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Para la antigua zona electoral del mismo nombre, consulte Royton (circunscripción del Parlamento del Reino Unido) .

Royton
Royton Town Hall 1.jpg
Ayuntamiento de Royton
Royton is located in Greater Manchester
Royton
Royton
Ubicación dentro de Greater Manchester
Población21.284 ( censo de 2011 )
Referencia de la cuadrícula del sistema operativoSD919078
•  Londres165 mi (266 km) SSE
Distrito metropolitano
Condado metropolitano
Región
PaísInglaterra
Estado soberanoReino Unido
Ciudad de postesOLDHAM
Distrito de código postalOL2
Código telefónico0161, 01706
PolicíaGran Manchester
FuegoGran Manchester
Ambulancianoroeste
Parlamento del Reino Unido
Lista de lugares
Reino Unido
Inglaterra
Gran Manchester
53°33′58″N 2°07′16″W / 53.566 ° N 2.121 ° W / 53.566; -2.121 Coordenadas : 53.566 ° N 2.121 ° W53°33′58″N 2°07′16″W /  / 53.566; -2.121

Royton es una ciudad en el distrito metropolitano de Oldham , Gran Manchester , Inglaterra , con una población de 21.284 en 2011. [1] [2] [3] Cerca de la fuente del río Irk , cerca de tierras onduladas en las estribaciones del South Pennines , se encuentra a 1,7 millas (2,7 km) al noroeste de Oldham , 3,2 millas (5,1 km) al sureste de Rochdale y 7,6 millas (12,2 km) al noreste de Manchester .

Históricamente parte de Lancashire , Royton y sus alrededores han proporcionado evidencia de la antigua actividad británica , romana y vikinga en el área. [4] Durante la Edad Media , Royton formó un pequeño municipio centrado en Royton Hall, una casa solariega propiedad de una larga sucesión de dignatarios que incluían a los Byron y los Radcliffes . Un asentamiento se expandió hacia el exterior desde la sala que, hasta 1780, "contenía solo unas pocas cabañas rezagadas y mal construidas". [5] La agricultura era la principal industria de esta zona rural, y los lugareños complementaban sus ingresos con el telar manual. tejido de lana en el sistema doméstico .

Royton tiene la distinción de ser la primera ciudad donde se construyó una fábrica de algodón motorizada ; en Thorp en 1764, [6] [7] [8] y es una de las primeras localidades en el mundo en haber adoptado el sistema de fábrica . La introducción de la fabricación textil durante la Revolución Industrial facilitó un proceso de urbanización no planificada en el área y, a mediados del siglo XIX, Royton había surgido como una ciudad industrial . En su apogeo, había 40 fábricas de algodón, algunas de las más grandes del Reino Unido, que empleaban al 80% de la población local. [9] Las importaciones de productos de algodón extranjeros comenzaron el declive en la industria textil de Royton a mediados del siglo XX, y su última fábrica cerró en 2002.

Hoy en día, quedan todavía en pie menos de una docena de molinos, la mayoría de los cuales se utilizan para ingeniería ligera o como centros de distribución. [10] A pesar de la depresión económica provocada por la desaparición de la hilatura del algodón, la población de Royton ha seguido creciendo como resultado de la remodelación intensiva de viviendas que ha modernizado sus antiguos distritos eduardianos . [10]

Historia [ editar ]

Toponimia [ editar ]

El nombre Royton es de origen anglosajón y se ha sugerido que la cosecha de centeno es la raíz del nombre; [11] "Roy-" se deriva de Rye, con el sufijo inglés antiguo -ton agregado para implicar "granja de centeno" o "asentamiento de centeno". El primer registro escrito conocido del nombre Ryeton (o Ryton) estaba en un estudio de Lancashire en 1212, [7] aunque se cree que el nombre data del siglo VII como resultado de la colonización anglo que siguió a la Batalla de Chester . [12]

Historia temprana [ editar ]

Hay evidencia de actividad humana de la Edad de Piedra en el área, por medio de un hacha de piedra neolítica encontrada en Royton Park. [8] [13] Se cree que los antiguos británicos habitaron la zona y que los romanos la atravesaron; [4] [8] los restos de una floración romana o medieval temprana se descubrieron en 1836. [14] No hay ninguna manifestación física de los vikingos / escandinavos en la localidad, pero la evidencia toponímica implica que han estado presentes; [4]la aldea de Thorp es la localidad asentada más antigua de Royton, y su nombre es de origen nórdico antiguo que significa "granja, finca o aldea". [15]

