marcha en Abuja en el Territorio de la Capital Federal . La primera fase del proyecto conecta el centro de la ciudad con el Aeropuerto Internacional Nnamdi Azikiwe , deteniéndose en la estación de ferrocarril de vía estándar Lagos-Kano en Idu . Las primeras 12 estaciones se abrieron en julio de 2018. ^[56] La primera fase del proyecto costó $ 824 millones, ^[57] mientras que la segunda fase costará $ 1,79 mil millones. ^[58]
Cuarto puente continental	Ikorodu a Lekki , Estado de Lagos	En desarrollo	$ 4,200,000,000	El cuarto puente continental se unirá a otros tres puentes que conectarán la isla de Lagos con el continente. El puente y la autopista de 38 km se convertirán en el puente y la autopista más largos del mundo cuando estén terminados. ^[59]
Ferrocarril Lagos-Calabar	De Lagos , Lagos a Calabar , Cross River	En desarrollo	$ 11,920,000,000	El ferrocarril Lagos-Calabar es un ferrocarril de ancho estándar planificado que se extenderá desde Lagos hasta Calabar . Se espera que la primera fase del proyecto (Calabar-Port Harcourt) se complete en 2018. La longitud total del ferrocarril será de 1.402 kilómetros. ^[60]^{[ necesita actualización ]}
Ferrocarril de vía estándar Lagos-Kano	De Lagos , Lagos a Kano , Estado de Kano	Bajo construcción	$ 8,300,000,000	El ferrocarril de vía estándar Lagos-Kano es un ferrocarril de vía estándar que atraviesa Nigeria, desde el puerto de Lagos hasta Kano , cerca de la frontera con Níger . El ferrocarril correrá paralelo a la línea de ancho del Cabo construida por los británicos , que tiene una menor capacidad de diseño y se encuentra en un estado deteriorado. La ruta Abuja-Kaduna está terminada y operativa, mientras que la ruta Lagos-Ibadan está en construcción y varias otras rutas están en subdesarrollo. La longitud total del carril será de 2.733 kilómetros. ^[61]
Transporte público ferroviario de Lagos	Lagos , Lagos	Bajo construcción	$ 3,600,000,000	El transporte público ferroviario de Lagos es un sistema ferroviario urbano que se está desarrollando y construyendo en Lagos . Se prevé que el sistema consista eventualmente en siete líneas. ^[62] El sector privado proporcionará el equipo ferroviario, incluidos energía eléctrica, señalización, material rodante y equipo de cobro de tarifas en virtud de un Contrato de Concesión, mientras que LAMATA es responsable de la dirección de políticas, la regulación y la infraestructura de la red. La primera sección de la red, la Fase I de la Línea Azul, estaba prevista originalmente para completarse en 2011. Después de muchas demoras causadas por la escasez de fondos, la fecha de apertura se revisó para 2022. ^[63]
Tercer puente continental	Lagos , Estado de Lagos	Terminado	Desconocido	El tercer puente continental es actualmente el más largo de los tres puentes que conectan la isla de Lagos con el continente . Se completó en 1990 y se convirtió en el puente más largo de África. El puente fue construido por Julius Berger Nigeria PLC y mide unos 11,8 km de longitud.

Asia [ editar ]

Asia oriental [ editar ]

República Popular de China [ editar ]

Proyecto	Ciudad / Distrito / Provincia / Prefectura	Estado	Costo	Notas
Corredor económico China-Pakistán (CPEC)	Área desde Kashgar , China hasta la costa sur de Pakistán	En desarrollo	$ 62,000,000,000	El proyecto tiene como objetivo conectar el puerto de Gwadar en el suroeste de Pakistán ( Asia central / sur de Asia ) con la región autónoma de Xinjiang , en el noroeste de China ( Asia oriental ) , a través de una red de carreteras , ferrocarriles y oleoductos para transportar petróleo y gas. ^[64] El corredor económico se considera fundamental para las relaciones entre China y Pakistán y recorrerá unos 3.000 km desde Gwadar hasta Kashgar.. Aparte de la infraestructura de transporte, el corredor económico proporcionará a Pakistán infraestructura de telecomunicaciones y energía. El proyecto también tiene como objetivo mejorar el intercambio de inteligencia entre los países.
Aeropuerto Internacional de Beijing Daxing	Distrito de Daxing , Beijing y distrito de Guangyang , Langfang , provincia de Hebei	Terminado	$ 17,000,000,000	Completado y abierto en noviembre de 2019.
Puente Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao (HKZMB)	Delta del río Pearl	Terminado	$ 10,600,000,000	Inaugurada en 2018.

Japón [ editar ]

Proyecto	Ciudad, País	Estado	Costo	Notas
Tren de alta velocidad Maglev de Japón (Chūō Shinkansen)	Tokio - Nagoya - Osaka , Japón	Bajo construcción	$ 85,000,000,000	JR Central tiene como objetivo comenzar el servicio comercial entre Tokio y Nagoya en 2027, y la sección Nagoya-Osaka se completará en 2037.

Corea del Sur [ editar ]

Proyecto	Ciudad, País	Estado	Costo	Notas
Aeropuerto Internacional de Incheon	Incheon	Terminado	$ 5,000,000,000 +	La construcción de la Fase 1 comenzó en noviembre de 1992. ^{[65] La} Fase 1 del proyecto se inició el 22 de marzo de 2001, después de 8 años de construcción y 6 meses adicionales de pruebas de los sistemas y las pistas.
Aeropuerto Internacional de Incheon Fase 2	Incheon	Terminado	$ 4,600,000,000	La construcción de la Fase 2 comenzó en febrero de 2002 y se completó el 20 de junio de 2008 antes de los Juegos Olímpicos de Verano de 2008 en Beijing , China . ^{[sesenta y cinco]}
Aeropuerto Internacional de Incheon Fase 3	Incheon	Terminado	$ 4,500,000,000	La construcción de la Fase 3 comenzó en septiembre de 2013 y se ha dividido en 2 fases. ^{[65] La} fase 3 se completó en 2016 antes de los Juegos Olímpicos de Invierno de 2018 en Pyeongchang .
Fase 4 del aeropuerto internacional de Incheon ^[66]	Incheon	Bajo construcción	$ 3,700,000,000	La construcción de la Fase 4 comienza en 2019 con la expansión de la Terminal 2 y la construcción de una pista adicional, que se espera que esté terminada para 2025.

Asia meridional [ editar ]

Bangladesh [ editar ]

Proyecto	Ciudad, País	Estado	Costo	Notas
Puente de Padma	Louhajong, Munshiganj, Shariatpur, Madaripur	Bajo construcción	$ 3.6 mil millones	El Puente Multipropósito Padma es un puente multipropósito carretera-ferrocarril que cruza el río Padma, el principal distribuidor del Ganges, en construcción en Bangladesh con sus propios recursos. Conecta Louhajong, Munshiganj con Shariatpur y Madaripur, uniendo el suroeste del país con las regiones norte y este. El puente multipropósito Padma se considera el proyecto de construcción más desafiante en la historia de Bangladesh. El puente de armadura de acero de dos niveles lleva una carretera de cuatro carriles en el nivel superior y un ferrocarril de vía única en el nivel inferior. El puente con 150,12 m (492,5 pies) de largo y 41 vanos, 6,150 km (3,821 mi) de longitud total y 18,18 m (59,6 pies) de ancho, es el puente más largo de Bangladesh, el segundo más largo de la llanura indogangética después de Bhupen Hazarika Setu. en Assam y el más largo sobre el Ganges en términos de envergadura y longitud total.La profundidad de pilote más alta de este puente es de 122 metros, que es la más alta entre todos los demás puentes. Se espera que el puente multipropósito Padma, cuando se ponga en servicio, impulse el PIB de Bangladesh hasta en un 1,2 por ciento.
Tren del metro de Dhaka	Dhaka	Bajo construcción	$ 2.8 mil millones	La Línea 6 del Metro de Dhaka consta de 16 estaciones elevadas de 180 m de largo cada una y 20,1 km de vías de tren ligero alimentadas con electricidad. La construcción comenzó el 26 de junio de 2016 y se espera que finalice en 2021.
Túnel de Karnaphuli	Chittagong	Bajo construcción	$ 1.2 mil millones	Primer túnel submarino en la región del sur de Asia, parte de la red de carreteras de Dhaka-Chittagong-Cox's Bazaar.
Puente ferroviario de Bangabandhu	Sirajganj, río Jamuna	Bajo construcción	$ 1.6 mil millones	Se espera que un puente ferroviario de 4,8 km de largo cerca del puente Bangabandhu sea el puente ferroviario dedicado más grande del país.
Terminal 3 del aeropuerto internacional Hazrat Shahjalal (R)	Dhaka	Bajo construcción	$ 2.5 mil millones	La expansión incluirá una terminal de pasajeros con una superficie de aproximadamente 226.000 m2 (2.430.000 pies cuadrados); un complejo VVIP de 5.900 m2 (64.000 pies cuadrados) cuadrados; un edificio de carga de 41.200 m2 (443.000 pies cuadrados); y edificio de aparcamiento de varios niveles con túnel. Una vez que se complete la tercera terminal, la capacidad de manejo de pasajeros del aeropuerto aumentará a 20 millones desde los 8 millones actuales por año. La capacidad de manipulación de carga también aumentará a 500.000 de 200.000 toneladas anuales.
Planta de energía nuclear de Rooppur	Ishwardi	Bajo construcción	$ 12,65 mil millones	Será la primera central nuclear del país y se espera que la primera de dos unidades entre en funcionamiento en 2023.
Distrito Central de negocios	Purbachal	En desarrollo	$ 17 mil millones	tres rascacielos súper altos, rodeados por treinta y ocho rascacielos de más de 40 pisos.

India [ editar ]

Proyecto	Ciudad, País	Estado	Costo	Notas
Metro de Hyderabad	Hyderabad , Telangana	Bajo construcción	$ 2,500,000,000 +	Responder a la creciente necesidad de transporte público y mitigar el aumento del tráfico vehicular. Inaugurada parcialmente en 2017 ^[67] y la fase 1 está operativa a partir de noviembre de 2019. ^[68]^[69]
Aeropuerto Internacional Navi Mumbai	Navi Mumbai , Mumbai , Maharashtra	Bajo construcción	$ 2,500,000,000 +	Se espera que el proyecto del aeropuerto, destinado a aliviar la congestión del tráfico aéreo en CSIA, esté terminado para 2023. ^[70]
Proyecto del corredor industrial Delhi-Mumbai	Varios estados de la India	Bajo construcción	$ 1,000,000,000 +	Uno de los proyectos de infraestructura más grandes del mundo con una inversión estimada de 90.000 millones de dólares EE.UU. y está planificado como una zona industrial de alta tecnología distribuida en seis estados, ^[71] así como Delhi, la capital nacional y él mismo un Territorio de la Unión . ^[72] Las inversiones se distribuirán a lo largo del Corredor de Carga Dedicado Occidental de 1.500 km de longitud que servirá como columna vertebral de transporte del corredor industrial. ^[73]
Corredor ferroviario de alta velocidad Mumbai-Ahmedabad	Multiplicar estados en la India	Bajo construcción	$ 18,000,000,000 +	Línea ferroviaria de alta velocidad que conecta las ciudades de Ahmedabad , Gujarat y Mumbai . Cuando esté terminado, será la primera línea ferroviaria de alta velocidad de la India. ^[74]
Bharatmala	Varios estados de la India	Bajo construcción	$ 11,000,000,000 +	Bharatmala Pariyojana (Proyecto) es un proyecto de Carreteras y Carreteras patrocinado y financiado centralmente por el Gobierno de la India . ^[75] El proyecto construirá carreteras desde Gujarat , Rajasthan , Punjab , Haryana y luego cubrirá toda la cadena de estados del Himalaya - Jammu y Cachemira , Himachal Pradesh , Uttarakhand - y luego partes de las fronteras de Uttar Pradesh y Bihar junto a Terai , y se moverá a Bengala Occidental , Sikkim , Assam ,Arunachal Pradesh , y hasta la frontera Indo-Myanmar en Manipur y Mizoram . ^[75]
Carretera Char Dham	Uttarakhand	Bajo construcción	$ 1,500,000,000 +	Char Dham Expressway National Highway ( Hindi : चार धाम महामार्ग ), es una en construcción de dos carriles (en cada dirección) Expresar carretera nacional con una anchura mínima de 10 metros en el estado de Uttarakhand . La carretera propuesta complementará el ferrocarril Char Dham en desarrollo al conectar los cuatro lugares sagrados en los estados de Uttarakhand , incluidos Badrinath , Kedarnath , Champawat , Pithoragarh , Gangotri y Yamunotri El proyecto incluye 900 km de carreteras nacionales que conectarán todo Uttarakhand Expresar.
Sagarmala	Estado múltiple de la India	Bajo construcción	$ 14,000,000,000 +	El Programa Sagarmala es una iniciativa del gobierno de la India para mejorar el desempeño del sector logístico del país. El programa prevé liberar el potencial de las vías fluviales y la costa para minimizar las inversiones en infraestructura necesarias para cumplir estos objetivos. ^[76]^[77]
Ciudad inteligente de Amaravati	Amaravati , Andhra Pradesh	Bajo construcción	$ 4,000,000,000 +	Es una ciudad planificada en el estado de Andhra Pradesh y será la capital del estado una vez finalizada. Se está construyendo en una ribera de 217 km ² diseñada para tener el 51% de los espacios verdes y el 10% de los cuerpos de agua.
Hyperloop		Propuesto		Propuesta para establecer una infraestructura de hiperloop para el corredor Pune - Mumbai . ^[78] Además, la empresa Hyperloop Transportation Technologies está en proceso de firmar una carta de intención con el gobierno indio para una ruta propuesta entre Chennai y Bengaluru . Si las cosas salen según lo planeado, la distancia de 345 km podría cubrirse en 30 minutos. ^[79] HTT también firmó un acuerdo con el gobierno de Andhra Pradesh para construir el primer proyecto Hyperloop de la India que conecta Amaravathi con Vijayawada en un viaje de 6 minutos. Además, DGWHyperloop de Dinclix GroundWorks, con sede en Indore, aboga por un corredor Hyperloop entre Mumbai y Delhi , a través de Indore ,Kota y Jaipur . ^[80]

Pakistán [ editar ]

Proyecto	Ciudad, País	Estado	Costo	Notas
Autopista Karachi-Lahore	Provincias múltiples	Terminado	$ 6,600,000,000	La Autopista Karachi-Lahore (KLM) es una autopista de acceso limitado de alta velocidad de 1.694 kilómetros de largo (1.053 millas) que conectará Karachi y Peshawar a través de Islamabad, Lahore, Multan y Sukkur. El KLM se divide en siete secciones: Karachi-Hyderabad (M-9, 136 km); Hyderabad-Sukkur (M-6, 296 km); Sukkur-Multan (M-5, 387 km); Multan-Abdul Hakeem (M-4, 103 km); Abdul Hakeem-Lahore (M-3, 230 km); Lahore-Islamabad (M2, 376 km); e Islamabad-Peshawar (M1, 166 km).
Ferrocarril circular de Karachi	Karachi	En desarrollo	$ 1,600,000,000	Reactivación del ferrocarril circular de Karachi, que entró en funcionamiento en 1969. Se interrumpió en 1999 como resultado de una mala gestión. En 2012, los gobiernos de Pakistán y Sindh acordaron reactivar el ferrocarril para satisfacer las necesidades de los ciudadanos de Karachi. El proyecto incluye 23 estaciones, 3 líneas y un total de más de 50 kilómetros de vía. El gobierno de Pakistán tendrá una participación del 60% en el proyecto, Sindh tendrá una participación del 25% y Karachi tendrá una participación del 15%. Una vez completado, volverá a ser el tren local más grande de Pakistán.
Metrobus de Karachi	Karachi	Bajo construcción	$ 400 000 000	Un nuevo sistema de tránsito rápido en Karachi. Con una longitud prevista de unos 115 kilómetros, se convertirá en el sistema de metrobús más grande de Pakistán. ^{[ cita requerida ]}
Autopista de Malir	Karachi	En desarrollo	$ 400 000 000	Autopista de 40,3 km de tres carriles con acceso controlado a lo largo del río Malir en Karachi. Comienza en el puente Qayumanbad y termina en la autopista Karachi-Hyderabad (M-9). El proyecto costaría alrededor de 40 mil millones de rupias. Se ordenó que la construcción comience a mediados de 2019.
Aeropuerto internacional de Gwadar	Gwadar	En desarrollo	$ 400 000 000	Aeropuerto internacional planeado en Gurandani, 26 km al noreste del aeropuerto existente en la ciudad de Gwadar. ^{[ cita requerida ]}
Línea ferroviaria Karachi-Peshawar ML-1	Varias provincias en Pakistán	En desarrollo	$ 7,000,000,000	La línea ferroviaria Karachi-Peshawar (también denominada línea principal 1 o ML-1) es una de las cuatro líneas ferroviarias principales de Pakistán, operada y mantenida por Pakistan Railways. La longitud total de esta línea ferroviaria es de 1.687 kilómetros (1.048 millas). Hay 184 estaciones de tren desde Kiamari hasta Peshawar Cantonment en esta línea. La línea sirve como la principal línea de pasajeros y carga del país. El 75% del tráfico de carga y pasajeros del país utiliza la línea. Actualmente, la línea está experimentando una actualización y renovación de ₨ 886,68 mil millones (US $ 7,4 mil millones) como parte del Corredor Económico China Pakistán, y se espera que las velocidades ferroviarias promedio se dupliquen a 160 kilómetros por hora una vez finalizada.
Metro de la línea naranja	Lahore	Terminado	$ 1,500,000,000	Orange Line es un sistema de tránsito rápido automatizado en Lahore, Punjab, Pakistán. Cuando esté abierto en 2020, será el primer metro de Pakistán desde el metro de Karachi que se inició en 1969. La línea naranja es la primera de las tres líneas ferroviarias propuestas para el metro de Lahore. La línea abarcará 27,1 km (16,8 millas) con 25,4 km (15,8 millas) elevados y 1,72 km (1,1 millas) subterráneos. La línea contará con 26 estaciones y se espera que maneje 250.000 pasajeros al día.

