Mary Wickes

American actress

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Mary Wickes
Wickes in the trailer for Where Angels Go, Trouble Follows (1968)
Born	Mary Isabella Wickenhauser (1910-06-13)June 13, 1910 St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.
Died	October 22, 1995(1995-10-22) (aged 85) Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Resting place	Shiloh Valley Cemetery in Shiloh, Illinois
Alma mater	Washington University in St. Louis
Occupation	Actress
Years active	1934–1995

Mary Wickes (born Mary Isabella Wickenhauser; June 13, 1910 – October 22, 1995) was an American film and television actress. She often played supporting roles as prim, professional women, secretaries, nurses, nuns, and housekeepers, who made sarcastic quips when the leading characters fell short of her high standards.

Early life

Mary Wickes was born to Frank Wickenhauser (1880–1943) and his wife Mary Isabella (née Shannon; died 1965) in St. Louis, Missouri of German, Scottish, and Irish extraction, and raised Protestant.^[1][2] Her parents were theater buffs, and took her to plays from the time that she could stay awake through a matinee. An excellent student, she skipped two grades and graduated at 16 from Beaumont High School. She was accepted into Washington University in St. Louis, where she joined the debate team and the Phi Mu sorority, and was initiated into Mortar Board in 1929. She graduated in 1930 with a double major in English literature and political science. Although she had planned a career in law, a favorite professor encouraged her to try drama, and she shifted direction.^[3]

Career

Mary Wickes (right) with Lucille Ball and Gale Gordon in episode "Lucy Goes on Strike" from Here's Lucy (1969)

Wickes's first Broadway appearance was in Marc Connelly's The Farmer Takes a Wife in 1934 with Henry Fonda. She began acting in films in the late 1930s and was a member of the Orson Welles troupe on his radio drama The Mercury Theatre on the Air; she also appeared in Welles's film Too Much Johnson (1938). One of her earlier significant film appearances was in The Man Who Came to Dinner (1942), reprising her stage role of Nurse Preen.

A tall (5'10"), gangling woman with a distinctive voice, Wickes would ultimately prove herself adept as a comedian. She attracted attention in Now, Voyager (1942) as the wisecracking nurse who helped Bette Davis's character during her mother's illness. (She had already appeared earlier that year with Davis in The Man Who Came To Dinner, and joined her again six years later in June Bride). In 1942, she also had a large part in the Abbott and Costello comedy Who Done It? She continued playing supporting roles in films during the next decade, usually playing wisecracking characters. A prime example was her deadpan characterization of the harassed housekeeper in the Doris Day vehicles On Moonlight Bay and By the Light of the Silvery Moon, a character type she would repeat in the holiday classic White Christmas (1954), starring Bing Crosby, Danny Kaye, Rosemary Clooney, and Vera-Ellen. She played similar roles in two later movies with Rosalind Russell in the 1960s: The Trouble with Angels and Where Angels Go, Trouble Follows.

Wickes moved to the new medium of television in 1949, starring in the title role of a Westinghouse Studio One version of Mary Poppins. In the 1950s, Wickes played the warm yet jocular maid Katie in the Mickey Mouse Club serial Annette and regular roles in the sitcoms Make Room for Daddy and Dennis the Menace. She also played the part of a ballet teacher, Madame Lamond, in the I Love Lucy episode "The Ballet" (1952). Wickes also served as the live-action reference model for Cruella De Vil in Walt Disney's One Hundred and One Dalmatians (1961),^[4] and played Mrs. Squires in the film adaptation of Meredith Willson's The Music Man (1962).

With cast of Doc. Standing, L-R: Irwin Corey and Mary Wickes. Seated: Elizabeth Wilson and Barnard Hughes (1975)

In 1953, Wickes played Martha the housekeeper to Ezio Pinza's character in the short-lived Bonino. In 1954–55, she played Alice on The Halls of Ivy, starring Ronald Colman.

In 1956, Wickes appeared with Thelma Ritter in "The Babysitter" episode of Alfred Hitchcock Presents. Wickes also appeared in two episodes of Zorro. In the 1961–62 season, she appeared as Maxfield opposite Gertrude Berg and Cedric Hardwicke in Mrs. G. Goes to College. For her work in the sitcom, Wickes was nominated for an Emmy Award for "Outstanding Performance in a Supporting Role by an Actress".^[5][6] In 1964, she appeared on The Donna Reed Show in the episode "First Addition".^[7]

In 1964, she appeared as Ida Goff in five episodes of the series Temple Houston, with Jeffrey Hunter as a historical figure, the frontier lawyer Temple Lea Houston, youngest son of Sam Houston.^[8] She played Adeline Ashley in a 1967 episode of The Beverly Hillbillies, "The Social Climbers".