No mencionado en el Domesday Book de 1086, Royton no aparece en los registros hasta 1212, cuando se documentó que había sido una finca thegnage , o mansión, que comprendía doce oxgangs de tierra, con una tasa anual de 24  chelines pagaderos por el inquilino, William Fitz William, al rey Juan . [5] [8] De William, quien murió en 1223, Royton pasó a su hijo Thomas, que todavía estaba vivo en 1254. La hija de Thomas, Margery, que se casó con Alexander Luttrell de Somerset , vendió la mayor parte de Royton y sus tierras periféricas a John. de Byron alrededor de 1260. Es a partir de este intercambio que la familia Byronllegó a utilizar Royton como su principal lugar de residencia hasta principios del siglo XVII. [5]

La historia temprana de Royton está relacionada con Royton Hall (en la foto), la antigua casa solariega del municipio .

La historia temprana de Royton está estrechamente relacionada con lo que entonces era su casa solariega , Royton Hall, que estuvo habitada por la familia Byron durante más de 350 años. [4] Durante ese período, la participación de los Byron en los asuntos regionales y nacionales añadió prestigio a lo que de otro modo era un municipio oscuro y rural. [4] John de Byron fue testigo de la carta constitutiva de 1301, que elevó el municipio de Manchester a la categoría de municipio . [4] Un descendiente de John, John Byron, sirvió como Alto Sheriff de Lancashire en 1572 y fue nombrado caballero por Isabel I en 1579. [4]John se desempeñó como teniente adjunto de Lancashire en el momento de la Armada española , y envió la infantería de Royton a las fuerzas armadas inglesas. [4] Su hijo, también llamado John, luchó durante la Guerra Civil Inglesa del lado de los Cavaliers . Sus acciones llevaron a haciéndole John Byron, 1r barón Byron de Rochdale a través de un título nobiliario concedido por el rey Carlos I . [4] Tras el regicidio de Carlos I y el surgimiento de la Inglaterra de Cromwell , las posesiones del barón Byron, incluidas sus tierras en Royton, fueron confiscadas. [4]Royton Hall fue luego comprado por Thomas Percival, un rico fabricante de ropa cuyos descendientes continuaron ocupando el salón hasta alrededor de 1814. [4] El salón fue heredado por los Baronets de Radcliffe . [dieciséis]

Textiles y la Revolución Industrial [ editar ]

Más información: Fabricación textil durante la Revolución Industrial

Aparte de los dignatarios que vivían en Royton Hall, la población de Royton durante la Edad Media comprendía una pequeña comunidad de criados y agricultores , la mayoría de los cuales estaban involucrados con los pastos , pero complementaban sus ingresos tejiendo lana en el sistema doméstico . [17] El área estaba escasamente poblada y consistía en varias aldeas, incluidas Thorp, Heyside y la propia aldea de Royton como núcleo. Durante el período moderno temprano , los tejedores de Royton habían estado usando ruedas giratorias en cabañas de tejedores improvisados ., pero a medida que aumentó la demanda de productos de algodón y mejoró la tecnología de la maquinaria de hilado de algodón a principios del siglo XVIII, se hizo evidente la necesidad de estructuras más grandes para albergar equipos más grandes, mejores y más eficientes. Se dice que la construcción de una fábrica de algodón impulsada por agua por Ralph Taylor en Thorp Clough en 1764 es la primera estructura de este tipo. [6] [7] [15] Siguió la construcción de más molinos, que inició un proceso de urbanización y transformación socioeconómica en la región; la población se alejó de la agricultura y adoptó el empleo en el sistema fabril . [17]La introducción del sistema de fábricas condujo a un aumento de diez veces la población de Royton en menos de un siglo; de 260 en 1714 a 2719 en 1810. [17] A pesar de su crecimiento como centro para la producción de telas de algodón, y la construcción de una capilla de la facilidad en 1754, en 1780 se dice que Royton "contenía sólo unos pocos rezagados y mezquinos -Casitas construidas ". [5] La gente de Royton continuó produciendo artículos de algodón (principalmente tela) y vendiéndolos en el mercado de Manchester. [17]

Los ensayos de radicales en Royton's Tandle Hill (en la foto) llevaron a un aumento de las tensiones en torno a la desafortunada manifestación política ahora conocida como la masacre de Peterloo .

