Este artículo documenta eventos notables de vuelos espaciales durante el año 2020 .
Lanzamientos orbitales | |
---|---|
Primero | 7 de enero |
Último | 29 de diciembre |
Total | 114 |
Éxitos | 104 |
Fracasos | 10 |
Fallos parciales | 0 |
Catalogado | 104 |
Primicias nacionales | |
Satélite | |
Lanzamiento suborbital | Países Bajos |
Cohetes | |
Vuelos Maiden | |
Jubilaciones | |
Vuelos con tripulación | |
Orbital | 4 |
Suborbital | 0 |
Total de viajeros | 12 |
EVA | 8 |
Descripción general
Exploración del sistema solar
En 2020 se lanzaron tres misiones a Marte , incluidos dos rovers, dos orbitadores y un módulo de aterrizaje. La NASA ha lanzado la misión Mars 2020 , que incluye el rover Perseverance y el helicóptero Ingenuity , y almacenará muestras para un eventual regreso a la Tierra . [1] La Administración Nacional del Espacio de China (CNSA) ha lanzado su misión Tianwen-1 , que incluye un orbitador, un módulo de aterrizaje, un pequeño rover y una cámara desplegable; [2] es la primera misión de China a otro planeta utilizando su propio vehículo de reparto. [1] Finalmente, los Emiratos Árabes Unidos , en asociación con universidades estadounidenses, han lanzado el orbitador Hope Mars Mission en un cohete japonés . [1]
En noviembre, China lanzó Chang'e 5 , la primera misión de retorno de muestras a la Luna desde la Luna 24 en 1976. Chang'e 5 utilizó el cohete de carga pesada Long March 5, desarrollado recientemente . La misión realizó el primer encuentro robótico de la órbita lunar . [3]
La misión OSIRIS-REx de la NASA aterrizó en el asteroide 101955 Bennu en octubre para obtener una muestra de la superficie para regresar a la tierra. La misión Hayabusa2 de JAXA devolvió muestras de 162173 Ryugu a la Tierra el 5 de diciembre de 2020, con su vehículo de reentrada recuperado en Woomera, Australia . [4]
Se lanzó una misión solar: el Solar Orbiter de la ESA , el 10 de febrero de 2020, destinado a estudiar la heliosfera del Sol . Parker Solar Probe , lanzada en 2018, redujo su distancia mínima al Sol hasta 14,2 millones de km.
Vuelo espacial humano
En los Estados Unidos, la nave espacial Dragon 2 de SpaceX realizó su primer vuelo con tripulación a la Estación Espacial Internacional el 31 de mayo de 2020 como parte del Programa de Tripulación Comercial , [5] habilitando la capacidad de vuelos espaciales orbitales humanos estadounidenses por primera vez desde el Transbordador Espacial. se retiró en 2011. Dragon 2 se convirtió en el primer sistema comercial en llevar humanos a la órbita terrestre. La segunda misión Dragon tripulada y su primera misión operativa, Crew-1 , se lanzó el 15 de noviembre de 2020.
China realizó una prueba de vuelo sin tripulación de una nave espacial tripulada de próxima generación en mayo de 2020, [6] y continúa los preparativos para el lanzamiento en 2021 del módulo de cabina Tianhe Core de la estación espacial china . [7]
La astronauta de la NASA Christina Koch estableció un récord de 328 días de vuelos espaciales para mujeres que finalizó el 6 de febrero de 2020. Scott Kelly todavía tiene el récord estadounidense de todos los tiempos con 340 días; El cosmonauta Valeri Polyakov tiene el récord de duración de vuelos espaciales de todos los tiempos de 437 días. Koch también participó en la primera caminata espacial exclusivamente femenina con Jessica Meir el 18 de octubre de 2019 [8].
Innovación de cohetes
SpaceX realizó tres vuelos de prueba atmosféricos con prototipos de su vehículo Starship de dos etapas a órbita totalmente reutilizable . [9] [10] [11]
La tendencia hacia la reducción de costos en el acceso continuó y varios cohetes realizaron sus vuelos inaugurales en 2020. A pesar de la creciente competencia, el costo de entregar carga a la ISS aumentó. [12]
Innovación satelital
SpaceX comenzó a operar su constelación Starlink a fines de 2020. [13] A partir del 2 de diciembre de 2020, se han lanzado 955 satélites y Starlink se encuentra en una fase de prueba beta pública. OneWeb también planeó comenzar el servicio en 2020, [14] pero se declaró en bancarrota en marzo de 2020 después del lanzamiento de 74 satélites. [15] OneWeb salió de la quiebra y planea reiniciar los lanzamientos en diciembre de 2020. [16]
El vehículo de extensión de la misión MEV-1 se convirtió en la primera nave espacial operada por telerobot en dar servicio a otro satélite en órbita cuando completó la primera fase de una misión de 5 años para extender la vida útil del satélite Intelsat 901 (I-901). En febrero de 2020, MEV-1 capturó el satélite de comunicaciones , que se había trasladado a la órbita del cementerio unos meses antes. En abril de 2020, MEV-1 llevó con éxito a Intelsat-901 a su posición en órbita geosincrónica donde ahora se espera que opere durante otros cinco años. Esta fue la primera industria espacial, ya que el servicio de satélites se había logrado anteriormente solo con asistencia humana en órbita, durante las misiones para dar servicio al Telescopio Espacial Hubble a principios de la década de 2000. [17]
Lanzamientos orbitales
Fecha y hora ( UTC ) | Cohete | Número de vuelo | Sitio de lanzamiento | LSP | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Carga útil (⚀ = CubeSat ) | Operador | Orbita | Función | Decaimiento (UTC) | Salir | ||
Observaciones | |||||||
enero | |||||||
7 de enero 02:19:21 [18] [19] | Falcon 9 Bloque 5 | Starlink V1.0-L2 [20] | Cabo Cañaveral SLC-40 | SpaceX | |||
Starlink × 60 | SpaceX | Tierra baja | Comunicaciones | En orbita | Operacional | ||
7 de enero 15:20:14 [21] [22] | Larga Marcha 3B / E | 3B-Y62 [23] | Xichang LC-2 | CASC | |||
TJSW-5 | Ministerio de Agricultura y Asuntos Rurales | Geosincrónico | Demostración de tecnología | En orbita | Operacional | ||
15 de enero 02:53 [24] | Larga Marcha 2D | 2D-Y58 | Taiyuan LC-9 | CASC | |||
Jilin-1 Kuanfu-01 (Banda ancha-01) | Tecnología de satélite Chang Guang | Tierra baja ( SSO ) | Observación de la tierra | En orbita | Operacional | ||
ÑuSat 7 ( Sophie ) | Satélite | Tierra baja (SSO) | Observación de la tierra | En orbita | Operacional | ||
ÑuSat 8 ( Marie ) | Satélite | Tierra baja (SSO) | Observación de la tierra | En orbita | Operacional | ||
Tianqi-5 [25] | Guodian Gaoke | Tierra baja (SSO) | Demostración de tecnología | En orbita | Operacional | ||
16 de enero 03:02 [26] | Kuaizhou 1A | Y9 [27] | Jiuquan LA-4 | ExPace | |||
Yinhe-1 / GS-SparkSat-03 / Galaxy-1 [28] | Espacio Galaxy | Tierra baja (SSO) | Demostración de tecnología | En orbita | Operacional | ||
16 de enero 21:05 [29] | Ariane 5 ECA | VA251 | Kourou ELA-3 | Arianespace | |||
Eutelsat Konnect [30] | Eutelsat | Geosincrónico | Comunicaciones | En orbita | Operacional | ||
GSAT-30 | ISRO | Geosincrónico | Comunicaciones | En orbita | Operacional | ||
GSAT-30 reemplazará a INSAT-4A . | |||||||
29 de enero 14:06:49 [31] [32] | Falcon 9 Bloque 5 | Starlink V1.0-L3 | Cabo Cañaveral SLC-40 | SpaceX | |||
Starlink × 60 | SpaceX | Tierra baja | Comunicaciones | En orbita | Operacional | ||
31 de enero 02:56 [33] | Electrón | "Pájaros del mismo plumaje" | Mahia LC-1A | Laboratorio de cohetes | |||
NROL -151 | NRO | Tierra baja | Reconocimiento | En orbita | Operacional | ||
Primer lanzamiento contratado a través del programa Rapid Adquisition of a Small Rocket (RASR) de la NRO. | |||||||
febrero | |||||||
6 de febrero 21:42:41 [34] [35] | Soyuz-2.1b / Fregat | ST27 [36] | Sitio de Baikonur 31/6 | Arianespace / Starsem | |||
OneWeb × 34 | OneWeb | Tierra baja | Comunicaciones | En orbita | Operacional | ||
Segunda misión OneWeb. Vuelo 1 de Baikonur. | |||||||
9 de febrero 01:34 [37] | H-IIA 202 | F41 [38] | Tanegashima LA-Y1 | MHI | |||
IGS -Optica 7 | CSICE | Tierra baja ( SSO ) | Reconocimiento | En orbita | Operacional | ||
9 de febrero 15:45 [39] | Simorgh | Semnan LP-2 | ES UN | ||||
Zafar 1 [40] | DEBO | Tierra baja | Observación de la tierra | 9 de febrero | Lanzamiento fallido | ||
El satélite no pudo alcanzar la órbita. | |||||||
10 de febrero 04:03 [41] | Atlas V 411 | AV-087 [42] | Cabo Cañaveral SLC-41 | ULA | |||
Orbitador solar | ESA | Heliocéntrico | Heliofísica | En orbita | En camino | ||
15 de febrero 20:21:04 [47] | Antares 230+ | MARTE LP-0A | Northrop Grumman | ||||
Cygnus NG-13 S.S. Robert H. Lawrence | NASA | Tierra baja ( ISS ) | Logística ISS | 29 de mayo | Exitoso | ||
Ojos rojos 2 | DARPA | Tierra baja | Demostración de tecnología | En orbita | Operacional | ||
Ojos rojos 3 | DARPA | Tierra baja | Demostración de tecnología | En orbita | Operacional | ||
⚀ DeMi | MIT | Tierra baja | Demostración de tecnología | En orbita | Operacional | ||
⚀ TechEdSat-10 (TES-10) [48] | NASA | Tierra baja | Demostración de tecnología | En orbita | Operacional | ||
Red-Eye 2, Red-Eye 3, DeMi y el satélite ELaNa 30 TES-10 fueron transportados dentro de la nave espacial Cygnus y serán puestos en órbita en una fecha posterior. [43] Red-Eye 2 se puso en órbita desde la ISS el 17 de junio de 2020. [44] Red-Eye 3 se puso en órbita el 23 de junio de 2020. [45] DeMi y TechEdSat-10 se desplegaron el 13 de julio. [46] | |||||||
17 de febrero 15:05:55 [49] | Falcon 9 Bloque 5 | Starlink V1.0-L4 | Cabo Cañaveral SLC-40 | SpaceX | |||
Starlink × 60 | SpaceX | Tierra baja | Comunicaciones | En orbita | Operacional | ||
18 de febrero 22:18 [50] | Ariane 5 ECA | VA252 [51] | Kourou ELA-3 | Arianespace | |||
JCSAT-17 [52] | JSAT | Geosincrónico | Comunicaciones | En orbita | Operacional | ||
GEO-KOMPSAT -2B [53] [54] | KARI | Geosincrónico | Monitoreo oceánico | En orbita | Operacional | ||
