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William Hillcourt
Hillcourt and Baden-Powell.jpg
Hillcourt (izquierda) y Lord Robert Baden-Powell (derecha) , en Hillcourt Cottage, reserva Schiff Scout, el 15 de julio de 1935
Nació
Vilhelm Hans Bjerregaard Jensen

6 de agosto de 1900
Aarhus , Dinamarca
Fallecido9 de noviembre de 1992 (92 años)
Estocolmo , Suecia
Lugar de descansoCementerio de San José, Mendham, Nueva Jersey , Estados Unidos
NacionalidadDanés, americano
OcupaciónScouter
EmpleadorBoy Scouts of America
Conocido porPrimer director del curso de Wood Badge de EE. UU. , Autor que incluye el Manual de Boy Scout , el Libro de campo de Boy Scout , el Manual de líderes de patrulla y artículos para las revistas Boys 'Life y Scouting .
Esposos)Grace Brown
Padres)Johannes Hans Bjerregaard Jensen
Andrea Christine (de soltera Pedersen)
PremiosKnight-Scout, Dinamarca (1918)
Distinguido Eagle Scout Award (1978)
Silver Buffalo Award (1980)
Bronze Wolf Award (1985)
Firma
Green Bar Bill signature.png

William Hillcourt (6 de agosto de 1900 - 9 de noviembre de 1992), conocido dentro del movimiento Scouting como " Green Bar Bill ", fue un líder influyente en la organización Boy Scouts of America (BSA) de 1927 a 1992. [1] Hillcourt fue un prolífico escritor y maestro en las áreas de artesanía en madera, estructura de tropas y patrullas, y entrenamiento; sus trabajos escritos incluyen tres ediciones del Manual Boy Scout oficial de BSA , con más de 12,6 millones de copias impresas, otros libros relacionados con el escultismo y numerosos artículos de revistas. Hillcourt desarrolló y promovió la adaptación estadounidense del programa de capacitación de líderes Scouts adultos Wood Badge .

Hillcourt era danés, pero se mudó a los Estados Unidos cuando era un adulto joven. Desde su inicio en el escultismo danés en 1910 hasta su muerte en 1992, estuvo continuamente activo en el escultismo. Viajó por todo el mundo enseñando y capacitando tanto a Scouts como a Scouters , ganando muchos de los más altos honores de Scouting. Su legado e influencia aún se pueden ver hoy en el programa BSA y en los manuales y métodos de capacitación Scouting para jóvenes y adultos.

Vida personal [ editar ]

Hillcourt nació en 1900 en Aarhus , Dinamarca y fue el menor de tres hijos de un contratista de obras. Se le dio el nombre de Vilhelm Hans Bjerregaard Jensen. Alrededor de 1930, cambió su nombre al anglicizar "Vilhelm", traduciendo "Bjerregaard" a "Hill-court" y dejando caer "Jensen". Su primer trabajo publicado fue un poema sobre trolls y elfos, impreso por un periódico de Aarhus cuando tenía nueve años. [1] Para la Navidad de 1910, el hermano de Hillcourt le dio una traducción al danés de Scouting for Boys de Baden-Powell , el fundador del movimiento Scout . Luego ganó el premio más alto en el escultismo danés, Knight-Scout en 1918, [2]a los 17 años. Fue seleccionado para representar a su tropa en el 1er Jamboree Scout Mundial en Olimpia en 1920, donde conoció a Baden-Powell, con quien más tarde trabajaría. [3] [4]

Mientras Hillcourt estudiaba farmacia en Copenhague, se involucró más en el escultismo. Como líder Scout , se convirtió en Scoutmaster, instructor nacional, escritor y luego editor de la revista Danish Scouting. Escribió su primer libro, La isla , relatando sus primeras experiencias Scouting. [4]

Después de decidir experimentar el escultismo en todo el mundo y regresar a casa con las mejores ideas, Hillcourt se abrió camino a través de Europa e Inglaterra y luego llegó a los Estados Unidos en febrero de 1926. [5] Pronto fue contratado por la oficina nacional de BSA y trabajó para la BSA hasta que se retiró como Scouter profesional en 1965. [6] En 1933 Hillcourt se casó con Grace Brown, la secretaria personal del Jefe Ejecutivo Scout James E. West . [4]

Carrera de scouting [ editar ]

