La década de 980 se extendió desde el 1 de enero de 980 hasta el 31 de diciembre de 989.
Milenio : | 1er milenio |
Siglos : | |
Décadas : | |
Años : | |
Categorías: |
|
Eventos
980
Por lugar
Europa
- La paz se concluye entre el emperador Otto II ( el Rojo ) y el rey Lotario III (o Lotario IV ) en Margut , poniendo fin a la guerra franco-alemana de 978–980 . Lothair renuncia a su reclamo sobre la Baja Lorena , mientras que Otto promete reconocer al hijo de Lothair, Luis V, como el legítimo heredero del Reino de West Frankish .
- 11 de junio : Vladimir I ( el Grande ), gran príncipe de Kiev , consolida el reino de Kiev desde la Ucrania moderna hasta el Mar Báltico . Vladimir es proclamado gobernante ( knyaz ) de toda la Rus de Kiev .
- Otoño - Otto II emprende su primera expedición a Italia . Deja el gobierno en manos del Archicanciller Willigis . Otto está acompañado por su esposa, la emperatriz Theophanu . [1]
- Invierno: Otto II celebra la Navidad con su familia en Ravenna . Recibe la Corona de Hierro de Lombardía como Rey de Italia .
- El rey Harald Bluetooth ordena la construcción de la fortaleza del anillo vikingo de Trelleborg (actual Dinamarca ).
Inglaterra
- Las incursiones vikingas de Escandinavia amenazan la costa sur de Inglaterra después de una pausa de 25 años. Hampshire y la isla de Thanet están devastadas.
Imperio árabe
- El dialecto Dari (que se convertirá en el idioma principal de Persia ) se desarrolla en las cortes reales del Imperio Samanid en Asia Central .
África
- El Sultanato de Kilwa , centrado en Kilwa (una isla frente a la actual Tanzania ), es fundado por Ali ibn al-Hassan Shirazi , príncipe persa de Shiraz . [2]
Por tema
Religión
- Notker (o Notger ), monje y obispo benedictino franco , funda el Príncipe-Obispado de Lieja ( Bélgica actual ), que seguirá siendo un estado independiente dentro del Sacro Imperio Romano Germánico durante más de 800 años.
981
Por lugar
Europa
- Primavera - El emperador Otto II ( el Rojo ) conduce la corte imperial a Roma , haciendo de la ciudad su capital imperial y recibe a nobles de todas partes de Europa Occidental . Otto hace planes para conquistar la Italia bizantina .
- Caída: Otto II parte con una fuerza expedicionaria de Roma e invade Apulia (sur de Italia ) para castigar a los sarracenos . Exige una flota de Pisa e impone un embargo comercial contra Venecia .
- Al-Mansur , el gobernante de facto de Al-Andalus , conquista y arrasa la ciudad de Zamora , como parte de su esfuerzo por apoderarse del norte de la Península Ibérica, dominado por los cristianos .
Asia
- Verano: Seongjong asciende al trono de Goryeo ( Corea ) después de la muerte de su cuñado (y primo), el rey Gyeongjong .
- Se lleva a cabo la primera ceremonia registrada Mahamastakabhisheka , de la sagrada estatua monolítica de 57 pies (17 m) de altura de Bahubali .
- La estatua de Gommateshwara fue construida por Chavundaraya , ministro y comandante de la dinastía Ganges , en India (fecha aproximada).
Por tema
Exploración
- Erik el Rojo sale de Noruega para explorar el oeste de Islandia en barcos vikingos , que transportan a casi 700 personas con ganado, caballos y otras necesidades para comenzar una colonia en la isla. Erik encuentra tierra y la llama Groenlandia .
Religión
- Primavera - El Papa Benedicto VII disuelve el obispado eslavo de Merseburg , después de consultar con Otto II. Emite una encíclica , prohibiendo la exacción de dinero para la concesión de cualquier Orden Sagrada (conocida como simonía ).
Comercio
- El primer jabón de afeitar fabricado comercialmente se vende por 3 dirhams (0,3 dinares ).
982
Por lugar
Europa
- Verano: el emperador Otto II ( el Rojo ) reúne una fuerza expedicionaria imperial en Taranto y avanza a lo largo de la costa del golfo hacia Calabria . Mientras tanto, el Emir Abu'l-Qasim ( Kalbid ) del Emirato de Sicilia declara una Guerra Santa ( yihad ) contra los alemanes, pero sus fuerzas se retiran, cuando se da cuenta de la inesperada fuerza de las tropas de Otto (no lejos de Rossano ).