Durante este período de crecimiento, la representación parlamentaria de Royton se limitó a dos miembros del parlamento de Lancashire y, a nivel nacional, el final de las guerras napoleónicas en 1815 había dado lugar a períodos de hambruna y desempleo crónico para los tejedores textiles. A principios de 1819, la presión generada por las malas condiciones económicas, junto con la falta de sufragio en el norte de Inglaterra , había aumentado el atractivo del radicalismo político en la región. [18]La Unión Patriótica de Manchester, un grupo que lucha por la reforma parlamentaria, comenzó a organizar una manifestación pública masiva en Manchester para exigir la reforma de la representación parlamentaria. Se llevaron a cabo los preparativos organizados, y un espía informó que "setecientos hombres entrenaron en Tandle Hill tan bien como lo haría cualquier regimiento del ejército"; [19] Pocos días después, el 3 de agosto, se publicó en Manchester una proclama real que prohibía la práctica de perforaciones. [20]

El 16 de agosto de 1819, Royton (como sus vecinos) envió un contingente de sus habitantes a Manchester para unirse a la manifestación política masiva ahora conocida como la masacre de Peterloo (debido a las 15 muertes y 400 a 700 heridos que siguieron). [21] [22] El contingente de Royton fue de particular interés, ya que envió una sección femenina considerable a la demostración. [23]

El clima húmedo de Royton proporcionó las condiciones ideales para que la hilatura del algodón se llevara a cabo sin que el algodón se secara ni se rompiera, y la mecanización recientemente desarrollada del siglo XIX optimizó la hilatura del algodón para la producción en masa para el mercado global. En 1832, había 12 molinos de vapor en Royton, de los cuales sus antiguas aldeas habían comenzado a aglomerarse como una ciudad alrededor de las fábricas de algodón, una serie de pequeñas minas de carbón y una nueva carretera de peaje de Oldham a Rochdale, que pasaba por el centro de la ciudad. [24] El ferrocarril de Manchester, Oldham y Royton y un patio de mercancías se construyeron en la década de 1860, lo que permitió un mejor transporte de productos textiles y materias primas hacia y desde el municipio. [24]La vecina Oldham (que en la década de 1870 había surgido de la ciudad industrial más grande y productiva del mundo) [25] había comenzado a invadir el límite sur de Royton, formando un distrito urbano continuo de hilatura de algodón. La demanda de productos de algodón baratos de esta zona provocó la salida a bolsa de empresas de hilatura de algodón; la inversión fue seguida por la construcción de 22 nuevas fábricas de algodón en Royton. [26] Junto con Oldham, en su apogeo, el área era responsable del 13% de la producción mundial de algodón. [27]

Construida en 1926, Elk Mill (en el límite Royton- Chadderton ) [22] fue una de las fábricas de algodón más grandes y modernas del Reino Unido . Cerró en 1998 y fue demolido un año después.

Los suministros de algodón en rama de los Estados Unidos se cortaron durante la Hambruna del Algodón de Lancashire de 1861-1865 , lo que llevó a la formación de la Junta de Salud Local de Royton en 1863, cuyo propósito era garantizar la seguridad social y mantener la higiene y el saneamiento en la localidad. [24] El 26 de noviembre de 1884, un artefacto explosivo que contenía pólvora fue detonado en el Ayuntamiento de Royton , en un sótano debajo de las oficinas de la junta local de Royton. [28] El supuesto atacante recibió una comunicación anónima, indicando que tenía la intención de la explosión para la Junta Escolar de Royton porque los niños no pueden trabajar a la edad de 10 años, y porque quería la abolición de laActos de fábrica . [29] No hubo muertes causadas por la explosión, y los daños al edificio se limitaron a daños por humo y ventanas, puertas y carpintería rotas. [28] La Gran Depresión y la Primera y la Segunda Guerra Mundial contribuyeron cada una a períodos de declive económico en Royton. Sin embargo, a finales de la década de 1950, el 80% de la población de Royton estaba empleada en las fábricas textiles . [10] A medida que aumentaron las importaciones de hilados extranjeros más baratos a mediados del siglo XX, el sector textil de Royton disminuyó gradualmente hasta detenerse; la hilatura de algodón se redujo en los años sesenta y setenta y, a principios de los ochenta, sólo funcionaban cuatro fábricas. [10]A pesar de los esfuerzos para aumentar la eficiencia y competitividad de su producción, el último algodón se hiló en la ciudad en 2002. [8] [10] Menos de una docena de molinos todavía están en pie en Royton, la mayoría de los cuales ahora se utilizan para ingeniería ligera o como centros de distribución. [10]