A longtime friend of Lucille Ball, Wickes played frequent guest roles on I Love Lucy, The Lucy Show, and Here's Lucy. In 1970–1971, she guest starred on The Doris Day Show (Day was another of her friends). She was also a regular on the Sid and Marty Krofft children's television show Sigmund and the Sea Monsters and the sitcom Doc. She made numerous appearances as a celebrity panelist on the game show Match Game. By the 1980s, her appearances in television series such as Our Man Higgins, M*A*S*H, The Love Boat, Kolchak: The Night Stalker, and Murder, She Wrote had made her a widely recognizable character actress.^[7] She also appeared in a variety of Broadway shows, including a 1979 revival of Oklahoma! as Aunt Eller, for which she received rave reviews.

Wickes' career had a resurgence in the late 1980s and 1990s. She was cast as the mother of Shirley MacLaine's character in the film Postcards from the Edge (1990) and portrayed Marie Murkin in the television movie and series adaptations of The Father Dowling Mysteries (1989–91). One of her most notable roles happened in this time frame, when she was cast as Sister Mary Lazarus in Sister Act (1992) and in the sequel Sister Act 2: Back in the Habit (1993). She appeared in the 1994 film version of Little Women before she became ill.

Death and legacy

Wickes suffered from numerous ailments in the last years of her life that cumulatively resulted in her hospitalization, where she fell and broke her hip, prompting surgery. She died of complications following the surgery on October 22, 1995, aged 85.^[9]

Her final film role, voicing Laverne in Disney's animated feature The Hunchback of Notre Dame, was released posthumously in 1996. Wickes reportedly had only one voice recording session left for the film when she died. Jane Withers came in to finish the character's remaining six lines of dialogue.

She was interred beside her parents at the Shiloh Valley Cemetery in Shiloh, Illinois. Wickes was inducted posthumously into the St. Louis Walk of Fame in 2004.^[10]

Personal life

Wickes left a large estate and made a $2 million bequest in memory of her parents, establishing the Isabella and Frank Wickenhauser Memorial Library Fund for Television, Film and Theater Arts at Washington University in St. Louis.^[11] Wickes was a lifelong Republican.^[12]

Filmography

Film

Year	Title	Role	Notes
1942	The Man Who Came to Dinner	Nurse Preen	Both Monty Woolley and Wickes reprised their roles from the original Broadway production;[13] Screen debut[14]
	Blondie's Blessed Event	Sarah Miller
	Private Buckaroo	Bonnie-Belle Schlopkiss
	The Mayor of 44th Street	Mamie
	Now, Voyager	Nurse Dora Pickford	Based on the 1941 novel by Olive Higgins Prouty;[15] Selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant"[16]
	Who Done It?	Juliet Collins
1943	How's About It	'Mike' Tracy
	Rhythm of the Islands	Susie Dugan
	My Kingdom for a Cook	Agnes Willoughby	Uncredited
	Happy Land	Emmy
	Higher and Higher	Sandy
1948	June Bride	Rosemary McNally
	The Decision of Christopher Blake	Clara
1949	Anna Lucasta	Stella
1950	The Petty Girl	Professor Whitman
1951	On Moonlight Bay	Stella	Based loosely on the Penrod stories by Booth Tarkington
	I'll See You in My Dreams	Anna
1952	Young Man with Ideas	Mrs. Jarvis Gilpin
	The Story of Will Rogers	Mrs. Foster	Biography of humorist and movie star Will Rogers
	Bloodhounds of Broadway	Lady at Laundry	Uncredited
1953	By the Light of the Silvery Moon	Stella	Sequel to On Moonlight Bay
	Half a Hero	Mrs. Watts
	The Actress	Emma Glavey
1954	Ma and Pa Kettle at Home	Ms. Wetter
	White Christmas	Emma Allen	Loosely based on the 1942 film Holiday Inn;[17] First to be released in VistaVision
	Destry	Bessie Mae Curtis
1955	Good Morning Miss Dove	Miss Ellwood
1956	Dance with Me Henry	Miss Mayberry	Final Abbott and Costello film
1957	Don't Go Near the Water	Janie
1958	The Proud Rebel	Mrs. Ainsley	Uncredited role
1959	It Happened to Jane	Matilda Runyon	Re-released in 1961 as Twinkle and Shine[18]
1960	Cimarron	Mrs. Neal Hefner
1961	One Hundred and One Dalmatians	Cruella De Vil	Animation model
	The Sins of Rachel Cade	Marie Grieux
1962	The Music Man	Mrs. Squires (Pick-a-little Ladies)	In 2005, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant"[16]
1964	Fate Is the Hunter	Mrs. Llewlyn	Features an early film score by prolific composer Jerry Goldsmith;[19] Nominated for a 1964 Academy Award in Best Cinematography (Black-and-White)[20]
	Dear Heart	Miss Fox
1965	How to Murder Your Wife	Harold's secretary
1966	The Trouble with Angels	Sister Clarissa
1967	The Spirit Is Willing	Gloria Tritt
1968	Where Angels Go, Trouble Follows	Sister Clarissa	Sequel to The Trouble with Angels
1972	Napoleon and Samantha	Clara
	Snowball Express	Miss Wigginton
1980	Touched by Love	Margaret	Also called To Elvis, with Love
1985	The Canterville Ghost	Mrs. Umney
1986	The Christmas Gift	Henrietta Sawyer
1990	Postcards from the Edge	Grandma	Screenplay by Carrie Fisher is based on her 1987 semi-autobiographical novel
1992	Sister Act	Sister Mary Lazarus
1993	Sister Act 2: Back in the Habit
1994	Little Women	Aunt March
1996	The Hunchback of Notre Dame	Laverne	Voice, posthumous release