- 13 de julio (o 14 ) - Batalla de Stilo : Abu'l-Qasim es acorralado por las fuerzas imperiales alemanas dirigidas por Otto II en el cabo Colonna (al sur de Crotone ). Después de un violento enfrentamiento, la caballería pesada alemana destruye el centro musulmán, matando a al-Qasim en la lucha inicial. Los sarracenos se mantienen unidos, arrastra a Otto a una trampa, rodeando y derrotando a sus fuerzas (matando a unos 4.000 hombres). [3]
- El rey Harald Bluetooth invade Noruega , saqueando el suroeste de Noruega hasta Stad , donde se encuentra con Haakon Sigurdsson (el gobernante de facto de Noruega) y su ejército. Huye de regreso a Dinamarca , poniendo fin a la invasión.
Asia
- 'Adud al-Dawla , emir ( rey de reyes ) de la dinastía Buyid , concluye un tratado de paz de 10 años con el Imperio Bizantino . Establece lo que pronto se convertirá en el hospital más importante de Bagdad . [4]
- La dinastía india Rashtrakuta termina cuando su último gobernante, Indra IV, comete Sallekhana (la práctica religiosa jainista de morir de hambre voluntariamente).
- 13 de octubre : el emperador chino Jing Zong muere (durante un viaje de caza ) después de un reinado de 13 años. Es sucedido por su hijo de 12 años, Sheng Zong , como gobernante de la dinastía Liao liderada por Khitan . Su madre, la emperatriz viuda Xiao Yanyan se convierte en regente .
Por tema
Exploración
- Erik el Rojo establece las primeras colonias vikingas en Groenlandia (véase 981 ).
Religión
- Adalberto se convierte en obispo de Praga tras la muerte de Dětmar (o Dietmar ).
983
Por lugar
Europa
- Verano - Dieta de Verona : el emperador Otto II ( el Rojo ) declara la guerra al Imperio Bizantino y al Emirato de Sicilia . Reúne una gran fuerza expedicionaria para renovar una invasión en Calabria (sur de Italia ). Otto regala el Rheingau ("Distrito del Rin") al arzobispado de Mainz durante la "donación de Veronese".
- Gran ascenso de los eslavos : los eslavos polacos ( wends ), principalmente las tribus lutici y obotrite que viven al este del río Elba se rebelan contra el cristianismo y su subyugación al reino alemán (antiguo franco oriental ) del Sacro Imperio Romano Germánico . Invaden el norte de Alemania , saqueando las ciudades de Havelberg , Brandeburgo y Hamburgo .
- El rey Harald Bluetooth se rebela contra el señorío de Otto II. Un ejército vikingo danés al mando de su hijo Sweyn Forkbeard invade la Marcha de Schleswig , a lo largo de la frontera norte de la Dinamarca moderna . Los eslavos sorbos en el norte de Alemania invadieron y conquistaron la Marcha de Zeitz ( Marca Geronis ) del control sajón .
- 7 de diciembre : Otto II muere de una fiebre en su palacio de Roma después de un reinado de 10 años. Le sucede su hijo de 3 años (ya pre-elegido) Otto III , que es coronado como Rey de Alemania y Lombardía en Aquisgrán . El Sacro Imperio Romano está bajo la regencia de su madre, la emperatriz consorte Theophanu .
Imperio árabe
- 26 de marzo - 'Adud al-Dawla , gobernante ( emir ) de la dinastía Buyid , muere después de un reinado de 34 años. Le sucede su hijo Samsam al-Dawla , de 20 años , reconocido por el califato abasí . Durante el gobierno de al-Dawla, sus dominios se dividen a través de guerras civiles y revueltas (hasta 987 ).
- Caída - Las tropas fatimíes al mando del gobernador Hamdanid de Homs , Bakjur , atacan Alepo ( Siria moderna ), pero son rechazadas por la intervención del ejército bizantino. Bardas Phokas ( el Joven ) saquea la ciudad, mientras que Bakjur huye a territorio fatimí en Egipto .
porcelana
- El emperador Sheng Zong de la dinastía Liao liderada por Khitan lidera una fuerza expedicionaria contra los Zubu después de que mataron a su propio khan y comenzaron a actuar desafiando a los Khitan.
- One of the Four Great Books of Song, the encyclopedia Imperial Readings of the Taiping Era is completed in 1,000 volumes, of 4.7 million written Chinese characters.
By topic
Religion
- July 10 – Pope Benedict VII dies after a 9-year reign. Otto II secures the election of the imperial chancellor and appoints John XIV as the 136th pope of the Catholic Church.