Historia postindustrial [ editar ]

Desde la desindustrialización, la población de Royton ha seguido creciendo como resultado de la remodelación de vivienda intensiva que se ha modernizado mucho sus antiguos Edwardian cubierta colgante distritos, [10] y la construcción de minoristas y parques empresariales , que proporcionan empleo. [30] Posteriormente, la ciudad ha sido descrita como "mejor que la mayoría" en el Gran Manchester. [31] A pesar de esto, desde el cambio de milenio Royton ha sido destinado a la gentrificación cosmética. [31] En la década de 2000, Royton se utilizó como lugar de rodaje del drama policial Life on Mars de BBC One., particularly the area near Lion Mill.[32] Life on Mars is set in 1970s Manchester.

Governance[edit]

The coat of arms of the former Royton Urban District Council.[33]

Lying within the historic county boundaries of Lancashire since the early 12th century, Royton anciently constituted a thegnage estate, held by tenants who paid tax to the King.[5] Royton during the Middle Ages formed a township in the parish of Prestwich-cum-Oldham, and hundred of Salford.[5] Anciently, law and order was upheld in the locality by two constables, chosen by the community and appointed annually by Vestry meetings.[34]

Following the Poor Law Amendment Act 1834, Royton formed part of the Oldham Poor Law Union, an inter-parish unit established to provide social security.[3] Royton's first was a local board of health established in 1863;[3] Royton Local Board of Health was a regulatory body responsible for standards of hygiene and sanitation in the township.[3] In 1871 Royton was noted as a large village-chapelry, and a sub-district of the Oldham registration district.[35] In 1879, a part of the neighbouring township of Thornham was amalgamated into the area of the local board. Following the Local Government Act 1894, the area of the Local Board became the Royton Urban District, a local government district within the administrative county of Lancashire.[3] The urban district council was based in Royton Town Hall, which had been purpose built for the local board in 1880. In 1933, a part of the neighbouring Municipal Borough of Middleton was transferred to Royton Urban District.[3] Under the Local Government Act 1972, the Royton Urban District was abolished, and Royton has, since 1 April 1974, formed an unparished area of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, a local government district of the metropolitan county of Greater Manchester.[3][36] Royton has two of the twenty wards of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham: Royton North and Royton South.[37]

In terms of parliamentary representation, Royton after the Reform Act 1832 was represented as part of the Oldham parliamentary borough constituency, of which the first Members of Parliaments (MPs) were the radicals William Cobbett and John Fielden.[35] Winston Churchill was the MP between 1900 and 1906.[38] Constituency boundaries changed during the 20th century, and Royton has lain within the Royton (1918–1950), Heywood and Royton (1950–1983), and Oldham Central and Royton (1983–1997) constituencies. Since 1997, Royton has lain within Oldham West and Royton. Until his death in 2015, it was represented in the House of Commons by Michael Meacher, a member of the Labour Party.[39]

Geography[edit]

Further information: Geography of Greater Manchester

At 53°33′57″N 2°7′16″W / 53.56583°N 2.12111°W / 53.56583; -2.12111 (53.566°, −2.121°) and 165 miles (266 km) north-northwest of London, Royton lies at the foothills of the Pennines, roughly 688 feet (210 m) above sea level.[40] The larger towns of Rochdale and Oldham lie to the north and south respectively.[41] For purposes of the Office for National Statistics, Royton forms part of the Greater Manchester Urban Area,[42] with Manchester city centre itself 7.6 miles (12.2 km) southwest of Royton.

