| Joseph R. Knowland | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Miembro de la Cámara de Representantes de Estados Unidos de California | |
| En el cargo desde el 8 de noviembre de 1904 hasta el 3 de marzo de 1915 | |
| Precedido por | Víctor H. Metcalf |
| Sucesor | John A. Elston |
| Distrito electoral | 3er distrito (1904–13) 6º distrito (1913–15) |
| Detalles personales | |
| Nació | 5 de agosto de 1873 Alameda, California , EE. UU. |
| Fallecido | 1 de febrero de 1966 (92 años) Piedmont, California , EE. UU. |
| Lugar de descanso | Capilla de los recuerdos, Oakland, California |
| Partido político | Republicano |
| Esposos) | Elinor J. Fife (1894-1908) Emelyn S. West (1909-1950) Clarice E. Cook (1952-1966) |
| Niños | 3, incluido William F. Knowland |
| alma mater | Universidad del Pacifico |
| Ocupación | Editorial de periódicos |
Joseph Russell Knowland (5 de agosto de 1873 - 1 de febrero de 1966) fue un político y editor de periódicos estadounidense. Se desempeñó como miembro de la Cámara de Representantes de los Estados Unidos de California y fue propietario, editor y editor del Oakland Tribune . Fue el padre del senador estadounidense William F. Knowland .
Vida temprana [ editar ]
Knowland nació en Alameda, California el 5 de agosto de 1873, hijo de Joseph Knowland (1833-1912) y Hannah Bailey Russell (1832-1921). [1] Entre sus hermanos había dos hermanas, Sadie (1864-1905) y Lucille (1870-1926), y un hermano, Hollis, que murió en la infancia. Knowland asistió a la escuela primaria Alameda Park Street ya la Academia Hopkins, y se graduó de la Universidad del Pacífico en 1895. [2] [3]
Inicio de carrera [ editar ]
Después de la universidad, Knowland se unió al negocio mayorista de madera y envío de su padre. [2] Su carrera comercial resultó exitosa, y las empresas en las que participó Knowland incluyeron: Gardiner Mill Company (presidente); Kennedy Mine & Milling Company (director); Banco Nacional Alameda (director); y Union Savings Bank of Oakland (director). [4]
También participó activamente en varias organizaciones fraternales y cívicas, entre las que se incluyen los masones , Shriners , Elks , Modern Woodmen of America , Native Sons of the Golden West y la Liga de Monumentos de California. [5] Las membresías de Knowland también incluyeron el Consejo de los Centennials de California, la Sociedad Histórica de California , la Cámara de Comercio de California , la Asociación de Automóviles del Estado de California , la Cámara de Comercio de Oakland, el Cofre Comunitario de Oakland , la Junta de Fideicomisarios de Mills College , el Salón Nacional del Caballo de Oakland y el Club Atlético de Atenas . [3]
Carrera política [ editar ]
Asamblea de California [ editar ]
Knowland se unió al Club de Buen Gobierno de Alameda a principios de 1895. En 1896, fue nombrado miembro de la Junta de Fideicomisarios de la Biblioteca de Alameda. En 1898, fue un exitoso candidato republicano a la Asamblea del Estado de California . [2] Fue reelegido en 1900 y sirvió desde 1899 hasta 1903. [2] Durante su carrera en la Asamblea, Knowland presidió el comité de la Asamblea que investigó la corrupción en la policía de San Francisco. [2] Sus esfuerzos dieron como resultado la aprobación de una ley que prohíbe la trata de personas de mujeres chinas. [2]
Senado de California [ editar ]
En 1902, Knowland fue elegido para el Senado del Estado de California . [2] Sirvió hasta renunciar para ocupar el escaño en la Cámara de Representantes de los Estados Unidos a la que había sido elegido en 1904. [2] Durante el mandato de Knowland en el Senado, fue presidente del comité de banca del organismo. [2]
Miembro del Congreso [ editar ]
En 1904, Knowland fue elegido al Congreso en una elección especial, llenando la vacante causada por la renuncia de Victor H. Metcalf . [2] Fue reelegido para cinco mandatos completos y sirvió desde el 24 de septiembre de 1904 hasta el 3 de marzo de 1915. Su distrito incluía el Arsenal de Benicia del Ejército de EE. UU . Y el Astillero Naval de EE. UU. En Mare Island , por lo que Knowland tenía un gran interés en el militar. [6] Como congresista, trabajó para obtener la aprobación para la construcción de buques capitales de la Armada en California y para una flota de dos océanos. [6] Además, Knowland abogó por que los barcos estadounidenses usaran el Canal de Panamá sin cargo. [6]
Knowland buscó suceder a George C. Perkins en el Senado de los Estados Unidos. En 1914, ganó las primarias republicanas sobre Samuel M. Shortridge . Sin embargo, no tuvo éxito en las elecciones generales, una carrera a tres bandas con Francis J. Heney del Partido Progresista y el ganador, James D. Phelan , Demócrata .