984
By place
Europe
- Spring – German boy-king Otto III (4-years old) is seized by the deposed Henry II (the Wrangler), duke of Bavaria, who has recovered his duchy and claims the regency as a member of the Ottonian Dynasty. But Henry is forced to hand over Otto to his mother, empress consort Theophanu.[5]
- King Ramiro III loses his throne to Bermudo II (the rival king of Galicia), who also becomes ruler of the entire Kingdom of León (modern-day Spain).
Japan
- Fall – Emperor En'yū abdicates the throne in favor of his 16-year-old son Kazan after a 15-year reign. En'yū retires and becomes a Buddhist priest.
By topic
Technology
- Qiao Weiyue, a Chinese engineer, innovates the first known use of the double-gated canal pound lock during the Song Dynasty, for adjusting different water levels in segments of the Grand Canal in China.
Religion
- August 20 – Pope John XIV dies a prisoner in the Castel Sant'Angelo at Rome after a 1-year reign, having either been murdered or starved to death.[6]
- Anti-Pope Boniface VII returns from Constantinople and gains support from the powerful Roman Crescentii family. He takes hold of the papal throne.
985
By place
Europe
- Summer – Henry II (the Wrangler) is restored as duke of Bavaria by Empress Theophanu and her mother-in-law Adelaide at an Hoftag assembly in Rohr (Thuringia). King Otto III (5-years old) remains under the regency of the two empresses in the Holy Roman Empire and in the Kingdom of Italy.[7]
- Battle of Fýrisvellir: King Eric the Victorious defeats a Swedish Viking army under Styrbjörn the Strong (his nephew) near Uppsala.
- July 6 – The city of Barcelona is sacked by Moorish troops under Al-Mansur, the de facto ruler of Al-Andalus (modern-day Spain).[8]
England
- Lady Wulfrun, an Anglo-Saxon noblewoman, is granted land by King Æthelred II (the Unready). She founds Heantune that later becomes the city of Wolverhampton in the West Midlands.[9]
Asia
- Raja Raja Chola I (considered by many as the greatest emperor of the Chola Empire) becomes ruler of the Chola Dynasty. During his reign he expands his domains beyond South India.
By topic
Exploration
- Greenland is colonized by the Icelandic Viking Erik the Red (according to legend, but has been established as approximately correct – see History of Greenland).
Religion
- July 20 – Anti-Pope Boniface VII dies under suspicious circumstances at Rome. He is succeeded by John XV as the 137th pope of the Catholic Church.
986
By place
Byzantine Empire
- August 17 – Battle of the Gates of Trajan: Emperor Basil II leads a Byzantine expeditionary force (30,000 men) against the Bulgarians to capture the fortress city of Sredets. After a siege of 20 days, Basil is forced to retreat from the Sofia Valley towards the town of Ihtiman (through a passage known as the Gate of Trajan). The Bulgarians under Tsar Samuel ambush and defeat the Byzantine forces. Only the elite Varangian Guard escapes with heavy casualties and leads Basil to safety through secondary routes.[10]
Europe
- March 2 – King Lothair III (or Lothair IV) dies after a 32-year reign at Laon. He is succeeded by his 19-year-old son Louis V as ruler of the West Frankish Kingdom.
- Summer: Al-Mansur, the de facto ruler of Al-Andalus, continues his effort in the north of the Iberian Peninsula and plunders the city of Coimbra (modern Portugal).
- Empress Theophanu, accompanied by the 6-year-old King Otto III and Henry II of Bavaria, leads a campaign against Bohemia and the Slavs on the Elbe frontier.
- Mieszko I, duke (de facto) ruler of Poland, pledges his allegiance to Otto III and the Holy Roman Empire. He promises assistance in Otto's war against the Slavs.
- Battle of Hjörungavágr: The Earls of Lade under Haakon Sigurdsson (the Powerful) defeat a Danish invasion force led by the Jomsvikings in western Norway.
- Winter – King Harald II (Bluetooth) dies after a 28-year reign (driven into exile). He is succeeded by his son Sweyn Forkbeard as ruler of Denmark and Norway.
Arabian Empire
- Winter – Sabuktigin, emir of the Ghaznavid Dynasty, invades India. He expands the emirate between the Kabul Valley and the Indus River after defeating King Jayapala.
Asia
- Emperor Kazan abdicates the throne after a political struggle from the Fujiwara family. He is succeeded by his 6-year-old cousin Ichijō as the 66th emperor (tennō) of Japan.
- Summer – Chi Go Pass Campaign: The Song Dynasty sends armies on three fronts against the Liao Dynasty in the Sixteen Prefectures, but they are defeated on all fronts.