Sudeste de Asia [ editar ]

Indonesia [ editar ]

Proyecto	Ciudad / Región	Estado	Costo	Notas
MRT de Yakarta	Jacarta	Terminado	$ 2,860,000,000	Actualmente consta de una línea (Línea Norte-Sur) y se divide en dos fases. La Fase 1 se abrió en marzo de 2019, las extensiones de esta línea en la Fase 2 se abrirán para 2024 y se espera una segunda línea (Este-Oeste) para 2026.
Yakarta – Bandung – Kertajati HSR	Java	Bajo construcción	$ 5,500,000,000

Malasia [ editar ]

Proyecto	Estado de la Ciudad	Estado	Costo	Notas
Proyecto de tránsito rápido masivo de Klang Valley	Kuala Lumpur	En desarrollo	RM50,000,000,000	Una parte de otro mega proyecto para transformar Malasia y Kuala Lumpur en una gran megapolis llamada Gran Kuala Lumpur.
ECRL	Kelantan , Terengganu , Pahang , Negeri Sembilan , Selangor	En desarrollo	44.000.000.000 RM
KLIA 2	Selangor	Terminado	3.920.000.000 RM
Penang Sentral	Penang	Terminado	230.000.000 RM
Autopista de la costa oeste	Selangor y Perak	En desarrollo	5.044.000.000 RM

Filipinas [ editar ]

Proyecto	Ciudad / Región / Provincia	Estado	Costo	Notas
Puente de interconexión Bataan-Cavite	Bataan Cavite	Aprobado	$ 3,750,000,000	Un puente de 32 km (20 millas) sobre la bahía de Manila que conectará el centro y el sur de Luzón. ^[81]
Sistema de tránsito ferroviario del metro de Manila	Metro Manila Central Luzón Calabarzon	Parcialmente operativo	$ 15,845,000,000	Una línea operativa a partir de 2020. Se espera que tenga un total de ocho líneas con una longitud total de 142 km (88 millas) y que se abra a partir de 2021 en adelante. ^[82]^[83]^[84]^[85]^[86]^[87]
Nuevo aeropuerto internacional de Manila	Bulacan	Esperando aprovación	$ 14,111,000,000	Destinado a descongestionar y eventualmente reemplazar el Aeropuerto Internacional Ninoy Aquino . Será operado por la Corporación San Miguel . ^[88]
Ferrocarril de cercanías norte-sur	Metro Manila Central Luzón Laguna	Bajo construcción	$ 14,950,000,000	Estará en pleno funcionamiento en 2023 y conectará el aeropuerto internacional de Clark con Metro Manila y Calabarzon . ^[89]
Expansión interurbana de los Ferrocarriles Nacionales de Filipinas	Luzón central Calabarzon Bicol Region Mindanao	Esperando aprovación	$ 5,590,000,000 +	Incluye la rehabilitación de la línea principal del sur, ^[90] el ferrocarril Subic-Clark de carga exclusiva y la primera fase de la expansión del ferrocarril Mindanao. ^[91]

Tailandia [ editar ]

Proyecto	Ciudad / Región	Estado	Costo	Notas
Tren de alta velocidad en Tailandia	Tailandia central , occidental y meridional	Propuesto	$ 30 000 000 000	Consta de cuatro corredores propuestos con extensiones internacionales a Laos y Malasia.

Vietnam [ editar ]

Proyecto	Ciudad / Región	Estado	Costo	Notas
Aeropuerto internacional de Long Thanh	Ciudad de Ho Chi Minh	Bajo construcción	$ 7,800,000,000	Esta primera fase del proyecto ha comenzado a construirse en 2019 y se divide en 3 subfases. La subfase 1A verá la construcción de una terminal y una pista ($ 5.6 mil millones asignados a esta subfase) que se completarán en 2023. La subfase 1B será la construcción de una segunda pista a partir de 2023 y se completará en 2025 La subfase 1C será la construcción de las instalaciones restantes y la limpieza del terreno para que la fase futura comience y termine en 2025.
Aeropuerto Internacional Long Thang Fase 2	Ciudad de Ho Chi Minh	En desarrollo		Esta fase comenzará en 2025 después de que se complete la Fase 1 y el aeropuerto se abra ese mismo año. La Fase 2 verá la construcción de una tercera pista y la expansión de la Primera Terminal o la construcción de una Segunda Terminal para aumentar la capacidad de pasajeros a 50 millones de pasajeros. Se espera que la Fase 2 se complete en 2035.
Aeropuerto Internacional Long Thang Fase 3	Ciudad de Ho Chi Minh	En desarrollo		Esta fase comenzará en 2035 después de que se complete la Fase 2 y el aeropuerto se abra ese mismo año. La Fase 3 verá la construcción de una cuarta pista con la posibilidad de otra terminal o vestíbulos adicionales para aumentar la capacidad de pasajeros hasta 100 millones de pasajeros. Se espera que la Fase 3 se complete en algún momento después de 2035.

Medio Oriente [ editar ]

Bahréin [ editar ]

Proyecto	Ciudad, País	Estado	Costo	Notas
Proyecto de ampliación del aeropuerto internacional de Baréin	Muharraq , isla de Muharraq	Bajo construcción	$ 1,100,000,000
Red de tren ligero de Bahrein	Bahréin	Bajo construcción	$ 2,000,000,000

Irán [ editar ]

Proyecto	Ciudad, País	Estado	Costo	Notas
Autopista Teherán-Shomal	Iran	Bajo construcción	Alrededor de mil millones de dólares para terminar	Autopista de 121 km que conecta Teherán con Chalus ^[92]

Israel [ editar ]

Proyecto

Ciudad, País

Estado

Costo

Notas

Ferrocarril Tel Aviv-Jerusalén

Entre Tel Aviv y Jerusalén

A punto de concluir

$ 1,900,000,000– $ 2,800,000,000

1. La construcción de la línea entre Tel Aviv HaHaganah y el aeropuerto Ben Gurion (parte occidental del ferrocarril 27) se completó en 2004 y actualmente está abierta.

2. La construcción de la línea entre el aeropuerto Ben Gurion y Kfar Daniel (parte oriental del ferrocarril 27) se completó en 2007 y el servicio comenzó en septiembre de 2007.

3. La construcción de la línea entre Kfar Daniel y Latrun (Sección A) se completó en 2011 y actualmente está abierta.

4. La construcción de la línea entre Latrun y Sha'ar HaGai (Sección B) se completó en 2015 y actualmente está abierta.

5. La construcción de la línea entre Sha'ar HaGai y Mevaseret Zion (Sección C) se completó entre 2014 y 2016 y actualmente está abierta.

6. La construcción de la línea entre Mevaseret Zion y la estación de tren de Jerusalén Binyanei HaUma , Jerusalén (Sección D) comenzó en algún momento de 2010.

Se espera que las obras de electrificación en el ferrocarril existente entre Tel Aviv Central y Herzliya estén terminadas en el otoño de 2020 y permitirían que los trenes de Jerusalén terminen en Herzliya en lugar de Tel Aviv Central .

Tren ligero de Tel Aviv

Área metropolitana de Tel Aviv

Bajo construcción

$ 55,000,000,000 / 187,5 mil millones de ILS

El proyecto constará de cuatro nuevas líneas de tren ligero y tres nuevas líneas de metro: las líneas de metro ligero costará alrededor de un combinado de ILS 37,5 mil millones de ILS y la Aviv Tel metro está previsto que cuesta alrededor de 45 mil millones de ILS .

Kuwait [ editar ]

Proyecto	Ciudad, País	Estado	Costo	Notas
Proyecto Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah Causeway	Bahía de Kuwait	Terminado	$ 3,000,000,000	Terminado en 2019, es el punto de partida Madinat Al-Hareer en Subiya , Kuwait ; que está al norte de la ciudad de Kuwait al otro lado de la bahía de Kuwait .
Terminal 2 de pasajeros del aeropuerto internacional de Kuwait ^[93]	Ciudad de Kuwait	Bajo construcción	$ 4,310,182,400	La construcción comenzó en mayo de 2017 para ampliar la capacidad del aeropuerto. Se espera que se complete en 2022.

Qatar [ editar ]

Proyecto	Ciudad, País	Estado	Costo	Notas
Metro de Doha	Doha	Bajo construcción	$ 36,000,000,000	Longitud prevista de 300 km; programado para completarse en 2026.
Programa de la autopista de Qatar	Doha	Bajo construcción	US $ 28 mil millones (CAPEX)	El programa Expressway tiene como objetivo entregar más de 800 kilómetros de carreteras nuevas o mejoradas y más de 200 intercambios en Qatar. Es parte de la Visión Nacional de Qatar 2030. Uno de los factores motivadores es la Copa Mundial de la FIFA 2022 planificada. ^[94]

Arabia Saudita [ editar ]

Proyecto	Ciudad, País	Estado	Costo	Notas
Ampliación del aeropuerto King Abdulaziz	Jeddah	Terminado	$ 7,200,000,000	Completado el 1 de enero de 2019.
Metro de Riad	Riad	Bajo construcción	$ 23,500,000,000	Programado para comenzar a operar en 2020.

Emiratos Árabes Unidos [ editar ]

Proyecto	Ciudad, País	Estado	Costo	Notas
Aeropuerto internacional Al Maktoum	Dubai	Bajo construcción	$ 82,000,000,000	Una vez finalizado, será el cuarto aeropuerto más grande del mundo. ^[95]

América Central [ editar ]

Costa Rica[edit]

Project	City	Status	Cost	Notes
Orotina Mega Airport
Green Costa Rican Canal
Electric Train of The Great Metropolitan Area

Panama[edit]

Project	City	Status	Cost
4th bridge over the Panama Canal	Panama	Under Construction	$1,400,000,000
Panama Metro line 1	Panama	Completed	$1,800,000,000
Panama metro line 2	Panama	Completed	$2,000,000,000^[96]
Panama metro line 3	Panama	In planning	$2,600,000,000^[97]

Europe[edit]

Serbia-North Macedonia-Greece[edit]

Project	City/Country	Status	Cost	Notes
Danube–Morava–Vardar–Aegean Canal	Serbia–North Macedonia–Greece	In Planning	$17,000,000,000	The Danube-Morava-Vardar-Aegean Canal is in planning for a very long time, significant progress has been made in 2013 and 2014, with China having interests in building a canal. The project would cost around $17,000,000,000. Serbia is most interested country in building this project, which would make Great Morava and South Morava passable for boats from Thessaloniki. There would be many hydropower plants as well as 9 ports in Jagodina, Stalać, Kruševac, Kraljevo, Niš, Leskovac, Vranje, Kumanovo and Skopje. It would connect new rivers into three main rivers, and make Morava and Vardar navigable rivers, and clean them for passage of boats. The project was a major theme of the January 2020 Thessaloniki summit, when all three leaders met.^[98]

Serbia-Hungary[edit]

Project	City/Country	Status	Cost	Notes
Budapest–Belgrade railway	Serbia, Hungary	Under Construction	around $5,000,000,000	The Budapest–Belgrade railway project aims to connect Budapest and Belgrade by high-speed rail. The project is the first stage of the planned Budapest–Belgrade–Skopje–Athens railway, which itself is part of China's Belt and Road Initiative and would connect the China-run Piraeus port in Greece with the "heart" of Europe.

Serbia[edit]

Project	City/Country	Status	Cost	Notes
Belgrade Metro	Serbia	In Planning	around $5,000,000,000	Belgrade Metro is a project in planning for over a century, but recently, new progress has been made in planning, and construction is set to start by end of 2021. It would have 43 stations and 2 lines, and would cost around $5,000,000,000. Line 1:Route:Železnik ↔ Mirijevo,Length:21.3 km (13.2 mi),23 stations.Line 2:Route:Zemun railway station ↔ Mirijevo,Length:19.2 km (11.9 mi),20 stations. It would be built by French and many other companies.
Belgrade-Boljare motorway	Serbia	Under Construction	$2,389,800,000	Belgrade-Boljare Motorway is part of Belgrade-Bar motorway motorway,and will connect Serbian Capital Belgrade and Montenegro Port city of Bar. Serbian Section is set to cost $2,389,800,000 with first and Completed Section of Belgrade-Pozega 151.63 kilometres long costing 889.8 million euros, and because of favourable terrain it will be the cheapest section of the motorway.Second Section under Construction is Pozega-Boljare Section,and it would cost at least US$1.5 billion,for approximately 110 km.Second Section is most expensive section of whole Belgrade-Boljare motorway,because of not favourable terrain with many tunnels and bridges.
Belgrade Waterfront	Serbia	Under Construction	$3,500,000,000	Belgrade Waterfront is an urban renewal development project headed by the Government of Serbia aimed at improving Belgrade's cityscape and economy by revitalizing the Sava amphitheater, a neglected stretch of land on the right bank of the Sava river, between the Belgrade Fair and Branko's bridge. It was started in 2014 with the reconstruction of the Belgrade Cooperative building, which was finished in June of the same year.

European Union (As a whole)[edit]

Project	City/Country	Status	Cost	Notes
TEN-T Core Network	Europe	Under Construction	$550,000,000,000	The purpose of the project is connect nine European Corridors, east–west and north–south. The nine corridors are the Baltic-Adriatic Corridor, the North Sea-Baltic Corridor, the Mediterranean Corridor, the Orient/East-Med Corridor, the Scandinavian-Mediterranean Corridor,^[99] the Rhine-Alpine Corridor, the Atlantic Corridor, the North Sea-Mediterranean Corridor, and the Rhine-Danube Corridor.^[100] The Trans-European conventional rail network is part of the EU Mega-Project to help alleviate and assist in the transport of goods throughout the 27 EU member states.

Czech Republic[edit]

Project	City/Country	Status	Cost	Notes
Blanka tunnel complex	Prague	Completed	$1,970,000,000	The longest city tunnel in Europe at 5.5 km. The three continuous tunnels improve traffic in the northern part of Prague as well as reducing the load on the main transit route through the city center.

France[edit]

Project	City/Country	Status	Cost	Notes
Grand Paris Express	Paris	Under Construction	$45,000,000,000	Construction began in 2015 and is expected to be completed as well as opened in stages between 2020 & 2030.

Germany[edit]

Project	City/Country	Status	Cost	Notes
Verkehrsprojekt Deutsche Einheit Nr. 8	Between Berlin Main Station and Nuremberg Main Station	Mostly Completed	$10,000,000,000	Including the Erfurt–Leipzig/Halle high-speed railway, the Nuremberg–Erfurt high-speed railway, upgrades to the existing Berlin–Halle railway and linking onward to the Nuremberg–Munich high-speed railway

Greece[edit]

Project	City/Country	Status	Cost	Notes
Athens Metro	Athens	Under Construction	$6,480,000,000	Line 2 and Line 3 of Athens Metro were constructed between 1992 and 2000 (Line 1 began operation in 1869).^[101] The construction of lines 2 and 3 (including their ongoing extensions) cost €4.30 billion.^[102] Line 4 is set to begin construction in 2019 with a budget of €1.45 billion.^[103]
Egnatia Odos	Greece	Completed	$6,690,000,000	Construction began in 1995, and a total of 670 kilometres (420 mi) of motorways running along the general route of the ancient Roman Via Egnatia.^[104] It runs from Igoumenitsa, in Epirus, crosses Western Macedonia, Central Macedonia, and ends on Greece's border with Turkey in Eastern Macedonia and Thrace. The project cost €5.93 billion.^[104]
Egnatia Railway	Greece	In planning	$11,270,000,000	Proposed in 2017 at a cost of €10 billion,^[105] the Egnatia Railway will be Europe's largest railway megaproject.^[106] The original stated start date was March 2019.^[105]
Ionia Odos	Greece	Completed	$1,240,000,000	Construction began in 2006, and a total of 196 kilometres (122 mi) of motorways running north–south through Western Greece, from Ioannina to the Rio-Antirio Bridge, were built.^[107] The project had a budget of over €1.1 billion.^[107]
Thessaloniki Metro	Thessaloniki	Under Construction	$2,550,000,000	The purpose of the project is to create a 35-station underground rapid transit system in Greece's second-largest city. Currently phases 1 and 2 (18 stations) are under construction and will be operational by late 2020 at a price tag of €2.26 billion.^[108]
Thessaloniki–Kavala–Xanthi railway	Greece	In planning	$1,475,000,000	A new electrified railway line connecting the northern Greek cities of Thessaloniki, Kavala, and Xanthi, at a cost of €1.25 billion.^[109] It will run in parallel with the Egnatia Odos highway, cutting travel times and will replace the existing Thessaloniki–Alexandroupoli railway which was built during Ottoman times.^[109]
Tithorea-Domokos bypass	Greece	Completed	$2,030,000,000	Construction began in 1997, and a total of 106 kilometres (66 mi) of high-speed railways running between the towns of Tithorea and Domokos were built as a bypass to the existing conventional mountainous railway line linking Thessaloniki in the north with Athens in the south, including 35.5 kilometres (22.1 mi) of tunnels and 6.8 kilometres (4.2 mi) of bridges.^[110] The project had a budget of over €1.8 billion.^[107] The bypass was opened in January 2019.^[111]

Hungary[edit]

Project	City/Country	Status	Cost	Notes
Budapest–Belgrade Railway	Budapest-Kiskőrös-Kiskunhalas-Kelebia	Under Construction	$3,900,000,000	Budapest–Belgrade railway is a railway project under construction, at end, people could go from Budapest to Belgrade, and vice versa 200 km\h by fast railway. Hungary is set to complete Budapest-Serbian Border by 2023. Project on both sides would cost around $5,000,000,000 with $2,000,000,000 on Hungarian side. The Budapest–Belgrade railway is also a part, and the first stage, of the planned Budapest–Belgrade–Skopje–Athens Railway international connection in Central and Southeast Europe, a Chinese-CEE "hallmark" project of Beijing's Belt and Road initiative, connecting the China-run Piraeus port in Greece with the "heart" of Europe. The expansion of this project to Nis is under planning, which would add new $800,000,000 into this project, and a new 120–160 km\h Railway in Nis-Presevo and Nis-Dimitrovgrad both costing around $200,000,000, and are set to start construction by 2021 and end it by end of 2021 or 2022. It would be built by Russian and Chinese companies.

Montenegro[edit]

Project	City/Country	Status	Cost	Notes
Bar-Boljare motorway	Montenegro	Under Construction	$3,000,000,000	Construction began on 11 May 2015; The length of the route of the highway is 40.871 km, and national road standards of Montenegro are adopted, with reference to the European specifications as well. These construction standards will be applied for the two-way four-lane highway, with the speed of 100 km/h according to the design, and the construction period of 4 years. The highway stretches from south to the north across the mountains. In technical terms it is very demanding, and the construction is very challenging. Bridges and tunnels make up to about 60% of the entire route. In recent years, it is the largest infrastructure project in Montenegro, and the implementation of the project is very challenging.

Norway[edit]

Project	City/Country	Status	Cost	Notes
Coastal Highway E39	Trondheim to Kristiansand	In Planning	$42,400,000,000	The purpose of the project is to replace all the ferry links along the route with fixed connections in order to reduce travel time from 21 hours to 11 hours. The first part, Rogfast is since 2018 under construction at a cost of $1.9 bn, but the rest is controversial and not decided. Some of the fjords are too deep for pillars or undersea tunnels and too wide for suspension bridges, so floating bridges in untested sizes are suggested. Initial cost estimates placed the project around 150 bn kroner, but an August 2020 updated estimate moved the cost to 382 bn. A study is underway with the goal of cutting costs, and it is possible the project may be scaled back.
InterCity	Østlandet	Under Construction	$36,300,000,000	Project to connect all major towns in the vicinity of Oslo by a double rail line. 270 km of new line will be added and existing infrastructure will be upgraded, improving passenger flow and experience, as well as allowing train speeds up to 250 km/h throughout the region. Expected to be completed by 2034.