Hillcourt trabajó en un campamento de BSA en Bear Mountain en Harriman State Park , Nueva York, en 1926, donde se convirtió en instructor de danza indígena americana . [5] [7] Luego trabajó para la División de Suministros de BSA donde se rompió la pierna cuando una caja le cayó encima. Conoció a James West mientras viajaba en un ascensor en la oficina nacional. [8] West solicitó los pensamientos de Hillcourt sobre el Movimiento Scout en los Estados Unidos. Hillcourt luego envió a West un memorando de 18 páginas detallando problemas con la falta de estructura de patrulla y liderazgo. Recomendó que la BSA redactara un manual para los líderes de patrulla, y que debía ser escrito por alguien que hubiera sido tanto líder de patrulla como Scoutmaster.. West contrató a Hillcourt como escritor y editor y más tarde fue persuadido de encargar a Hillcourt que escribiera el primer Manual para Líderes de Patrulla que se publicó en 1929. [4]

Hillcourt con un tótem , hecho por Ernest Thompson Seton , en su césped, presentado en un homenaje al 85 cumpleaños en la revista Scouting

Desde 1932 hasta su jubilación en 1965, Hillcourt fue uno de los principales contribuyentes de Boys 'Life , la revista para jóvenes Scouting. Cada número mensual incluía una página sobre avance y Scoutcraft , habilidades de Scouting al aire libre, e incluía su firma superpuesta sobre las dos barras verdes que son el emblema del líder de la patrulla, lo que llevó a su apodo "Green Bar Bill" y su adopción como logotipo. de su columna regular Boys 'Life . [1] [4]

Hillcourt recibió la tarea de escribir un nuevo manual para Scoutmasters en 1934 y trabajó con su buen amigo y colega E. Urner Goodman , el director del programa nacional de BSA. Él y su esposa se mudaron a una casa en Mendham Borough, Nueva Jersey , para estar cerca de la Reserva Scout de Schiff , [9] el centro nacional de capacitación de la BSA, para que pudiera estar listo para poner sus teorías a prueba práctica. Para ello, fundó la Tropa 1 de Mendham en 1935 como una unidad autorizada directamente al Consejo Nacional de la BSA. Como Scoutmaster, usó Tropa 1 para probar y validar su trabajo durante 16 años. [6]

Los Baden-Powell visitaron Schiff en 1935 y entablaron una sólida amistad con los Hillcourts. Baden-Powell murió en 1941. Después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial , la viuda de Baden-Powell, Olave Baden-Powell , permitió a Hillcourt editar Aids to Scoutmastership en las Ediciones de la Hermandad Mundial para ayudar al movimiento Scout a recuperarse de la guerra. Luego le permitió a Hillcourt acceder a las cartas, diarios y cuadernos de bocetos de Baden-Powell cuando ella y Hillcourt fueron coautores de la biografía narrativa de Baden-Powell, Baden-Powell: Las dos vidas de un héroe . [4] [10] [11]

The BSA national office moved from New York City to North Brunswick, New Jersey, in 1954, and the Hillcourts moved with it. He completed the sixth edition of the Boy Scout Handbook in time for the BSA's 50th anniversary in 1960.[12]

Wood Badge[edit]

See also: Wood Badge (Boy Scouts of America)

To encourage the creation of Rovering in the U.S., J. S. Wilson travelled from the UK to oversee a Wood Badge course in May 1936 at Schiff. Hillcourt was a participant in that first course and four days later, he was the senior patrol leader for the second course. He received his Wood Badge beads in 1939 and was appointed as the deputy camp director for Wood Badge. After World War II, Wood Badge was revived and Hillcourt was the Scoutmaster for a test course begun on July 31, 1948, at Schiff and the first standard course at Philmont Scout Ranch. As the national director of training, Hillcourt wore five Wood Badge beads, a tradition that has been discontinued in the U.K. Scout Association, however other countries still continue the use of the five Wood Badge Beads and are still worn by the National Volunteer Leader of Wood Badge Training of each country as well as by special decree of Gilwell Park today.[13][14]

In the year before his retirement on August 1, 1965, the national council began a program to update the Wood Badge program and shift its emphasis from teaching Scoutcraft to leadership skills. After he was officially retired, his opinion was still sought after and respected.[15] Dr. John W. Larson, Director of Boy Scout Leader Training for the National Council, was working with Béla H. Bánáthy and Bob Perin, Assistant National Director, Volunteer Training Service, to adapt the leadership competencies of the White Stag Leadership Development Program into a new Wood Badge syllabus.[15]