By topic
Exploration
- Bjarni Herjólfsson, a Norse-Icelandic merchant captain and explorer, becomes the first inhabitant of the Old World to discover the mainland of the Americas.
Literature
- One of the Four Great Books of Song, the Chinese encyclopedia Finest Blossoms in the Garden of Literature is finished, with a total of 1,000 volumes.
987
By place
Byzantine Empire
- February 7 – Bardas Phokas (the Younger) and Bardas Skleros, two members of the military elite, begin a wide-scale rebellion against Emperor Basil II. They overrun Anatolia, and Phokas declares himself Emperor. Basil applies for military assistance from Prince Vladimir the Great, ruler of Kievan Rus', who agrees to help him and sends a Varangian army (6,000 men).[11]
Europe
- May 21 – King Louis V dies during a hunting accident in the Forest of Halatte near the town of Senlis. His death at age 20 ends the Carolingian Dynasty founded by Charlemagne (the Great) (see 800). The late King's uncle, Charles (Duke of Lower Lorraine), lays claim to the throne. Being a vassal of King Otto III, the Frankish nobles balk at the prospect of his ascension.
- July 3 – Hugh Capet, Count of Paris, is elected and crowned King of France at Noyon (Picardy), by Adalbero (Archbishop of Reims). He becomes the first monarch of the Capetian Dynasty, who rules the kingdom until 1328. Empress-regent Theophanu (the mother of Otto III) leads an expedition to Lower Lorraine, to ensure it remains as part of the Holy Roman Empire.
- Al-Mansur, the de facto ruler of Al-Andalus, occupies the city of Coimbra (modern Portugal).[12] The domination of the Andalusian authorities in the north of Gharb al-Andalus, leads to the submission of the Counts of Portugal to the Caliphate of Córdoba. But it also illustrates the limited ability of the Muslims to repopulate, or at least govern directly, these remote areas.
- December – The 15-year-old Robert (the son of Hugo Capet) is crowned co-ruler of France around Christmas at Orléans.[13]
- The population of Bari revolts against the Byzantine Empire.[14]
- Sweyn Forkbeard (father of Cnut the Great) overthrows his father, Harald Bluetooth, Viking King of Denmark and Norway.
Africa
- The Zirid Dynasty fails to reconquer the western part of the Maghreb (Land of Atlas), which they have recently lost to the Umayyad Caliphate.[15]
By topic
Art
- An extension of the Prayer Hall, Great Mosque of Córdoba at Córdoba (modern Spain), is made.
988
By place
Byzantine Empire
- Fall – Emperor Basil II, supported by a contingent of 6,000 Varangians (the future Varangian Guard), organizes the defences of Constantinople, to meet a threat from the insurgents, Bardas Phokas (the Younger) and Bardas Skleros. Basil crosses the Bosphorus, and leads a surprise attack on the rebel camp of Kalokyros Delphinas, at Chrysopolis. Delphinas is captured and executed, either by crucifixion or by impalement (approximate date).
Europe
- April 1 – The 16-year old Robert II (the Pious) is married to the much older Rozala (the widow of Arnulf II). The marriage is arranged by Robert's father, King Hugh I (Capet), to secure the loyalty of the County of Flanders.
- Borrell II, count of Barcelona, does not renew his allegiance to Hugh I. He becomes a de facto independent ruler, and starts minting its own currency – this will be later confirmed legally by the Treaty of Corbeil (see 1258).
- Charles, duke of Lower Lorraine (the younger brother of the late King Lothair III), revolts against Hugh I. He conquers with support of his half-brother Arnulf (archbishop of Reims) the city of Laon (Northern France).
- Al-Mansur, the de facto ruler of Al-Andalus, continues his offensive against the kingdoms of León and Castile. King Bermudo II escapes to Zamora; the city resists for four days, but is finally sacked and captured.
China
- The Liao Dynasty adopts civil service examinations in the 'Southern Chancellery', based on Tang Dynasty models (approximate date).
By topic
Religion
- Grand Prince Vladimir I (the Great) marries Anna Porphyrogenita (the sister of Basil II), and converts to Christianity. He is baptized at Cherson in the Crimea, taking the Christian name of Basil (in honor of his brother-in-law). Vladimir returns in triumph to Kiev, and begins the Christianization of Kievan Rus' to the Eastern Orthodox Church.
- The Mezhyhirskyi Monastery (located on the Dnieper River) is founded by Michael I, the first metropolitan bishop of Kiev. He arrives with Greek monks from Constantinople.