Short films

Year	Title	Role	Notes
1935	Watch the Birdie		Uncredited role[citation needed]
1938	Too Much Johnson	Mrs. Battison	Believed to be lost, but in 2008 a print was discovered in a warehouse in Pordenone, Italy;[21][22] Film premiered Wednesday, October 9, 2013, at the Pordenone Silent Film Festival;[22] In 2014 the film was made available online by the National Film Preservation Foundation[23]
1939	Seeing Red	Mrs. Smith	Uncredited role
1942	Keeping Fit	Ann	Andy's wife
1972	Open Window	Mrs. Sappleton

Television

Year	Title	Role	Notes
1948	Actors Studio	Guest star	Episodes: "The Catbird Seat" (S 1:Ep 5) "Good Bye, Miss Lizzie Borden" (S 1:Ep 9)
1949	Ford Theatre	Daisy Stanley	Episode: "The Man Who Came to Dinner" (S 1:Ep 4)
	The Philco Television Playhouse	Amelia Coop	Episode: "Dark Hammock" (S 1:Ep 18)
	Studio One in Hollywood	Mary Poppins	Episode: "Mary Poppins" (S 2:Ep 15)
1950	The Chevrolet Tele-Theatre	Guest star	Episode: "Highly Recommended" (S 2:Ep 36)
1951	Four Star Revue	Guest host	Episode: "December 22, 1951" (S 2:Ep 17)
1952	I Love Lucy	Madame Lamond	Episode: "The Ballet" (S 1:Ep 19)
	Studio One in Hollywood	Guest star	Episode: "Miss Hargreaves" (S 4:Ep 28)
1953–1964	The Danny Thomas Show	Liz O'Neal	Main cast Also known as Make Room for Daddy from 1953 to 1956
1954	Studio One in Hollywood	Guest star	Episode: "The Runaway" (S 6:Ep 16)
1954–1955	The Halls of Ivy	Alice	Many episodes are missing so that some credits and episode titles are unknown[24][25]
1955	The Alcoa Hour	Sally Brass	Episode: "The Small Servant" (S 1:Ep 2)
1956	Alfred Hitchcock Presents	Mrs. Armstedder	Episode: "The Baby Sitter" (S 1:Ep 32)
		Mrs. Foster	Episode: "Toby" (S 2:Ep 6)
1957	Playhouse 90	Grace	Episode: "Circle of the Day" (S 1:Ep 35)
1958	Annette	Katy	Television serial that ran on The Mickey Mouse Club during the show's third season (1957-1958)[26]
	Zorro	Dolores Bastinado	Episodes: "The Cross of the Ande" (S 1:Ep 32) "The Deadly Bolas" (S 1:Ep 33) "The Well of Death (S 1:Ep 34)
1959–1962	Dennis the Menace	Esther Cathcart	Recurring role
1959	Ford Startime	Widow Parke	Episode: "Cindy's Fella" (S 1:Ep 11)
1960	Shirley Temple Theatre	Hannah	Episode: "Little Men" (S 1:Ep 6)
1961–1962	Mrs. G. Goes to College	Maxfield	Mid-season changed to The Gertrude Berg Show
1961	The Dinah Shore Chevy Show	Edith Gunther	Episode: "Autumn Crocus" (S 5:Ep 20)
	Shirley Temple Theatre	Lootie	Episode: "The Princess and the Goblins" (S 1:Ep 24)
1963–1964	Temple Houston	Ida Goff	Main cast
1963	Bonanza	Martha	Episode: "The Colonel" (S 4:Ep 15)
	Our Man Higgins	Mme. Amethyst	Episode: "Love is Dandy" (S 1:Ep 33)
	The Lucy Show	Frances	Episodes: "Lucy Plays Cleopatra (S 2:Ep 1) "Lucy and Viv Play Softball" (S 2:Ep 3) "Lucy Puts Out a Fire at the Bank" (S 2:Ep 9)
	Kraft Suspense Theatre	Mrs. Mike	Episode: "The Machine That Played God" (S 1:Ep 7)