Hillcourt was among the few on the National Staff who strongly resisted the change to the Wood Badge program. He attended the presentation that Larson made to the national Scout committee on the new Wood Badge curriculum. Larson later reported, "He fought us all the way ... He had a vested interest in what had been and resisted every change. I just told him to settle down, everything was going to be all right." Hillcourt presented an alternative to Larson's plan to incorporate leadership into Wood Badge. Chief Scout Executive Joseph Brunton asked Larson to look at Hillcourt's plan, and Larson reported back that it was the same stuff, just reordered and rewritten. Larson's plan for Wood Badge was approved and he moved ahead to begin implementing the proposed changes.[15]

Later life[edit]

Hillcourt later in life

Hillcourt retired from the BSA on August 1, 1965. In 1971, he and Grace finally completed the world tour he had started in 1926; along the way they attended the 13th World Scout Jamboree in Fujinomiya, Japan. Grace Hillcourt died in 1973.[5] Rather than live alone, Bill moved into the home of his good friends Carson and Martha Buck.

The BSA had introduced the "Improved Scouting Program" in 1972, along with a new edition of the Boy Scout Handbook.[16] Many of the changes were intended to expand Scouting to a broader base of youth and to make Scouting more "in tune with the times".[3] Many Scouters, including Hillcourt, were critical of the new program changes, exclaiming that the de-emphasis on traditional outdoor skills had taken the "outing out of Scouting".[1] This change proved to be unsuccessful, deterring existing adherents and attracting relatively few new enrolments. To remedy this situation, Hillcourt convinced Chief Scout Executive Harvey L. Price that a new handbook was needed. Hillcourt then came out of retirement and spent a year writing and editing the 1979 edition of The Official Boy Scout Handbook, returning to the focus of Scoutcraft.[1] In addition, he helped to develop the All Out for Scouting program that launched the return to the old standards.[3] Hillcourt was regarded as a prominent figure and guide in BSA's recovery from its experiment earlier in that decade.

Hillcourt was recognized for his service to youth by the BSA with the Distinguished Eagle Scout Award on May 19, 1978.[2][note 1] In 1980, the BSA presented Hillcourt with their highest national honor, the Silver Buffalo Award and he was cited as "The Voice of Scouting".[17] The World Scout Committee of the World Organization of the Scout Movement recognized him for exceptional services to world Scouting in 1985 with the Bronze Wolf Award. In the same year, an article in the Scouting magazine proclaimed Hillcourt as "the foremost influence on development of the Boy Scouting program."[1]

In the last 12 months of 1985, he traveled to Dallas, Washington, Knoxville, Houston, San Francisco, Cleveland, Los Angeles, and other cities. He also attended the World Conference held for the first time in Germany, an inter-American scout conference in Brazil (with side trips to Argentina[18] and Paraguay). He served as scoutmaster in the Wood Badge program[19] for "South Explorers Leaders and Center –Leadership Course in Troop",[20] He ended his trip to South America in Caracas, Venezuela.[21][22] He also was Troop Head and Director of the Field-School "Paramacay".[23]

To celebrate during the month of August his 85 years of age with his old friends explorers in Copenhagen, Denmark. And then, of course, in the middle of the times, he continued to camp in the different events that took place during his campaign, and did not fail to make a presence with his uninterrupted record, with the Jamboree. In 1990 he also became a member of Firecrafter, an American Scouting service organization. Travel and appearances at Scouting events both local and worldwide were part of his routine until he died, for which he was referred to as Scoutmaster to the World.[4]

Hillcourt died at the age of 92, in Stockholm, Sweden, while traveling on a Scouting tour with Carson Buck in 1992. He is buried with his wife Grace in St. Joseph's Cemetery in Mendham, New Jersey[24] near Mortimer L. Schiff Scout Reservation, where he lived for many years. His legacy in Scouting and his influence continue in the programs and training of Scouting.[25][26] His writings are still used within the Scouting movement and his material continues to be reprinted in Scouting magazine.[27] The Longhouse Council operates the William Hillcourt Scout Museum and Carson Buck Memorial Library at Camp Woodland in New York to "keep the traditions of Scouting alive" through the preservation of the history that is a foundation for today's Scouting movement.[28]

Works[edit]