Economy
- March 18 – The city of Odense (located on the island of Funen) in Denmark is founded. King Otto III grants trade rights and to the neighbouring settlements.[16]
989
By place
Byzantine Empire
- Emperor Basil II uses his contingent of 6,000 Varangians to help him defeat Bardas Phokas (the Younger), who suffers a seizure during the siege of Abydos (threatening to blockade the Dardanelles). Phokas dies, ending the revolt and threat to Constantinople. Upon Phokas' death, the other rebel leader Bardas Skleros (who is captured and blinded) yields to Basil's superior forces.
Europe
- Summer – Charles, Duke of Lower Lorraine, captures the city of Reims by treachery of its new archbishop, Arnulf (the illegitimate son of the late King Lothair III). King Hugh I (Capet), demands that Pope John XV disciplines Arnulf. But John XV, not wishing to defy Empress Theophanu refuses.[17]
- Winter – Theophanu arrives with her son, King Otto III in Rome to meet John XV. Crescentius II (the Younger) offers his submission to the Holy Roman Empire, in return for which she confirms his title as patrician of Rome.
By topic
Religion
- Council of Charroux: French bishops under the patronage of William IV, duke of Aquitaine, declare the first Peace of God (or Pax Dei). This agreement grants immunity from violence to noncombatants (peasants and clergy) who can not defend themselves.
Art
- October 25 – The Hagia Sophia at Constantinople is struck by a great earthquake, causing the collapse of the western dome arch. Basil II asks the Armenian architect Trdat, the creator of the Cathedral of Ani, to direct the repairs.[18]
Education
- Sankore Madrasah is founded by Al-Qadi Aqib ibn Mahmud ibn Umar, the Supreme Judge of Timbuktu (modern-day Mali).
Astronomy
- September – Halley's Comet is at perihelion.
Gente significativa
Nacimientos
980
- July 5 – Mokjong, king of Goryeo (Korea) (d. 1009)
- July 15 – Ichijō, emperor of Japan (d. 1011)
- Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi, Persian scholar (d. 1037)
- Abu 'Ubayd al-Juzjani, Persian physician (d. 1070)
- Adalbero, German nobleman (approximate date)
- Avicenna, Persian polymath (approximate date)
- Baldwin IV (the Bearded), French nobleman (d. 1035)
- Bardo, German abbot and archbishop (approximate date)
- Benedict VIII, pope of the Catholic Church (d. 1024)
- Einar Thambarskelfir, Norwegian nobleman (d. 1050)
- Ekkehard IV, Swiss chronicler (approximate date)
- Farrukhi Sistani, Persian poet (approximate date)
- Geoffrey I, French nobleman (d. 1008)
- Herman I, German nobleman (approximate date)
- Humbert I, founder of the House of Savoy (approximate date)
- Pope Nicholas II, pope of the Catholic Church (d. 1061)
- Olof Skötkonung, king of Sweden (approximate date)
- Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1002)
- Sviatopolk I, Grand Prince of Kiev (approximate date)
- Tancred of Hauteville, Norman nobleman (d. 1041)
- Theodora Porphyrogenita, Byzantine empress (d. 1056)
- Xuedou Chongxian, Chinese Buddhist monk (d. 1052)
981
- Abu'l-Qasim al-Husayn ibn Ali al-Maghribi, Arab statesman (d. 1027)
- Giovanni Orseolo, Venetian nobleman (d. 1006)
- Li Deming, Chinese general and rebel leader (d. 1032)
- Theodora, Empress of the Eastern Roman Empire (d. 1056)[19]
- Torstein Knarresmed, Norse Viking warrior (approximate date)
- Vladivoj, duke of Bohemia (approximate date)
982
- Atiśa, Bengali Buddhist religious leader (d. 1054)
- Dirk III (or Theodoric), count of Holland (d. 1039)
- Judith of Brittany, duchess of Normandy (d. 1017)
983
- Abd al-Rahman Sanchuelo, Umayyad chief minister (d. 1009)
- Anthony of Kiev, Russian monk and saint (d. 1073)
- Gunnlaugr Ormstunga, Icelandic poet (approximate date)
- Odo II, French nobleman and pretender (d. 1037)
- Wulfnoth Cild, Anglo-Norse nobleman (approximate date)
984