Poland[edit]

Project	City/Country	Status	Cost	Notes
Central Transport Hub	Gmina Baranów	In planning	$8,000,000,000+^[112]	The project involves the construction of the largest airport in Poland and one of the largest in Europe, Solidarity Airport (initially able to handle 45 million passengers a year, with the possibility of extension up to 100 millions), along with highway and high-speed rail infrastructure connecting major Polish citities and the airport. Phase 1 scheduled to open in 2027.^[112]

Portugal[edit]

Project	City/Country	Status	Cost	Notes
Vasco da Gama Bridge	Lisbon	Completed	$1,100,000,000	Construction began in February 1995; the bridge was opened to traffic on 29 March 1998, just in time for Expo 98, the World's Fair that celebrated the 500th anniversary of the discovery by Vasco da Gama of the sea route from Europe to India. It is the longest bridge in Europe (including viaducts), with a total length of 12.3 kilometres (7.6 mi), including 0.8 kilometres (0.50 mi) for the main bridge and 11.5 kilometres (7.1 mi) in viaducts. The Bridge is served by 4.8 kilometres (3.0 mi) of dedicated access roads. It was built to alleviate the congestion on Lisbon's 25 de Abril Bridge, and eliminate the need for traffic between the country's northern and southern regions to pass through the capital city.

Serbia-North Macedonia-Greece[edit]

Project	City/Country	Status	Cost	Notes
Danube–Morava–Vardar–Aegean Canal	Serbia–North Macedonia–Greece	In Planning	$17,000,000,000	The Danube-Morava-Vardar-Aegean Canal is in planning for a very long time, significant progress has been made in 2013 and 2014, with China having interests in building a canal. The project would cost around $17,000,000,000. Serbia is most interested country in building this project, which would make Great Morava and South Morava passable for boats from Thessaloniki. There would be many hydropower plants as well as 9 ports in Jagodina, Stalać, Kruševac, Kraljevo, Niš, Leskovac, Vranje, Kumanovo and Skopje. It would connect new rivers into three main rivers, and make Morava and Vardar navigable rivers, and clean them for passage of boats. The project was a major theme of the January 2020 Thessaloniki summit, when all three leaders met.^[98]

Serbia-Hungary[edit]

Project	City/Country	Status	Cost	Notes
Budapest–Belgrade railway	Serbia, Hungary	Under Construction	around $5,000,000,000	The Budapest–Belgrade railway project aims to connect Budapest and Belgrade by high-speed rail. The project is the first stage of the planned Budapest–Belgrade–Skopje–Athens railway, which itself is part of China's Belt and Road Initiative and would connect the China-run Piraeus port in Greece with the "heart" of Europe.

Switzerland[edit]

Project	City/Canton	Status	Cost	Notes
Gotthard Base Tunnel	Bodio, Canton of Ticino (End) & Erstfeld, Canton of Uri (Start)	Completed	CHF 9.560 billion ≈ $10,300,000,000	At 57 km, the world's longest and deepest rail tunnel upon its completion in 2015.^{[citation needed]}

United Kingdom[edit]

Project	City/Country	Status	Cost	Notes
Expansion of Heathrow Airport	England	Approved	$25,234,620,000	Building a 3rd Runway and an additional Terminal.
Irish Sea Bridge	Scotland/Northern Ireland	Proposed	$20,000,000,000	Completion proposed for 2030s^[113]
High Speed 2	England	Under Construction	$96,000,000,000	Completion planned for 2026 (phase 1), 2033 (phase 2)
High Speed 3	England	Planned	$19,000,000,000	Completion planned for 2033
London Crossrail Project	London, England	Under Construction	$26,000,000,000	Entire project to be completed by 2021.
M8 motorway (Scotland)	Glasgow, Scotland	Completed	£30,000,000	Most completed by 1980.

North America[edit]

The new Port Mann Bridge with the old bridge fully demolished.

Canada[edit]

Project	City/Province	Status	Cost	Notes
Southwest Calgary Ring Road	Calgary, Alberta	Under Construction	$5,000,000,000+	"...extend from Lott Creek Boulevard on Glenmore Trail/Highway 8 south to Macleod Trail (Highway 2A) and is approximately 21 kilometres long."^[114] Set for Completion in Fall 2022.
West Calgary Ring Road	Calgary, Alberta	Under Construction	$1,000,000,000+	Set for Completion in 2021.
Calgary LRT Expansion	Calgary, Alberta	Under Construction	$4,500,000,000+	Set for Completion in 2026.
Crowchild Trail Upgrades	Calgary, Alberta	Under Construction	$3,000,000,000+	Set for Completion in 2030
New Champlain Bridge Corridor Project	Montréal to Brossard, Québec	Completed	$4,239,000,000	Construction completed 2019 with the full opening of the Samuel-de-Champlain Bridge by July 2019. Shortly after the opening, the old Champlain Bridge will start to be demolished at a cost of about $400,000,000 and take 4 years to complete.
Réseau express métropolitain	Montréal, Québec	Under Construction	$6,300,000,000	Set for Completion in 2023.^[114]
Gordie Howe International Bridge	Windsor, Ontario	Under Construction	$5,700,000,000	International cable stayed bridge over Detroit river between Canada and United States. Set for completion in 2024.
Confederation Bridge	The Maritimes, Prince Edward Island	Completed	$1,300,000,000	The 12.9 km bridge is the longest bridge in the world crossing ice-covered water.
Line 5 Eglinton	Toronto, Ontario	Under Construction	$9,100,000,000	Set for Completion in 2023.^[114]
Port Mann Bridge	Vancouver, British Columbia	Completed	$1,930,000,000	The widest bridge in the world (until the Bay Bridge's east span recently opened), the bridge east of Vancouver, B.C., which opened in 2012, remains the second-longest bridge in North America. The cable-stay bridge uses an impressive 288 cables to reach a total bridge length of 6,866 feet.
Confederation Line	Ottawa, Ontario	Completed	$2,100,000,000	The largest project in Ottawa since the Rideau Canal. Opened in September 2019^[115] (Phase 1).

Baluarte Bridge under construction, 10 March 2012

Mexico[edit]

Project	City/State	Status	Cost	Notes
Durango-Mazatlán Highway	Durango-Sinaloa	Completed	$1,400,000,000	Construction in 2008 and was completed in 2012. Upon this projects completion, President Felipe Calderón received a Guinness record certifying that the Baluarte Bicentennial Bridge is the highest suspension bridge in western Mexico.
New International Airport for Mexico City	Mexico City	Cancelled	$13,300,000,000	After taking office, President Andrés Manuel López Obrador, cancelled this mega-project at Texcoco in favor of a "metropolitan airport system", which keeps the Benito Juárez International Airport (with 2 Runways) from being decommissioned and adds the now under construction Felipe Ángeles Airport (with 3 Runways) as well as Toluca International Airport (with 2 Runways).
Felipe Ángeles Airport	Mexico City	Under Construction	$7,100,000,000	Being built at the Santa Lucía Air Force Base north of Mexico City and named after Mexican General Felipe Ángeles Ramírez

Boston's highway system before and after the Central Artery/Tunnel Project

The completed replacement and the old eastern span of the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge (2013)

The Evergreen Point Floating Bridge viewed from the east end in Medina shortly after opening in April 2016

United States[edit]

Project	City/State	Status	Cost	Notes
Project Connect	Austin, Texas	Under Construction	$7,100,000,000	Project Connect is a public transit expansion in Austin, adding the Blue and Orange light rail lines, the Green commuter rail line, and the Gold bus rapid transit line along with other network improvements.^[116] The project started construction in 2021 and is expected to be complete by 2034.^[117]
Big Dig	Boston, Massachusetts	Completed	$14,600,000,000	Estimated to cost $24.3 billion after interest.
C.R.E.A.T.E.	Chicago, Illinois	Under Construction	$4,600,000,000	C.R.E.A.T.E. is a railway improvement project in Chicago.^[118] Completion of the entire project is expected to occur sometime in 2025.
O'Hare Modernization	Chicago, Illinois	Under Construction	$8,800,000,000	Construction began in 2001 with an initial cost of $6.6 billion, however, over the last few years, additions to the Modernization Plan brought on by the Chicago City Council's approval on new leases to American and United has increased to the cost by $2.2 billion, which will include a new terminal where Terminal 2 now, sits as well as two more remote concourses. The completion of the O'Hare Modernization is expected to occur sometime in 2026.
Gordie Howe International Bridge	Detroit, Michigan-Windsor, Ontario, Canada	Under Construction	$5,700,000,000	The project was first proposed in 2004. Construction started in 2018 and is expected to be completed in 2024. The Windsor-Detroit crossing is the busiest crossing between the US and Canada and is currently handled by the Ambassador Bridge, the Windsor-Detroit Tunnel and the Michigan Central Railway Tunnel. The Gordie Howe Bridge will add needed capacity to these crossings.
Crescent Corridor Expansion	Eastern Coast States-East South Central States-Gulf Coast States	Under Construction	$2,500,000,000	The freight rail company Norfolk Southern will utilize special intermodal trains on its freight rail network running from New York to Louisiana. This project covers 4023 km (2,500 miles) and thirteen states, and is expected to be fully developed by 2020."^[119]
California High-Speed Rail	Los Angeles-San Francisco, California	Under Construction	$70,000,000,000	A 1300 km (808 miles) high-speed rail system is expected to be Completed in phases up to 2030. Currently some of the funding is being held up in Congress by lack of agreement between Democrats and Republicans.
Los Angeles International Airport	Los Angeles, California	Under Construction	$14,000,000,000
Ohio River Bridges Project	Louisville, Kentucky	Completed	$2,300,000,000^[120]	A Louisville metropolitan area transportation project involving the reconstruction of the Kennedy Interchange (locally known as "Spaghetti Junction"), the completion of two new Ohio River bridges and the reconstruction of ramps on Interstate 65 between Muhammad Ali Boulevard and downtown.
Second Avenue Subway Project	Manhattan, New York City, New York	Under Construction	$17,000,000,000	The proposed full line would be 13.7 km (8.5 miles) long with 16 stations and a projected ridership of 560,000 people. Phase 1 of the project, which runs from 96th Street to 57th Street and 7th Avenue, opened 1 January 2017. Other phases of the project are either under development or are under construction.
Newark Airport Terminal One	Newark, New Jersey	Under Construction	$2,300,000,000	A redevelopment plan to build a new Terminal A to replace the existing, which opened in 1973. The new terminal will be called Terminal One. It will include a new parking garage, 33 gates, and a walkway to connect the Airtrain station, parking garage, and terminal. It is expected to be completed by 2022.
LaGuardia Airport Project	Queens, New York City, New York	Under Construction	$8,000,000,000	A complete retrofit of the entire airport slated to be completed by 2022.
JFK Airport Redevelopment	Queens, New York City, New York	Under Construction	$17,000,000,000	Plan to rebuild passenger facilities and approaches to JFK Airport. Two new international terminals would be added. The redevelopment construction of JFK Airport began on 7 January 2020. Also, "on February 11, 2020, Cuomo and the Port Authority, alongside with Delta Air Lines, announced a $3.8 billion plan to add sixteen domestic gates to the 'A' side of Terminal 4," bring the total cost to almost $17 billion.
San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge Eastern Span	San Francisco-Oakland, California	Completed	$6,400,000,000	The Eastern span replacement of the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge began in 2002 and was Completed in 2013. Currently the Old East Span is being deconstructed and removed for recycling while the foundations are being demolished with explosives or converted for other uses.
San Francisco International Airport Redevelopment	San Francisco, California	Under Construction	$2,400,000,000	The airport began a multiphase renovation project in June 2016, which will see Terminal 1 be transformed into a world-class, environment-friendly passenger facility when Completed in 2024.
Alaskan Way Viaduct replacement tunnel	Seattle, Washington	Completed	$3,100,000,000	South-End Viaduct replacement started in 2008 and was completed in 2014. The SR 99 Tunnel started work in 2011, and is set for completion in 2021. Mitigation Projects started work in 2008, and are set for completion in 2019. Other miscellaneous projects started in 2007 and are set for completion in 2023.
The Puget Sound Gateway Program	Washington	Under Construction	$1,960,000,000	This project has been in planning phases since 1990, and includes the completion of SR 167 between Puyallup and Tacoma, as well as completion of SR 509 from I-5 to Burien.
Evergreen Point Floating Bridge (2016)	Seattle, Washington	Completed	$4,560,000,000	This 2,350m (7,710 ft) long floating bridge is the longest of its type in the world. The new SR 520 bridge replaced the previous record-holder, the original Evergreen Point Floating Bridge across Lake Washington, connecting Seattle to points east. The new structure, rising 6.1 m (20 ft) above the water, opened to traffic in spring 2016.
Sound Transit 3	Seattle, Washington	Under Construction	$50,000,000,000	This project is to expand the current Light Rail and Bus system currently in use in Seattle, which is to be completed in stages from 2020 until 2041.
Silver Line (Washington Metro)	Washington, D.C.	Under Construction	$6,800,000,000	Phase 1 on the project was planned to link the Capital to Dulles International Airport and to four edge cities: Tysons, Reston, Herndon, and Ashburn. This phase completed and was opened to the general public on 26 July 2014. Phase 2 is set to help with urban development of Tysons and reduce overall reliance on highway traffic in the business district, Virginia's largest and 12th-largest in the country. This project is set to be completed by 2020.
Interstate Highway System	Nationwide	Completed	$500,000,000	Began in 1956, and was completed 62 years later

Oceania[edit]

Australia[edit]

Project	City/Province	Status	Cost	Notes
Cross River Rail	Brisbane, Queensland	Under Construction	$5,400,000,000	To be completed in 2024. The crossing will be a tunnel under the river, and the first rail-only Brisbane River crossing since the completion of the Merivale Bridge in 1978.^[121]
OneSKY	Canberra, ACT	Under Development	$2,000,000,000	To be completed in 2024. National Air Traffic Control System Australia.^[122]
Metro Tunnel	Melbourne, Victoria	Under Construction	$11,000,000,000	To be completed late 2025. The line will run from South Kensington, underground via North Melbourne, Parkville, CBD, Domain and South Yarra. It will include a tunnel under the Yarra River.
North East Link	Melbourne, Victoria	Under Development	$15,000,000.00	To be completed late 2027. This project will connect the M80 Ring Road to the Eastern Freeway.
Suburban Rail Loop	Melbourne, Victoria	Proposed	$50,000,000,000	To be completed in 2050. The line will run from Cheltenham to Werribee in an orbital loop circling the suburbs of Melbourne. Proposed to be completed in 4 stages^[123]
Central Station to Eveleigh Redevelopment	Sydney, New South Wales	Proposed	$10,000,000,000	Extension of Sydney's CBD. The renewal corridor approximately 3 km in length.^[124]
Sydney Metro City & Southwest	Sydney, New South Wales	Under Construction	$12,000,000,000	30 km (19 mi) rapid transit railway line. Planned to open by 2024.^[125]

Planned cities and urban renewal projects[edit]

Infrastructure systems that include electricity, sewer, telecommunications, and transportation. Building cities that include Skyscrapers, housing, etc. requires concrete, steel, glass, and most especially that workers in all the trades to undertaker the massive scale of these megaprojects.

Africa[edit]

Eastern Africa[edit]

Kenya[edit]

Project	City/Country	Status	Cost	Notes
Konza Technology City	Konza	Under Construction	$14,500,000,000

Northern Africa[edit]

Egypt[edit]

Project	City/Governorate	Status	Cost	Notes
Madinaty	Cairo Governorate	Under Construction	$10,000,000,000	Housing project.^[126]
Proposed new capital of Egypt	Cairo Governorate	Under Construction	$250,000,000,000	Construction began in 2015 and is spread out into three phases with Phase 1 expected to be completed sometime in 2022. The full project is expected to be fully Completed by 2050, housing a population of 6,500,000 people.
New Mansoura City	Cairo Governorate	Under Construction	$3,700,000,000	Construction began in 2017.
New Alamein City	Matrouh Governorate	Under Construction	$60,000,000,000	Construction began in 2015 spread out over 3 phases.
Galala City	Suez Governorate	Under Construction	$63,000,000,000	Construction began in March–April 2018 spread out in phases with the 1st phase set for completion in June 2020.^[127]

Southern Africa[edit]

South Africa[edit]

Project	City/Country	Status	Cost	Notes
Modderfontein New City — New Gauteng City	South Africa	Abandoned^[128]	$7,800,000,000	Modderfontein infrastructure development of residential, industrial and commercial space by Chinese developer Shanghai Zendai. Start dated 2015 completion dated 15 to 20 years later.^[129]^[130]

Western Africa[edit]

Abuja, FCT in Nigeria, which was built mainly in the 1980s, was the fastest growing city in the world between 2000 and 2010, with an increase of 139.7%, and still expanding rapidly.^[131]

Nigeria[edit]

Project	City/State	Status	Cost	Notes
Abuja	FCT	Completed		The planned capital city of Nigeria, which was built mainly in the 1980s. It officially became Nigeria's capital on 12 December 1991, replacing Lagos, and has since witnessed a huge influx of people into the city. As at 2006, the city of Abuja had a population of 776,298, making it one of the ten most populous cities in Nigeria, with an estimated metropolitan population of well over three million. Abuja is currently amongst the four largest urban areas in Nigeria.^[132]
Asokoro Island^[133]	Abuja, FCT	Under Construction	$1,000,000,000	A peninsula development located in Asokoro district, in Abuja. The mixed-use development is approximately 60 hectares of land, located at the shores of Pendam Lake. Its residential development ranges from apartment buildings to villas. They are majorly luxury properties with private balconies, mezzanines, floor-to-ceiling windows, swimming pool and sun terrace etc. The commercial and work section presents hotels, offices, shopping malls, business and primary schools.^[134]
Centenary City	Abuja, FCT	Under Construction	$18,000,000,000	Project by the Nigerian Government, Eagle Hills of Abu Dhabi and Julius Berger Nigeria PLC to build a smart city to mark the country's centennial anniversary. Project broke ground on 19 June 2014 and has an anticipated timeline of 10 to 15 years to completion. The city, which is located in the Federal Capital Territory, anticipates over 400,000 residents.^[135]
Eko Atlantic	Lagos State	Under Construction	$6,000,000,000	A planned city of Lagos State, Nigeria, being constructed on land reclaimed from the Atlantic Ocean. The project broke ground in 2007 and is being spearheaded by South Energyx Nigeria Ltd. Upon completion the project anticipates at least 250,000 residents and an additional daily flow of 150,000 commuters.^[136]
FESTAC Phase 2	Lagos, Lagos State	Under Development	$2,400,000,000	In 2014, The Ministry of Housing and Urban Development signed deal with the New Festac Property Development Company, to develop the second phase of Festac Town. Since the award, the company has been carrying out extensive preliminary project development activities including surveys, field studies, site investigation, environmental impact assessment, and town planning for the project.^[137]
Lekki	Lagos State	Under Construction		A peninsula city which is 755 square kilometres. Lekki Phase 1 has been completed and it currently houses several Estates and gated residential developments; other phases of the project include, areas allocated for a Free Trade Zone, with an airport, and a sea port under construction. The proposed land use master plan for the Lekki envisages the Peninsula as a "Blue-Green Environment City", expected to accommodate well over 3.4 million residential population and an additional non-residential population of at least 1.9 million.^[138]

Asia[edit]

East Asia[edit]

China[edit]

TODTOWN under Construction in July 2019.