Hillcourt was one of the BSA's most prolific writers. He wrote numerous articles for Boys' Life and Scouting magazines, including a column aimed at patrol leaders under the by-line of "Patrol Leader Green Bar Bill". At least 12,610,000 copies of his three editions of the Boy Scout Handbook were printed.[12][29]

  • (1925) The Island
  • (1929) Handbook for Patrol Leaders
  • (1933) The 1933 Scout Jamboree Book with James E. West[30]
  • (1936) Handbook for Scoutmasters, Third edition in two volumes
  • (1946) Aids to Scoutmastership, World Brotherhood Edition, by Baden-Powell, revised by Hillcourt
  • (1946) Scouting for Boys, World Brotherhood Edition, by Baden-Powell, revised by Hillcourt
  • (1948) Scout Fieldbook, First edition, with West
  • (1950) Handbook for Patrol Leaders;[31] World Brotherhood Edition
  • (1959) Boy Scout Handbook, Sixth edition[29]
  • (1961) Field Book of Nature Activities and Conservation: An Indispensable Guide for Nature Lovers
  • (1964) Baden-Powell: The Two Lives of a Hero;[10] biography of Baden-Powell
  • (1965) Boy Scout Handbook, Seventh edition[29]
  • (1967) Handbook for Patrol Leaders, Second edition (heavily edited revision)
  • (1967) Physical Fitness for Boys
  • (1967) Physical Fitness for Girls
  • (1968) Your Guide to Fitness
  • (1970) New Field Book of Nature Activities & Hobbies
  • (1970) Fun With Nature Hobbies
  • (1971) The Golden Book of Camping
  • (1975) Outdoor Things To Do: Year-round Nature Fun for Girls and Boys
  • (1977) Norman Rockwell's World of Scouting;[32] biography of iconic illustrator Norman Rockwell
  • (1979) The Official Boy Scout Handbook, Ninth edition[29][33]
  • (1980) The Official Patrol Leader Handbook, Third edition[34]

See also[edit]

  • Scouting memorials

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ When or if Hillcourt earned the Eagle Scout Award is uncertain. The official BSA DESA list shows that Hillcourt earned Eagle Scout in 1918—the year he earned Knight-Scout in Denmark—but he did not arrive in the U.S. until 1926.