- Abu al-Qasim Muhammad, founder of the Abbadid Dynasty (d. 1042)
- Choe Chung, Korean Confucian scholar and poet (d. 1068)
- Emma, queen of England, Denmark and Norway (d. 1052, approximate date)
985
- August 13 – Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, Fatimid caliph (d. 1021)
- Adalbert, margrave of Austria (approximate date)
- Boniface III, margrave of Tuscany (approximate date)
- Gilbert Buatère, Norman nobleman (approximate date)
- Gisela (or Gizella), queen of Hungary (d. 1065)
- John Gualbert, Italian monk and abbot (d. 1073)
- Hamza ibn 'Ali ibn-Ahmad, founding leader of the Druze
- Maria of Amalfi, Lombard duchess and regent
- Osmond Drengot, Norman nobleman (approximate date)
- Pilgrim, archbishop of Cologne (approximate date)
- Radbot, German nobleman (approximate date)
- Rodulfus Glaber, French monk and chronicler (d. 1047)
- Theobald II, French nobleman (approximate date)
- Wazo, bishop of Liège (approximate date)
- Zhao Yuanyan, prince of the Song Dynasty (d. 1044)
986
- Al-Qushayri, Persian Sufi scholar and theologian (d. 1072)
- Æthelstan Ætheling, son of Æthelred II (the Unready) (d. 1014)
- Bezprym (or Besfrim), duke of Poland (approximate date)
- Constance of Arles, French queen (approximate date)
- Lê Long Đĩnh, emperor of the Lê Dynasty (d. 1009)
- Poppo, archbishop of Trier (approximate date)
- Reginald I, count palatine of Burgundy (d. 1057)
987
- Al-Mahdi al-Husayn, Zaidi imam of Yemen (d. 1013)
- Ibn Hayyan, Moorish writer and historian (d. 1075)
- Li, imperial consort of the Song Dynasty (d. 1032)
- Liu Yong, Chinese poet of the Song Dynasty (d. 1053)
988
- Ali ibn Ridwan, Arab physician and astrologer (d. 1061)
- Matilda of Swabia, German noblewoman (d. 1032)
- Minamoto no Yoriyoshi, Japanese nobleman (d. 1075)
- Nōin, Japanese monk and waka poet (d. 1051)
- Pang Ji, chancellor of the Song Dynasty (d. 1063)
- Shōshi, empress consort of Japan (d. 1074)
- Stephen I, king of Croatia (approximate date)
- Tilopa, Indian tantric practitioner (d. 1069)
989
- September 5 – Fan Zhongyan, chancellor of the Song Dynasty (d. 1052)
- Adémar de Chabannes, French monk and historian (d. 1034)
- Al-Jayyānī, Arab scholar and mathematician (d. 1079)
- Chaghri Beg, co-ruler of the Seljuk Empire (d. 1060)
- Regelinda, margravine of Meissen (approximate date)
Fallecidos
980
- February 15 – Berthold, German nobleman (approximate date)
- September 28 – Minamoto no Hiromasa, Japanese nobleman (b. 918)
- Dado (or Dodon), Italian nobleman (approximate date)
- Domnall ua Néill (or Donal O'Neill), High King of Ireland
- Eoghan Ua Cathain, abbot of Clonfert (Ireland)
- Gunnhild, Norwegian Viking queen (approximate date)
- Ibn Khalawayh, Persian scholar and grammar (or 981)
- Liu Chang, emperor of Southern Han (b. 942)
- Yaropolk I, Grand Prince of Kiev (approximate date)
981
- February 12 – Ælfstan, bishop of Ramsbury
- June 20 – Adalbert, archbishop of Magdeburg
- July 9 – Ramiro Garcés, king of Viguera (Spain)
- July 12 – Xue Juzheng, Chinese scholar-official and historian
- August 13 – Gyeongjong, king of Goryeo (Korea) (b. 955)
- Abu'l-Faraj Muhammad, Buyid nobleman and statesman
- Amlaíb Cuarán, Viking king of Scandinavian York
- Ibn Khalawayh, Persian scholar and grammar (or 980)
- Pandulf Ironhead, prince of Benevento and Capua
- Slavník, founder of the Slavník Dynasty (Bohemia)
- Wigger I, German nobleman (approximate date)
- Zhao Defang, prince of the Song Dynasty (b. 959)
982
- January 2 – Dětmar (or Dietmar), bishop of Prague
- July 13 (or 14) – Battle of Stilo:
- Abu'l-Qasim, Kalbid emir of Sicily
- Gunther, margrave of Merseburg
- Henry I, bishop of Augsburg
- Landulf IV, Lombard prince
- Pandulf II, Lombard prince
- October 13 – Jing Zong, emperor of the Liao Dynasty (b. 948)
- November 26 – Matilda, queen of Burgundy (or 981)
- Abu'l Haret Muhammad, Farighunid ruler (approximate date)