Described in Samuel Lewis's A Topographical Dictionary of England (1848) as being in "aspect rather wild",[43] Royton lies in a shallow valley amongst undulating land.[22] The sources of the rivers Irk and Beal are to the northeast and east respectively.[22] The Irk meanders southwesterly into Chadderton, and then onwards to Middleton into Manchester before uniting its waters with the River Irwell in Manchester city centre.[22] The general slope of the land decreases in height away from the Pennines, from east to west, but reaches high points of 509 feet (155 m) at Tandle Hill and 825 feet (251 m) at the summit of Oldham Edge, a ridge of elevated land which leads to Oldham.[5] The soils of the town are broadly sand with subsoils of clay.[5]

Royton's built environment follows a standard urban structure, consisting of residential dwellings centred around a High Street in the town centre, which is the local centre of commerce.[44] There is a mixture of low-density urban areas, suburbs, semi-rural and rural locations in Royton, but overwhelmingly the land use in the town is residential.[22] Tandle Hill is a 110-acre (45 ha) country park consisting of open grasslands and mature beech woodlands.[45]

A panorama of Royton in 2008 from the Church of St Ann, Royton, looking northwards.

Suburban localities in Royton include Haggate, Heyside, Holden Fold, Long Sight (or Longsight), Oozewood, Royley, Salmon Fields, Stott Field, Thornham, and Thorp.[5][22][41] Thornham was formerly a township in itself, but was amalgamated into Royton in the late-19th century.[3]

Demography[edit]

Further information: Demography of Greater Manchester
Royton compared
2001 UK censusRoyton[46]Oldham (borough)[47]England
Total population22,238217,27349,138,831
White97.4%86.1%90.9%
Asian1.1%11.9%4.6%
Black0.3%0.6%2.3%

According to the Office for National Statistics, at the time of the United Kingdom Census 2001, Royton (urban-core and sub-area) had a total resident population of 22,238.[48] Royton considered as a combination of the 2001 electoral wards of Royton North and Royton South, had a population of 20,961.[49][50] The 2001 population density of the urban area was 11,519 inhabitants per square mile (4,448/km2), with a 100 to 92.3 female-to-male ratio.[51] Of those over 16 years old, 25.3% were single (never married) 46.8% married, and 8.4% divorced.[52] Royton's 9,204 households included 26.1% one-person, 42.1% married couples living together, 9.3% were co-habiting couples, and 9.6% single parents with their children.[53] Of those aged 16–74, 31.7% had no academic qualifications.[54]

At the 2001 UK census, 84.8% of Royton's residents reported themselves as being Christian, 0.8% Muslim, 0.4% Hindu, and 0.1% Buddhist. The census recorded 7.9% as having no religion, 0.1% had an alternative religion and 5.9% did not state their religion.[55]

Royton's population has been described as broadly working class with pockets of lower middle class communities, particularly in the southwest of the town, near the border with Chadderton,[56] and a growing middle middle class community to the north near Tandle Hill Country Park.

Population growth in Royton since 1901
Year190119111921193119391951196119711981199120012011
Population14,88117,06917,19416,68914,77114,78114,47420,39421,09821,47522,23821,284
Urban District 1901–1971[57]  • Urban Subdivision 1981–2001[58][59][60]

Economy[edit]

From the 18th century onwards, Royton's economy was closely tied with that of Britain's textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution, particularly the cotton spinning sector.[24] However, Royton also lies on the Oldham Coalfield, and coal mining had an economic role for the area in as early as the 17th century.[61] Mining peaked in the 19th century with over 200 collieries in the town.[61] Royton's pits were prone to repeated flooding, and owners began to close them. Coal production began to decline even before that of the local spinning industry, with the last pit closing in 1902.[61]

Since deindustrialisation, Royton's economic activity has been focused around a 22-acre (8.9 ha) business park at Salmon Fields which includes distribution companies such as 3663 and Holroyd Meek, manufacturing firms including bed manufacturers Slumberland, and formerly included vehicle assembly at Seddon Atkinson.[30] Formerly an area of "green fields", the Salmon Fields Business Village was proposed in 1983, and developed into a business park later that decade despite objections that the estate would ruin a "beautiful area", and cause noise pollution.[30] There are additional retail parks in the locality, including the centre (formerly Elk Mill Retail Park),[62] which lies at the start of the A627(M) motorway.[41]

Opposite Royton Town Hall is a shopping precinct containing 23 shop units and a supermarket operated by the Co-operative Food. The site was opened in 1971 and occupies the town's former market street, which was demolished in 1969.[63][64] In 2004 a report noted that a weakness of the precinct is that it lacks a variety of shops.[65]

Landmarks[edit]

Royton Town Hall: the half-sized clock face on the eastern facade is said to have been a result of civic rivalry with neighbouring Shaw and Crompton.