	Bob Hope Presents the Chrysler Theatre	Nurse	Episode: "It's Mental Work" (S 1:Ep 9)
1968–1971	Julia	Melba Chegley	Multiple
1969	Here's Lucy	Isabel	Episodes: "Lucy Goes on Strike" (S 1:Ep 16) "Lucy Gets Her Man" (S 1:Ep 21)
		Nurse	Episode: "Lucy and Harry's Tonsils" (S 2:Ep 5)
	The Doris Day Show	Emma Flood	Episode: "The Buddy" (S 1:Ep 17)
	The Queen & I	Hazel Becker	Episode: "Requiem for Becker" (S 1:Ep 4)
1970	The Debbie Reynolds Show	Aunt Harriet	Episode: "Advice and Dissent" (S 1:Ep 18)
	Here's Lucy	Mrs. Whitmark's Maid	Episode: "Lucy, the Diamond Cutter" (S 3:Ep 10)
1971	Here's Lucy	Sister Paula Carter	Episode: "Lucy and Her All-Nun Band" (S 4:Ep 8)
	Columbo	Landlady	Episode: "Suitable for Framing" (S 1:Ep 6)
	The Man and the City	Cora	Episode: "Running Scared" (S 1:Ep 8)
1972	Here's Lucy	Nurse Sylvia Ogilvy	Episodes: "Lucy's Big Break" (S 5:Ep 1) "Lucy and Eva Gabor Are Hospital Roomies" (S 5:Ep 2)
	Hallmark Hall of Fame	Nurse Preen	Episode: "The Man Who Came to Dinner" (S 22:Ep 2) Production adapted by Sam Denoff and Bill Persky, directed by Buzz Kulik; The New York Times criticized Denoff's updating of the original play, listing the production in its 1972 Worst of Television;[27] Welles's Whiteside was a television personality competing with Johnny Carson
	Sanford and Son	Mary	Episode: "The Light Housekeeper" (S 2:Ep 14)
1973	Here's Lucy	Violet Barker	Episode: "Lucy Plays Cops and Robbers" (S 6:Ep 14)
1973–1975	Sigmund and the Sea Monsters	Zelda Marshall	Main cast
1974	Here's Lucy	Clara Simpson	Episode: "Lucy, the Sheriff" (S 6:Ep 18)
	Kolchak: The Night Stalker	Dr. Bess Winestock	Episode: "They Have Been, They Are, They Will Be..." (S 1:Ep 3)
1975–1976	Doc	Nurse Beatrice Tully	Main cast
1975	M*A*S*H	Colonel Rachel Reese	Episode: "House Arrest" (S 3:Ep 18)
1976–1978	Match Game	Herself	25 daytime episodes, 4 in syndication.
1977–1978	Tabitha	Cassandra	Episodes: "Halloween Show" (S 1:Ep 3) "Tabitha's Party" (S 1:Ep 12)
1981	The Waltons	Octavia	Episode: "The Hostage" (S 9:Ep 21)
	Trapper John, M.D.	Miranda	Episode: "Hate Is Enough" (S 3:Ep 4)
1982	Trapper John, M.D.	Hazel	Episode: "The Good Life" (S 4:Ep 9)
1984	Matt Houston	Nellie Cochran	Episode: "Wanted Man" (S 3:Ep 1)
	Punky Brewster	Sister Bernadette	Episode: "Take Me Out to the Ballgame" (S 1:Ep 6)
	Trapper John, M.D.	Rocy Flanagan	Episode: "Of Cats, Crashes, and Creeps" (S 6:Ep 6)
1985	ABC Afterschool Special	Ms. Crandall	Episode: "First the Egg" (S 13:Ep 6)
	Murder, She Wrote	Mrs. Alva Carne	Episode: "Widow, Weep for Me" (S 2:Ep 1)
1987	Almost Partners	Aggie Greyson	Television film
1987–1991	Father Dowling Mysteries	Marie Murkin	Main cast
1987	Punky Brewster	Mrs. Dempsey	Episode: "So Long, Studio" (S 3:Ep 19)
1988	Highway to Heaven	Minnie	Episode: "Country Doctor" (S 4:Ep 14)
1995	Life With Louie	Grandma	Voice, Main cast