- Abu'l-Husain Utbi, Samanid vizier
- Al-Hasan ibn Ubayd Allah ibn Tughj, Ikhshidid prince and regent
- Eadwine, ealdorman of Sussex (approximate date)
- Gao Huaide, Chinese general (b. 926)
- Indra IV, Rashtrakuta ruler (India)
- Jordan, bishop of Poland (or 984)
- Otto I, duke of Swabia and Bavaria (b. 954)
- Senorina, Galician abbess and saint
- Shabbethai Donnolo, Jewish physician (b. 913)
- Wang Pu, Chinese chancellor (b. 922)
983
- March 26 – 'Adud al-Dawla, ruler of the Buyid Dynasty (b. 936)
- July 10 – Benedict VII, pope of the Catholic Church
- December 7 – Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 955)
- Aed Ua Dubhda, king of Uí Fiachrach (Ireland)
- Ælfhere, Anglo-Saxon ealdorman (approximate date)
- Antony III (the Studite), patriarch of Constantinople
- Ibrahim ibn Marzuban, ruler of the Sallarid Dynasty
- Minamoto no Muneyuki, Japanese nobleman and poet
- Minamoto no Shitagō, Japanese waka poet (b. 911)
- Mu'ayyad al-Dawla, ruler of the Buyid Dynasty (b. 942)
984
- July 7 – Crescentius (the Elder), politician and aristocrat
- July 18 – Dietrich I, bishop of Metz
- August 1 – Æthelwold, bishop of Winchester
- August 20 – John XIV, pope of the Catholic Church
- September 9 – Warin, archbishop of Cologne
- Buluggin ibn Ziri, ruler (emir) of the Zirid Dynasty
- Domnall Claen, king of Leinster (Ireland)
- Edith of Wilton, English princess and abbess
- Eochaid Ua Floinn, Irish poet (approximate date)
- Gerberga, Frankish queen (approximate date)
- Jordan, bishop of Poland (or 982)
- Miró III, count of Cerdanya and Besalú (b. 920)
- Ragnhild Eriksdotter, Norse Viking noblewoman
- Shi Shouxin, Chinese general (b. 928)
985
- January 31 – Ryōgen, Japanese monk and abbot (b. 912)
- June 26 – Ramiro III, king of León (Spain) (b. 961)
- July 20 – Boniface VII, pope of the Catholic Church
- August 25 – Dietrich of Haldensleben, German margrave
- Basil Lekapenos, Byzantine chief minister (b. 925)
- Chen Hongjin, Chinese warlord and general (b. 914)
- Herbert III (the Old), Frankish nobleman (b. 910)
- Hywel ap Ieuaf, king of Gwynedd (Wales)
- Judith, duchess regent of Bavaria (b. 925)
- Kishi Joō, Japanese female waka poet (b. 929)
- Marzuban ibn Muhammad, Shaddadid emir
- Muirgus mac Domnaill, king of Uí Maine (Ireland)
- Rikdag, margrave of Meissen (Germany)
- Tornike Eristavi, Georgian general and monk
- Harold II (Bluetooth), king of Denmark and Norway
986
- March 2 – Lothair III, king of the West Frankish Kingdom (b. 941)
- May 25 – Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi, Persian astronomer (b. 903)
- August 15 – Minnborinus, Irish missionary and abbot
- Æthelstan Mannessune, English landowner (approximate date)
- Bahram ibn Ardashir al-Majusi, Buyid official and general
- Bobo, Frankish warrior and pilgrim (approximate date)
- Cadwallon ab Ieuaf, king of Gwynedd (Wales)
- Toke Gormsen, king of Scania (971-986), king of Denmark (985-986)
- Mór ingen Donnchadha, Irish queen (approximate date)
- Yang Ye, Chinese general and governor (jiedushi)
- Styrbjörn the Strong, Swedish Viking ruler
987
- January 10 – Pietro I Orseolo, doge of Venice (b. 928)
- March 30 – Arnulf II (the Younger), Frankish nobleman
- May 21 – Louis V, king of the West Frankish Kingdom
- July 21 – Geoffrey I (Greymantle), Frankish nobleman
- November 16 – Shen Lun, Chinese scholar-official
- Abu'l-Fawaris Ahmad ibn Ali, Ikhshidid governor
- Adalbert I, Frankish nobleman (approximate date)
- Beatrice of France, duchess regent of Upper Lorraine
- Erluin I, Frankish Benedictine monk and abbot
- Otto I (or Eudes), Frankish nobleman (approximate date)
- Owain ap Hywel Dda, king of Deheubarth (Wales)
- Severus ibn al-Muqaffa, Coptic Orthodox bishop
- Střezislava, Bohemian noblewoman (approximate date)
- Ziyar ibn Shahrakuya, Buyid general (approximate date)
988