Historically, Royton's only landmark was Royton Hall, the township's former manor house which was inhabited by local dignitaries from its construction (in as early as the 13th century) to 1814.[4] Part of the hall was erected during the 16th century, but the east wing was crafted in the Elizabethan or Jacobean architectural style.[64] In 1794 it was described as "pleasantly seated in a deep valley, surrounded by high grounds. It is a firm, well built stone edifice of ancient date".[4] During the First World War, Royton Hall was used to house Belgian refugees, and following the war was bought by Dr John Thomas Godfrey. After he took his family to South Africa, it stood empty until it was converted into flats. The hall fell into disrepair in the 1930s and was demolished in 1938.[66] The foundations of the structure were excavated in 2005 leading to the discovery of original panes of glass and a Tudor stair tower.[67]

Royton Town Hall is a purpose-built municipal building opened in September 1880, by James Ashworth, the first Chairman of Royton Local Board of Health.[68] It was constructed in a free style of architecture, and includes a domed roof and clock tower topped by a copper cupola.[68] By the entrance is a flagstaff which flies the Union Flag.[68] The clock tower is inscribed on three sides with Latin mottos: "Tempus Fugit" (time flies), "Sic Labitur Aetas" (so the years pass by) and "Finem Respice" (have regards to the end). The clock face on the east side, facing Shaw and Crompton is half the size of the other three. A local tale is that when the Church of Holy Trinity at Shaw was constructed in 1869, it had no clock on the western facade of its clock tower, which faced Royton. The reduced clock face size at Royton Town Hall is said to have been a retaliation.[64]

Royton War Memorial

Royton War Memorial lies at the summit of Tandle Hill, and was erected "in memory of the men of Royton who gave their lives for the freedom and honour of their country" during the First World War.[69] It is a Portland stone obelisk, that originally bore plaques listing the fallen, and had a bronze sculpture of Victory at its base. It was commissioned by the Royton War Memorial Committee and unveiled on 22 October 1921 by Edward Stanley, 17th Earl of Derby.[70] The original plaques were stolen in 1969, and replacements were later installed in the grounds of Royton's Church of St Paul.[69][70]

Royton Library is a Carnegie library, a gift of Andrew Carnegie.[64] It was opened in 1907 by Edward Stanley, 4th Baron Stanley of Alderley, an aristocrat and former Member of Parliament for the area. The surnames of four prominent writers—Bacon, Carlyle, Spencer and Milton—are inscribed above one of four windows on the building face, by the entrance.[64]

Transport[edit]

Public transport in Royton is co-ordinated by the Transport for Greater Manchester. Major A roads link Royton with other settlements, including the A671 road. Originally built as a turnpike between Oldham and Rochdale, the A671 bisects Royton from the southeast, forming the town's main street,[44] before continuing northwards through Rochdale, Burnley and terminates at the village of Worston in Lancashire.[41] The M62 motorway runs to the north of the area and is accessed via the A663 at junction 21 and junction 20 via the A627(M) motorway, which terminates at Royton's southwestern boundary.[41]

Royton railway station lay at the end of a branch from Royton Junction on the Oldham Loop Line, which was part of the route which connected Manchester, Oldham and Rochdale. The station was opened in 1864 and closed in April 1966.[71] It featured steep gradients on the line up to Royton Junction, which, in October 1908, caused an accident when a goods train ran out of control on the gradient down to the station, killing a fireman.[72] In February 1961, a four-coach runaway train crashed through the buffers at Royton railway station and continued on over High Barn Street. Five houses were damaged. The driver of the train was injured, but there were no fatal or severe injuries to the public. Five people from the damaged houses were taken to hospital suffering from shock and bruises, and in one case a fractured clavicle.[73]

There are frequent buses running through Royton with services to a variety of destinations in Greater Manchester. Bus services operate to Ashton-under-Lyne, Manchester, Middleton, Oldham, Rochdale, Shaw and Stalybridge are operated by First Greater Manchester on their 24, 64, 181, 182, 402, 408, 409 and 428 services.[41]

Education[edit]