Project	City/Country	Status	Cost	Notes
Todtown	Shanghai	Under Construction	$1,500,000,000	A mixed-use development. Started construction in 2014 and is set for completion in 2022.

Japan[edit]

Project	City/Country	Status	Cost	Notes
Roppongi Hills	Tokyo	Completed	$4,000,000,000	One of Japan's largest integrated property developments.
Sky Mile Tower	Tokyo	Proposed	UNKNOWN	If built, completion would probably be in the year 2045 and stand at 1.7 km in height with a capacity of around 55,000 people.

South Asia[edit]

Navi Mumbai, the world's largest planned city.

India[edit]

Project	City/Country	Status	Cost	Notes
Amritsar-Kolkata Industrial Corridor	Area from Amritsar to Kolkata, India	Proposed
Bengaluru-Mumbai Economic Corridor	Area from Bengaluru to Mumbai, India	Proposed
Chennai-Bengaluru Industrial Corridor	Area from Chennai to Bengaluru, India	Proposed
Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor	Area from Delhi to Mumbai, India	Under Construction	$90,000,000,000	Conceived as a global manufacturing and trading hub, the project is expected to double employment potential, triple industrial output and quadruple exports from the region in five years. The total employment to be generated from the project is 3 million, the bulk of which will be in the manufacturing/processing sectors. The project initially aims to create seven smart cities distributed along the backbone of the dedicated freight corridor between Delhi and Mumbai. Completion of the Corridor is expected for 2037.
Navi Mumbai	India	Under Construction	$13,346,000,000	World's largest planned city. Contains a population of 2.6 million.^[139]
Gujarat International Finance Tec-City	India	Operational	$20,000,000,000	The smart city is being built as a global financial hub to provide world class infrastructure for the Indian financial industry to grow.^[140] It aims to outclass France's La Défense, Tokyo's Shinjuku and London's London Docklands in every aspect.^[141]
Vizag-Chennai Industrial Corridor	Area from Vizag to Chennai, India	Proposed

Pakistan[edit]

Project	City/Country	Status	Cost	Notes
Islamabad	Islamabad	Completed		The new capital city of Pakistan. A planned city located on north of Rawalpindi. The city has population of 2.2 million.^[142]
Bahria Town	Karachi	Under Development	$1,000,000,000	Bahria Town Karachi is a planned community near Pakistan's largest port city Karachi.^[143]
DHA City, Karachi (DCK)	Karachi	Under Development		To be built on a 4,700 hectares piece of land located several kilometres northeast of Karachi.^[144] Upon completion, the new city which is still under development is anticipating at least 250,000 residents and a daily flow of 50,000 commuters.^[145]
Crescent Bay	Karachi	Under Development	$2,400,000,000	Covering 440,000 meters, Crescent Bay is one of the biggest projects in Pakistan. It is a mixed-use oceanfront development in Karachi. It features multiple high rise buildings, shopping malls, 5-star hotels, and mosques. The project is managed by Emaar properties who built the Burj Khalifa complex in Dubai. This project is one of the most modern projects ever built in Pakistan.
Gwadar Port City	Gwadar	Under Development	$62,000,000,000	A future mega city which is in progress under CPEC.It is located in Balochistan province of Pakistan.
Port Tower Complex	Karachi	Under Development	$350,000,000	A 593m tall skyscraper situated at Karachi Port Trust. The building will be located on a man-made island with other skyscrapers. It will be located along the Mai Kolachi Bypass. Once completed, it will be the tallest building in South Asia.
Bahria Paradise	Karachi	Under Development		A part of Bahria Town Karachi.
Ravi Riverfront Urban Development Project	Lahore	Under Development	$41,040,000,000	Sprawling over an area of 70,000 acres, the RRUDP entails high-quality residential, commercial, institutional, cultural and recreational zones along both sides of the river at a stretch of 33 km.^[146] The riverfront will be dotted with highrise condominiums, modern piers, boardwalks and 70 percent area dedicated to trees to make it environment friendly.^[147] Around 25,000 acres of riverfront would be sold to investors for business, cultural and lifestyle activities.^[148]
LDA City	Lahore	Under Development		LDA City is the biggest housing society project ever undertaken by LDA,^[149] and is the largest housing society in Punjab, Pakistan. The city is to be built on a 3,059 hectares (7560 acres) piece of virgin land located several kilometers south of Lahore.

Sri Lanka[edit]

Project	City/Country	Status	Cost	Notes
Colombo Port City	Colombo	Under Construction	$15,000,000,000	A planned offshore city in Colombo, Sri Lanka which is to be built on reclaimed land adjacent to the Galle Face Green. The city will use construction resources from the Colombo Harbour Expansion Project, currently under construction near the site of this proposed city.^[150] Set for Completion in 2041.

Southeast Asia[edit]

Indonesia[edit]

Project	City/Country	Status	Cost	Notes
BSD City	Greater Jakarta	Completed		An area half the size of Paris, BSD City encompasses an area of about 6000 hectares.
Lippo Cikarang	Greater Jakarta	Completed	$18,750,000,000	Lippo Cikarang is an industrial park with an area of 332 hectares, which also has apartment, hotel, office, shopping center, retail, school and university, hospital, convention center and other supporting facilities.
Pantai Indah Kapuk	Jakarta	Completed		Pantai Indah Kapuk (PIK) is a well-planned model town in North Jakarta, spreading over 1200 hectares of land.
Ancol Dreamland	Jakarta	Completed		Ancol Dreamland is an integrated tourism area in South East Asia with an area of about 600 hectares.

Malaysia[edit]

Project	City/District	Status	Cost	Notes
KL River City	Kuala Lumpur	In Development	$11,638,736,500	Rehabilitation project along the Gombak River.^[151]
Forest City	Johor Bahru	Under Construction	$100,000,000,000	To Be Completed in 2035.
Iskandar Malaysia	Johor Bahru	Under Construction	$100,000,000,000
Putrajaya	Putrajaya, Sepang District	Completed	$8,100,000,000	In 1999 most of the seats of government moved from Kuala Lumpur to Putrajaya.
Melaka Gateway	Malacca City	Under Construction	$40,000,000,000

Philippines[edit]

Project	City/Country	Status	Cost	Notes
Lancaster New City Zone 1 and Zone 2	Cavite	Under Construction		2,000 hectare planned community in Cavite
Nuvali	Laguna	Under Construction		2,290 hectare planned community in Santa Rosa, Laguna.
Entertainment City	Manila Bay	Under Development	$15,000,000,000	An entertainment complex which is intended to be the Philippine counterpart of Macau and Las Vegas. It is built upon reclaimed land along Manila Bay.
Eastwood City	Quezon City	Completed		A high-density mixed-use development.
Bonifacio Global City	Taguig	Completed		Previously occupied by the Philippine Army headquarters, it is currently one of Metro Manila's main central business districts.
New Clark City	Tarlac and Pampanga	Under Construction	$59,288,000,000	A 9,450-hectare planned city modeled after South Korea's Songdo City. Singapore's SSR C-Solar power plant will provide the city's power supply.

Middle East[edit]

Azerbaijan[edit]

Project	City/Country	Status	Cost	Notes
Khazar Islands	Azerbaijan	Under Construction	$100,000,000,000	Artificial archipelago 25 km (16 mi) south of Baku, Azerbaijan consisting of 41 islands spreading 3,000 hectares (about 11.6 sq mi) over the Caspian Sea. Expected to be finished by 2020–2025, and house a population of 1 million.

Iran[edit]

Project	City/Country	Status	Cost	Notes
Iran Mall	Tehran, Iran	Under Construction		The project spans more than 1.6 million square meters that includes shopping mall, two tower, two 5 star hotels, and a lake.^[152]

Iraq[edit]

Project	City/Country	Status	Cost	Notes
The Bride of the Gulf	Basra	Proposed		Basra is in the midst of rebuilding and is in need of something that will return it to its pre-Hussein period.

Jordan[edit]

Project	City/Country	Status	Cost	Notes
Abdali Project^[153]^[154]	Amman, Jordan	Under Construction	$5,000,000,000	Project is being developed on 384,000 square metres (0.148 sq mi) of land, intending to create a total built-up area of over 1,700,000 square metres (0.66 sq mi) consisting of hotels, apartments, offices, commercial outlets and entertainment.^[153]^[154]

Kuwait[edit]

Project	City/Country	Status	Cost	Notes
Madinat al-Hareer	Kuwait	Under Development	150-$632,000,000,000	Proposed 250 km2 (62,000-acre) planned urban area in Subiya, Kuwait an area just opposite Kuwait City across Kuwait Bay.

Qatar[edit]

Project	City/Country	Status	Cost	Notes
Lusail	Al Daayen Municipality	Under Development	$45,000,000,000	Planned to be a host city of the 2022 FIFA World Cup, planned population of 260,000 people

Saudi Arabia[edit]

Project	City/Country	Status	Cost	Notes
Jeddah Economic City	Jeddah	Under Construction	$20,000,000,000	Will host both commercial and residential development including homes, hotels, and offices. The centerpiece of the development project will be the $1.2 Billion Jeddah Tower, a tower planned to become the tallest in the world.
Masjid Al-Haram	Mecca	Under Construction	$100,000,000,000	The Saudi government is reportedly paying as high as 500,000 Saudi riyals (around $133,000) per square meter to the owners of the buildings close to the mosque in return for the expropriation. This brings the total figure to around $100 billion. Slated to Completed by 2020.
Neom (Neo-Mustaqbal)	Neom	In Development	$500,000,000,000	Saudi Arabia's most ambitious mega-city project ever, which is to build a new city in northwestern Saudi Arabia.^[155] At the core of this new city will be Artificial Intelligence.^[156]
King Abdullah Financial District	Riyadh	Under Construction	$78,000,000,000	About a fifth (Phase 1) of the project is completed.
King Abdullah Economic City	Saudi Arabia	Under Construction	$100,000,000,000	Currently in various stages of Construction and Completion stages.

The Burj Khalifa in October 2012.

United Arab Emirates[edit]

Project	City/Country	Status	Cost	Notes
Masdar City	Abu Dhabi	Under Construction	$22,000,000,000	The city will rely entirely on solar energy and other renewable energy sources, with a sustainable, zero-carbon, zero-waste ecology and will be a car free city.
Yas Island	Abu Dhabi	Under Development	$36,000,000,000	It occupies a total land area of 2,500 ha (25 km2), of which 1,700 ha will be claimed for development. The island holds the Yas Marina Circuit, which hosts the Formula One United Arab Emirates Grand Prix since 2009.
Burj Al Arab	Dubai	Completed	$1,000,000,000	Completed and Opened in 1999, it is the 3rd tallest hotel in the World.
Burj Khalifa	Dubai	Completed	$1,500,000,000	Originally call the Burj Dubai, the Burj Khalifa is currently the tallest building in the World and has held that title since its Completion and Grand Opening on 4 January 2010.
Dubai Meydan City	Dubai	Under Construction	$2,200,000,000	Expected Completion date about 2020.
Falconcity of Wonders	Dubai	Under Development	$36,500,000,000
Business Bay	Dubai	Under Development	$30,000,000,000	Comprises 240 high and low rise buildings, mostly residential and mixed use skyscrapers.
The World	Dubai	Under Development	$14,000,000,000	Artificial archipelago of various small islands constructed in the rough shape of a world map. Development has slowly restarted.
Palm Jumeirah	Dubai	Completed	$12,300,000,000	It is the world's largest man-made island.
Dubai Marina	Dubai	Completed		World's largest man-made marina, with 200 residential and hotel high rises.
Palm Jebel Ali	Dubai	On-Hold	$4,000,000,000	Will accommodate over 250,000 people by 2020.
Palm Deira	Dubai	On-Hold		Will be the largest palm island, in Dubai.
Dubai International City	Dubai	Under Construction	$95,000,000,000	A country-themed architecture of residences, business, and tourist attractions.
Jumeirah Garden City	Dubai	On-Hold	$95,000,000,000	Will be built across an area north of Sheikh Zayed Road between Diyafa Street and Safa Park.
Dubai Waterfront	Dubai	Under Development		Expected to become the largest waterfront and largest man-made development in the world.
Dubailand	Dubai	Under Construction	$64,300,000,000	Will be world's largest Retail and Entertainment World, twice the size of Walt Disney World Resort, it include 45 mega projects and 200 sub projects. Currently, there are 22 projects under development. Expected Completion Date about 2025.
The Universe	Dubai	On-Hold		A planned artificial archipelago in the shape of the Milky Way and Solar System.
The Tower	Dubai	Under Construction	$1,000,000,000	Located at Dubai Creek Harbour, The Tower will be a mixed-use skyscraper that will be a notch taller than the Burj Khalifa when Completed in 2020.
Mall of the World	Dubai	Under Construction	$6,806,425,500	To be located along the Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed Road and set to Open in 2029.

Eurasia[edit]

Republic of Turkey (Europe West and Asia East of the Bosphorus, the Sea of Marmara, and the Dardanelles)[edit]

Project	City/Country	Status	Cost	Notes
İstanbul Finance Center	İstanbul	Under Development	$5,000,000,000	Apart from the main urban renewal project of İstanbul. It will station in Ataşehir
Turkey Urban Renewal Project	Turkey	Under Development	$400,000,000,000^[157]^[158]	Renewals are being conducted all over Turkey but mainly on İstanbul^[159] as Law 6306 announced by Ministry of Environment and City Planning (Turkey).^[160] Fikirtepe, a neighborhood of Kadıköy has been chosen as pilot area for project.^[161] Construction started in 2012 and is expected to take 20 years to complete setting for 2032.

Russia (Europe West and Asia East of the Ural Mountains)[edit]

Project	City/Country	Status	Cost	Notes
Moscow International Business Center	Moscow	Under Construction	$12,000,000,000	Construction on Plots 1, 2–3, 4 (Tower 1) & (Tower 2), 6–8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, and 19 is completed. Construction on Plots 1 and 15 is in progress.
Lakhta Center	Lakhta, Saint Petersburg	Completed	$2,500,000,000	Replaces the Okhta Center, which was cancelled due to official objections of UNESCO World Heritage Committee.
Okhta Center	Saint Petersburg	Cancelled	$2,500,000,000	Never built, replaced by the new project Lakhta Center

Europe[edit]

France[edit]

Project	Commune	Status	Cost	Notes
La Défense (1958–2014)	Courbevoie Nanterre Puteaux	Completed	$10,000,000,000+	The Central Business District of the Paris Metropolitan area, La Défense provides France with a modern set of skyscrapers while Paris itself retains most of its original architecture and character.
La Défense (2016–Present)	Courbevoie Nanterre Puteaux	Under Construction	$1,000,000,000+	The Central Business District of the Paris Metropolitan area, La Défense provides France with a modern set of skyscrapers while Paris itself retains most of its original architecture and character. This current round of the project includes modernize, refurbish and green the area.
Europa City	Gonesse	Cancelled	$3,400,000,000	Construction began on the 8.6-million-square foot mixed-use development north of downtown in 2016 but was cancelled on 8 November 2019.

Germany[edit]

Project	City/Country	Status	Cost	Notes
Potsdamer Platz Redevelopment	Berlin	Completed		Project divided onto four parts in which four investors bids in turn.
HafenCity	Hamburg	Under Development		Completion expected in 2020–2030

Romania[edit]

Project	City/Country	Status	Cost	Notes
Esplanada City Center	Bucharest	Cancelled	$4,200,000,000

Spain[edit]

Project	City/Country	Status	Cost	Notes
Bilbao Renovation Project	Bilbao	Completed		In the 1990s, the city began a de-industrialisation process, which radically changed its image. After closing several factories and decontaminating the city's river, several mega projects were built. A whole new airport, designed by Spanish world-famous architect Santiago Calatrava, a metro system designed by British Lord Norman Foster, a recovery of the city's old fashioned tram network changed the city's public transport system. The Iberdrola Tower, which is Bilbao's tallest building, the Alhondiga, the Zubizuri bridge and several other significant buildings changed the city center's polluted past. The whole renovation process started because of the construction of The Guggenheim Museum Of Bilbao, the city's landmark and main museum.
CTBA – Madrid Financial District	Madrid	Completed	est. $1,000,000,000	A complex of four skyscrapers, each about 240 metres high, located on one of Madrid's most expensive avenue, La Castellana. The towers were built on Real Madrid's former Ciudad Deportiva, and were completed in 2008. The tallest building is Torre Cepsa, designed by world-famous architect Norman Foster, and has a height of 249 meters, making it Spain's tallest structure.
Madrid New North	Madrid	Approved	$10,550,000,000	Expansion of the existing Paseo de la Castellana. If completed as planned, it will include a business complex, 10,500 homes, and multiple skyscrapers.
Southeast developments	Madrid	Under construction	+$3,500,000,000	A strategy that aims to expand the city in the southeast of the city with the creation of six neighborhoods (Los cerros, Ensanche de Vallecas, Valdecarros, el Cañaveral, los Berrocales, los Ahijones) At the moment one of the neighborhoods is already built, another one is under construction, two other neighborhoods already have the ground ready, while the two remaining neighborhoods have nothing built. This strategy aims to create some 145,637 homes in the south of Madrid, of which 30,000 have been built so far. These developments would extend the surface of Madrid by 8.2% and could house more than 350,000 inhabitants. The entire strategy is not expected to be completed until 2040/2050.