19 de febrero 21:07 [55] [56] | Larga Marcha 2D | 2D-Y61 [57] | Xichang LC-3 | CASC | |||
XJS-C | SAST | Tierra baja | Demostración de tecnología | En orbita | Operacional | ||
XJS-D | SAST | Tierra baja | Demostración de tecnología | En orbita | Operacional | ||
XJS-E | PEGAR | Tierra baja | Demostración de tecnología | En orbita | Operacional | ||
XJS-F | EMITIR | Tierra baja | Demostración de tecnología | En orbita | Operacional | ||
Primer lanzamiento 2D de la Gran Marcha desde Xichang. | |||||||
20 de febrero 08:24:54 [58] [59] | Soyuz-2.1a / Fregat-M | Sitio de Plesetsk 43/3 | RVSN RF | ||||
Meridian-M 9 (19L) [60] | Ministro de Defensa | Molniya | Comunicaciones | En orbita | Operacional | ||
marcha | |||||||
7 de marzo 04:50:31 [66] | Falcon 9 Bloque 5 | F9-082 | Cabo Cañaveral SLC-40 | SpaceX | |||
SpaceX CRS-20 | NASA | Tierra baja ( ISS ) | Logística ISS | 7 de abril 18:50 | Exitoso [67] | ||
⚀ G-SATÉLITE | TOCOG / Universidad de Tokio | Tierra baja | Publicidad espacial | En orbita | Operacional | ||
⚀ Quetzal-1 (Guatesat-1) [68] | UVG | Tierra baja | Demostración de tecnología | En orbita | Operacional | ||
⚀ Lynk 4 ( Lynk the World ) [69] [70] | Lynk | Tierra baja | Demostración de tecnología | En orbita | Operacional | ||
Vuelo final del Dragón 1 . G-SATELLITE (Gundam Satellite) lleva dos figuras de Gundam en miniatura para promover los Juegos Olímpicos de Verano de Tokio 2020 . Quetzal-1 es el primer satélite de Guatemala . [61] G-SATELLITE y Quetzal-1 se desplegaron en órbita desde la ISS el 28 de abril de 2020. [62] [63] [64] Lynk the World , el cuarto satélite de Lynk, fue lanzado a la ISS en este vuelo y desplegado en espacio por la nave espacial Cygnus NG-13 el 13 de mayo. [sesenta y cinco] | |||||||
9 de marzo 11:55 [71] | Larga Marcha 3B / E | 3B-Y69 [23] | Xichang LC-2 | CASC | |||
BeiDou -3 G2Q [72] | CNSA | Geosincrónico | Navegación | En orbita | Operacional | ||
16 de marzo 13:34 [73] [74] | Larga Marcha 7A | Y1 | Wenchang LC-2 | CASC | |||
Xinjishu Yanzheng-6 (XJY-6) | TBA | Geosincrónico | Demostración de tecnología | 16 de marzo | Lanzamiento fallido | ||
Primer vuelo del Gran Marcha 7A. No se pudo alcanzar la órbita. | |||||||
16 de marzo 18:28 [75] | Soyuz-2.1b / Fregat-M | Sitio de Plesetsk 43/4 | RVSN RF | ||||
GLONASS-M 760 [76] | VKS | Tierra mediana | Navegación | En orbita | Operacional | ||
18 de marzo 12:16:39 [77] | Falcon 9 Bloque 5 | Starlink V1.0-L5 | Kennedy LC-39A | SpaceX | |||
Starlink × 60 | SpaceX | Tierra baja | Comunicaciones | En orbita | Operacional | ||
Quinto vuelo del propulsor B1048 ; la recuperación no fue exitosa. | |||||||
21 de marzo 17:06:58 [78] | Soyuz-2.1b / Fregat | ST28 [79] | Sitio de Baikonur 31/6 | Arianespace / Starsem | |||
OneWeb × 34 | OneWeb | Tierra baja | Comunicaciones | En orbita | Operacional | ||
Vuelo 2 de Baikonur. | |||||||
24 de marzo 03:43 [80] | Larga Marcha 2C | 2C-Y42 [81] | Xichang LC-3 | CASC | |||
Yaogan 30-06 01 | CAS | Tierra baja | Reconocimiento | En orbita | Operacional | ||
Yaogan 30-06 02 | CAS | Tierra baja | Reconocimiento | En orbita | Operacional | ||
Yaogan 30-06 03 | CAS | Tierra baja | Reconocimiento | En orbita | Operacional | ||
26 de marzo 20:18 [83] | Atlas V 551 | AV-086 [42] | Cabo Cañaveral SLC-41 | ULA | |||
AEHF -6 [84] | Fuerza Espacial de EE. UU. | Geosincrónico | Comunicaciones militares | En orbita | Operacional | ||
⚀ TDO-2 [85] | Fuerza Espacial de EE. UU. | Altamente elíptica | Alcance láser | En orbita | Operacional | ||
El TDO-2 Cubesat también fue conocido como OrCa (calibración orbital) por el equipo que lo diseñó en la Georgia Tech University. [82] | |||||||
abril | |||||||
9 de abril 08:05:06 [86] | Soyuz-2.1a | Sitio de Baikonur 31/6 | Roscosmos | ||||
Soyuz MS-16 | Roscosmos | Tierra baja ( ISS ) | Expedición 62 / 63 | 22 de octubre 02:31 | Exitoso | ||
Primer vuelo tripulado de Soyuz-2.1a. | |||||||
9 de abril 11:46 [88] | Larga Marcha 3B / E | 3B-Y71 [23] | Xichang LC-2 | CASC | |||
Nusantara Dua (Palapa-N1) | PSN / Indosat | Geosincrónico | Comunicaciones | 9 de abril | Lanzamiento fallido | ||
Destinado a reemplazar Palapa-D . No se pudo alcanzar la órbita. [87] | |||||||
22 de abril 03:59 [89] | Qased | Sitio de prueba de misiles Shahrud | IRGC | ||||
⚀ Noor 1 [90] | IRGC | Tierra baja | Reconocimiento | En orbita | Operacional | ||
Primer lanzamiento de Qased. | |||||||
22 de abril 19:30:30 [91] | Falcon 9 Bloque 5 | Starlink V1.0-L6 | Kennedy LC-39A | SpaceX | |||
Starlink × 60 | SpaceX | Tierra baja | Comunicaciones | En orbita | Operacional | ||
25 de abril 01:51:41 [92] | Soyuz-2.1a | Sitio de Baikonur 31/6 | Roscosmos | ||||
Progreso MS-14 / 75P | Roscosmos | Tierra baja ( ISS ) | Logística ISS | 29 de abril de 2021 00:42:27 [93] | Exitoso | ||
Mayo | |||||||
5 de mayo a las 10:00 [6] | Larga Marcha 5B | Y1 [97] | Wenchang LC-1 | CASC | |||
Nave espacial china de próxima generación con tripulación | CNSA | Altamente elíptica | Prueba de vuelo | 8 de mayo 05:49 | Exitoso | ||
Módulo de devolución de carga inflable flexible [98] | CASIC | Tierra baja | Demostración de tecnología | 6 de mayo | Falla de la nave espacial | ||
Primer vuelo del Long March 5B , probando una nueva nave espacial tripulada . [7] La cápsula regresó con éxito a la Tierra el 8 de mayo, luego de las pruebas en órbita. [94] [95] Una carga útil secundaria experimental, destinada a probar tecnologías de reentrada de escudo térmico inflable , no funcionó correctamente durante su regreso a la Tierra el 6 de mayo. [96] | |||||||
12 de mayo 01:16 [99] | Kuaizhou 1A | Y6 [100] | Jiuquan LA-4 | ExPace | |||
Xingyun-2 01 | Xingyun Satellite Co. | Tierra baja ( SSO ) | IoT | En orbita | Operacional | ||
Xingyun-2 02 | Xingyun Satellite Co. | Tierra baja (SSO) | IoT | En orbita | Operacional | ||
Xingyun-2 01/02 son los dos primeros satélites pequeños lanzados para la constelación de Internet de las cosas de banda estrecha de Xingyun para realizar servicios de seguimiento y retransmisión de datos. La constelación finalmente constará de 80 satélites de este tipo. [99] | |||||||
17 de mayo 13:14:00 [101] [102] | Atlas V 501 | AV-081 [42] | Cabo Cañaveral SLC-41 | ULA | |||
USSF -7 ( X-37B OTV-6 ) | Fuerza Espacial de EE. UU. | Tierra baja | Demostración de tecnología | En orbita | Operacional | ||
FalconSAT -8 | Academia de la Fuerza Aérea de EE. UU. | Tierra baja | Demostración de tecnología | En orbita | Operacional | ||
20 de mayo 17:31:00 [103] | H-IIB | F9 | Tanegashima LA-Y2 | MHI | |||
HTV-9 | JAXA | Tierra baja ( ISS ) | Logística ISS | 20 de agosto de 07:07 | Exitoso | ||
Lanzamiento final de carga HTV y vuelo final del cohete H-IIB . El cohete HTV-X y H3 los reemplazará, respectivamente. | |||||||
22 de mayo 07:31:17 [104] [105] | Soyuz-2.1b / Fregat | Sitio de Plesetsk 43/4 | RVSN RF | ||||
EKS-4 (Tundra 14L) [106] | VKS | Molniya | Advertencia temprana | En orbita | Operacional | ||
25 de mayo 19:50 [107] | LauncherOne | F1 | Chica cósmica , Mojave | Órbita virgen | |||
Carga útil ficticia | Órbita virgen | Tierra baja | Prueba de vuelo | 25 de mayo | Lanzamiento fallido | ||
Starshine 4 [109] | NASA | Tierra baja | Educación | 25 de mayo | Lanzamiento fallido | ||
Primer vuelo orbital de LauncherOne. La misión terminó poco después del encendido de la primera etapa. [107] [108] | |||||||
29 de mayo 20:13 [110] [111] | Largo 11 de marzo | Xichang LC-4 [112] | CASC | ||||
XJS-G | CAS | Tierra baja | Demostración de tecnología | En orbita | Operacional | ||
XJS-H | NUDT | Tierra baja | Demostración de tecnología | En orbita | Operacional | ||
30 de mayo 19:22:45 [115] [116] | Falcon 9 Bloque 5 | F9-085 | Kennedy LC-39A | SpaceX | |||
SPX-DM2 Endeavour | SpaceX / NASA | Tierra baja (ISS) | Expedición 63 / Prueba de vuelo con tripulación | 2 de agosto 18:48 | Exitoso | ||
Crew Dragon Demo 2: Prueba de vuelo con tripulación de SpaceX Dragon 2 como parte del programa de desarrollo de tripulación comercial . La misión concluyó con éxito el 2 de agosto después de dos meses en el espacio. [113] Primer vuelo espacial orbital tripulado con una nave espacial privada. [114] | |||||||
31 de mayo 08:53 [117] [118] | Larga Marcha 2D | 2D-Y51 | Jiuquan SLS-2 | CASC | |||
Gaofen-9 02 [119] | CNSA | Tierra baja (SSO) | Observación de la tierra | En orbita | Operacional | ||
CABEZA-4 [120] | HEAD Aeroespacial | Tierra baja (SSO) | Seguimiento de barcos AIS | En orbita | Operacional | ||
junio | |||||||
4 de junio 01:25:33 [18] [121] | Falcon 9 Bloque 5 | Starlink V1.0-L7 | Cabo Cañaveral SLC-40 | SpaceX | |||
Starlink × 60 | SpaceX | Tierra baja | Comunicaciones | En orbita | Operacional | ||
Quinto vuelo del propulsor B1049 ; la recuperación fue exitosa (el primer refuerzo se recuperará después del quinto vuelo). | |||||||
10 de junio 18:31:24 [122] [123] | Larga Marcha 2C | 2C-Yxx [57] | Taiyuan LC-9 | CASC | |||
HaiYang 1D | Ministerio de Recursos Naturales | Tierra baja ( SSO ) | Observación de la tierra | En orbita | Operacional | ||
13 de junio 05:12:12 [129] | Electrón | "No me detengas ahora" [130] | Mahia LC-1A | Laboratorio de cohetes | |||
Fotón ( Pathfinder ) [131] | Laboratorio de cohetes | Tierra baja | Prueba de vuelo | En orbita | Operacional | ||
⚀ Mula ANDESITA + Nodo × 8 [127] | Universidad de Boston | Tierra baja | Auroral science Technology demonstration | In orbit | Operational | ||
⚀ USA-301[132] | NRO | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Operational | ||