See also: List of schools in Oldham

The Village School of Royton was founded in 1785, and continued to provide education until 1833,[74] when a new school linked with Royton's parish church of St Paul, was opened. The village school became the local Sunday School, but split from St Paul's in 1838, reopening as a day school.[74] The village school closed in 1907 and was demolished in 1969.[74]Almost every suburb of Royton is served by a school of some kind, including some with religious affiliations. All the schools in the town perform either at or above the national average for test results. Royton has eight primary schools, including Blackshaw Lane Junior and Infant School, Fir Bank Primary School, Royton Hall Primary School, SS Aidan & Oswald RC Primary School, St Anne's CE Royton, St Paul's CE Primary School, Thornham St James CE Primary School and Thorp Community Primary School. Royton has two secondary schools, E-Act Royton and Crompton Academy and Our Lady's RC High School. E-Act Royton and Crompton Academy is a coeducational, secondary comprehensive school for 11- to 16-year-olds. It has Science College status and was constructed in 1968.[75] Our Lady's RC High School is a coeducational Roman Catholic high school and sixth form college for 11- to 19-year-olds.[76] It was established in 1961 and specialialises in Mathematics and Computing.[76] In the 2000s, Oldham Council and the Diocese of Salford agreed to merge Our Lady's with the St Augustine of Canterbury RC High School in Werneth. However, the proposal, which would have a newly built Catholic secondary on a new site in the 2010s, has been met with protest.[77]

Sports[edit]

Royton Town F.C. is an amateur association football club which was established as the Stotts Benham works side in the Rochdale Alliance League, but changed its name to Royton Town in 1985.[78] The team won the Rochdale Alliance Premier Division treble and were unbeaten for two and a half seasons, progressing to the Lancashire Amateur League in 1994. Since 2001–2002 it has played in the Premier Division of the Manchester Football League.[78] Royton Cricket Club, plays in the Central Lancashire Cricket League (winning it on two occasions in 1914 and 1980).[79] The Crompton and Royton Golf Club lies on the western fringe of the town, and has a prime heathland 18-hole golf course, spanning 6,215 yards (5,683 m). The club operates a variety of open competitions.[80]

Royton Amateur Swimming and Water Polo Club has been serving the town for over 100 years and is affiliated to Central Lancashire Swimming Association, It has a long a rich history and the Water Polo section has had several GB players the latest Joe OReagan who played for GB in the London Olympics, Because of the lack of pool time there is only under 14s and Junior teams but are very successful playing in the Manchester and Bolton leagues and the Central Lancs leagues.

Religion[edit]

See also: List of churches in Greater Manchester
The Parish Church of St Paul, Royton is in the Anglican Diocese of Manchester.

Royton had no medieval church of its own, and for ecclesiastical purposes, lay within the parish of Prestwich-cum-Oldham in the Diocese of Lichfield, until 1541, when this diocese was divided and Royton became part of the Diocese of Chester.[22] This in turn was divided in 1847, when the present Diocese of Manchester was created. For ritual baptisms, marriages and burials, the people of Royton, a Christian community, had to travel to churches that lay outside of the township's boundaries, including Oldham, St Mary's, Middleton, St Leonard's or Prestwich, St Mary's.

A chapel of ease under the mother church of Prestwich, St Mary's, was built between 1754 and 1757, paid for by voluntary contributions.[81] The chapel was consecrated on 1 July 1757, dedicated to Paul the Apostle.[81] St Paul's Chapel was extended throughout the 19th century as the population of Royton grew, with a tower and clock added in 1828 and extensions in 1854 and again in 1883.[81] The nave of the chapel was demolished in 1889 and the existing church building in neo-Gothic style was erected.[82] St Paul's is in the Oldham West Deanery of the Diocese of Manchester. The Westwood Moravian Church congregation has recently relocated to Royton.

In addition to the established church, a variety of Reformed denominations have been practised in Royton. The Religious Society of Friends were recorded as holding conventicles in Heyside in as early as the 1650s.[74] A Baptist meeting place was erected in 1775.[83] Congregational preachers regularly visited Royton, but it was not until 1854 that a workshop was established in the town.[84] Primitive Methodism was established in Royton in a room in a Royley building, with its first purpose-built church being erected in 1867.[85]

Roman Catholicism in Royton after the English Reformation began in 1874, when a disused factory was used as a chapel.[86] Sir Percival Radcliffe, the then owner of Royton Hall, gave land and £2,000 towards the construction of a new Catholic school-chapel which opened in 1880; the local priest lived at Royton Hall.[86] A rectory was built in 1901 and in 1966 the church, dedicated to saints Aidan and Oswald, was rebuilt.[86] Royton, which forms part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Salford, continues to have a Catholic community, supported by Our Lady's R.C. High School.[86]

Public services[edit]

Home Office policing in Royton is provided by the Greater Manchester Police, .[87] Before its demolition in 2015 there had been a police station in Royton since 1855.[34] Public transport is co-ordinated by Transport for Greater Manchester. Statutory emergency fire and rescue service is provided by the Greater Manchester Fire and Rescue Service.