Sweden[edit]

Project	City/Country	Status	Cost	Notes
Million Programme	All of the country	Completed	neighborhood of $5 bn	1965–1975
Movement of Kiruna Centrum	Kiruna	Under Development	$2,100,000,000	Entire project to be completed between 2020 and 2021.^[162]
Northvolt Gigafactory	Skellefteå & Västerås	Under Development	$4,700,000,000	Lithium ion battery factory.^[163]
Redevelopment of the Slussenområdet	Stockholm	Under Development	SEK12,000,000,000	"The construction of the New Slussen is one of the largest urban transformation projects in Sweden".^[164]

United Kingdom[edit]

Project	City/Country	Status	Cost (£)	Notes
Big City Plan	Birmingham, England	Under Construction	£12,750,000,000	Entire project to be completed sometime in the 2030s.
Battersea Power Station	London, England	Under Construction	£13,250,000,000	Entire project to be completed by 2025.
Embassy Gardens	London, England	Completed	£2,100,000,000	Completed in Spring to Summer 2019.
Greenwich Peninsula	London, England	Under Construction	£8,000,000,000	Entire project to be completed by the 2030s.
Pilgrim Street East	Newcastle upon Tyne, England	Under Construction	+£400,000,000	Entire project to be completed by 2025.
Royal Wharf	London, England	Under Construction	£3,100,000,000	To be Completed sometime in 2020.
Stratford City	London, England	Under Construction	£3,500,000,000	Entire project to be completed by 2020.
Wembley Park	London, England	Under Construction	£1,100,000,000	Entire project to be completed by 2024, the project has garnered $1.1 billion in funding so far.

North America[edit]

Verclaire Gate South in Downtown Markham.

Canada[edit]

Project	City/Country	Status	Cost	Notes
Downtown Markham	Markham, Ontario	Under Construction	$4,000,000,000	One of the many city center projects in York Region. Scheduled for Completion in 2025.

Mexico[edit]

Project	City/Country	Status	Cost	Notes
Cancún	Quintana Roo	Completed		One of the largest tourist destinations in North America
Santa Fe, Mexico City	Mexico City	Completed

Brickell Key in Miami.

Las Vegas CityCenter, the largest set of resorts in the largest gambling center in the world.

Battery Park City

United States[edit]

Project	Borough/County/City/State	Status	Cost	Notes
Port Covington	Baltimore, Maryland	Under Construction	$5,500,000,000	Groundbreaking began June 2019. Expected to be Completed by 2040.
Pacific Park	Brooklyn, New York City, New York	Under Construction	$8,000,000,000	The project's centerpiece, Barclays Center, opened in September 2012. The project name Atlantic Yards has been renamed Pacific Park, Brooklyn. The Project is expected to be Completed by 2025 at the earliest.
Lincoln Yards Project	Chicago, Illinois	Approved	$6,000,000,000	The development of 55 acres of riverfront land in Chicago.
Vista Tower Project	Chicago, Illinois	Under Construction	$1,000,000,000	Set for Completion in 2020. Tallest structure designed by a woman.
Brickell Key	Claughton Island, Miami, Florida	Completed	$2,000,000,000+	A man-made island called Claughton Island^[165] off the mainland Brickell neighborhood of Miami, Florida.
Apple Park	Cupertino, California	Completed	$3,000,000,000+	The "spaceship", as it is nicknamed, is Apple's new flagship headquarters (formally named Apple Campus 2). Taking the shape of a giant ring, it is expected to house over 14,000 employees. It was completed and opened in April 2017.
Encore Boston Harbor	Everett, Massachusetts	Completed	$2,500,000,000	Opened in 2019, the casino resort property is the largest single private development in Massachusetts history.
Generation Park	Houston, Texas	Under Construction	$10,000,000,000+	A 4,200 acre privately owned and master-planned commercial development 20-minutes from Downtown Houston. The project broke ground in 2014 with TechnipFMC's 173-acre corporate campus.^[166] Generation Park is owned and developed by McCord.
CityCenter	Las Vegas, Nevada	Completed	$11,000,000,000	The largest privately financed development in the United States.
Wilshire Grand Center	Los Angeles, California	Completed	$1,200,000,000	Opened on 23 June 2017. It is the tallest building in Los Angeles, the tallest building in California, and the tallest building west of the Mississippi at a height of 1,100 feet.
Riverside South	Manhattan, New York City, New York	Under Construction	$3,000,000,000	An urban development project in the Lincoln Square neighborhood of the Upper West Side of Manhattan, New York City.
Battery Park City	Manhattan, New York City, New York	Completed	$1,400,000,000+	Mainly a residential 92-acre (37 ha) planned community at the southwestern tip of the island of Manhattan in New York City, New York, United States, more than 1⁄3 of which is parkland.^[167]
Cornell Tech Campus	Manhattan, New York City, New York	Under Construction	$2,000,000,000	Construction began in 2014 on the South end of Roosevelt Island. The first of three phases is set to be completed in stages between 2017 and 2019 and Phase 2 to be Completed sometime later.
Hudson Yards Redevelopment Project	Manhattan, New York City, New York	Under Construction	$20,000,000,000	A mixed-use real estate development currently being built over the 28-acre West Side Rail Yard.
Rebuilding of the World Trade Center	Manhattan, New York City, New York	Re-Construction In Progress	$32,000,000,000^[168]	Recovery from the September 11 attacks. One, Three, Four, and Seven World Trade Center Towers completed 2006–2018. Two, Five, and Six World Trade Center Towers are either in development, currently on hold, or will never be rebuilt.
53W53	Manhattan, New York City, New York	Completed	$1,200,000,000	Formerly the Tower Verre is a Supertall Skyscraper with a Museum and Residential Condominiums. Completed in 2019^[169]
Brickell City Centre	Miami, Florida	Construction in Progress	$1,050,000,000	A shopping and mixed-use project that will span up to give blocks in the Brickell district of Downtown Miami. Currently consists of three towers each just over 500 feet and is proposed to add One Brickell City Centre, an 80-story, 1049 ft skyscraper.
Miami Worldcenter	Miami, Florida	Construction in Progress	$4,000,000,000	A large mixed-use development of over 25 acres of land on the north side of Downtown Miami. Eventually will include lots of shopping, apartment buildings, hotels, office buildings, and even a convention center. Though not much has been built as of yet, one notable building is Paramount Miami Worldcenter, which stands at 700 ft tall.
Comcast Technology Center	Philadelphia, Pennsylvania	Completed	$1,500,000,000	Ninth-tallest building in the Western Hemisphere as well as the tallest building in the Western Hemisphere outside of Manhattan and Chicago at a height of 1,121 feet, which opened in 2018.
Shell Pennsylvania Petrochemicals Complex	Potter Township, Beaver County, Pennsylvania	Under Construction	$6,000,000,000	Commencing in 2017, the cracker plant currently holds over 3,000 construction jobs, and will have 600 permanent jobs when the plant is completed. It will produce over 1.6 million tonnes of ethylene per year.
Gigafactory 1	Reno, Nevada	Under Construction	$5,000,000,000	6.3 Blocks (30%) of the total 21 Blocks of the factory Completed and the remaining 14.7 Blocks to be completed by 2020.
The Transbay Redevelopment Area	San Francisco, California	Under Construction	$4,500,000,000	The redevelopment of began in June 2005 and is expected to be fully Completed around 2030, includes a new Transbay Transit Center and the newly opened Salesforce Tower. The Salesforce Tower is a 1,070-foot Supertall Office Skyscraper just completed in the South of Market district of downtown San Francisco at a cost of $1,100,000,000.
San Francisco Shipyard and Candlestick Redevelopment	San Francisco, California	Under Construction	$8,000,000,000	Set to be Completed sometime after 2028.
SDSU Mission Valley	San Diego, California	Under Construction	$3,500,000,000	A non-contiguous expansion parcel of the San Diego State University campus occupying the former site of San Diego Stadium. While the complex will include housing, educational infrastructure, office and retail space, hotels, and parks, the centerpiece will be Aztec Stadium, scheduled to open in 2022 as the new home of SDSU football. The entire project is planned to be completed some time in the early 2030s.
Treasure Island Redevelopment	San Francisco, California	In Development	$6,000,000,000	Set to be completed by 2028.
The Mission Bay Redevelopment	San Francisco, California	Under Construction	$1,000,000,000
Parkmerced	San Francisco, California	Under Construction	$1,350,000,000	Expected to be Completed by 2035.
Washington State Convention Center	Seattle, Washington	Under Construction	$1,600,000,000	This expansion project is expected to be Completed in 2020.
Sasol Ethane Cracker Complex Project	Westlake-Mossville-Lake Charles, Calcasieu Parish, Louisiana	Under Construction	$8,900,000,000	Large-scale petrochemical complex in Southwestern Louisiana.

Oceania[edit]

Australia[edit]

Project	City/Country	Status	Cost	Notes
Queen's Wharf, Brisbane	Brisbane, Queensland	Under Construction	$3,000,000,000	Integrated Resort Development located on the north bank of the Brisbane River in the Brisbane central business district. Entire project to be completed by 2024.^[170]
Barangaroo	Sydney, New South Wales	Under Construction	$6,000,000,000	Entire project to be completed by 2023
Victorian Desalination Plant	Williamsons Beach, Dalyston-Wonthaggi, Bass Coast Shire, Victoria	Completed	$4,000,000,000	Built to provide more drinking water to Melbourne because in the mid-2000s the city's water reserves were at 28% of capacity.

New Zealand[edit]

Project	City/Country	Status	Cost	Notes
Rebuilding of Christchurch	New Zealand	Re-Construction In Progress	$17,000,000,000	Recovery from earthquakes in 2010–2011. Rebuild of central business district, demolition and remediation of several residential neighbourhoods now deemed unsuitable for building. Infrastructure upgrades and addition of commuter rail. Entire project to be completed by 2020.

South America[edit]

Brazil[edit]

Project	City/Country	Status	Cost	Notes
Brasília	Brasília	Completed	$21,900,000,000	At the close of the 20th century, Brasília was the largest city in the world which had not existed at the beginning of the century.^[171] Construction cost for Brasília in 1957 was about $2.5 Billion.^[172]

Colombia[edit]

Project	City/Country	Status	Cost	Notes
Bogota Urban Renewal	Bogota	Under Development	$50,000,000,000	Includes building over 60 skyscrapers, 500 highrises, 3 new CBDs, a subway system, and a smart city near Usaquén.^{[citation needed]}

Water-related[edit]

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (May 2017)

Ports, waterways, canals, and locks for Passenger Ships and Cargo Ships carrying passengers and cargo from country to country and islands nations are built as megaprojects

Africa[edit]

Eastern Africa[edit]

Ethiopia[edit]

Project	City/Country	Status	Cost	Notes
Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam	Benishangul-Gumuz Region	Under Construction	$4,800,000,000	The dam is located on the Blue Nile River in Ethiopia. Construction began in 2011 and is expected to be completed sometime between 2020 and 2022.

Kenya[edit]

Project	City/Country	Status	Cost	Notes
LAPSSET Corridor Program	Lamu	Under Construction	$13,000,000,000

Tanzania[edit]

Project	City/Country	Status	Cost	Notes
Bagamoyo Port	Bagamoyo	Under Construction	$10,000,000,000

Northern Africa[edit]

Old and New Suez Canal

Egypt[edit]

Project	Province(s)	Status	Cost	Notes
New Suez Canal	Ismailia and Suez	Completed	$8,400,000,000	In August 2014, work started on expanding the Suez Canal, dubbed the "New Suez Canal" was completed and opened on 6 August 2015.
Suez Canal	Ismailia and Suez	Completed	$1,725,950,238.22	A man-made canal that connects the Mediterranean Sea with the Red Sea cost $100 million in 1869.

Western Africa[edit]

Nigeria[edit]

Project	City/State	Status	Cost	Notes
Badagry Deep Sea Port	Badagry, Lagos State	Under Construction	$2,300,000,000	Construction started in January 2016, and the project is expected to have a "soft Launch" in 2018.^[173]^[174]
Lekki Port	Lekki, Lagos State	Under Construction	$1,650,000,000	The Port at Lekki is a new seaport in Lekki, and construction commenced in 2015. The port is planned to be developed in phases to meet the growing demand; phase one opened in 2018.^[175] The port is financed by private investors and a consortium of banks who have funded the project with $1.65 billion so far.^[176]

Asia[edit]

East Asia[edit]

China[edit]

Project	City/District/Province	Status	Cost	Notes
Three Gorges Dam	Sandouping, Yiling District, Yichang, Hubei Province	Completed	$59,000,000,000	The Yangtze River Project began in 1994 and was Completed in 2003.
South–North Water Transfer Project	South to North China	Under Construction	$79,000,000,000^[177]	No timeline to indicate a completion date of this project and no telling how much more the project will cost.

Japan[edit]

Project	City/Country	Status	Cost	Notes
Kamaishi Tsunami Protection Breakwater	Kamaishi, Iwate	Completed	$1,500,000,000	Completed in March 2009, it soon became the tsunami barrier that failed to protect Kamaishi during the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami.

South Asia[edit]

Sri Lanka[edit]

Project	City/Country	Status	Cost	Notes
Colombo Harbour Expansion Project	Colombo	Completed	$1,200,000,000	Construction began in 2008 and completely finished on 8 August 2013.

India[edit]

Sagarmala Project- The Sagarmala Programme is an initiative by the government of India to enhance the performance of the country's logistics sector. The programme envisages unlocking the potential of waterways and the coastline to minimize infrastructural investments required to meet these targets.[1][2] It entails investing Rs. 8.5 trillion (2018) to set up new mega ports, modernizing India's existing ports, developing of 14 Coastal Economic Zones (CEZs) and Coastal Economic Units, enhancing port connectivity via road, rail, multi-modal logistics parks, pipelines & waterways and promoting coastal community development, with the aim of boosting merchandise exports by US$110 billion and generating around 10,000,000 direct and indirect jobs. Six megaports are planned in Sagarmala project.^[178]

S.No.	Location	State	Status
1.	Sagar Island	West Bengal	DPR under preparation
2.	Paradip Outer Harbour	Odisha	DPR under preparation.
3.	Sirkazhi	Tamil Nadu	Techno Economic Feasibility Report(TEFR) prepared.
4.	Kanniyakumari	Tamil Nadu	Major Transhipment Port at Kanniyakumari. SPV formed for the purpose - March 2019.
5.	Belikeri	Karnataka	Techno Economic Feasibility Report (TEFR) prepared.
6.	Vadhavan	Maharashtra	DPR under preparation.

Middle East[edit]

Israel[edit]

Project	City/Country	Status	Cost	Notes
National Water Carrier of Israel		Completed	~$1,100,000,000	Completed in 1956

United Arab Emirates[edit]

Project	City/Country	Status	Cost	Notes
Dubai Marina	Dubai	Completed		World's largest man-made marina, with 200 residential and hotel high rises.
Dubai Waterfront	Dubai	Suspended		Expected to become the largest waterfront and largest man-made development in the world.

Caribbean[edit]

Cuba[edit]

Project	City/Province(s)	Status	Cost	Notes
New Port of Mariel Development Project	Mariel, Artemisa	Completed	$900,000,000^[179]

Central America[edit]

Nicaragua[edit]

Project	City/Province(s)	Status	Cost	Notes
Nicaragua Canal		Proposed	est. $100,000,000,000	Formally the Nicaraguan Canal and Development Project (also referred to as the Nicaragua Grand Canal, or the Grand Interoceanic Canal) is a planned shipping route through Nicaragua to connect the Caribbean Sea (and therefore the Atlantic Ocean) with the Pacific Ocean. Its viability has been questioned by shipping experts and engineers^[180]

New Panama Canal expansion project. July 2015

Panama[edit]

Project	Province(s)	Status	Cost	Notes
Panama Canal	Colón Province and Panamá Province	Completed	$8,961,664,698.46	Originally constructed by the United States for about $360 million. Opened on 15 August 1914 with a series of locks, canals, and lakes which connect ships traveling between the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean.
Panama Canal Expansion	Colón Province and Panamá Province	Completed	$5,250,000,000	The Expansion Opened 26 June 2016.

Europe[edit]

Netherlands[edit]

Project	City/Country	Status	Cost	Notes
Zuiderzee Works	Central	Completed		A man-made system of dams and dikes, land reclamation and water drainage work, in total the largest hydraulic engineering project undertaken by the Netherlands during the twentieth century.
Delta Works	Southwest Middelburg to Dordrecht	Completed	$13,000,000,000	A series of construction projects in the southwest of the Netherlands to protect a large area of land around the Rhine-Meuse-Scheldt delta from the sea. The project was proposed after the North Sea Flood of 1953.

North America[edit]

Canada[edit]

Project	City/Province	Status	Cost	Notes
Rideau Canal	Kingston to Ottawa	Completed	£822,804 (January 1834)	A 202 km waterway opened in 1832 to provide a secure supply and communications route between Montreal and the British naval base in Kingston.

Mexico[edit]

Project	City/State	Status	Cost	Notes
Port of Veracruz Expansion	Veracruz	Under Construction	$5,000,000,000
Dos Bocas Refinery	Tabasco	Under Construction

United States[edit]

Project	City/State	Status	Cost	Notes
Intracoastal Waterway	Boston, Massachusetts to Brownsville, Texas	Completed		A 3,000-mile (4,800 km) inland waterway along the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts of the United States, running from Boston, Massachusetts, southward along the Atlantic Seaboard and around the southern tip of Florida, then following the Gulf Coast to Brownsville, Texas.

South America[edit]

Brazil[edit]

Project	City/Country	Status	Cost	Notes
Porto Maravilha	Rio de Janeiro	Completed	$35,700,000,000	Entire project to be completed by 2015.