⚀ USA-302[132] | NRO | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Operational | ||
⚀ USA-303[132] | NRO | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Operational | ||
⚀ M2 Pathfinder | UNSW Canberra | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | In orbit | Operational | ||
Launch of the ELaNa 32 mission,[124] plus additional payloads.[125] ANDESITE will conduct magnetospheric research using an experimental fractionated formation of eight picosatellites, to be deployed after reaching orbit.[126][127] Three NRO payloads were deployed as part of RASR-2.[128] | |||||||
13 June 09:21:18[134] | Falcon 9 Block 5 | Starlink V1.0-L8 | Cape Canaveral SLC-40 | SpaceX | |||
Starlink × 58 | SpaceX | Low Earth | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
SkySat 16–18[135] | Planet Labs | Low Earth | Earth observation | In orbit | Operational | ||
First SmallSat Rideshare mission launch.[133] | |||||||
17 June 07:19[136][137] | Long March 2D | 2D-Y52 | Jiuquan SLS-2 | CASC | |||
Gaofen-9 03[119] | CNSA | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | In orbit | Operational | ||
HEAD-5 | HEAD Aerospace | Low Earth (SSO) | AIS ship tracking | In orbit | Operational | ||
Pixing-3A | Zhejiang University | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | In orbit | Operational | ||
23 June 01:43[139][140] | Long March 3B/E | 3B-Y68 | Xichang LC-2 | CASC | |||
BeiDou-3 G3Q[72] | CNSA | Geosynchronous | Navigation | In orbit | Operational | ||
Last satellite of the BeiDou-3 constellation to be launched, completing the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System.[138] | |||||||
30 June 20:10:46[142][143] | Falcon 9 Block 5 | F9-088 | Cape Canaveral SLC-40 | SpaceX | |||
GPS IIIA-03 Matthew Henson | U.S. Space Force | Medium Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Operational | ||
Named after African-American polar explorer Matthew Henson. Originally named Columbus.[141] | |||||||
July | |||||||
3 July 03:10[144][145] | Long March 4B | 4B-Y43 | Taiyuan LC-9 | CASC | |||
Gaofen Duomo (Multi-Mode) | CAST | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | In orbit | Operational | ||
Xibaipo (BY70-2) | Luquan No.1 Middle School | Low Earth (SSO) | Popular science | In orbit | Operational | ||
4 July 21:19:36[147] | Electron | "Pics Or It Didn't Happen" | Mahia LC-1A | Rocket Lab | |||
CE-SAT-IB | Canon Inc. | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 4 July | Launch failure | ||
⚀ Flock-4e × 5 | Planet Labs | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 4 July | Launch failure | ||
⚀ Faraday-1 | In-Space Missions | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | 4 July | Launch failure | ||
Failed during second stage flight.[146] | |||||||
4 July 23:44[148] | Long March 2D | 2D-Y29[57] | Jiuquan SLS-2 | CASC | |||
Shiyan-6 02 | CAST | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | In orbit | Operational | ||
6 July 01:00[149][150] | Shavit-2 | Palmachim Airbase | IAI | ||||
Ofeq 16 | Israel Ministry of Defence | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Operational | ||
9 July 12:11:04[151][152] | Long March 3B/E | 3B-Y64 | Xichang LC-3 | CASC | |||
APStar 6D | APT Satellite Co. | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
10 July 04:17[154][155] | Kuaizhou 11 | Jiuquan LA-4 | ExPace | ||||
Bilibili Video Satellite (Jilin-1 Gaofen-02E)[156] | Chang Guang Satellite Technology | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 10 July | Launch failure | ||
CentiSpace-1 S2 (Xiangrikui 2) | Beijing Future Navigation Technology | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | 10 July | Launch failure | ||
First flight of Kuaizhou 11.[153] The rocket failed to reach space. | |||||||
15 July 13:46[158] | Minotaur IV / Orion 38 | MARS LP-0B | Northrop Grumman | ||||
USA-305 | NRO | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Operational | ||
USA-306 | NRO | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Operational | ||
USA-307 | NRO | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Operational | ||
USA-308 | NRO | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Operational | ||
NROL-129 mission.[157] | |||||||
19 July 21:58:14[159][160] | H-IIA 202[161] | F42 | Tanegashima LA-Y1 | MHI | |||
Hope (Al-Amal) | Mohammed bin Rashid Space Centre | TMI to Areocentric | Mars orbiter | In orbit | Operational | ||
Emirates Mars Mission; first Emirati space probe. | |||||||
20 July 21:30[162] | Falcon 9 Block 5 | F9-089 | Cape Canaveral SLC-40 | SpaceX | |||
ANASIS-II[163] | Republic of Korea Army | Geosynchronous | Military communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
South Korea's first dedicated military communications satellite. | |||||||
23 July 04:41[164] | Long March 5 | Y4[97] | Wenchang LC-1 | CASC | |||
Tianwen-1 | CNSA | TMI to Areocentric | Mars orbiter and rover | In orbit | Operational | ||
Tianwen-1 Deployable Camera | CNSA | TMI (Martian flyby) | Photography | In orbit | Operational | ||
China's first independent Mars mission. | |||||||
23 July 14:26:21[167] | Soyuz-2.1a | Baikonur Site 31/6 | Roscosmos | ||||
Progress MS-15 / 76P | Roscosmos | Low Earth (ISS) | ISS logistics | 9 February 2021 09:13[168] | Successful | ||
It was initially planned for this Progress vehicle to deorbit the Pirs module to make way for the arrival of Nauka in early 2021. This was later delayed to a subsequent mission.[165][166] | |||||||
25 July 03:13[169][170] | Long March 4B | 4B-Y45 | Taiyuan LC-9 | CASC | |||
Ziyuan III-03 | Ministry of Natural Resources | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | In orbit | Operational | ||
Tianqi-10 | Guodian Gaoke | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | In orbit | Operational | ||
Lobster Eye X-ray Explorer (NJU-HKU №1)[171][172] | NJU / HKU | Low Earth (SSO) | X-ray astronomy | In orbit | Operational | ||
30 July 11:50[174] | Atlas V 541 | AV-088 | Cape Canaveral SLC-41 | ULA | |||
Perseverance | NASA / JPL | TMI to Martian surface | Mars rover | 18 February 2021 20:43:42[175] | Landed on Mars; Operational | ||
Ingenuity | NASA / JPL | TMI to Martian surface | Mars aircraft | Landed on Mars | |||
Mars 2020 mission.[173] | |||||||
30 July 21:25:19[176] | Proton-M / Briz-M P4 | Baikonur Site 200/39 | Roscosmos | ||||
Ekspress 80 | RSCC | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
Ekspress 103 | RSCC | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
August | |||||||
6 August 04:01:54[177][178] | Long March 2D | 2D-Y56 | Jiuquan SLS-2 | CASC | |||
Gaofen-9 04 | CNSA | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | In orbit | Operational | ||
Q-SAT[179] | Tsinghua University | Low Earth (SSO) | Gravitational research Atmospheric science | In orbit | Operational | ||
7 August 05:12:05[182] | Falcon 9 Block 5 | Starlink V1.0-L9 | Kennedy LC-39A | SpaceX | |||
Starlink × 57 | SpaceX | Low Earth | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
BlackSky 5 (Global-7) | BlackSky Global | Low Earth | Earth observation | In orbit | Operational | ||
BlackSky 6 (Global-8) | BlackSky Global | Low Earth | Earth observation | In orbit | Operational | ||
Starlink SmallSat Rideshare mission to deploy BlackSky Global 7 and 8;[180] first Starlink rideshare contracted with Spaceflight Industries, dubbed "SXRS-1".[181] | |||||||
15 August 22:04[184] | Ariane 5 ECA | VA253 | Kourou ELA-3 | Arianespace | |||
BSAT-4b | BSAT | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
Galaxy 30 | Intelsat | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
MEV-2 | Northrop Grumman | Geosynchronous | Satellite servicing | In orbit | Operational | ||
MEV-2 successfully docked with Intelsat 10-02 on 12 April 2021.[183] | |||||||
18 August 14:31:16[185] | Falcon 9 Block 5 | Starlink V1.0-L10 | Cape Canaveral SLC-40 | SpaceX | |||
Starlink × 58 | SpaceX | Low Earth | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
SkySat 19–21[186] | Planet Labs | Low Earth | Earth observation | In orbit | Operational | ||
Starlink SmallSat Rideshare mission to deploy SkySat 19–21. | |||||||
23 August 02:27:04[187][188] | Long March 2D | 2D-Y57 | Jiuquan SLS-2 | CASC | |||
Gaofen-9 05 | CNSA | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | In orbit | Operational | ||
Tiantuo-5 | NUDT | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | In orbit | Operational | ||
Duo Gongneng Shiyan Weixing | AMS | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | In orbit | Operational | ||
30 August 23:18:56[189] | Falcon 9 Block 5 | F9-092 | Cape Canaveral SLC-40 | SpaceX | |||
SAOCOM 1B | CONAE | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | In orbit | Operational | ||
⚀ EG-2 (Tyvak-0172)[190][191] | EchoStar | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | In orbit | Spacecraft failure | ||
⚀ GNOMES-1[192] | PlanetIQ | Low Earth (SSO) | Radio occultation | In orbit | Operational | ||
First polar orbit mission from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station since ESSA-9 in 1969. SmallSat Rideshare mission to deploy Tyvak-0172 and GNOMES-1. | |||||||
31 August 03:05:47[193] | Electron | "I Can't Believe It's Not Optical" | Mahia LC-1A | Rocket Lab | |||
Sequoia (Capella 2) | Capella Space | Low Earth | Earth observation | In orbit | Operational | ||
Photon (First Light) | Rocket Lab | Low Earth | Flight test | In orbit | Operational[194] | ||
Return-to-flight mission for Electron. Second launch of the Photon satellite bus. | |||||||