There are no hospitals in Royton, although the Royal Oldham Hospital lies at Royton's boundary in neighbouring Coldhurst, in Oldham; some local health care is provided by Royton Health and Well-being Centre, an NHS surgery under the Pennine Care NHS Foundation Trust. The Royton Health and Well-being Centre,[88] which opened in October 2010, replaced Royton Health Centre which had been criticised for its limited space and poor layout. The Primary Care Trust plan to sell the old Royton Health Centre premises.[89]

The North West Ambulance Service provides emergency patient transport in the area. Other forms of health care are provided for locally by several small specialist clinics and surgeries. Dr Kershaw's Hospice was opened in 1989, but traces its origins to a cottage hospital built in the 1930s with a legacy from Dr John Kershaw, a local General Practitioner and Medical Officer for Health. Dr Kershaw's Hospice, a registered charity, provides specialist palliative care for adults with non-curable life-threatening illnesses.[90]

Waste management is co-ordinated by the via the Greater Manchester Waste Disposal Authority.[91] Locally produced inert waste for disposal is sent to landfill at the Beal Valley.[92] Royton's Distribution Network Operator for electricity is United Utilities;[93] there are no power stations in the town. United Utilities also manages Royton's drinking and waste water;[93] water supplies are sourced from several local reservoirs, including Dovestones and Chew.[94]

Notable people[edit]

See also: List of people from Oldham

Historically, Royton was chiefly distinguished by the presence of the Byrons and Radcliffes, both lines of dignitaries who lived in the locality. John Lees of Turf Lane in Royton was an inventor who made a substantial improvement to machinery for carding cotton in 1772.[95] John Hogan was a Royton-born recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest military decoration awarded for valour "in the face of the enemy" to members of the British and Commonwealth forces.[96]Although described as the "quintessential Cockney kid" Jack Wild was born in Royton in 1952, eight years before he moved to London with his parents in 1960.[97] Wild played the role of the Artful Dodger in the 1968 musical film Oliver!, and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance.[98] Other notable people from Royton include actor Kieran O'Brien, who gained notoriety for his role in the 2004 film 9 Songs,[99] glamour model Michelle Marsh,[100] and radio and television presenter Nick Grimshaw.[101]

See also[edit]

  • Listed buildings in Royton

References[edit]

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Bibliography[edit]

  • Ballard, Elsie (1967), A Chronicle of Crompton (2nd ed.), Royton: Burnage Press (published 1986), ISBN 5-00-096678-3
  • Farrer, William; Brownbill, John, eds. (1911), A History of the County of Lancaster: Volume 5, Victoria County History, London: Constable, ISBN 978-0-7129-1055-2CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
  • Frangopulo, N. J. (1977), Tradition in Action: the historical evolution of the Greater Manchester County, Wakefield: EP, ISBN 0-7158-1203-3
  • Lewis, Samuel (1848), A Topographical Dictionary of England, London: S. Lewis and Co., ISBN 978-0-8063-1508-9
  • Marlow, Joyce (1969), The Peterloo Massacre, Rapp & Whiting, ISBN 0-85391-122-3
  • McNeil, R. & Nevell, M. (2000), A Guide to the Industrial Archaeology of Greater Manchester, Association for Industrial Archaeology, ISBN 0-9528930-3-7
  • McPhillips, K. (1977), Oldham: the formative years, Neil Richardson, ISBN 1-85216-119-1
  • Reid, Robert (1989), The Peterloo Massacre, London: William Heinemann, ISBN 0-434-62901-4
  • Stott, Frances (1994), Looking Back at Royton, Oldham: Oldham Arts and Heritage, ISBN 0-902809-29-6
  • Waller, Robert; Criddle, Byron (2002), Almanac of British Politics, London: Routledge, ISBN 0-415-26833-8

External links[edit]

  • www.zen42299.zen.co.uk, Royton Local History Society.