References[edit]

^ Altshuler, Alan; Luberoff, David (30 April 2003). Mega-Projects: The Changing Politics of Urban Public Investment. Brookings Institution Press. ISBN 978-0-8157-0129-3. Archived from the original on 18 January 2017. Retrieved 9 February 2016.
^ "Woman to build house out of 747". BBC News. 20 April 2006. Archived from the original on 27 August 2010. Retrieved 30 December 2010.
^ Sutter, Joe; Spenser, Jay (1 May 2007). 747: Creating the World's First Jumbo Jet and Other Adventures from a Life in Aviation. Collins. ISBN 978-0-06-088242-6.
^ Norris, G.; Thomas, G.; Wagner, M. & Forbes Smith, C. (2005). Boeing 787 Dreamliner – Flying Redefined. Aerospace Technical Publications International. ISBN 0-9752341-2-9.
^ Irving, Clive. Wide Body: The Triumph of the 747. New York: W. Morrow, 1993. ISBN 0-688-09902-5, pp. 189–190.
^ Garwood, Darrell. "Newest Air Force planes grounded". Archived 4 February 2016 at the Wayback Machine Times-News, 17 January 1970.
^ "B-2 Bomber: Cost and Operational Issues Letter Report, 14 August 1997, GAO/NSIAD-97-181". Archived 8 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine United States General Accounting Office (GAO). Retrieved: 13 September 2009.
^ Vidal, John (1 August 2019). "What should we do with radioactive nuclear waste?". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 1 August 2019. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
^ Dedaj, Paulina (3 July 2019). "Chernobyl's $1.7B nuclear confinement shelter revealed after taking 9 years to complete". Fox News. Archived from the original on 2 August 2019. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
^ "World's First Carbon Capture Power Plant Switches On". Climate Central. 5 October 2014. Archived from the original on 7 October 2014. Retrieved 7 October 2014.
^ "OL3 EPR's regular electricity generation starts in March 2021" (Press release). TVO. 19 December 2019. Archived from the original on 19 December 2019. Retrieved 19 December 2019.
^ "Kemper County: constructing the world's first IGCC with CCS" (PDF). KBR. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 October 2014. Retrieved 7 October 2014.
^ "Panamá inaugura su primera planta de gas natural". tvn-2.com. Retrieved 1 November 2018.
^ "U.S. Nuclear Comeback Stalls as Two Reactors Are Abandoned". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 29 March 2020. Retrieved 1 November 2018.
^ "With 2,245 MW of Commissioned Solar Projects, World's Largest Solar Park is Now at Bhadl". Archived from the original on 20 March 2020. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
^ "SECI tenders another 750MW at record-luring Bhadla Solar Park". PV Tech. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
^ "Country's Biggest Solar Park In Rajasthan, At The Heart Of India's Clean Energy Push". NDTV.com. Archived from the original on 12 February 2018. Retrieved 6 June 2017.
^ "World's Largest Solar Park at Karnataka's Pavagada is Now Fully Operational". Archived from the original on 27 December 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
^ "Karnataka's Pavagada Solar Park to be Fully Operational by December 2019". Archived from the original on 12 April 2019. Retrieved 12 April 2019.
^ "10 really cool Solar Power installations in (and above) the world". Archived from the original on 29 January 2018. Retrieved 30 January 2018.
^ "宁夏在腾格里沙漠南缘建成全国最大沙漠光伏集成区 – 今日热点 – 中国储能网". www.escn.com.cn. Archived from the original on 3 May 2018. Retrieved 20 May 2017.
^ "Benban, Africa's largest solar park, completed". European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. Archived from the original on 27 December 2019. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
^ "FAIR: New German particle accelerator clears first hurdle". phys.org. Archived from the original on 15 November 2016. Retrieved 13 June 2012.
^ "The Impact of Genomics on the U.S. Economy" (PDF). Batelle Technology Partnership Practice. June 2013. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 October 2013. Retrieved 1 November 2014.
^ Webb, Jonathan (21 May 2015). "LHC smashes energy record with test collisions". Archived from the original on 8 September 2015. Retrieved 28 August 2015.
^ Lee Billings (12 February 2016). "The future of Gravitational wave Astronomy". Scientific American. Archived from the original on 13 February 2016. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
^ "The price of the Manhattan Project". Restricted Data: The Nuclear Secrecy Blog. Archived from the original on 7 October 2014. Retrieved 31 October 2014.
^ "Materials Genome Initiative". Archived from the original on 13 October 2018. Retrieved 1 November 2018.
^ "Cassini Solstice Mission-FAQs". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Archived from the original on 1 February 2014. Retrieved 24 January 2014.
^ "Gaia spacecraft set for launch on mission to map a billion stars". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 15 December 2013. Retrieved 15 December 2013.
^ "Galileo navigational system enters testing stage". Deutsche Welle. Archived from the original on 15 October 2012. Retrieved 30 January 2018.
^ Kathy Sawyer (17 December 1991). “Galileo Antenna Apparently Still Stuck”. Washington Post: A14; Kathy Sawyer (18 December 1991). “$1.4 Billion Galileo Mission Appears Crippled.” Washington Post: A3 Archived 14 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine in Mission to Jupiter. p.180.
^ Galileo: Facts & Figures Archived 12 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine. NASA.gov. Retrieved 12 November 2012.
^ https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~sensing-sensors/readings/GPS_History-MR614.appb.pdf
^ "Herschel: Fact Sheet" (PDF). ESA.int. ESA Media Relations Office. 28 April 2010. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 October 2012.
^ "The Space Review: Costs of US piloted programs". thespacereview.com. Archived from the original on 12 July 2018. Retrieved 28 February 2015.
^ "Technical Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)". NASA-JWST. Archived from the original on 18 January 2014. Retrieved 24 January 2014.
^ D. Leone. "MSL Readings Could Improve Safety for Human Mars Missions". Space News. Retrieved 24 January 2014.
^ George Musser (May 2011). "Cosmic-Ray Detector on Space Shuttle Set to Scan Cosmos for Dark Matter". Scientific American. Archived from the original on 2 February 2014. Retrieved 24 January 2014.
^ "Moon Worth Apollo's $170 Billion?". Guardian Liberty Voice. Archived from the original on 31 October 2014. Retrieved 31 October 2014.
^ "Space Shuttle Total Cost: More Than AIG Bailout, Less Than War". Fox News. 5 July 2011. Archived from the original on 24 January 2015. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
^ Brumfield, Loyd (21 September 2017). "Rangers Unveil First Renderings of New Globe Life Field, Set to Break Ground Next Week". The Dallas Morning News. Retrieved 21 September 2017.
^ a b c d e f g Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. "Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–". Retrieved 1 January 2020.
^ Demause, Neil (January 2009). "Private/Public Cost Breakdowns for New Yankees/Mets Stadiums" (PDF). FieldOfSchemes.com. Retrieved 26 July 2020.
^ "The NBA Comes to Brooklyn". Construction Digital. 1 August 2011. Archived from the original on 18 October 2011. Retrieved 4 August 2011.
^ Barrabi, Thomas (6 January 2020). "Las Vegas Raiders' Allegiant Stadium, by the numbers". Fox Business. Retrieved 12 January 2020.
^ Mosley, Matt (15 September 2008). "Jones building a legacy with $1.3 billion Cowboys stadium". Retrieved 28 November 2008.
^ Rosenberg, Mike (19 April 2012). "49ers' Kick Off Move to Santa Clara With Far-From-Traditional Groundbreaking". San Jose Mercury News. Retrieved 6 May 2012.
^ Brinson, Will (27 March 2018). "NFL Reportedly Raising Debt Limit on Rams Stadium after L.A. Project nears $5B Price Tag". Retrieved 27 March 2018.
^ "Wilfs pledge $19.5M more to stadium". ESPN. 26 March 2015. Retrieved 27 March 2015.
^ "Cuomo, Islanders Make Belmont Official". New York Islanders. 20 December 2017. Archived from the original on 29 December 2017. Retrieved 20 December 2017.
^ Duerden, John (17 April 2020). "Chinese club Guangzhou Evergrande building world's biggest stadium for $1.7bn". ESPN.com. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
^ Garner-Putkis, Zak (5 June 2020). "Why Tottenham Hotspur's $1 Billion Stadium Will Be The Last Of Its Kind". Forbes. Retrieved 9 November 2020.
^ UK Retail Price Index inflation figures are based on data from Clark, Gregory (2017). "The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)". MeasuringWorth. Retrieved 2 February 2020.
^ "Stadium Facts & Features". Wembley Stadium. Retrieved 9 November 2020.
^ Abraham Achirga (18 July 2018). "Light rail line in Nigeria's capital opens to passengers". Reuters. Archived from the original on 9 July 2019. Retrieved 9 July 2019.
^ "Abuja Light Rail 84 per cent complete – Official". Premium Times Nigeria. 18 January 2017. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 14 April 2017.
^ "China Exim Bank to bankroll $1.79bn Abuja light rail". Sun News Online. Archived from the original on 26 March 2017. Retrieved 14 April 2017.
^ "Lagos sign deal for construction of 38km-long fourth mainland bridge". The Nerve Africa. 25 May 2016. Archived from the original on 15 April 2017. Retrieved 14 April 2017.
^ "Lagos-Calabar railway project: FG, CCECC sign $11.12bn MoU". Vanguard. 1 July 2016. Archived from the original on 15 April 2017. Retrieved 14 April 2017.
^ Israel, Olumide (2 March 2014). "Railway: The return of the economic live wire!". Vanguard. Archived from the original on 2 July 2017. Retrieved 14 April 2017.
^ "Lagos Rail Mass Transit". Lagos Metropolitan Area Transport Authority. 2015. Archived from the original on 1 December 2016. Retrieved 23 September 2015.
^ "Lagos light rail to commence operation 2022 – Official". Premium Times. 12 August 2018. Archived from the original on 4 July 2019. Retrieved 9 July 2019.
^ "Economic corridor: Chinese official sets record straight". The Express Tribune. 2 March 2015. Archived from the original on 3 March 2015. Retrieved 8 August 2015.
^ a b c "Incheon International Airport (ICA/RKSI)". airport-technology.com. AirportTechnology. 25 July 2019. Archived from the original on 25 May 2019. Retrieved 24 July 2019.
^ Unknown (2019). "Incheon starts 4th-stage expansion project for new runway". The Korean Times. Archived from the original on 24 July 2019. Retrieved 24 July 2019.
^ "PM Modi inaugurates Hyderabad Metro Rail". The Times of India. 28 November 2017. Archived from the original on 28 November 2017. Retrieved 9 July 2019.
^ https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/metro-rail-line-to-raidurg-another-two-years-away/article21292572.ece
^ Narendra Shah (17 April 2019). "Hyderabad Metro to Complete JBS-MGBS Metro Corridor by Nov 2019". Metro Rail News. Archived from the original on 17 April 2019. Retrieved 9 July 2019.
^ Aneesh Phadnis (8 June 2019). "L&T; set to construct Navi Mumbai airport, likely to finish by mid-2020". Business Standard. Archived from the original on 7 August 2019. Retrieved 9 July 2019.
^ "::: Welcome to Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor :::". delhimumbaiindustrialcorridor.com. Archived from the original on 19 March 2016. Retrieved 5 July 2017.
^ "THE CONSTITUTION (AMENDMENT)". indiacode.nic.in. Archived from the original on 21 August 2016. Retrieved 5 July 2017.
^ "Make in India: Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor to invite first anchor investors in August", The Economic Times, 16 February 2016, archived from the original on 27 March 2019, retrieved 11 July 2020
^ "JICA presents draft report on bullet train project to joint committee". timesofindia-economictimes. Archived from the original on 27 August 2016. Retrieved 11 July 2020.
^ a b "Bharat Mala: PM Narendra Modi's planned ₹14,000 crore (US$2.0 billion) road from Gujarat to Mizoram", The Economic Times, New Delhi, 29 April 2015, archived from the original on 17 September 2016, retrieved 11 July 2020
^ "Vision Ministry of Shipping, GOI, Government of India". SagarMala. 8 June 2018. Archived from the original on 17 October 2018. Retrieved 1 November 2018.
^ "SagarMala – Concept & Objectives Ministry of Shipping, GOI, Government of India". sagarmala.gov.in. Archived from the original on 25 September 2018. Retrieved 1 November 2018.
^ "India's hyperloop plans were all talk—until now". Quartz India. 2 September 2016. Archived from the original on 22 June 2020. Retrieved 11 July 2020.
^ technology, BENGALURU (7 December 2016). "India in talks to build Hyperloop; two Indian companies involved in the project". ET online. Archived from the original on 6 December 2016. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
^ "DGWHyperloop – Overview" (PDF). 29 October 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 November 2016. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
^ Flora, Ian Ocampo (6 February 2020). "P175-B mega bridge project to connect CL, Southern Tagalog". Sun Star Pampanga. Archived from the original on 28 June 2020. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
^ "About Us – MRT3 Stations". Metro Rail Transit. Archived from the original on 22 January 2013. Retrieved 8 June 2014.
^ "Major infrastructure projects lined up". BusinessWorld. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 6 July 2015.
^ Esguerra, Darryl John. "Construction of Makati City subway system to start in December". Archived from the original on 19 September 2018. Retrieved 19 September 2018.
^ "Malaysian firm waits NEDA's nod for P60-B MRT-9 project". ptvnews.ph. Archived from the original on 10 July 2018. Retrieved 10 July 2018.
^ Tycoons unsolicited PPP projects bolster "Build, Build, Build". Archived 22 December 2019 at the Wayback Machine Inquirer.net. Retrieved 22 December 2019.
^ News, Inquirer. "Metro Manila to kick off construction of P350-B subway in January". The Inquirer. Archived from the original on 27 December 2018. Retrieved 28 December 2018.
^ "San Miguel, DOTr sign deal to build new Bulacan airport". ABS-CBN News. 18 September 2019. Archived from the original on 20 September 2019. Retrieved 18 September 2019.
^ Camus, Miguel R. "DOTr plans to integrate new railway lines". The Inquirer. Archived from the original on 16 February 2019. Retrieved 16 February 2019.
^ "DOF seals loan from China for PNR South Long Haul Project". Manila Bulletin Business. Archived from the original on 14 January 2020. Retrieved 14 January 2020.
^ "Mindanao Railway project specs altered". BusinessWorld Online. Archived from the original on 5 August 2019. Retrieved 5 August 2019.
^ بازدید اعضای محترم کمیسیون عمران مجلس شورای انقلاب اسلامی از منطقه یک آزادراه تهران [Distinguished members of the Civil Commission of the Islamic Revolutionary Assembly visit District One of Tehran Freeway] (in Persian). Archived from the original on 13 December 2018.
^ Unknown (2019). "Kuwait International Airport Passenger Terminal 2". GC Kuwait. Gulf Consults. Archived from the original on 24 July 2019. Retrieved 24 July 2019.
^ "Qatar Expressway Program: One of the World's Largest Road and Infrastructure Projects" (PDF). KBR. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 August 2018. Retrieved 20 August 2018.
^ "Al Maktoum International Airport". Zawya.com. Archived from the original on 6 March 2012. Retrieved 30 March 2013.
^ "Línea 2 del Metro iniciará operaciones a partir del 15 de enero". La Estrella. 3 June 2018. Archived from the original on 30 July 2018. Retrieved 1 November 2018.
^ "Lo Bueno Avanza Metro de Panamá a 4 años de gestión del Presidente Varela". El Metro de Panama. 12 July 2018. Archived from the original on 17 October 2018. Retrieved 1 November 2018.
^ a b Navigable Danube-Thessaloniki river link a project of 'huge significance', Tsipras and Vucic agree
^ "European mega-project collaboration deal". tunneltalk.com. TunnelTalk. 11 October 2016. Archived from the original on 9 August 2017. Retrieved 9 August 2017.
^ Herr, Roland (29 June 2016). "Megaprojects in Europe – Crossing Borders, Connecting Markets". tunnelingonline.com. Tunnel Business News. Archived from the original on 9 August 2017. Retrieved 9 August 2017.
^ "Transit in Athens". Attiko Metro. Archived from the original on 19 June 2018. Retrieved 18 August 2018.
^ "Funding". Attiko Metro. Archived from the original on 19 August 2018. Retrieved 18 August 2018.
^ "Tendering". Attiko Metro. Archived from the original on 20 August 2018. Retrieved 20 August 2018.
^ a b Egnatia Odos. "The Construction of the Egnatia Motorway". www.egnatia.eu. Archived from the original on 19 August 2018. Retrieved 18 August 2018.
^ a b "Egnatia Railway". ec.europa.eu. Archived from the original on 15 January 2019. Retrieved 25 February 2019.
^ "Greece Infrastructure". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 25 February 2019. Retrieved 25 February 2019.
^ a b c Nea Odos. "Financing the Project". www.neaodos.gr. Archived from the original on 19 August 2018. Retrieved 18 August 2018.
^ "Χρηματοδότηση – ΑΤΤΙΚΟ ΜΕΤΡΟ Α.Ε." [Funding – Attiko Metro] (in Greek). Attiko Metro. 3 August 2019. Archived from the original on 3 August 2019. Retrieved 17 August 2019.
^ a b "Στα 1,25δισ.ευρώ το κόστος της νέας σιδηροδρομικής γραμμής Θεσσαλονίκη-Καβάλα-Ξάνθη" (in Greek). Archived from the original on 24 June 2019. Retrieved 24 June 2019.
^ ErgOSE. "TITHOREA – DOMOKOS". www.ergpse.gr. Archived from the original on 5 July 2018. Retrieved 18 August 2018.
^ "Αθήνα – Θεσσαλονίκη σε λιγότερο από 3,5 ώρες, Της Αλεξάνδρας Κασσίμη". www.kathimerini.gr. Archived from the original on 30 January 2019. Retrieved 31 January 2019.
^ a b "RESOLUTION NO 173/2017 OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS of 7 November 2017 on the adoption of the Investment Preparation and Implementation Concept: Solidarity Airport – Central Transport Hub for the Republic of Poland" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 July 2019. Retrieved 8 July 2019.
^ Pitcher, Greg (12 November 2020). "Head of Irish Sea crossing review team moots tunnel rather than bridge". The Architects’ Journal. Retrieved 29 December 2020.
^ a b c "Top 100: Canada's Biggest Infrastructure Projects for 2017". top100projects.ca. TOP100 Projects. Archived from the original on 1 September 2017. Retrieved 31 August 2017.
^ Kate Porter (18 June 2019). "RTG promises to hand over LRT to city in August". CBC News. Archived from the original on 26 June 2019. Retrieved 9 July 2019.
^ "Initial Investment | Project Connect by Capital Metro". Default. Retrieved 19 January 2021.
^ "Project Connect Program Sequence". CapMetro. Retrieved 19 January 2021.
^ "CREATE". www.nscorp.com. Archived from the original on 6 February 2018. Retrieved 5 February 2018.
^ "Crescent Freight Corridor, United States of America". railway-technology.com. Archived from the original on 8 August 2017. Retrieved 8 August 2017.
^ "Estimated cost of constructing Ohio River Bridges reduced in updated financial report to Federal Highway Administration | Ohio Bridges". kyinbridges.com. Archived from the original on 29 July 2017. Retrieved 29 July 2017.
^ "Cross River Rail". Queensland Government. Archived from the original on 1 October 2017. Retrieved 29 September 2017.
^ "OneSKY Project". Airservices. Archived from the original on 30 April 2018. Retrieved 30 April 2018.
^ "Suburban Rail loop". Victorian Government. Archived from the original on 7 March 2019. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
^ "Sydney Central Station Airspace Redevelopment, NSW". Webb Australia. Archived from the original on 28 February 2014. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
^ "Work on Sydney Harbour tunnels to start". 25 June 2017. Archived from the original on 25 June 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
^ Abdel bary, Hossam (26 September 2015). "Eastown & Westown Egypt". slideshare.net. Solidere. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
^ Unknown (2019). "GALALA CITY". sitesint.com. Sites International. Retrieved 24 July 2020.
^ Ricardo Reboredo (6 March 2019). "What a failed futuristic smart-city in Modderfontein tells us about African mega-cities". The Citizen. Zambia. Archived from the original on 16 May 2019. Retrieved 16 May 2019.
^ "Shanghai Zendai Plans $7.8 Billion 'New York of Africa'". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 13 January 2016.
^ "Work begins on South Africa's R84bn smart city". Brand South Africa. Archived from the original on 2 January 2016. Retrieved 13 January 2016.
^ "World's Fastest Growing Cities are in Asia and Africa". Euromonitor. 2 March 2010. Archived from the original on October 2015. Retrieved 26 October 2015.
^ "Get To Know Abuja". Abuja City. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 27 September 2015.
^ "Asokoro Island". asokoroisland.com. Archived from the original on 9 August 2017. Retrieved 8 August 2017.
^ "Asokoro Island: Abuja's new, exclusive destination for luxury living". Market Watch. 30 September 2014. Archived from the original on 14 May 2016. Retrieved 29 April 2016.
^ "FG urges Nigerians in Diaspora to invest in Centenary City". Vanguard Newspapers. 26 July 2013. Archived from the original on 1 October 2013. Retrieved 8 October 2013.
^ "Centenary City Abuja – What to Expect". Estate Intel. 18 August 2014. Archived from the original on 19 September 2014. Retrieved 22 February 2012.
^ Njoku, Jude (16 September 2014). "FG, developer sign deal on Festac Phase 2". Vanguard. Retrieved 23 December 2015.
^ "Nigeria: Development Plan Dismisses Threats to Lekki/Victoria Island's Real Estate Prospects". allafrica.com. 6 July 2015. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 15 December 2015.
^ Appraisal of City Development Plan – Navi Mumbai Archived 15 September 2012 at the Wayback Machine. National Institute of Urban Affairs, 2008.
^ "10 infrastructure projects India can be proud of". ArabianIndustry.com. Archived from the original on 6 September 2014. Retrieved 6 September 2014.
^ "Concept – GIFT Gujarat, Gujarat International Tec City, Gujarat International Finance Tec-City (GIFT)". giftgujarat.in.
^ "Capital Development Authority". Archived from the original on 12 May 2016.
^ toot. "About Bahria Town Karachi – Bahria Town – Your Lifestyle Destination". bahriatown.com. Archived from the original on 11 May 2017. Retrieved 12 May 2017.
^ "Sustainable Transportation in DHA City Karachi (DCK) – All You Need To Know!". DHA Today. 14 April 2014. Archived from the original on 9 September 2015. Retrieved 8 October 2015.
^ "Pakistan Defence Officers Housing Authority, Karachi". DHA Karachi. Archived from the original on 7 September 2015. Retrieved 11 September 2015.
^ rasheed (22 September 2013). "$10 Billion Ravi River Front Project Launched". PKPolitics Discuss. Archived from the original on 25 June 2014. Retrieved 8 October 2015.
^ "Home". Oman Tribune. Archived from the original on 18 August 2014. Retrieved 8 October 2015.
^ Noor Aftab (20 January 2014). "New city project in Lahore suburbs on the anvil". The News International. Archived from the original on 5 August 2014. Retrieved 8 October 2015.
^ "Launch of LDA City delayed". Dawn. 9 January 2015. Archived from the original on 28 September 2015. Retrieved 27 September 2015.
^ "Colombo Port City: White Elephant? Affront to human rights? – Sri Lanka Campaign for Peace and Justice". Sri Lanka Campaign for Peace and Justice. Archived from the original on 26 September 2015. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
^ Ragananthini, V. (18 July 2017). "Ekovest lines up RM16.5b worth of projects within KL River City". The Sun Daily. Archived from the original on 16 August 2017. Retrieved 15 August 2017.
^ "Iran Mall". Archived from the original on 31 May 2020. Retrieved 17 July 2020.
^ a b "Jordan's $5 billion Abdali project: serious investment potential". Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
^ a b "Shiny new downtown launched in Amman". Archived from the original on 29 May 2019. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
^ Zareva, Teodora (1 November 2017). "Saudi Arabia Is Building a $500-Billion New Territory Based on Tech and Liberal Values". bigthink.com. bigthink. Archived from the original on 1 November 2017. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
^ "Welcome to Neom, Saudi Arabia's city of the future". arabianbusiness.com. arabianBusiness. Archived from the original on 29 October 2017. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
^ "kentsel_donusumun_maliyeti_ne_kadar_ konut insaat 1543567 html Haberleri ve kentsel_donusumun_maliyeti_ne_kadar_ konut insaat 1543567 html Geli艧meleri – Milliyet". milliyet.com.tr. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 4 October 2013.
^ "Kentsel Dönüşümün Maliyeti Ne Kadar?". eypyapi.com. Archived from the original on 8 February 2015. Retrieved 4 October 2013.
^ "Kentsel dönüşüm için 400 proje". ekonomi.haberturk.com. 18 May 2012. Archived from the original on 5 October 2013. Retrieved 4 October 2013.
^ "T.C. ÇEVRE ve ŞEHİRCİLİK BAKANLIĞI – Altyapı ve Kentsel Dönüşüm Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü". csb.gov.tr. Archived from the original on 31 August 2012. Retrieved 4 October 2013.
^ ABDULKADİR CEMBEKLİ (7 September 2013). "Fikirtepe'de 40 milyar liralık kentsel dönüşüm başlıyor". ZAMAN. Archived from the original on 5 October 2013.
^ Linda Poon (19 May 2016). "Sweden Is Moving an Entire City". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on 8 September 2017. Retrieved 7 September 2017.
^ Lambert, Fred (19 October 2017). "Europe's Nortvolt battery gigafactory lands in Sweden". Electrek. Archived from the original on 13 December 2017. Retrieved 12 December 2017.
^ www.fosterandpartners.com, Foster + Partners /. "New Slussen Masterplan | Foster + Partners". www.fosterandpartners.com. Archived from the original on 16 September 2019. Retrieved 25 November 2019.
^ "Brickell Key on Claughton Island". Archived from the original on 2 March 2017. Retrieved 1 March 2017.
^ "FMC Technologies breaks ground on corporate campus". HoustonChronicle.com. 6 May 2014. Retrieved 29 July 2020.
^ "City Living: Battery Park City". Archived from the original on 27 December 2014. Retrieved 1 March 2017.
^ "America Rebuilds: A Year at Ground Zero". Archived from the original on 5 August 2017. Retrieved 3 September 2017.
^ "53 West 53rd". The Skyscraper Center. Archived from the original on 9 July 2019. Retrieved 9 July 2019.
^ "Queen's Wharf Brisbane". Destination Brisbane Consortium. Archived from the original on 25 February 2018. Retrieved 29 September 2017.
^ Brasília in the World Archived 15 July 2014 at the Wayback Machine (in English)
^ Brasília, 50 Years as the Capital Archived 24 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine (in English)
^ "- badagry-port.com". www.badagry-port.com. Archived from the original on 12 February 2018. Retrieved 14 April 2017.
^ "Ambode Revs up $2.3bn Badagry Deep Sea Port Project". This Day Live. 8 October 2016. Archived from the original on 15 April 2017. Retrieved 14 April 2017.
^ "Lekki Port". www.lekkiport.com. Archived from the original on 11 March 2019. Retrieved 17 July 2020.
^ Ebosele, Moses (20 May 2015). "Contractor pledges to deliver $1.65b Lekki deep seaport in 41 months". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 16 May 2017. Retrieved 10 August 2017.
^ Chang, Gordon G. (8 January 2014). "China's Water Crisis Made Worse by Policy Failures". World Affairs. Archived from the original on 23 July 2019. Retrieved 23 November 2018.
^ "Sagarmala Programme". pib.nic.in. Retrieved 25 April 2017.
^ Macguire, Eoghan (20 November 2013). "Cuba libre: Could port herald new economic age for communist island?". CNN. Archived from the original on 14 August 2017. Retrieved 14 August 2017.
^ McDonald, Michael D (17 March 2016). "China Slowdown Not Holding Back Nicaragua Canal, Contractor Says". BloombergBusiness. Archived from the original on 22 March 2016. Retrieved 21 March 2016.