El Oakland Tribune [ editar ]
Knowland se convirtió en propietario, editor, presidente y editor de The Oakland Tribune el 3 de noviembre de 1915. Escribió: "Se entiende perfectamente que lo que hace [el Tribune ], en lugar de lo que promete, determinará la verdadera medida de su valor; y con este entendimiento, la Tribuna , bajo su nuevo control, se ciñe a su trabajo ". Pasaron muchos años y batallas judiciales con Hermina Peralta Dargie (viuda del propietario William E. Dargie ) antes de que Knowland tuviera el control total del Tribune . Knowland construyó la Tribune Tower , un hito de la ciudad en las calles 13 y Franklin. Tenía un gran interés en restaurar las Misiones de California.. This had begun in 1903, with Mission San Antonio De Padua. He was a historical advisor during the 1927 California State Park Survey.
In 1932, Knowland went to Washington and persuaded President Herbert Hoover and the Reconstruction Finance Corporation to advance $62 million for the completion of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge. He created, with Bruno Albert Forsterer and Joseph Blum, the Franklin Investment Company in 1936 (later the Franklin Credit Union). In 1937, he attained the status of 33rd Degree Mason, Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite. Knowland was a member of the Finance Committee of the Golden Gate International Exposition of 1939-1940. In 1941, he authored California: A Landmark History. He was the political mentor of Earl Warren; from assistant Oakland City Attorney to Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court.
Knowland served on the California State Park Commission from 1934 to 1960 and was chairman from 1938 to 1960. He was appointed by Governor Earl Warren as chairman of the California Centennial Commission from 1948 to 1950. Knowland was honored on September 9, 1951 by the City of Oakland and the State of California, with Joseph Knowland State Arboretum and Park in Oakland. He served as chairman of the Oakland Centennial in 1952, and the Alameda County Centennial in 1953.
Knowland was proud of the political career of his son, United States Senator William F. Knowland from 1945 to 1959, who served as Senate Majority Leader from 1953 to 1955 and Senate Minority Leader from 1955 to 1959. The only mistake that he felt that his son made was his 1958 run and defeat for Governor of California.
He attended his first Republican National Convention in 1904. He attended the GOP conventions as a delegate or newspaperman until 1964. Oakland became a one-newspaper city on September 1, 1950, when William Randolph Hearst closed his Oakland Post-Enquirer. The Oakland Tribune's radio station KLX began operation in 1921 and would be on the air until its sale in 1959.
Personal life[edit]
Knowland met Elinor (Ellie) J. Fife (1873–1908) of Tacoma, Washington while they were students at University of the Pacific. Ellie was the daughter of Tacoma businessman W. H. Fife. Knowland and Ellie were married on April 2, 1894 in Tacoma. Three children were born to this union: Elinor Knowland Lion (1895–1978); Joseph Russell "Russ" Knowland, Jr. (1901–1961); and US Senator William F. Knowland (1908–1974). Shortly after the birth of William F. Knowland, Ellie Knowland died.
Knowland, a young widower with children, met Emelyn S. West (1884–1950) of West Lynne, Virginia. On September 28, 1909 they were wed in Chicago, Illinois. Emelyn Knowland was a loving stepmother and active in her husband's social and political life. Emelyn died July 14, 1950, during the California Centennial. Knowland's third wife, Clarice E. "Cookie" Cook (1902–1979), was an officer of the Native Daughters of the Golden West. Knowland and Cook were married on April 6, 1952 in Stockton, California. A shared interest in California history made a happy marriage for Knowland's twilight years. Knowland remained active in his old age and came each day to the Tribune.