September | |||||||
3 September 01:51:10[202][203] | Vega | VV16 | Kourou ELV | Arianespace | |||
Athena | Facebook[204] | Low Earth (SSO) | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
ESAIL[195] | exactEarth | Low Earth (SSO) | AIS ship tracking | In orbit | Operational | ||
GHGSat-C1 (Iris)[205][196] | GHGSat | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | In orbit | Operational | ||
NEMO-HD[195][196] | UTIAS / Space-SI | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | In orbit | Operational | ||
ÑuSat 6 (Hypatia)[206] | Satellogic | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | In orbit | Operational | ||
UPM-Sat 2[195] | UPM | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration Education | In orbit | Operational | ||
ION CubeSat Carrier 1 (ION SCV LUCAS)[195] | D-Orbit | Low Earth (SSO) | CubeSat deployer | In orbit | Operational[207] | ||
⚀ Flock-4v × 26[208] | Planet Labs | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | In orbit | Operational | ||
⚀ AMICal SAT[195] | CSUG / MSU | Low Earth (SSO) | Auroral science | In orbit | Operational | ||
⚀ DIDO-3[196] | SpacePharma / ISA / ASI | Low Earth (SSO) | Microgravity research | In orbit | Operational | ||
⚀ FSSCAT A and B[196][209] | UPC | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | In orbit | Operational | ||
⚀ Lemur-2 × 8[195] | Spire Global | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | In orbit | Operational (6/8) | ||
⚀ OSM-1 Cicero[200][210] | OSM | Low Earth (SSO) | Radio occultation | In orbit | Operational | ||
⚀ NAPA-1 (RTAFSAT-1)[196][211] | RTAF | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | In orbit | Operational | ||
⚀ PICASSO[196] | BIRA-IASB | Low Earth (SSO) | Atmospheric research | In orbit | Operational | ||
⚀ SIMBA[196] | RMI | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | In orbit | Operational | ||
⚀ SpaceBEE × 12[195] | Swarm Technologies | Low Earth (SSO) | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
⚀ TARS[195] | Kepler Communications | Low Earth (SSO) | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
⚀ TRISAT[196] | University of Maribor | Low Earth (SSO) | Education | In orbit | Operational | ||
⚀ TTÜ100[196] | TalTech | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | In orbit | Operational | ||
⚀ EG-1 (Tyvak-0171)[195][190][191] | EchoStar | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | In orbit | Partial spacecraft failure; Operational | ||
Small Satellites Mission Service Proof of Concept (SSMS PoC) mission.[195][196] Return to flight for Vega after the July 2019 launch failure. 53 satellites were deployed by the SSMS dispenser, including 14 Flock CubeSats carried on SSMS QuadPack deployers, while 12 additional Flock CubeSats were deployed separately by the ION SCV LUCAS satellite.[197][195][198] NEMO-HD and TRISAT are Slovenia's first satellites,[199] and OSM-1 Cicero is Monaco's first satellite.[200] Two of the Lemur-2 CubeSats failed to deploy, leading them to de-orbit along with the fourth stage of the Vega booster.[201] | |||||||
3 September 12:46:14[212] | Falcon 9 Block 5 | Starlink V1.0-L11 | Kennedy LC-39A | SpaceX | |||
Starlink × 60 | SpaceX | Low Earth | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
4 September 07:30[213][214] | Long March 2F/T | 2F-T3[57] | Jiuquan SLS-1 | CASC | |||
Chongfu Shiyong Shiyan Hangtian Qi (Reusable Experimental Spacecraft) | CASC | Low Earth | Flight test | 6 September 02:00[215] | Successful | ||
Unidentified satellite[216] | CASC | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | In orbit | Operational | ||
Chinese experimental reusable spaceplane. | |||||||
7 September 05:57[217][218] | Long March 4B | 4B-Y46 | Taiyuan LC-9 | CASC | |||
Gaofen 11-02 | CNSA | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | In orbit | Operational | ||
12 September 03:19[221][222] | Rocket 3 | Rocket 3.1 | Kodiak LP-3B | Astra | |||
Astra Test Payload | Astra | Low Earth | Flight test | 12 September | Launch failure | ||
First flight of Rocket 3. Failed during first stage flight. Originally intended to be the second of two launches for the DARPA Launch Challenge, Rocket 3.1's launch was Astra's first orbital launch attempt following the loss of Rocket 3.0 during a prelaunch test in March 2020.[219][220] | |||||||
12 September 05:02[223][224] | Kuaizhou 1A | Y3[100] | Jiuquan SLS-2 | ExPace | |||
Jilin-1 Gaofen-02C | Chang Guang Satellite Technology | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 12 September | Launch failure | ||
15 September 01:23[225] | Long March 11H | Y2 | De Bo 3 Launch Platform, Yellow Sea | CASC | |||
Jilin-1 Gaofen-03B × 6 | Chang Guang Satellite Technology | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | In orbit | Operational | ||
Jilin-1 Gaofen-03C × 3 | Chang Guang Satellite Technology | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | In orbit | Operational | ||
Second Long March 11 sea launch. | |||||||
21 September 05:40[226][227] | Long March 4B | 4B-Y41 | Jiuquan SLS-2 | CASC | |||
HaiYang 2C | Ministry of Natural Resources | Low Earth | Earth observation | In orbit | Operational | ||
27 September 03:23[228] | Long March 4B | 4B-Y42 | Taiyuan LC-9 | CASC | |||
Huanjing 2A | CNSA | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | In orbit | Operational | ||
Huanjing 2B | CNSA | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | In orbit | Operational | ||
28 September 11:20[229] | Soyuz-2.1b / Fregat | Plesetsk Site 43/4 | Roscosmos | ||||
Gonets-M 17[230] | Gonets Satellite System | Low Earth | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
Gonets-M 18[230] | Gonets Satellite System | Low Earth | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
Gonets-M 19[230] | Gonets Satellite System | Low Earth | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
ICEYE X6[231] | ICEYE | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | In orbit | Operational | ||
ICEYE X7[231] | ICEYE | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | In orbit | Operational | ||
SALSAT[231][232] | TU Berlin | Low Earth (SSO) | Spectrum analysis | In orbit | Operational | ||
⚀ Kepler × 2[233] | Kepler | Low Earth (SSO) | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
⚀ LacunaSat-3[231][234] | NanoAvionics / Lacuna Space | Low Earth (SSO) | IoT | In orbit | Operational | ||
⚀ Lemur-2 × 4[231] | Spire Global | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | In orbit | Operational | ||
⚀ MeznSat[231][235] | Khalifa University / AURAK | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | In orbit | Operational | ||
⚀ NetSat × 4[231][236] | ZFT | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | In orbit | Operational | ||
⚀ Descartes[237] | MSU | Low Earth (SSO) | Space weather | In orbit | Operational | ||
⚀ Norby[237] | NSU | Low Earth (SSO) | Space weather | In orbit | Operational | ||
⚀ Yarilo × 2[231][238] | BMSTU / Lebedev Physical Institute | Low Earth (SSO) | Heliophysics | In orbit | Operational | ||
October | |||||||
3 October 01:16:14[240] | Antares 230+ | MARS LP-0A | Northrop Grumman | ||||
Cygnus NG-14 S.S. Kalpana Chawla[241] | NASA | Low Earth (ISS) | ISS logistics | 26 January 2021 20:23 | Successful[242] | ||
⚀ Bobcat-1 | Ohio University | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | In orbit | Operational | ||
⚀ NEUTRON-1 | University of Hawaii | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | In orbit | Operational | ||
⚀ SPOC | University of Georgia | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | In orbit | Operational | ||
⚀ Lemur-2 | Spire Global | Low Earth | Earth observation | In orbit | Operational | ||
⚀ Djara[243] | ONI | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | In orbit | Operational | ||
⚀ DESCENT | York University | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | In orbit | Operational | ||
⚀ SATLLA-1[244] | Ariel University | Low Earth | Education | In orbit | Operational | ||
The ELaNa 31 mission launched on this resupply flight.[124] All CubeSats launched on this mission were successfully deployed on 5 November 2020.[239] | |||||||
6 October 11:29:34[245] | Falcon 9 Block 5 | Starlink V1.0-L12 | Kennedy LC-39A | SpaceX | |||
Starlink × 60 | SpaceX | Low Earth | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
11 October 16:57[246][247] | Long March 3B/E | 3B-Y63[248] | Xichang LC-2 | CASC | |||
Gaofen-13 | SASTIND | Geosynchronous | Earth observation | In orbit | Operational | ||
14 October 05:45:04[18][249] | Soyuz-2.1a | Baikonur Site 31 | Roscosmos | ||||
Soyuz MS-17 | Roscosmos | Low Earth (ISS) | Expedition 63/64 | 17 April 2021 04:55[250] | Successful | ||
18 October 12:25:57[251] | Falcon 9 Block 5 | Starlink V1.0-L13 | Kennedy LC-39A | SpaceX | |||
Starlink × 60 | SpaceX | Low Earth | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
24 October 15:31:34[252] | Falcon 9 Block 5 | Starlink V1.0-L14 | Cape Canaveral SLC-40 | SpaceX | |||
Starlink × 60 | SpaceX | Low Earth | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
25 October 19:08:42[254][255] | Soyuz-2.1b / Fregat | Plesetsk Site 43/3 | RVSN RF | ||||
GLONASS-K 15 (K1 №3)[256] | VKS | Medium Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Operational | ||
Also known as GLONASS-K 705. Replaced Kosmos 2516 (GLONASS-M 753) following its failure in November 2020.[253] | |||||||
26 October 15:19[257] | Long March 2C | 2C-Y43 | Xichang LC-3 | CASC | |||