Awards and nominations

Year	Award	Category	Result	Ref
1962	Emmy Award	Outstanding Performance in a Supporting Role by an Actress	Nominated	[5][6]

References

1. U.S. Census, 1920, State of Missouri, City of St. Louis, enumeration district 410, p. 18-B, family 470.
2. U.S. Census, 1880, State of Missouri, City of St. Louis, enumeration district 333, p. 160-A, family 147.
3. "In Character: The Life and Legacy of Mary Wickes". omeka.wustl.edu. Retrieved 2015-06-08.
4. Maltin, Leonard (host) (2008). Walt Disney Treasures: The Mickey Mouse Club Presents Annette (DVD). Buena Vista Home Entertainment.
5. Awards for The Gertrude Berg Show at IMDb
6. "OUTSTANDING PERFORMANCE IN A SUPPORTING ROLE BY AN ACTRESS - 1962". emmys.com. Retrieved April 21, 2015.
7. Mary Wickes at IMDb
8. Billy Hathorn, "Roy Bean, Temple Houston, Bill Longley, Ranald Mackenzie, Buffalo Bill, Jr., and the Texas Rangers: Depictions of West Texans in Series Television, 1955 to 1967", West Texas Historical Review, Vol. 89 (2013), p. 107
9. Copy of death certificate (with wrong year of birth) Archived 2019-01-05 at the Wayback Machine, findadeath.com; accessed January 4, 2019.
10. St. Louis Walk of Fame. "St. Louis Walk of Fame Inductees". Stlouiswalkoffame.org. Archived from the original on 31 October 2012. Retrieved 25 April 2013.
11. Everett, Martha (1998-04-16). "Mary Wickes' bequest to fund library collection in film, theatre, television". Newsroom / Washington University in St. Louis. Washington University in St. Louis. Archived from the original on 2015-01-18. Retrieved 2015-01-15.
12. Taravella, Steve (17 May 2013). Mary Wickes: I Know I've Seen That Face Before. Univ. Press of Mississippi. ISBN 9781604739060. Retrieved 5 January 2019 – via Google Books.
13. "The Man Who Came to Dinner". IBDB.com. Retrieved April 16, 2015.
14. "The Man Who Came to Dinner". TCM. Retrieved April 16, 2015.
15. Prouty, Olive Higgins (1941). Now, Voyager. ISBN 9781558614765. Retrieved April 16, 2015.
16. "National Film Registry". Library of Congress. Archived from the original on April 19, 2012. Retrieved April 15, 2015.
17. Arnold, Jeremy. "White Christmas". Tcm.com. Archived from the original on February 3, 2012. Retrieved April 16, 2015.
18. "It Happened To Jane". TCM. Retrieved April 16, 2015.
19. Clemmensen, Christian. "Jerry Goldsmith (1929-2004) tribute". Filmtracks.com. Retrieved April 16, 2015.
20. "Notes: Fate Is the Hunter". TCM. Retrieved April 16, 2015.
21. "Film Threat's Top 10 Lost Films". Film Threat (filmthreat.com). January 25, 2001. Retrieved April 16, 2015.
22. Kehr, Dave (August 11, 2013). "Early Film by Orson Welles Is Rediscovered". The New York Times. Retrieved April 16, 2015.
23. "Preserved Films: "Too Much Johnson" Work Print (1938, 66 min.)". National Film Preservation Foundation. Retrieved April 16, 2015.
24. Alex McNeil, Total Television, New York: Penguin Books, 1997, p. 355 Retrieved April 17, 2015.
25. Ohmart, Ben. It's That Time Again. (2002) (Albany: BearManor Media)
26. Cotter, Bill (1997). The Wonderful World of Disney Television. New York: Hyperion Books. ISBN 0-7868-6359-5.
27. O'Connor, John J. (31 December 1972). "Television: The Best of 1972...and the Worst". The New York Times. Retrieved 5 January 2019.

External links

• Mary Wickes at IMDb
• Mary Wickes at the TCM Movie Database
• Mary Wickes at the Internet Broadway Database
• Mary Wickes at TV Guide
• Washington University Library Site - Papers of Mary Wickes
• Wickes' Entry on the St. Louis Walk of Fame
• Mary Wickes at Find a Grave