Death[edit]
On February 1, 1966, Joseph Russell Knowland died at 4:25 p.m. in his 25 Seaview Avenue residence in Piedmont. His wife Clarice with granddaughters, Emelyn K. Jewett and Josephine L. Church, were at his bedside.
On February 2, 1966, the Tribune's headline was "Joseph R. Knowland Dead". Joseph R. Knowland was praised by Republicans and Democrats. California Governor Edmund G. Pat Brown said, "Knowland, strongly believed in California...the State he loved so well." The public funeral of J.R. Knowland was held at the First Methodist Church and the private family service at Mountain View Cemetery Chapel in Oakland. He was cremated at Mountain View Cemetery Crematory and is inurned with his third wife, Clarice, in Serenity Section, Tier N-4, Number 3 at the Chapel of Memories columbarium in Oakland, California.[7]
Fraternal organizations[edit]
- Native Sons of the Golden West
- Masons
- Shriners
- Knights Templar
- Ancient Arabic Order of Nobles of the Mystic Shrine
- Bohemian Club
- Pacific Union Club
- Benevolent & Protective Order of Elks—Oakland # 171
- Athens Athletic Club
- Athenian Nile Club
- California Historical Society
- Oakland and Alameda County Pioneers
- Claremont Country Club
- Associated Press
- California Press Association's Newspaper Hall of Fame
Board memberships[edit]
- American Trust Company
- Marchant Calculating Machine Company
- Oakland Title Insurance and Guaranty Company
- California State Automobile Association
- American Automobile Association
- Associated Press
- California State Park Commission
- California State Chamber of Commerce
References[edit]
- ^ Baker, Joseph Eugene (1914). Past and Present of Alameda County, California. 2. Chicago, IL: S. J. Clarke. p. 13 – via Google Books.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Baker, p. 13.
- ^ a b Uhlich, David (2007). "Biographical Information, Finding Aid to the Joseph R. Knowland Papers". Online Archive of California. Berkeley, CA: Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley. Retrieved May 1, 2021.
- ^ Baker, p. 14.
- ^ Baker, pp. 14-15.
- ^ a b c "Joseph R. Knowland, Oakland Tribune, 1873-1966". California Newspaper Hall of Fame. Sacramento, CA: California Press Foundation. Retrieved May 1, 2021.
- ^ Spencer, Thomas E. (1998). Where They're Buried. Baltimore, MD: Genealogical Publishing Company. p. 395. ISBN 978-0-8063-4823-0 – via Google Books.
Sources[edit]
- California Blue Book. Sacramento: State Printing Office, 1909.
- Gothberg, John A. "The Local Influence of Joseph R. Knowland's Oakland Tribune". Minneapolis Journalism Quarterly - 45, (Autumn 1968):487-95.
- Knowland, Joseph R. California: A Landmark History. Oakland: Tribune Press, 1941.
- Wyatt, Daniel E. Joseph R. Knowland: The Political Years 1899-1915. San Francisco, D.Wyatt, 1982.
- Joseph R. Knowland Papers, Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.
External links[edit]
 | Wikimedia Commons has media related to Joseph R. Knowland. |
- United States Congress. "Joseph R. Knowland (id: K000291)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
- Knowland Family at Political Graveyard
- “Selections from Oakland Tribune Archives,” by Annalee Allen, Arcadia Publishing 2006
- Finding Aid to the Joseph R. Knowland Papers, 1857-1966, bulk 1905-1960, The Bancroft Library
- Join California Joseph R. Knowland
| California Assembly | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by James A. Waymire | Member of the California State Assembly from the 47th district January 2, 1899 - January 5, 1903 | Succeeded by J. Clem Bates, Jr. |
| California Senate | ||
| Preceded by E. K. Taylor | Member of the California State Senate from the 14th district 1903–1904 | Succeeded by M. W. Simpson |
| U.S. House of Representatives | ||
| Preceded by Victor H. Metcalf | Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from California's 3rd congressional district 1904–1913 | Succeeded by Charles F. Curry |
| Preceded by James C. Needham | Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from California's 6th congressional district 1913–1915 | Succeeded by John A. Elston |
| Party political offices | ||
| First after direct election of Senators was adopted in 1913 | Republican nominee for U.S. Senator from California (Class 3) 1914 | Succeeded by Samuel M. Shortridge |