Yaogan 30-07 01 | CAS | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Operational | ||
Yaogan 30-07 02 | CAS | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Operational | ||
Yaogan 30-07 03 | CAS | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Operational | ||
Tianqi-6 | Guodian Gaoke | Low Earth | IoT | In orbit | Operational | ||
28 October 21:21:27[258][259] | Electron | "In Focus" | Mahia LC-1A | Rocket Lab | |||
CE-SAT-IIB | Canon Inc. | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | In orbit | Operational | ||
⚀ Flock-4e' × 9 | Planet Labs | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | In orbit | Operational | ||
November | |||||||
5 November 23:24:23[260] | Falcon 9 Block 5 | F9-097 | Cape Canaveral SLC-40 | SpaceX | |||
GPS IIIA-04 Sacagawea | U.S. Space Force | Medium Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Operational | ||
Named after the Shoshone woman Sacagawea, who helped guide the Lewis and Clark Expedition.[141] | |||||||
6 November 03:19[261][262] | Long March 6 | Y3 | Taiyuan LC-16 | CASC | |||
ÑuSat × 10 | Satellogic | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | In orbit | Operational | ||
Taiyuan (BY-03)[263] | Jinshan Middle School / Origin Space | Low Earth (SSO) | Education / Ultraviolet astronomy | In orbit | Operational | ||
Tianyan 05 (UESTC)[263] | ADASpace / MinoSpace | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | In orbit | Operational | ||
⚀ Beihangkongshi-1[264] | Spacety | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | In orbit | Operational | ||
ÑuSat 9–18.[206] Beihangkongshi-1 carries the first iodine electric space propulsion system to be tested in space. | |||||||
7 November 07:12[265][266] | Ceres-1 | Jiuquan | Galactic Energy | ||||
Tianqi-11 | Guodian Gaoke | Low Earth (SSO) | IoT | In orbit | Operational | ||
First flight of Ceres-1. | |||||||
7 November 09:41[267][268] | PSLV-DL | C49 | Satish Dhawan FLP | ISRO | |||
EOS-01 (RISAT-2BR2)[269] | ISRO | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Operational | ||
⚀ KSM × 4[270] | Kleos Space | Low Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Operational | ||
⚀ Lemur-2 × 4 | Spire Global | Low Earth | Earth observation | In orbit | Operational | ||
⚀ R2 (LacunaSat-2)[271] | NanoAvionics | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | In orbit | Operational | ||
12 November 15:59:04[272][273] | Long March 3B/E | 3B-Y73 | Xichang LC-2 | CASC | |||
Tiantong-1 02 | China Satcom | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
13 November 22:32[274] | Atlas V 531 | AV-090[42] | Cape Canaveral SLC-41 | ULA | |||
NROL-101 | NRO | Molniya | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Operational | ||
The first GEM 63 solid rocket motors flew on this mission. May be an SDS satellite. | |||||||
16 November 00:27:17[276] | Falcon 9 Block 5 | F9-098 | Kennedy LC-39A | SpaceX | |||
SpaceX Crew-1 Resilience | SpaceX / NASA | Low Earth (ISS) | Expedition 64/65 | 2 May 2021 06:56 | Successful | ||
Carrying four astronauts. Second crewed and first operational Crew Dragon mission, as part of the Commercial Crew Program.[275] | |||||||
17 November 01:52:20[278] | Vega | VV17[279] | Kourou ELV | Arianespace | |||
SEOSat-Ingenio | ESA / CDTI / INTA | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | 17 November | Launch failure | ||
TARANIS | CNES | Low Earth (SSO) | TLE observation | 17 November | Launch failure | ||
Mission failure due to human error. Cables leading to thrust vector control actuators were inverted during engine assembly, causing the AVUM upper stage to tumble upon ignition.[277] | |||||||
20 November 02:20:01[283] | Electron | "Return to Sender" | Mahia LC-1A | Rocket Lab | |||
⚀ Alchemy (DragRacer A) | TriSept | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | January 3 2021 | Success | ||
⚀ Augury (DragRacer B) | TriSept | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | In orbit | Operational | ||
⚀ BRO-2 | UnseenLabs | Low Earth (SSO) | SIGINT | In orbit | Operational | ||
⚀ BRO-3 | UnseenLabs | Low Earth (SSO) | SIGINT | In orbit | Operational | ||
⚀ APSS-1 (Waka Āmiorangi Aotearoa) | University of Auckland | Low Earth (SSO) | Ionospheric research | In orbit | Spacecraft failure[284] | ||
⚀ Landmapper-BC 5[285] | Astro Digital | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | In orbit | Operational | ||
⚀ SpaceBEE × 18 | Swarm Technologies | Low Earth (SSO) | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
⚀ SpaceBEE NZ × 6 | Swarm Technologies NZ | Low Earth (SSO) | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
Gnome Chompski[286] | Gabe Newell | Low Earth | Charity / Mass simulator | In orbit | Operational | ||
The DragRacer mission will test Tethers Unlimited's Terminator Tape, an electrodynamic tether that can passively de-orbit satellites in order to reduce space debris.[280][281] Alchemy, the tethered satellite, is expected to take 45 days to de-orbit; Augury, the untethered satellite, is expected to take up to 9 years.[282] First stage recovery using parachutes was successfully attempted on this flight, with the intact booster splashing down in the Pacific Ocean. | |||||||
21 November 17:17:08[287] | Falcon 9 Block 5 | F9-099 | Vandenberg SLC-4E | SpaceX | |||
Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich | NASA / NOAA / ESA / Eumetsat | Low Earth | Oceanography | In orbit | Operational | ||
23 November 20:30:12[289] | Long March 5 | Y5[97] | Wenchang LC-1 | CASC | |||
Chang'e 5 lander | CNSA | Selenocentric | Lunar lander | 1 December 15:11 | Successful | ||
Chang'e 5 ascender | CNSA | Selenocentric | Space rendezvous | 7 December 23:30 | Successful | ||
Chang'e 5 orbiter | CNSA | Initial: Selenocentric Current: Sun–Earth L1 | Lunar orbiter | In orbit | Operational | ||
Chang'e 5 return capsule | CNSA | Selenocentric | Lunar sample return | 16 December 17:59 | Successful | ||
China's first lunar sample return mission. Lunar landing was confirmed on 1 December. The reentry capsule landed on Earth on 16 December and safely delivered 1.7 kg (3.7 lb) of lunar soil and rock samples. The orbiter is currently on an extended mission to the Sun–Earth L1 point.[288] | |||||||
25 November 02:13:12[290] | Falcon 9 Block 5 | Starlink V1.0-L15 | Cape Canaveral SLC-40 | SpaceX | |||
Starlink × 60 | SpaceX | Low Earth | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
First time that a Falcon 9 first-stage booster (B1049.7) has been launched and recovered for the seventh time. | |||||||
29 November 07:25[291][292] | H-IIA 202 | F43 | Tanegashima LA-Y1 | MHI | |||
JDRS-1 (LUCAS)[293] | CAS / JAXA | Geosynchronous | Data relay | In orbit | Operational | ||
Japanese Optical Data Relay Satellite. | |||||||
December | |||||||
2 December 01:33:28[294] | Soyuz ST-A / Fregat-M | VS24 | Kourou ELS | Arianespace | |||
FalconEye-2 | UAE Armed Forces | Low Earth (SSO) | Reconnaissance (IMINT) | In orbit | Operational | ||
3 December 01:14:36[295][296] | Soyuz-2.1b / Fregat | Plesetsk Site 43/3 | Roscosmos | ||||
Gonets-M 20[230] | Gonets Satellite System | Low Earth | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
Gonets-M 21[230] | Gonets Satellite System | Low Earth | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
Gonets-M 22[230] | Gonets Satellite System | Low Earth | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
ERA-1 (Kosmos 2548)[297] | Ministry of Defence | Low Earth | Military | In orbit | Operational | ||
6 December 03:58[298][299] | Long March 3B/E | 3B-Y70 | Xichang LC-3 | CASC | |||
Gaofen-14 | SASTIND | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | In orbit | Operational | ||
First Long March 3B launch to sun-synchronous orbit. | |||||||
6 December 16:17:08[300] | Falcon 9 Block 5 | F9-101 | Kennedy LC-39A | SpaceX | |||
SpaceX CRS-21 | NASA | Low Earth (ISS) | ISS logistics | 14 January 2021 | Successful | ||
Nanoracks Bishop Airlock | Nanoracks / NASA | Low Earth (ISS) | Satellite deployment / ISS assembly | In orbit | Operational | ||
First flight of the cargo version of Dragon 2. Nanoracks Bishop Airlock launched aboard this resupply flight. The airlock is now docked to the ISS as of 12/22/20. | |||||||
9 December 20:14[301][302] | Long March 11 | Y9[112] | Xichang LC-4 | CASC | |||
GECAM A and B[303] | CAS | Low Earth | Gravitational-wave astronomy | In orbit | Operational | ||
11 December 01:09[304] | Delta IV Heavy | D-385 | Cape Canaveral SLC-37B | ULA | |||
Orion 10 / NROL-44 [305] | NRO | Geosynchronous | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Operational | ||
First launch from the newly renamed Cape Canaveral Space Force Station. | |||||||
13 December 17:30[307] | Falcon 9 Block 5 | F9-102 | Cape Canaveral SLC-40 | SpaceX | |||
SXM-7[308] | Sirius XM | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Spacecraft failure | ||
Replacement for the XM-3 satellite launched in 2005. While conducting in-orbit testing the satellite experienced payload unit failures. Exact cause has not been announced.[306] | |||||||
14 December 05:50:00[309][310] | Angara A5 / Briz-M | Plesetsk Site 35/1 | RVSN RF | ||||
IPM 2 (dummy payload)[311] | VKS | Geosynchronous | Flight test | In orbit | Successful | ||
Second orbital flight of Angara A5. | |||||||
15 December 10:09:27[18][312] | Electron | "The Owl's Night Begins" | Mahia LC-1A | Rocket Lab | |||
StriX-α | Synspective | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | In orbit | Operational | ||