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e f Peterson, Robert (September 1985). "Bill Hillcourt—Still Going Strong on the Scouting Trail". Scouting: 26.
  2. ^ a b "Distinguished Eagle Scout Award" (PDF). Boy Scouts of America. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 12, 2016. Retrieved July 21, 2010.
  3. ^ a b c Peterson, Robert (January–February 2001). "America's Best-Known Scouter". Scouting. Archived from the original on May 13, 2008. Retrieved February 3, 2008.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g Block, Nelson (1993). "William Hillcourt 'Scoutmaster to the World'". The Journal of Scouting History. Archived from the original on May 11, 2008. Retrieved February 3, 2008.
  5. ^ a b c Howerton, Terry. "Scoutmaster to the World". Scouter.com. Archived from the original on February 25, 2008. Retrieved February 3, 2008. Includes "The Life of a Serendipitist", an autobiographical sketch by William Hillcourt.
  6. ^ a b Holleran, Robin Suerig (October 2006). "Green Bar Bill's Own Troop". Scouting. Archived from the original on 2008-03-01.
  7. ^ van Gelder, Lawrence (February 4, 1979). "A Work of Love for 'Boy Scout,' 78" (PDF). The New York Times. Retrieved February 4, 2008.
  8. ^ Rowan, Edward L. (2005). James E. West and the History of the Boy Scouts of America. Las Vegas International Scouting Museum. ISBN 0-9746479-1-8.
  9. ^ "William Hillcourt, A Boy Scout Writer And Columnist, 92". The New York Times. Associated Press. November 14, 1992. Archived from the original on December 29, 2012. Retrieved February 19, 2008.
  10. ^ a b Hillcourt, William; Baden-Powell, Olave (1964). Baden-Powell: The Two Lives of a Hero. Irving, Texas: Boy Scouts of America. ISBN 0-8395-3594-5.
  11. ^ Walker, Johnny. "Bibliography". "Johnny Walker's" Scouting Milestones. Archived from the original on October 4, 2013. Retrieved February 18, 2008.
  12. ^ a b "History of the Boy Scout Handbook". Troop 97. Archived from the original on February 15, 2008. Retrieved February 6, 2008.
  13. ^ "'Green Bar Bill' and Wood Badge". Wood Badge history. Archived from the original on March 3, 2008. Retrieved February 6, 2008.
  14. ^ Walker, Johnny. "The origins of the Wood Badge". "Johnny Walker's" Scouting Milestones. Archived from the original on 2013-10-04.
  15. ^ a b c Miyamoto, Alan; Joe St. Clair; Brian Phelps. "White Stag History Since 1933". White Stag Leadership Academy. Archived from the original on 2008-09-20.
  16. ^ Peterson, Robert W. (1984). The Boy Scouts: An American Adventure. American Heritage. ISBN 0-8281-1173-1.
  17. ^ "2007 Silver Buffalo Awards for Distinguished Service to Youth on a National Level". Boy Scouts of America. Archived from the original on February 26, 2008. Retrieved February 6, 2008.
  18. ^ XVI Conferencia Scout Interamericana (18 – 23 Septiembre, Buenos Aires), Resumen de la Conferencia, Página 04 Archived 2017-02-22 at the Wayback Machine.
  19. ^ Insignares, Jorge R.; Legorbúru, International Commissioner, Dr. Federico Díaz. "Esta es la firma de William Hillcourt, XIV Interamerican Scout Conference, Curitiba, Brazil" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2017-02-22. Retrieved 2017-02-22. |date=September, 1984.}}
  20. ^ Museo Virtual Scout Venezuela Archived 2017-02-22 at the Wayback Machine. Pedro Emilio Correa.
  21. ^ Scouting Magazine, index for 1985 Archived 2018-01-26 at the Wayback Machine. Bill Hillcourt Still Going Strong on the scouting trail. Robert W. Peterson (writer). Scout Movement, Volume 73, Number 4, September, Page: 26.
  22. ^ Bill Hillcourt Still Going Strong on the scouting trail Archived 2017-02-22 at the Wayback Machine. Robert W. Peterson (writer). Scout Movement, Volume 73, Number 4, September 1985 Page: 26.
  23. ^ Raúl Díaz A., Pathfinder Venezuelan Scouting (Recalling a little to Bill Barra Verde "William Hillcourt" visiting Venezuela: The Buffalo Hunt - Scout Identity Manual, Citizen and The Nature of Limestone. A Summary for Parents and Youth Leaders. A manual to contribute to the challenges of the future of today's youth (Inter-American Library Fund, 2013)
  24. ^ Murphy, Kevin (2001). "Readable Graves in St. Joseph Cemetery". St Joseph's Catholic Church Cemetery. Archived from the original on June 14, 2006. Retrieved August 3, 2006.
  25. ^ "Green Bar Bill Hillcourt". The Ultimate Boy Scouts of America History Site. Randy Woo. Archived from the original on February 14, 2008. Retrieved Jul 21, 2010.
  26. ^ Gardner, Lew (Spring 1993). "Green Bar Bill Passes at Age 92". Boots and Blisters (75).
  27. ^ "Green Bar Bill's Patrol Corner". Scouting. Archived from the original on March 16, 2016. Retrieved March 9, 2015.
  28. ^ "William Hillcourt Scout Museum and Carson Buck Memorial Library". Longhouse Council. Archived from the original on September 23, 2008. Retrieved February 8, 2008.
  29. ^ a b c d "BSA Handbook". Library Thing. Archived from the original on April 7, 2016. Retrieved July 31, 2011.
  30. ^ Hillcourt, William; West, James E. (1933). The 1933 Scout Jamboree Book. Boy Scouts of America. Archived from the original on May 11, 2008. Retrieved February 4, 2008.
  31. ^ Hillcourt, William (1950). Handbook for Patrol Leaders (World Brotherhood ed.). Boy Scouts of America.
  32. ^ Hillcourt, William (1977). Norman Rockwell's World of Scouting. Harry N Abrams. ISBN 0-8109-1582-0.
  33. ^ Hillcourt, William (1980). The Official Boy Scout Handbook. in association with the Boy Scouts of America (Ninth edition, 3rd print ed.). Boy Scouts of America. ISBN 0-8395-3227-X.
  34. ^ The Official Patrol Leader Handbook. contributions by Hillcourt, William; Monroe, Keith. Boy Scouts of America. 1980. ISBN 0-8395-6512-7.CS1 maint: others (link)

Further reading[edit]

  • Block, Nelson R.; Proctor, Tammy M. (2009). Scouting Frontiers: Youth and the Scout Movement's First Century. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4438-0450-9.