External links[edit]

Megaprojects in Dubai

[53] Basado en una tasa de conversión de $ 1.32 por libra en la fecha de apertura del estadio del 3 de abril de 2019; redondeado al $ 1 millón más cercano.

[56] Basado en una tasa de conversión de $ 1,96 por libra en la fecha de apertura del estadio del 9 de marzo de 2007; redondeado al $ 1 millón más cercano.

[altshuler-1] Altshuler, Alan; Luberoff, David (30 April 2003). Mega-Projects: The Changing Politics of Urban Public Investment. Brookings Institution Press. ISBN 978-0-8157-0129-3. Archived from the original on 18 January 2017. Retrieved 9 February 2016.

[bbcnews_747house-2] "Woman to build house out of 747". BBC News. 20 April 2006. Archived from the original on 27 August 2010. Retrieved 30 December 2010.

[sutter-3] Sutter, Joe; Spenser, Jay (1 May 2007). 747: Creating the World's First Jumbo Jet and Other Adventures from a Life in Aviation. Collins. ISBN 978-0-06-088242-6.

[787_flyingredef-4] Norris, G.; Thomas, G.; Wagner, M. & Forbes Smith, C. (2005). Boeing 787 Dreamliner – Flying Redefined. Aerospace Technical Publications International. ISBN 0-9752341-2-9.

[Irving-5] Irving, Clive. Wide Body: The Triumph of the 747. New York: W. Morrow, 1993. ISBN 0-688-09902-5, pp. 189–190.

[Garw-6] Garwood, Darrell. "Newest Air Force planes grounded". Archived 4 February 2016 at the Wayback Machine Times-News, 17 January 1970.

[Gao-7] "B-2 Bomber: Cost and Operational Issues Letter Report, 14 August 1997, GAO/NSIAD-97-181". Archived 8 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine United States General Accounting Office (GAO). Retrieved: 13 September 2009.

[8] Vidal, John (1 August 2019). "What should we do with radioactive nuclear waste?". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 1 August 2019. Retrieved 2 August 2019.

[9] Dedaj, Paulina (3 July 2019). "Chernobyl's $1.7B nuclear confinement shelter revealed after taking 9 years to complete". Fox News. Archived from the original on 2 August 2019. Retrieved 2 August 2019.

[10] "World's First Carbon Capture Power Plant Switches On". Climate Central. 5 October 2014. Archived from the original on 7 October 2014. Retrieved 7 October 2014.

[11] "OL3 EPR's regular electricity generation starts in March 2021" (Press release). TVO. 19 December 2019. Archived from the original on 19 December 2019. Retrieved 19 December 2019.

[12] "Kemper County: constructing the world's first IGCC with CCS" (PDF). KBR. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 October 2014. Retrieved 7 October 2014.

[13] "Panamá inaugura su primera planta de gas natural". tvn-2.com. Retrieved 1 November 2018.

[14] "U.S. Nuclear Comeback Stalls as Two Reactors Are Abandoned". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 29 March 2020. Retrieved 1 November 2018.

[15] "With 2,245 MW of Commissioned Solar Projects, World's Largest Solar Park is Now at Bhadl". Archived from the original on 20 March 2020. Retrieved 20 March 2020.

[16] "SECI tenders another 750MW at record-luring Bhadla Solar Park". PV Tech. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 22 March 2018.

[17] "Country's Biggest Solar Park In Rajasthan, At The Heart Of India's Clean Energy Push". NDTV.com. Archived from the original on 12 February 2018. Retrieved 6 June 2017.

[18] "World's Largest Solar Park at Karnataka's Pavagada is Now Fully Operational". Archived from the original on 27 December 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.

[19] "Karnataka's Pavagada Solar Park to be Fully Operational by December 2019". Archived from the original on 12 April 2019. Retrieved 12 April 2019.

[20] "10 really cool Solar Power installations in (and above) the world". Archived from the original on 29 January 2018. Retrieved 30 January 2018.

[21] "宁夏在腾格里沙漠南缘建成全国最大沙漠光伏集成区 – 今日热点 – 中国储能网". www.escn.com.cn. Archived from the original on 3 May 2018. Retrieved 20 May 2017.

[22] "Benban, Africa's largest solar park, completed". European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. Archived from the original on 27 December 2019. Retrieved 29 November 2019.

[23] "FAIR: New German particle accelerator clears first hurdle". phys.org. Archived from the original on 15 November 2016. Retrieved 13 June 2012.

[24] "The Impact of Genomics on the U.S. Economy" (PDF). Batelle Technology Partnership Practice. June 2013. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 October 2013. Retrieved 1 November 2014.

[25] Webb, Jonathan (21 May 2015). "LHC smashes energy record with test collisions". Archived from the original on 8 September 2015. Retrieved 28 August 2015.

[26] Lee Billings (12 February 2016). "The future of Gravitational wave Astronomy". Scientific American. Archived from the original on 13 February 2016. Retrieved 13 February 2016.

[27] "The price of the Manhattan Project". Restricted Data: The Nuclear Secrecy Blog. Archived from the original on 7 October 2014. Retrieved 31 October 2014.

[28] "Materials Genome Initiative". Archived from the original on 13 October 2018. Retrieved 1 November 2018.

[29] "Cassini Solstice Mission-FAQs". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Archived from the original on 1 February 2014. Retrieved 24 January 2014.

[theguardian-30] "Gaia spacecraft set for launch on mission to map a billion stars". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 15 December 2013. Retrieved 15 December 2013.

[31] "Galileo navigational system enters testing stage". Deutsche Welle. Archived from the original on 15 October 2012. Retrieved 30 January 2018.

[32] Kathy Sawyer (17 December 1991). “Galileo Antenna Apparently Still Stuck”. Washington Post: A14; Kathy Sawyer (18 December 1991). “$1.4 Billion Galileo Mission Appears Crippled.” Washington Post: A3 Archived 14 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine in Mission to Jupiter. p.180.

[33] Galileo: Facts & Figures Archived 12 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine. NASA.gov. Retrieved 12 November 2012.

[34] ttps://www.cs.cmu.edu/~sensing-sensors/readings/GPS_History-MR614.appb.pdf

[35] "Herschel: Fact Sheet" (PDF). ESA.int. ESA Media Relations Office. 28 April 2010. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 October 2012.

[36] "The Space Review: Costs of US piloted programs". thespacereview.com. Archived from the original on 12 July 2018. Retrieved 28 February 2015.

[37] "Technical Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)". NASA-JWST. Archived from the original on 18 January 2014. Retrieved 24 January 2014.

[38] D. Leone. "MSL Readings Could Improve Safety for Human Mars Missions". Space News. Retrieved 24 January 2014.

[39] George Musser (May 2011). "Cosmic-Ray Detector on Space Shuttle Set to Scan Cosmos for Dark Matter". Scientific American. Archived from the original on 2 February 2014. Retrieved 24 January 2014.

[40] "Moon Worth Apollo's $170 Billion?". Guardian Liberty Voice. Archived from the original on 31 October 2014. Retrieved 31 October 2014.

[41] "Space Shuttle Total Cost: More Than AIG Bailout, Less Than War". Fox News. 5 July 2011. Archived from the original on 24 January 2015. Retrieved 23 December 2014.

[Dallas_News-42] Brumfield, Loyd (21 September 2017). "Rangers Unveil First Renderings of New Globe Life Field, Set to Break Ground Next Week". The Dallas Morning News. Retrieved 21 September 2017.

[inflation-US-43] Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. "Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–". Retrieved 1 January 2020.

[44] Demause, Neil (January 2009). "Private/Public Cost Breakdowns for New Yankees/Mets Stadiums" (PDF). FieldOfSchemes.com. Retrieved 26 July 2020.

[45] "The NBA Comes to Brooklyn". Construction Digital. 1 August 2011. Archived from the original on 18 October 2011. Retrieved 4 August 2011.

[46] Barrabi, Thomas (6 January 2020). "Las Vegas Raiders' Allegiant Stadium, by the numbers". Fox Business. Retrieved 12 January 2020.

[47] Mosley, Matt (15 September 2008). "Jones building a legacy with $1.3 billion Cowboys stadium". Retrieved 28 November 2008.

[48] Rosenberg, Mike (19 April 2012). "49ers' Kick Off Move to Santa Clara With Far-From-Traditional Groundbreaking". San Jose Mercury News. Retrieved 6 May 2012.

[49] Brinson, Will (27 March 2018). "NFL Reportedly Raising Debt Limit on Rams Stadium after L.A. Project nears $5B Price Tag". Retrieved 27 March 2018.

[50] "Wilfs pledge $19.5M more to stadium". ESPN. 26 March 2015. Retrieved 27 March 2015.

[51] "Cuomo, Islanders Make Belmont Official". New York Islanders. 20 December 2017. Archived from the original on 29 December 2017. Retrieved 20 December 2017.

[52] Duerden, John (17 April 2020). "Chinese club Guangzhou Evergrande building world's biggest stadium for $1.7bn". ESPN.com. Retrieved 17 April 2020.

[54] Garner-Putkis, Zak (5 June 2020). "Why Tottenham Hotspur's $1 Billion Stadium Will Be The Last Of Its Kind". Forbes. Retrieved 9 November 2020.

[inflation-UK-55] UK Retail Price Index inflation figures are based on data from Clark, Gregory (2017). "The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)". MeasuringWorth. Retrieved 2 February 2020.

[57] "Stadium Facts & Features". Wembley Stadium. Retrieved 9 November 2020.

[58] Abraham Achirga (18 July 2018). "Light rail line in Nigeria's capital opens to passengers". Reuters. Archived from the original on 9 July 2019. Retrieved 9 July 2019.

[premiumtimesng.com-59] "Abuja Light Rail 84 per cent complete – Official". Premium Times Nigeria. 18 January 2017. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 14 April 2017.

[60] "China Exim Bank to bankroll $1.79bn Abuja light rail". Sun News Online. Archived from the original on 26 March 2017. Retrieved 14 April 2017.

[61] "Lagos sign deal for construction of 38km-long fourth mainland bridge". The Nerve Africa. 25 May 2016. Archived from the original on 15 April 2017. Retrieved 14 April 2017.

[62] "Lagos-Calabar railway project: FG, CCECC sign $11.12bn MoU". Vanguard. 1 July 2016. Archived from the original on 15 April 2017. Retrieved 14 April 2017.

[63] Israel, Olumide (2 March 2014). "Railway: The return of the economic live wire!". Vanguard. Archived from the original on 2 July 2017. Retrieved 14 April 2017.

[64] "Lagos Rail Mass Transit". Lagos Metropolitan Area Transport Authority. 2015. Archived from the original on 1 December 2016. Retrieved 23 September 2015.

[65] "Lagos light rail to commence operation 2022 – Official". Premium Times. 12 August 2018. Archived from the original on 4 July 2019. Retrieved 9 July 2019.

[66] "Economic corridor: Chinese official sets record straight". The Express Tribune. 2 March 2015. Archived from the original on 3 March 2015. Retrieved 8 August 2015.

[AirportTechnology-67] "Incheon International Airport (ICA/RKSI)". airport-technology.com. AirportTechnology. 25 July 2019. Archived from the original on 25 May 2019. Retrieved 24 July 2019.