15 December 20:55[314][315] | Rocket 3 | Rocket 3.2 | Kodiak LP-3B | Astra | |||
No payload | Astra | Low Earth (SSO) | Flight test | 15 December | Launch failure | ||
Second of three Rocket 3 orbital launch attempts. Successfully achieved an apogee of 390 km (240 mi), but fell just short of orbital velocity due to a suboptimal second stage fuel mixture.[313] | |||||||
17 December 10:11[317] | PSLV-XL | C50[318] | Satish Dhawan SLP | ISRO | |||
CMS-01 (GSAT-12R) | ISRO | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
Replacement for GSAT-12.[316] | |||||||
18 December 12:26:26[320] | Soyuz-2.1b / Fregat | ST29 | Vostochny Site 1S | Arianespace / Starsem | |||
OneWeb × 36 | OneWeb | Low Earth | Communications | In orbit | Operational | ||
Vostochny flight 1. Third large batch of satellites, and the first after bankruptcy in early 2020.[319] | |||||||
19 December 14:00[322] | Falcon 9 Block 5 | F9-103 | Kennedy LC-39A | SpaceX | |||
USA-312 | NRO | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Operational | ||
USA-313 | NRO | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Operational | ||
NROL-108 mission.[321] | |||||||
22 December 04:37:37[323][324][325] | Long March 8 | Y1 | Wenchang LC-2[326] | CASC | |||
Xinjishu Yanzheng-7 (XJY-7) | CAST | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | In orbit | Operational | ||
Haisi-1 | Spacety | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | In orbit | Operational | ||
Tianqi-8 (Ping'an-1) | Guodian Gaoke | Low Earth (SSO) | IoT | In orbit | Operational | ||
⚀ Yuanguang | Spacety / HBUT | Low Earth (SSO) | Space tribology | In orbit | Operational | ||
⚀ ET-SMART-RSS (Zhixing-1A)[327] | ESSTI / SMART | Low Earth (SSO) | Earth observation | In orbit | Operational | ||
First flight of Long March 8. | |||||||
27 December 15:44[328] | Long March 4C | 4C-Y35 | Jiuquan SLS-2 | CASC | |||
Yaogan 33(R) | CAS | Low Earth (SSO) | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Operational | ||
⚀ Weina-2 | SECM | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology demonstration | In orbit | Operational | ||
Replacement for Yaogan 33, which was lost in a launch failure on 22 May 2019. | |||||||
29 December 16:42:07[329][330] | Soyuz ST-A / Fregat-M | VS25 | Kourou ELS | Arianespace | |||
CSO-2 | CNES / DGA | Low Earth (SSO) | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Operational |
Vuelos suborbitales
Date and time (UTC) | Rocket | Flight number | Launch site | LSP | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Payload (⚀ = CubeSat) | Operator | Orbit | Function | Decay (UTC) | Outcome | ||
Remarks | |||||||
9 January 08:00:00 | S-310 | 45 | Uchinoura | JAXA | |||
JAXA | Suborbital | Technology | 9 January | Successful | |||
Apogee: 131 km[331] | |||||||
19 January | K-4 | Visakhapatnam | Indian Navy | ||||
Indian Navy | Suborbital | Missile test | 19 January | Successful | |||
Apogee: 500 km? The missile was from a submerged platform located in the coastal waters of Andhra Pradesh. This test was undertaken in full operational configuration during which the missile traversed a distance of over 3,500 km in approximately 21 minutes.[332] | |||||||
19 January 15:30[337] | Falcon 9 Block 5 | Kennedy LC-39A | SpaceX | ||||
SpaceX Dragon 2 | SpaceX | Suborbital | Test flight | 19 January | Successful | ||
Apogee: 40 km.[333] In-flight abort test at Max Q. It was planned that the capsule from the first demonstration mission SpX-DM1 would be used, but that capsule having been subsequently destroyed after the mission in a fire during a ground-test, a new capsule was assigned for this mission.[334][335][336] | |||||||
24 January | K-4 | Visakhapatnam | Indian Navy | ||||
Indian Navy | Suborbital | Missile test | 24 January | Successful | |||
Apogee: 500 km? | |||||||
27 January 13:40 | Black Brant IX | Poker Flat Research Range | NASA | ||||
PolarNOx 2 | Virginia Tech | Suborbital | Thermosphere research | 27 January | Successful | ||
Apogee: 260 kilometres (160 mi) | |||||||
5 February 08:33 | Minuteman-III | Vandenberg Air Force Base LF-04 | US Air Force | ||||
FTU-2 | US Air Force | Suborbital | Test flight | 5 February | Successful | ||
12 February | UGM-133 Trident II | USS Maine (SSBN-741), Pacific Missile Range Facility | US Navy | ||||
US Navy | Suborbital | Missile test | 12 February | Successful | |||
Demonstration and Shakedown Operation (DASO) 30 | |||||||
16 February | UGM-133 Trident II | USS Maine (SSBN-741), Pacific Missile Range Facility | US Navy | ||||
US Navy | Suborbital | Missile test | 16 February | Successful | |||
Demonstration and Shakedown Operation (DASO) 30 | |||||||
19 February 23:14 | Improved Malemute | Esrange | SSC | ||||
SPIDER-2 | SNSA | Suborbital | Atmospheric analysis | 19 February | Successful | ||
Apogee 120 km (74 mi) | |||||||
20 March 08:30 | UGM-27 Polaris (STARS) | Barking Sands LC-42 | US Navy | ||||
C-HGB | US Navy | Suborbital | Technology | 20 March | Successful | ||
Common-Hypersonic Glide Body, successful hypersonic glide vehicle test.[338] | |||||||
15 April 15:00 [339] | PL-19 "Nudol" | Plesetsk cosmodrome | |||||
Suborbital | Missile test | 15 April | Successful | ||||
Anti-satellite missile test | |||||||
12 June | M51 | Le Téméraire, Audierne Bay | DGA/Marine nationale | ||||
DGA/Marine nationale | Suborbital | Test flight | 12 June | Successful | |||
Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)? | |||||||
14 June | Momo 5 | Taiki Aerospace Research Field | Interstellar Technologies | ||||
Kochi University of Technology | Suborbital | ? | 14 June | Launch failure | |||
About 35 seconds into flight, sparks were observed near the engine nozzle. About thirty seconds later, the engine failed and the rocket tumbled out of control. | |||||||
4 August 07:21 | Minuteman-III | Vandenberg Air Force Base LF-10 | US Air Force | ||||
3x Mk 12 RV | US Air Force | Suborbital | Test flight | 4 August | Successful | ||
Mission GT-235GM | |||||||
12 August | Silver Sparrow? | F-15 Eagle, Israel | IAF | ||||
Israeli Air Force | Suborbital | ABM target | 12 August | Successful | |||
Apogee: ~100 kilometres (62 mi)?, AST-18a target, successfully intercepted by Arrow 2 | |||||||
16 August [341] | Skylark Micro | Launch I | Langanes Peninsula Launch Site | Skyrora | |||
Skyrora | Suborbital | Test flight | 16 August | Successful | |||
Maiden flight of Skylark Micro. Apogee: 26,86 km.[340] | |||||||
2 September 07:03 | Minuteman-III | Vandenberg Air Force Base LF-04 | US Air Force | ||||
1x RV | US Air Force | Suborbital | Test flight | 2 September | Successful | ||
Mission GT-233GM | |||||||
8 September 18:00[342] | Black Brant IX | White Sands Missile Range | NASA | ||||
DUST-2 | NASA / JAXA | Suborbital | Formation and growth of small particles | 8 September | Successful | ||
Apogee: 346 kilometres (215 mi) | |||||||
19 September 00:39 | T-Minus Engineering Dart | TED-1 | Koonibba Test Range | T-Minus Engineering | |||
DEWC-SP1 | DEWC Systems | Suborbital | Miniaturized Orbital Electronic Warfare Sensor System | 19 September | Successful | ||
First flight of the T-minus Dart. First Dutch space launch | |||||||
19 September 02:19 | T-Minus Engineering Dart | TED-2 | Koonibba Test Range | T-Minus Engineering | |||
DEWC-SP2 | DEWC Systems | Suborbital | Miniaturized Orbital Electronic Warfare Sensor System | 19 September | Successful | ||
Flew 1 hour and 40 minutes after the previous flight. | |||||||
13 October 13:36 | New Shepard | NS-13 | Corn Ranch | Blue Origin | |||
Crew Capsule 2.0 | Blue Origin | Suborbital | Test flight/Payload delivery | 13 October | Successful | ||
7th flight of the same capsule. Onboard payloads include Space Lab Technologies, Southwest Research Institute, seeds and postcards for Club for the Future, and multiple payloads for NASA including SPLICE to test future lunar landing technologies in support of the Artemis program. | |||||||
29 October 19:27 [343] | Minuteman-III | Vandenberg Air Force Base LF-09 | US Air Force | ||||
1x RV | US Air Force | Suborbital | Test flight | 29 October | Successful | ||
Mission GT-236GM | |||||||
29 October[344] | SR-0 (Roketsan made L.V.) | Sinop | Roketsan | ||||
Roketsan | Suborbital | Test flight | 29 October | Successful | |||
Apogee 136 kilometers (84.5 mi). | |||||||
2 November 10:20[345] | Black Brant IX | White Sands Missile Range | NASA | ||||
DEUCE | NASA | Suborbital | Astronomy | 2 November | Successful | ||
Apogee: 285 kilometres (177 mi) | |||||||
17 November 05:50[346][347] | ICBM-T2 | Ronald Reagan Ballistic Missile Defense Test Site | US Missile Defense Agency | ||||
SM-3 target | Suborbital | Target for SM-3 FMT-44 | 17 November | Successful | |||
ICBM target for and intercepted by SM-3 FMT-44. | |||||||
17 November [348][349] | SM-3 Block IIA | USS John Finn | US Missile Defense Agency/U.S. Navy | ||||
Kill vehicle | U.S. Navy | Suborbital | ICBM interceptor | 17 November | Successful | ||
Intercepted ICBM-T2 in space. | |||||||
9 December [350][351] | R-29RMU | Karelia (submarine), Barents Sea | Russian Ministry of Defense | ||||
1x RV? | Suborbital | Missile test | 9 December | Successful | |||
9 December [352][353] | RS-24 Yars | Plesetsk cosmodrome | Russian Ministry of Defense | ||||
1x RV? | Suborbital | Missile test | 9 December | Successful | |||
12 December 16:15 [355] | SpaceShipTwo | 19 | Spaceport America | Virgin Galactic | |||
VSS Unity | Virgin Galactic | Suborbital | Crewed spaceflight | 12 December | Aborted | ||
