 Yermak en el Mar Báltico antes de 1917 | |
| Historia | |
|---|---|
   Imperio Ruso / RSFSR / URSS | |
| Nombre: | Yermak |
| Constructor: | NI Yankovsky, RI Runeberg, Armstrong Whitworth y otros |
| Número de astillero: | 684 |
| Acostado: | 1897 |
| Lanzado: | 17 de octubre de 1898 |
| Terminado: | 1899 |
| Adquirido: | 1899 |
| Fuera de servicio: | 1963 |
| Destino: | Desguazado 1964 |
| Características generales | |
| Desplazamiento: | 8730 toneladas |
| Largo: | 97,5 metros |
| Haz: | 21,6 metros |
| Borrador: | 7,3 m |
| Clase de hielo: | Rompehielos |
| Potencia instalada: | 9000 CV |
| Propulsión: | 4 ejes, 8 motores de vapor VTE, 6 calderas |
| Velocidad: | 12 nudos |
| Tripulación: | 102 |
Yermak[1] (Russian: Ермак, IPA: [jɪrˈmak]) was a Russian and later Soviet icebreaker. It was the first polar icebreaker in the world, having a strengthened hull shaped to ride over and crush pack ice.
History[edit]
Yermak was built for the Imperial Russian Navy under the supervision of vice-admiral S. O. Makarov by the members of his commission, which included D. I. Mendeleev, engineers N. I. Yankovsky and R. I. Runeberg, admiral F. F. Wrangel, among others.[2] It was built in Newcastle upon Tyne at its Low Walker yard and launched in 1898. She was named after the famous Russian explorer of Siberia, Don Cossack ataman Yermak Timofeyevich.
She was commissioned on 17 October 1898. She arrived in Kronstadt on 4 March 1899 after breaking through ice and a formal reception was held to mark her arrival. Later in 1899 she reached 81°21'N north of Spitsbergen. She had been constructed to break through heavy ice (up to 2 m in thickness).
Yermak had been used in the winter of 1899–1900 to set up the first radio communication link in Russia between Kotka and Gogland (Suursaar) island (distance 47 km). In 1900 she came to the aid of the cruiser Gromoboi which had grounded in the Baltic.
Between 1899 and 1911 Yermak sailed in heavy ice conditions for more than 1000 days.
Durante la Primera Guerra Mundial ayudó a la Flota del Báltico durante el crucero Ice cuando la flota fue evacuada de Helsinki a Kronstadt en febrero de 1918.
Durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, el Yermak se movilizó nuevamente y participó en la evacuación de la base naval de Hanko . Estaba armada con dos ametralladoras de 102 mm, dos de 76 mm, cuatro de 45 mm y cuatro.
Yermak sirvió en diferentes ramas de la Armada y Marina Mercante rusa y soviética hasta 1964, convirtiéndose en uno de los rompehielos más antiguos del mundo. Una isla del archipiélago de Nordenskiöld recibió su nombre.
A monument to the icebreaker Yermak was unveiled in Murmansk In November 1965 – this included mosaic panels and the original anchor on the pedestal.
Another icebreaker with the name Yermak was built for the Soviet Union at the Wärtsilä Helsinki shipyard, Finland in 1974. Russia employs an icebreaker named Yermak in the Baltic Sea as late as 2010.[3]
The first photographic album on Ice-breaker “Ermack” - title page
The first photographic album on Ice-breaker “Ermack” - pic. nr. 5
See also[edit]
- Ice Cruise of the Baltic Fleet
- Alexander Stepanovich Popov
References[edit]
- ^ Sometimes romanized as Ermak.
- ^ На воду спущен первый в мире ледокол «Ермак»
- ^ "Restrictions to Navigation" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 July 2011.
External links[edit]
 | Wikimedia Commons has media related to Yermak (ship, 1899). |
- History of icebreakers, by the US Coast Guard