[68] Unknown (2019). "Incheon starts 4th-stage expansion project for new runway". The Korean Times. Archived from the original on 24 July 2019. Retrieved 24 July 2019.

[69] "PM Modi inaugurates Hyderabad Metro Rail". The Times of India. 28 November 2017. Archived from the original on 28 November 2017. Retrieved 9 July 2019.

[70] ttps://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/metro-rail-line-to-raidurg-another-two-years-away/article21292572.ece

[71] Narendra Shah (17 April 2019). "Hyderabad Metro to Complete JBS-MGBS Metro Corridor by Nov 2019". Metro Rail News. Archived from the original on 17 April 2019. Retrieved 9 July 2019.

[72] Aneesh Phadnis (8 June 2019). "L&T; set to construct Navi Mumbai airport, likely to finish by mid-2020". Business Standard. Archived from the original on 7 August 2019. Retrieved 9 July 2019.

[73] "::: Welcome to Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor :::". delhimumbaiindustrialcorridor.com. Archived from the original on 19 March 2016. Retrieved 5 July 2017.

[74] "THE CONSTITUTION (AMENDMENT)". indiacode.nic.in. Archived from the original on 21 August 2016. Retrieved 5 July 2017.

[eco2-75] "Make in India: Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor to invite first anchor investors in August", The Economic Times, 16 February 2016, archived from the original on 27 March 2019, retrieved 11 July 2020

[76] "JICA presents draft report on bullet train project to joint committee". timesofindia-economictimes. Archived from the original on 27 August 2016. Retrieved 11 July 2020.

[Ecotimes-77] "Bharat Mala: PM Narendra Modi's planned ₹14,000 crore (US$2.0 billion) road from Gujarat to Mizoram", The Economic Times, New Delhi, 29 April 2015, archived from the original on 17 September 2016, retrieved 11 July 2020

[78] "Vision Ministry of Shipping, GOI, Government of India". SagarMala. 8 June 2018. Archived from the original on 17 October 2018. Retrieved 1 November 2018.

[79] "SagarMala – Concept & Objectives Ministry of Shipping, GOI, Government of India". sagarmala.gov.in. Archived from the original on 25 September 2018. Retrieved 1 November 2018.

[80] "India's hyperloop plans were all talk—until now". Quartz India. 2 September 2016. Archived from the original on 22 June 2020. Retrieved 11 July 2020.

[81] technology, BENGALURU (7 December 2016). "India in talks to build Hyperloop; two Indian companies involved in the project". ET online. Archived from the original on 6 December 2016. Retrieved 7 December 2016.

[82] "DGWHyperloop – Overview" (PDF). 29 October 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 November 2016. Retrieved 14 January 2017.

[83] Flora, Ian Ocampo (6 February 2020). "P175-B mega bridge project to connect CL, Southern Tagalog". Sun Star Pampanga. Archived from the original on 28 June 2020. Retrieved 25 June 2020.

[stations-84] "About Us – MRT3 Stations". Metro Rail Transit. Archived from the original on 22 January 2013. Retrieved 8 June 2014.

[85] "Major infrastructure projects lined up". BusinessWorld. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 6 July 2015.

[86] Esguerra, Darryl John. "Construction of Makati City subway system to start in December". Archived from the original on 19 September 2018. Retrieved 19 September 2018.

[87] "Malaysian firm waits NEDA's nod for P60-B MRT-9 project". ptvnews.ph. Archived from the original on 10 July 2018. Retrieved 10 July 2018.

[inq-88] Tycoons unsolicited PPP projects bolster "Build, Build, Build". Archived 22 December 2019 at the Wayback Machine Inquirer.net. Retrieved 22 December 2019.

[inq2-89] News, Inquirer. "Metro Manila to kick off construction of P350-B subway in January". The Inquirer. Archived from the original on 27 December 2018. Retrieved 28 December 2018.

[90] "San Miguel, DOTr sign deal to build new Bulacan airport". ABS-CBN News. 18 September 2019. Archived from the original on 20 September 2019. Retrieved 18 September 2019.

[91] Camus, Miguel R. "DOTr plans to integrate new railway lines". The Inquirer. Archived from the original on 16 February 2019. Retrieved 16 February 2019.

[92] "DOF seals loan from China for PNR South Long Haul Project". Manila Bulletin Business. Archived from the original on 14 January 2020. Retrieved 14 January 2020.

[93] "Mindanao Railway project specs altered". BusinessWorld Online. Archived from the original on 5 August 2019. Retrieved 5 August 2019.

[94] بازدید اعضای محترم کمیسیون عمران مجلس شورای انقلاب اسلامی از منطقه یک آزادراه تهران [Distinguished members of the Civil Commission of the Islamic Revolutionary Assembly visit District One of Tehran Freeway] (in Persian). Archived from the original on 13 December 2018.

[95] Unknown (2019). "Kuwait International Airport Passenger Terminal 2". GC Kuwait. Gulf Consults. Archived from the original on 24 July 2019. Retrieved 24 July 2019.

[96] "Qatar Expressway Program: One of the World's Largest Road and Infrastructure Projects" (PDF). KBR. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 August 2018. Retrieved 20 August 2018.

[97] "Al Maktoum International Airport". Zawya.com. Archived from the original on 6 March 2012. Retrieved 30 March 2013.

[98] "Línea 2 del Metro iniciará operaciones a partir del 15 de enero". La Estrella. 3 June 2018. Archived from the original on 30 July 2018. Retrieved 1 November 2018.

[99] "Lo Bueno Avanza Metro de Panamá a 4 años de gestión del Presidente Varela". El Metro de Panama. 12 July 2018. Archived from the original on 17 October 2018. Retrieved 1 November 2018.

[int.ert.gr-100] Navigable Danube-Thessaloniki river link a project of 'huge significance', Tsipras and Vucic agree

[101] "European mega-project collaboration deal". tunneltalk.com. TunnelTalk. 11 October 2016. Archived from the original on 9 August 2017. Retrieved 9 August 2017.

[102] Herr, Roland (29 June 2016). "Megaprojects in Europe – Crossing Borders, Connecting Markets". tunnelingonline.com. Tunnel Business News. Archived from the original on 9 August 2017. Retrieved 9 August 2017.

[Athina-103] "Transit in Athens". Attiko Metro. Archived from the original on 19 June 2018. Retrieved 18 August 2018.

[Athina_2-104] "Funding". Attiko Metro. Archived from the original on 19 August 2018. Retrieved 18 August 2018.

[Athina_3-105] "Tendering". Attiko Metro. Archived from the original on 20 August 2018. Retrieved 20 August 2018.

[Egnatia-106] Egnatia Odos. "The Construction of the Egnatia Motorway". www.egnatia.eu. Archived from the original on 19 August 2018. Retrieved 18 August 2018.

[egnatia_railway-107] "Egnatia Railway". ec.europa.eu. Archived from the original on 15 January 2019. Retrieved 25 February 2019.

[108] "Greece Infrastructure". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 25 February 2019. Retrieved 25 February 2019.

[Ionia-109] Nea Odos. "Financing the Project". www.neaodos.gr. Archived from the original on 19 August 2018. Retrieved 18 August 2018.

[Funding_April_2019-110] "Χρηματοδότηση – ΑΤΤΙΚΟ ΜΕΤΡΟ Α.Ε." [Funding – Attiko Metro] (in Greek). Attiko Metro. 3 August 2019. Archived from the original on 3 August 2019. Retrieved 17 August 2019.

[ypodomes-111] "Στα 1,25δισ.ευρώ το κόστος της νέας σιδηροδρομικής γραμμής Θεσσαλονίκη-Καβάλα-Ξάνθη" (in Greek). Archived from the original on 24 June 2019. Retrieved 24 June 2019.

[Tithorea-112] ErgOSE. "TITHOREA – DOMOKOS". www.ergpse.gr. Archived from the original on 5 July 2018. Retrieved 18 August 2018.

[113] "Αθήνα – Θεσσαλονίκη σε λιγότερο από 3,5 ώρες, Της Αλεξάνδρας Κασσίμη". www.kathimerini.gr. Archived from the original on 30 January 2019. Retrieved 31 January 2019.

[CTH_Poland-114] "RESOLUTION NO 173/2017 OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS of 7 November 2017 on the adoption of the Investment Preparation and Implementation Concept: Solidarity Airport – Central Transport Hub for the Republic of Poland" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 July 2019. Retrieved 8 July 2019.

[115] Pitcher, Greg (12 November 2020). "Head of Irish Sea crossing review team moots tunnel rather than bridge". The Architects’ Journal. Retrieved 29 December 2020.

[auto-116] "Top 100: Canada's Biggest Infrastructure Projects for 2017". top100projects.ca. TOP100 Projects. Archived from the original on 1 September 2017. Retrieved 31 August 2017.

[117] Kate Porter (18 June 2019). "RTG promises to hand over LRT to city in August". CBC News. Archived from the original on 26 June 2019. Retrieved 9 July 2019.

[118] "Initial Investment | Project Connect by Capital Metro". Default. Retrieved 19 January 2021.

[119] "Project Connect Program Sequence". CapMetro. Retrieved 19 January 2021.

[120] "CREATE". www.nscorp.com. Archived from the original on 6 February 2018. Retrieved 5 February 2018.

[121] "Crescent Freight Corridor, United States of America". railway-technology.com. Archived from the original on 8 August 2017. Retrieved 8 August 2017.

[122] "Estimated cost of constructing Ohio River Bridges reduced in updated financial report to Federal Highway Administration | Ohio Bridges". kyinbridges.com. Archived from the original on 29 July 2017. Retrieved 29 July 2017.

[123] "Cross River Rail". Queensland Government. Archived from the original on 1 October 2017. Retrieved 29 September 2017.

[124] "OneSKY Project". Airservices. Archived from the original on 30 April 2018. Retrieved 30 April 2018.

[125] "Suburban Rail loop". Victorian Government. Archived from the original on 7 March 2019. Retrieved 5 March 2019.

[126] "Sydney Central Station Airspace Redevelopment, NSW". Webb Australia. Archived from the original on 28 February 2014. Retrieved 24 February 2014.

[127] "Work on Sydney Harbour tunnels to start". 25 June 2017. Archived from the original on 25 June 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2019.

[128] Abdel bary, Hossam (26 September 2015). "Eastown & Westown Egypt". slideshare.net. Solidere. Retrieved 2 November 2017.

[129] Unknown (2019). "GALALA CITY". sitesint.com. Sites International. Retrieved 24 July 2020.

[130] Ricardo Reboredo (6 March 2019). "What a failed futuristic smart-city in Modderfontein tells us about African mega-cities". The Citizen. Zambia. Archived from the original on 16 May 2019. Retrieved 16 May 2019.

[131] "Shanghai Zendai Plans $7.8 Billion 'New York of Africa'". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 13 January 2016.

[132] "Work begins on South Africa's R84bn smart city". Brand South Africa. Archived from the original on 2 January 2016. Retrieved 13 January 2016.

[133] "World's Fastest Growing Cities are in Asia and Africa". Euromonitor. 2 March 2010. Archived from the original on October 2015. Retrieved 26 October 2015.

[134] "Get To Know Abuja". Abuja City. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 27 September 2015.

[135] "Asokoro Island". asokoroisland.com. Archived from the original on 9 August 2017. Retrieved 8 August 2017.

[136] "Asokoro Island: Abuja's new, exclusive destination for luxury living". Market Watch. 30 September 2014. Archived from the original on 14 May 2016. Retrieved 29 April 2016.

[137] "FG urges Nigerians in Diaspora to invest in Centenary City". Vanguard Newspapers. 26 July 2013. Archived from the original on 1 October 2013. Retrieved 8 October 2013.

[138] "Centenary City Abuja – What to Expect". Estate Intel. 18 August 2014. Archived from the original on 19 September 2014. Retrieved 22 February 2012.

[139] Njoku, Jude (16 September 2014). "FG, developer sign deal on Festac Phase 2". Vanguard. Retrieved 23 December 2015.

[140] "Nigeria: Development Plan Dismisses Threats to Lekki/Victoria Island's Real Estate Prospects". allafrica.com. 6 July 2015. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 15 December 2015.

[141] Appraisal of City Development Plan – Navi Mumbai Archived 15 September 2012 at the Wayback Machine. National Institute of Urban Affairs, 2008.

[142] "10 infrastructure projects India can be proud of". ArabianIndustry.com. Archived from the original on 6 September 2014. Retrieved 6 September 2014.

[143] "Concept – GIFT Gujarat, Gujarat International Tec City, Gujarat International Finance Tec-City (GIFT)". giftgujarat.in.

[144] "Capital Development Authority". Archived from the original on 12 May 2016.

[145] toot. "About Bahria Town Karachi – Bahria Town – Your Lifestyle Destination". bahriatown.com. Archived from the original on 11 May 2017. Retrieved 12 May 2017.

[146] "Sustainable Transportation in DHA City Karachi (DCK) – All You Need To Know!". DHA Today. 14 April 2014. Archived from the original on 9 September 2015. Retrieved 8 October 2015.

[147] "Pakistan Defence Officers Housing Authority, Karachi". DHA Karachi. Archived from the original on 7 September 2015. Retrieved 11 September 2015.

[pkpolitics.com-148] rasheed (22 September 2013). "$10 Billion Ravi River Front Project Launched". PKPolitics Discuss. Archived from the original on 25 June 2014. Retrieved 8 October 2015.

[Home-149] "Home". Oman Tribune. Archived from the original on 18 August 2014. Retrieved 8 October 2015.

[thenews.com.pk-150] Noor Aftab (20 January 2014). "New city project in Lahore suburbs on the anvil". The News International. Archived from the original on 5 August 2014. Retrieved 8 October 2015.

[151] "Launch of LDA City delayed". Dawn. 9 January 2015. Archived from the original on 28 September 2015. Retrieved 27 September 2015.

[152] "Colombo Port City: White Elephant? Affront to human rights? – Sri Lanka Campaign for Peace and Justice". Sri Lanka Campaign for Peace and Justice. Archived from the original on 26 September 2015. Retrieved 30 October 2015.

[153] Ragananthini, V. (18 July 2017). "Ekovest lines up RM16.5b worth of projects within KL River City". The Sun Daily. Archived from the original on 16 August 2017. Retrieved 15 August 2017.

[154] "Iran Mall". Archived from the original on 31 May 2020. Retrieved 17 July 2020.

[albawaba.com-155] "Jordan's $5 billion Abdali project: serious investment potential". Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 21 August 2015.

[english.alarabiya.net-156] "Shiny new downtown launched in Amman". Archived from the original on 29 May 2019. Retrieved 21 August 2015.

[157] Zareva, Teodora (1 November 2017). "Saudi Arabia Is Building a $500-Billion New Territory Based on Tech and Liberal Values". bigthink.com. bigthink. Archived from the original on 1 November 2017. Retrieved 2 November 2017.

[158] "Welcome to Neom, Saudi Arabia's city of the future". arabianbusiness.com. arabianBusiness. Archived from the original on 29 October 2017. Retrieved 2 November 2017.

[159] "kentsel_donusumun_maliyeti_ne_kadar_ konut insaat 1543567 html Haberleri ve kentsel_donusumun_maliyeti_ne_kadar_ konut insaat 1543567 html Geli艧meleri – Milliyet". milliyet.com.tr. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 4 October 2013.

[160] "Kentsel Dönüşümün Maliyeti Ne Kadar?". eypyapi.com. Archived from the original on 8 February 2015. Retrieved 4 October 2013.

[161] "Kentsel dönüşüm için 400 proje". ekonomi.haberturk.com. 18 May 2012. Archived from the original on 5 October 2013. Retrieved 4 October 2013.

[162] "T.C. ÇEVRE ve ŞEHİRCİLİK BAKANLIĞI – Altyapı ve Kentsel Dönüşüm Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü". csb.gov.tr. Archived from the original on 31 August 2012. Retrieved 4 October 2013.

[163] ABDULKADİR CEMBEKLİ (7 September 2013). "Fikirtepe'de 40 milyar liralık kentsel dönüşüm başlıyor". ZAMAN. Archived from the original on 5 October 2013.

[164] Linda Poon (19 May 2016). "Sweden Is Moving an Entire City". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on 8 September 2017. Retrieved 7 September 2017.

[165] Lambert, Fred (19 October 2017). "Europe's Nortvolt battery gigafactory lands in Sweden". Electrek. Archived from the original on 13 December 2017. Retrieved 12 December 2017.

[166] www.fosterandpartners.com, Foster + Partners /. "New Slussen Masterplan | Foster + Partners". www.fosterandpartners.com. Archived from the original on 16 September 2019. Retrieved 25 November 2019.

[167] "Brickell Key on Claughton Island". Archived from the original on 2 March 2017. Retrieved 1 March 2017.

[168] "FMC Technologies breaks ground on corporate campus". HoustonChronicle.com. 6 May 2014. Retrieved 29 July 2020.

[169] "City Living: Battery Park City". Archived from the original on 27 December 2014. Retrieved 1 March 2017.

[170] "America Rebuilds: A Year at Ground Zero". Archived from the original on 5 August 2017. Retrieved 3 September 2017.

[171] "53 West 53rd". The Skyscraper Center. Archived from the original on 9 July 2019. Retrieved 9 July 2019.

[172] "Queen's Wharf Brisbane". Destination Brisbane Consortium. Archived from the original on 25 February 2018. Retrieved 29 September 2017.

[173] Brasília in the World Archived 15 July 2014 at the Wayback Machine (in English)

[174] Brasília, 50 Years as the Capital Archived 24 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine (in English)

[175] "- badagry-port.com". www.badagry-port.com. Archived from the original on 12 February 2018. Retrieved 14 April 2017.

[176] "Ambode Revs up $2.3bn Badagry Deep Sea Port Project". This Day Live. 8 October 2016. Archived from the original on 15 April 2017. Retrieved 14 April 2017.

[Lekki_Port_web_site-177] "Lekki Port". www.lekkiport.com. Archived from the original on 11 March 2019. Retrieved 17 July 2020.

[178] Ebosele, Moses (20 May 2015). "Contractor pledges to deliver $1.65b Lekki deep seaport in 41 months". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 16 May 2017. Retrieved 10 August 2017.

[chang-179] Chang, Gordon G. (8 January 2014). "China's Water Crisis Made Worse by Policy Failures". World Affairs. Archived from the original on 23 July 2019. Retrieved 23 November 2018.

[180] "Sagarmala Programme". pib.nic.in. Retrieved 25 April 2017.

[181] Macguire, Eoghan (20 November 2013). "Cuba libre: Could port herald new economic age for communist island?". CNN. Archived from the original on 14 August 2017. Retrieved 14 August 2017.

[Bloomberg-2016-03-17-182] McDonald, Michael D (17 March 2016). "China Slowdown Not Holding Back Nicaragua Canal, Contractor Says". BloombergBusiness. Archived from the original on 22 March 2016. Retrieved 21 March 2016.

[1]