- February 13 – Adalbert Atto, Lombard nobleman
- April 28 – Adaldag, archbishop of Bremen
- May 6 – Dirk II, count of Frisia and Holland
- May 19 – Dunstan, archbishop of Canterbury (b. 909)
- October 7 – Qian Chu, king of Wuyue (d. 929)
- Bagrat II, prince of Tao-Klarjeti (Georgia)
- Guerech, Frankish nobleman (approximate date)
- Idwal ab Idwal (or Ieuaf), king of Gwynedd (Wales)
- Judith of Hungary, queen of Poland (approximate date)
- Kalokyros Delphinas, Byzantine general (or 989)
- Sumbat II, prince of Tao-Klarjeti (Georgia)
- Vigrahapala II, ruler of the Pala Empire (India)
- Yelü Sha, Chinese general and statesman
989
- January 23 – Adalbero, archbishop of Reims
- April 13 – Bardas Phokas, Byzantine general
- October 5 – Henry III, duke of Bavaria (b. 940)
- Chavundaraya, Indian general, architect and poet
- Chen Tuan, Chinese Taoist monk and philosopher
- Choe Seungno, Korean politician and poet (b. 927)
- Fujiwara no Korenari, Japanese courtier (b. 953)
- Fujiwara no Yoritada, Japanese nobleman (b. 924)
- Glúniairn, Norse-Gael king of Dublin (approximate date)
- Gofraid mac Arailt, Norse-Gael king of the Isles (Hebrides)
- Kalokyros Delphinas, Byzantine general (or 988)
- Kiurike I, king of Tashir-Dzoraget (Armenia)
- Pan, Chinese princess and wife of Zhen Zong (b. 968)
- Sharaf al-Dawla, Buyid emir of Kerman and Fars (b. 960)
Referencias
- ^ Reuter, Timothy (1999). The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume III, p. 254. ISBN 978-0-521-36447-8.
- ^ James Hastings (2003). Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics - Part 24, p. 847 (Kessinger Publishing).
- ^ Reuter, Timothy (1999). The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume III, p. 255. ISBN 978-0-521-36447-8.
- ^ "Islamic Culture and the Medical Arts_Hospitals". Retrieved 8 November 2011.
- ^ Reuter, Timothy (1999). The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume III, p. 256. ISBN 978-0-521-36447-8.
- ^ Eleanor Shipley Duckett, Death and life in the Tenth Century, (University of Michigan Press, 1967), p. 110.
- ^ Reuter, Timothy (1999). The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume III, p. 256. ISBN 978-0-521-36447-8.
- ^ Boissonade, B. (1934). "Les premières croisades françaises en Espagne. Normands, Gascons, Aquitains et Bourguignons (1018-1032)". Bulletin Hispanique. 36 (1): 5–28. doi:10.3406/hispa.1934.2607.
- ^ "Lady Wulfruna c. 935-1005, Founder of the City". Wolverhampton City Council. Archived from the original on April 23, 2013. Retrieved 27 March 2013.
- ^ Zlatarski, History of the Bulgarian state, v. I, ch. 2, pp. 674–675.
- ^ Raffaele D'Amato (2010). Osprey: MAA - 459: The Varangian Guard 988–1453, p. 6. ISBN 978-1-84908-179-5.
- ^ Picard, Christophe (2000). Le Portugal musulman (VIIIe-XIIIe siècle). L'Occident d'al-Andalus sous domination islamique. Paris: Maisonneuve & Larose. p. 109. ISBN 2-7068-1398-9.
- ^ Robert Fawtier, The Capetian Kings of France, transl. Lionel Butler and R.J. Adam, (Macmillan, 1989), p.48.
- ^ France, John (1991). "The occasion of the coming of the Normans to southern Italy". Journal of Medieval History. 17 (1): 183–203. doi:10.1016/0304-4181(91)90033-H.
- ^ Gilbert Meynier (2010). L'Algérie cœur du Maghreb classique. De l'ouverture islamo-arabe au repli (658-1518). Paris: La Découverte; p. 45.
- ^ "Odense Bys Historie" (in Danish). Odense Bys Museer. Retrieved 27 June 2014.
- ^ Reuter, Timothy (1999). The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume III, p. 390. ISBN 978-0-521-36447-8.
- ^ Maranci, Christina (September 2003). "The Architect Trdat: Building Practices and Cross-Cultural Exchange in Byzantium and Armenia". Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians. 62 (3): 294–305. JSTOR 3592516.
- ^ "Theodora - Byzantine empress [981-1056]". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 17 April 2018.