First attempted crewed spaceflight from New Mexico. One second after ignition, the spacecraft's engine aborted, and shut down. The two crewmembers aboard, David Mackay and Frederick Sturckow, piloted the spacecraft to a safe landing.[354] | |||||||
12 December[356] | RSM-56 Bulava | K-551 Vladimir Monomakh (submarine), Sea of Okhotsk | Russian Ministry of Defense | ||||
1x RV | Russian Ministry of Defense | Suborbital | Missile test | 12 December | Successful | ||
Rapid launch of four intercontinental ballistic missiles. | |||||||
12 December | RSM-56 Bulava | K-551 Vladimir Monomakh (submarine), Sea of Okhotsk | Russian Ministry of Defense | ||||
1x RV | Russian Ministry of Defense | Suborbital | Missile test | 12 December | Successful | ||
Rapid launch of four intercontinental ballistic missiles. | |||||||
12 December | RSM-56 Bulava | K-551 Vladimir Monomakh (submarine), Sea of Okhotsk | Russian Ministry of Defense | ||||
1x RV | Russian Ministry of Defense | Suborbital | Missile test | 12 December | Successful | ||
Rapid launch of four intercontinental ballistic missiles. | |||||||
12 December | RSM-56 Bulava | K-551 Vladimir Monomakh (submarine), Sea of Okhotsk | Russian Ministry of Defense | ||||
1x RV | Russian Ministry of Defense | Suborbital | Missile test | 12 December | Successful | ||
Rapid launch of four intercontinental ballistic missiles. | |||||||
16 December [357] | PL-19 "Nudol" | Plesetsk cosmodrome | |||||
Suborbital | Missile test | 16 December | Successful | ||||
Anti-satellite missile test |
Lanza desde la Luna
Date and time (UTC) | Rocket | Flight number | Launch site | LSP | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Payload (⚀ = CubeSat) | Operator | Orbit | Function | Decay (UTC) | Outcome | ||
Remarks | |||||||
3 December 15:10 [358][359] | Chang'e 5 ascent vehicle | Chang'e 5 descent stage, Mons Rümker | CNSA | ||||
Lunar soil sample | CNSA | Selenocentric orbit | Sample return | 7 December 2020 | Successful | ||
Sample return mission. First flight of the Chang'e ascent stage. Rendezvoused and docked with the Chang'e 5 Earth return vehicle to transfer lunar soil samples for return to Earth. |
Encuentro en el espacio profundo
Date (UTC) | Spacecraft | Event | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|
29 January | Parker Solar Probe | 4th perihelion | |
17 February | Juno | 25th perijove of Jupiter | |
10 April | Juno | 26th perijove | |
10 April | BepiColombo | Gravity assist at Earth | |
2 June | Juno | 27th perijove | |
7 June | Parker Solar Probe | 5th perihelion | |
11 July | Parker Solar Probe | Third gravity assist at Venus | |
25 July | Juno | 28th perijove | |
16 September | Juno | 29th perijove | |
27 September | Parker Solar Probe | 6th perihelion | |
16 October | BepiColombo | First gravity assist at Venus | |
20 October [360] | OSIRIS-REx | Touch-and-go maneuver on Bennu for sampling | |
8 November | Juno | 30th perijove | |
28 November | Chang'e 5 | Lunar orbital insertion [361] | |
1 December | Chang'e 5 lander and ascent vehicle | Lunar landing | Sample return mission successfully landed in Mons Rümker region of Oceanus Procellarum, coordinates 43°03′27″N 51°54′58″E / 43.0576°N 51.9161°E / 43.0576; 51.9161. |
5 December | Chang'e 5 ascent vehicle and orbiter | Lunar orbit rendezvous | First-ever robotic rendezvous and docking in lunar orbit |
5 December [362] | Hayabusa2 | Sample return to Earth | |
7 December | Chang'e 5 ascent vehicle | Lunar impact | Intentional de-orbit following docking and transfer of samples to orbiter and reentry capsule |
13 December | Chang'e 5 orbiter and reentry capsule | Trans-Earth injection | |
16 December | Chang'e 5 reentry capsule | Lunar sample return | Perform a skip reentry to reduce the heating loads |
26 December | Solar Orbiter | First gravity assist at Venus [363] | |
30 December | Juno | 31st perijove |
Actividades extravehiculares (EVA)
Start Date/Time | Duration | End Time | Spacecraft | Crew | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
15 January 18:04 | 7 hours 29 minutes | 01:33 | Expedition 61 ISS Quest | Christina Koch Jessica Meir | During the 7-hour, 29-minute spacewalk, the two NASA astronauts successfully replaced nickel-hydrogen batteries with newer, more powerful lithium-ion batteries for the power channel on one pair of the station’s solar arrays.[364] |
20 January 17:33 | 6 hours 58 minutes | 00:31 | Expedition 61 ISS Quest | Christina Koch Jessica Meir | During the six hour and 58-minute spacewalk, the two NASA astronauts successfully completed the battery upgrade for one channel on one pair of the station’s solar arrays. Work included removing the last two nickel-hydrogen batteries from this area of the station’s backbone near the port solar array and moving them to an external platform. The batteries will be stored there until they can be disposed of in the next Japanese HTV cargo spacecraft after it delivers tons of supplies to the space station later this year. Meir and Koch also installed the sixth and final new lithium-ion battery, and ground controllers verified the new batteries powered up successfully to provide an improved and more efficient power capacity for station operations.[365] |
25 January 11:04 | 6 hours 16 minutes | 17:20 | Expedition 61 ISS Quest | Andrew Morgan Luca Parmitano | During the 6 hour, 16 minute spacewalk, the two astronauts successfully completed leak checks for the cooling system on the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) and opened a valve to being pressurizing the system. Preliminary testing shows AMS is responding as expected.[366] |
26 June 11:02 | 6 hours 7 minutes | 17:39 | Expedition 63 ISS Quest | Chris Cassidy Robert Behnken | The spacewalkers removed five of six aging nickel-hydrogen batteries for one of two power channels for the starboard 6 (S6) truss, installed two of three new lithium-ion batteries, and installed two of three associated adapter plates that are used to complete the power circuit to the new batteries. Mission control reports that the two new batteries are working. The two NASA astronauts completed all the work planned for this first of four spacewalks to replace batteries that provide power for the station’s solar arrays on the starboard truss of the complex as well as initial tasks originally planned for the second scheduled spacewalk next Wednesday. The new batteries provide an improved and more efficient power capacity for operations.[367] |
1 July 11:13 | 6 hours 1 minutes | 17:14 | Expedition 63 ISS Quest | Chris Cassidy Robert Behnken | During the six hour and one-minute spacewalk, the two NASA astronauts completed half the work to upgrade the batteries that provide power for one channel on one pair of the station’s solar arrays. The new batteries provide an improved and more efficient power capacity for operations. They successfully moved and connected one new, powerful lithium-ion battery and its adapter place to complete the circuit to the new battery and relocated one aging nickel-hydrogen battery to an external platform for future disposal.[368] |
16 July 11:10 | 6 hours | 17:10 | Expedition 63 ISS Quest | Chris Cassidy Robert Behnken | The two NASA astronauts completed all the work to replace batteries that provide power for the International Space Station’s solar arrays on the starboard truss of the complex. The new batteries provide an improved and more efficient power capacity for operations. The spacewalkers removed six aging nickel-hydrogen batteries for the second of two power channels for the starboard 6 (S6) truss, installed three new lithium-ion batteries, and installed the three associated adapter plates that are used to complete the power circuit to the new batteries.[369] |
21 July 11:12 | 5 hours 29 minutes | 16:41 | Expedition 63 ISS Quest | Chris Cassidy Robert Behnken | The two NASA astronauts installed a protective storage unit that includes two Robotic External Leak Locator (RELL) units the Canadian Space Agency’s Dextre robot can use to detect leaks of ammonia, which is used to operate the station’s cooling system. They removed two lifting fixtures at the base of station solar arrays on the near port truss, or backbone, of the station. The "H-fixtures" were used for ground processing of the solar arrays prior to their launch. They then completed tasks to prepare the outside of the Tranquility module for the arrival later this year of the Nanoracks commercial airlock on a SpaceX cargo delivery mission. They also routed ethernet cables and removed a lens filter cover from an external camera.[370] |
18 November 15:12 | 6 hours 48 minutes | 22:00 | Expedition 64 Poisk Airlock | Sergey Ryzhikov Sergey Kud-Sverchkov | Spacewalk was conducted using Poisk Module airlock for the first time in 11 years. This spacewalk includes works in preparation of Pirs module decommissioning and departure: relocated antenna and repositioned instruments Replacement of fluid flow regulator was not done as astronauts were unable to open new module compartment, this task was deferred to a future spacewalk.[371] |
Estadísticas de lanzamiento orbital
By country
For the purposes of this section, the yearly tally of orbital launches by country assigns each flight to the country of origin of the rocket, not to the launch services provider or the spaceport. For example, Soyuz launches by Arianespace in Kourou are counted under Russia because Soyuz-2 is a Russian rocket. Launches from the Moon are not included in the statistics.
Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
China | 39 | 35 | 4 | 0 | ||
Europe | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0 | ||
India | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | ||
Iran | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
Israel | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
Japan | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | ||
Russia | 17 | 17 | 0 | 0 | Includes two Soyuz launches from Kourou | |
United States | 44 | 40 | 4 | 0 | Includes seven Electron launches from Mahia | |
World | 114 | 104 | 10 | 0 |
By rocket
- Antares 230+
- Ariane 5
- Atlas V
- Electron
- Falcon 9 new
- Falcon 9 reused
- Falcon Heavy
- H-IIA
- H-IIB
- Kuaizhou 1A
- Kuaizhou 11
- Long March 2
- Long March 3
- Long March 4
- Long March 5
- Long March 6
- Long March 7
- Long March 8
- Long March 11
- Soyuz-2 (Russia)
- Soyuz-ST (Europe)
- PSLV
- Vega
- Others
By family
Family | Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Angara | Russia | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Antares | United States | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Ariane | Europe | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Astra | United States | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Atlas | United States | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
Ceres | China | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Delta | United States | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Electron | United States | 7 | 6 | 1 | 0 | |
Falcon | United States | 25 | 25 | 0 | 0 | |
H-II | Japan | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Kuaizhou | China | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | |
LauncherOne | United States | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Long March | China | 34 | 32 | 2 | 0 | |
Minotaur | United States | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
R-7 | Russia | 15 | 15 | 0 | 0 | |
Safir | Iran | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
SLV | India | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Shavit | Israel | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Simorgh | Iran | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
Universal Rocket | Russia | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Vega | Europe | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
By type
Rocket | Country | Family | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Angara | Russia | Angara | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Antares 200 | United States | Antares | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Ariane 5 | Europe | Ariane | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas V | United States | Atlas | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
Ceres-1 | China | Ceres | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Delta IV | United States | Delta | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Electron | United States | Electron | 7 | 6 | 1 | 0 | |
Falcon 9 | United States | Falcon | 25 | 25 | 0 | 0 | |
H-IIA | Japan | H-II | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
H-IIB | Japan | H-II | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Final flight |
Kuaizhou | China | Kuaizhou | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | |
LauncherOne | United States | LauncherOne | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Long March 2 | China | Long March | 11 | 11 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 3 | China | Long March | 8 | 7 | 1 | 0 | |
Long March 4 | China | Long March | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 5 | China | Long March | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 6 | China | Long March | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 7 | China | Long March | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
Long March 8 | China | Long March | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Long March 11 | China | Long March | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Minotaur IV | United States | Minotaur | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
PSLV | India | SLV | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Proton | Russia | Universal Rocket | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Qased | Iran | Safir | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Rocket 3 | United States | Astra | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Shavit | Israel | Shavit | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Simorgh | Iran | Simorgh | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
Soyuz-2 | Russia | R-7 | 15 | 15 | 0 | 0 | |
Vega | Europe | Vega | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
By configuration
Rocket | Country | Type | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Angara A5 / Briz-M | Russia | Angara | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Antares 230+ | United States | Antares | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Ariane 5 ECA | Europe | Ariane 5 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas V 411 | United States | Atlas V | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas V 501 | United States | Atlas V | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas V 531 | United States | Atlas V | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas V 541 | United States | Atlas V | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas V 551 | United States | Atlas V | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Delta IV Heavy | United States | Delta IV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Ceres-1 | China | Ceres-1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Electron | United States | Electron | 7 | 6 | 1 | 0 | |
Falcon 9 Block 5 | United States | Falcon 9 | 25 | 25 | 0 | 0 | |
H-IIA 202 | Japan | H-IIA | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
H-IIB | Japan | H-IIB | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Final flight |
Kuaizhou 1A | China | Kuaizhou | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | |
Kuaizhou 11 | China | Kuaizhou | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Maiden flight |
LauncherOne | United States | LauncherOne | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Long March 2C | China | Long March 2 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 2D | China | Long March 2 | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 2F | China | Long March 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 3B/E | China | Long March 3 | 8 | 7 | 1 | 0 | |
Long March 4B | China | Long March 4 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 4C | China | Long March 4 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 5 | China | Long March 5 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 5B | China | Long March 5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Long March 6 | China | Long March 6 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 7A | China | Long March 7 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Long March 8 | China | Long March 8 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Long March 11 | China | Long March 11 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Minotaur IV | United States | Minotaur IV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Proton-M / Briz-M | Russia | Proton | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
PSLV-XL | India | PSLV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
PSLV-DL | India | PSLV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Qased | Iran | Qased | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Rocket 3 | United States | Rocket 3 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Shavit | Israel | Shavit | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Simorgh | Iran | Simorgh | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
Soyuz-2.1a | Russia | Soyuz-2 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-2.1a / Fregat-M or ST-A | Russia | Soyuz-2 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-2.1b / Fregat-M or ST-B | Russia | Soyuz-2 | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | |
Vega | Europe | Vega | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
By spaceport
- Jiuquan
- Taiyuan
- Wenchang
- Xichang
- Yellow Sea
- Kourou
- Satish Dhawan
- Semnan
- Shahrud
- Palmachim
- Tanegashima
- Baikonur
- Mahia
- Plesetsk
- Vostochny
- Cape Canaveral
- Kennedy
- MARS
- Mojave
- PSCA
- Vandenberg
Site | Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baikonur | Kazakhstan | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | |
Cape Canaveral | United States | 20 | 20 | 0 | 0 | |
Jiuquan | China | 13 | 11 | 2 | 0 | |
Kennedy | United States | 10 | 10 | 0 | 0 | |
Kourou | France | 7 | 6 | 1 | 0 | |
Mahia | New Zealand | 7 | 6 | 1 | 0 | |
MARS | United States | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Mojave | United States | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
PSCA | United States | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | |
Palmachim | Israel | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Plesetsk | Russia | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | |
Satish Dhawan | India | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Shahrud | Iran | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | First orbital launch |
Semnan | Iran | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
Taiyuan | China | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | |
Tanegashima | Japan | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Vandenberg | United States | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Vostochny | Russia | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Wenchang | China | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0 | |
Xichang | China | 13 | 12 | 1 | 0 | |
Yellow Sea | China | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Total | 114 | 104 | 10 | 0 |
By orbit
- Low Earth
- Low Earth (ISS)
- Low Earth (SSO)
- Low Earth (retrograde)
- Medium Earth
- Molniya
- Geosychronous
- Lunar transfer
- Heliocentric
Orbital regime | Launches | Achieved | Not achieved | Accidentally achieved | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Transatmospheric | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Low Earth / Sun-synchronous | 82 | 74 | 8 | 0 | Including flights to the ISS |
Geosynchronous / GTO | 19 | 17 | 2 | 0 | |
Medium Earth / Molniya | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | |
High Earth / Lunar transfer | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Heliocentric orbit / Planetary transfer | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Total | 114 | 104 | 10 | 0 |
Estadísticas de lanzamiento suborbital
By country
For the purposes of this section, the yearly tally of suborbital launches by country assigns each flight to the country of origin of the rocket, not to the launch services provider or the spaceport. Flights intended to fly below 80km (50 mi) are omitted.
Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Canada | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | ||
France | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
India | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | ||
Israel | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
Japan | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
Netherlands | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | Includes T-Minus Dart launches from Australia | |
Russia | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | ||
Turkey | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
United States | 11 | 11 | 0 | 0 | ||
World | 31 | 30 | 1 | 0 |
Primer lanzamiento orbital exitoso
- Ceres-1
- Long March 5B
- Long March 8
- Qased
Ver también
- Timeline of Solar System exploration#2020s
- 2020 SO, a near-Earth object orbiting Earth and Sun that was confirmed to be a remnant of 1966 in spaceflight in December[372]
Notas
Referencias
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- ^ "MINUTEMAN III TEST LAUNCH DEMONSTRATES SAFE, RELIABLE DETERRENT".
- ^ "The Probe Rocket, which we produced with domestic and national technologies within the scope of our studies, crossed the space limit on October 29".
- ^ "Sounding Rocket to See What Keeps Intergalactic Space Sizzling".
- ^ "U.S. successfully conducts SM-3 Block IIA Intercept Test against an Intercontinental Ballistic Missile Target".
- ^ "SM-3 Block IIA Set For First Ever ICBM Intercept Test".
- ^ "U.S. successfully conducts SM-3 Block IIA Intercept Test against an Intercontinental Ballistic Missile Target".
- ^ "SM-3 Block IIA Set For First Ever ICBM Intercept Test".
- ^ "Russia Military Shows Off Nuclear Forces with Air, Land and Sea Missile Launches".
- ^ "Russia conducts drills of its strategic nuclear forces".
- ^ "Russia Military Shows Off Nuclear Forces with Air, Land and Sea Missile Launches".
- ^ "The launch of the Yars ICBM from the Plesetsk cosmodrome was shot from different angles".
- ^ Gebhardt, Chris; Burghardt, Thomas. "VSS Unity aborts after engine start, safely lands with crew back at Spaceport America". NASASpaceFlight.com. NASASpaceFlight.com. Retrieved 29 December 2020.
- ^ "VIRGIN GALACTIC FLIGHT TEST PROGRAM UPDATE – VSS UNITY PREPARING FOR FIRST ROCKET POWERED FLIGHT FROM NEW MEXICO".
- ^ Isachenkov, Vladimir (12 December 2020). "Russian nuclear submarine test-fires 4 missiles". Associated Press. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
- ^ "Russia has launched an anti-satellite missile test, US Space Command says".
- ^ "Chinese spacecraft takes off from moon with samples".
- ^ "If I heard correctly the mission director called out the takeoff time as 15:10:21.000 UTC".
- ^ "NASA's OSIRIS-REx Ready for Touchdown on Asteroid Bennu". 20 May 2020. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ @Cosmic_Penguin (29 November 2020). "Well well well...on Chinese social media this picture was leaked which shows all critical timings of Chang'e 5 around cis-lunar space! The timings were very close to the actual ones for the few things that happened already. Translation, clockwise from lower right in UTC:" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
- ^ "Joint Statement for Cooperation in the Hayabusa2 Sample Return Mission by the Australian Space Agency and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency" (Press release). JAXA. 14 July 2020. Retrieved 14 July 2020.
- ^ "Solar Orbiter: Mission Operations". ESA. 12 February 2020. Retrieved 27 April 2020.
- ^ Garcia, Mark (15 January 2020). "Astronauts Wrap Up First Spacewalk of 2020". NASA. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
- ^ Garcia, Mark (20 January 2020). "Meir, Koch Complete Battery Swaps to Upgrade Station Power Systems". NASA. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
- ^ Garcia, Mark (25 January 2020). "Astronauts Wrap Up Spacewalk Repair Job on Cosmic Ray Detector". NASA. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
- ^ Lewis, Marie (26 June 2020). "Cassidy and Behnken Conclude Spacewalk to Replace Batteries". NASA. Retrieved 7 August 2020. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ Cawley, James (1 July 2020). "Cassidy and Behnken Wrap up Battery Spacewalk". NASA. Retrieved 7 August 2020. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ Sempsrott, Danielle (16 July 2020). "NASA Astronauts Conclude Today's Spacewalk". NASA. Retrieved 7 August 2020.
- ^ Heiney, Anna (21 July 2020). "NASA Behnken and Cassidy Conclude Ten Spacewalks Each". NASA. Retrieved 7 August 2020.
- ^ Garcia, Mark (18 November 2020). "Cosmonauts Wrap Up Spacewalk at Station". NASA. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
- ^ Talbert, Tricia (2 December 2020). "New Data Confirm 2020 SO to be 1960s Upper Centaur Rocket Booster". NASA. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
enlaces externos
Spaceflight portal
- Bergin, Chris. "NASASpaceFlight.com".
- Clark, Stephen. "Spaceflight Now".
- Kelso, T.S. "Satellite Catalog (SATCAT)". CelesTrak.
- Krebs, Gunter. "Chronology of Space Launches".
- Kyle, Ed. "Space Launch Report".
- McDowell, Jonathan. "Jonathan's Space Report".
- Pietrobon, Steven. "Steven Pietrobon's Space Archive".
- Wade, Mark. "Encyclopedia Astronautica".
- Webb, Brian. "Southwest Space Archive".
- Zak, Anatoly. "Russian Space Web".
- "ISS Calendar". Spaceflight 101.
- "NSSDCA Master Catalog". NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.
- "Space Calendar". NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
- "Space Information Center". JAXA.
- "Хроника освоения космоса" [Chronicle of space exploration]. CosmoWorld (in Russian).