Coordenadas : 33 ° 53′48.39 ″ N 35 ° 30′13.69 ″ E / 33.8967750 ° N 35.5038028 ° E
El Parlamento del Líbano ( árabe : مجلس النواب Majlis-un Nuwwab ; Francés : Chambre des députés ) [1] es el nacional, el parlamento de Líbano . Hay 128 miembros elegidos para un mandato de cuatro años en distritos electorales de varios miembros , distribuidos entre las diversas denominaciones cristianas y musulmanas del Líbano, pero con la mitad de los escaños reservados para cristianos según el artículo 24 de la Constitución [2] [ referencia circular ] . Líbano tiene sufragio universal de adultos. Sus principales funciones son elegir al presidente de la república, aprobar el gobierno (aunque sea designado por el presidente, el primer ministro , junto con el gabinete, debe conservar la confianza de una mayoría en el parlamento) y aprobar leyes y gastos. .
Parlamento libanés مجلس النواب اللبناني Chambre des députés | |
---|---|
Tipo | |
Tipo | |
Liderazgo | |
Altavoz | |
Portavoz adjunto | |
Estructura | |
Asientos | 128 |
Grupos politicos | Gobierno (66)
|
Elecciones | |
Ultima eleccion | 6 de mayo de 2018 |
Próximas elecciones | 2022 |
Punto de reunión | |
Parlamento libanés, Beirut , Líbano | |
Sitio web | |
lp.gov.lb |
El 15 de mayo de 2013, el Parlamento prorrogó su mandato por 17 meses debido al estancamiento de la ley electoral. Y, el 5 de noviembre de 2014, el Parlamento promulgó otra prórroga, manteniendo así su mandato por 31 meses adicionales, hasta el 20 de junio de 2017, [3] y el 16 de junio de 2017 el Parlamento a su vez extendió su propio mandato 11 meses adicionales para mantener elecciones de acuerdo con una ley electoral reformada muy esperada. El 6 de mayo de 2018, se eligió un nuevo parlamento en las elecciones generales de 2018 , poniendo fin al mandato del parlamento de 2009 que lo extendió por unos 5 años.
edificio del Parlamento
El edificio del Parlamento fue diseñado por Mardiros Altounian , quien también fue el arquitecto de la torre del reloj Étoile. El edificio se completó en 1934 durante el período del Mandato francés . Aconsejado a construir en el espíritu de la tradición libanesa , el arquitecto visitó los palacios de los emires en las montañas de Chouf . También se inspiró en los estilos orientales desarrollados en París , Estambul y El Cairo a principios del siglo XX. El edificio combina el diseño Beaux-Arts con elementos tomados de la tradición arquitectónica local, incluidas ventanas de doble y triple arco. La fachada de piedra caliza, decorada con paneles empotrados, aberturas arqueadas y hileras de estalactitas reviste un marco de hormigón armado que también soporta la cúpula de 20 metros (66 pies) de diámetro que cubre la cámara de diputados. Representó un gran logro técnico en ese momento.
Asignación de plazas
Una característica única del sistema libanés es el principio de "distribución confesional": cada comunidad religiosa tiene un número asignado de diputados en el Parlamento.
En las elecciones celebradas entre 1932 y 1972 (las últimas hasta después de la Guerra Civil Libanesa ), los escaños se repartieron entre cristianos y musulmanes en una proporción de 6: 5, con varias denominaciones de las dos religiones asignadas una representación aproximadamente proporcional a su tamaño. En la década de 1960, los musulmanes estaban abiertamente insatisfechos con este sistema, conscientes de que su propia tasa de natalidad más alta y la tasa de emigración más alta entre los cristianos habían producido en ese momento casi con certeza una mayoría musulmana, que la distribución parlamentaria no reflejaba. Sin embargo, los políticos cristianos no estaban dispuestos a abolir o alterar el sistema, y fue uno de los factores de la guerra civil de 1975-1990. El Acuerdo de Taif de 1989, que puso fin a la guerra civil, redistribuyó el Parlamento para proporcionar una representación equitativa de cristianos y musulmanes, y cada uno eligió 64 de los 128 diputados. De los cuales son 43 católicos (33,5%), 27 sunitas (21%), 27 chiítas (21%), 20 ortodoxos (15,6%), 8 drusos (6,2%), 2 alauitas (1,5%) y 1 evangélico (0,8%) ).
Aunque distribuidos confesionalmente, todos los miembros, independientemente de su fe religiosa, son elegidos por sufragio universal, lo que obliga a los políticos a buscar apoyo fuera de sus propias comunidades religiosas, a menos que sus correligionarios dominen abrumadoramente su circunscripción particular.
Los cambios estipulados por el Acuerdo de Taif se detallan en la siguiente tabla:
Confesión | Antes de Taif | Después de Taif |
---|---|---|
Católico maronita | 30 | 34 |
ortodoxo oriental | 11 | 14 |
Católico melquita | 6 | 8 |
Ortodoxo armenio | 4 | 5 |
Católico armenio | 1 | 1 |
protestante | 1 | 1 |
Otras minorías cristianas | 1 | 1 |
Total de cristianos | 54 | 64 |
Sunita | 20 | 27 |
Chiíta | 19 | 27 |
Alauí | 0 | 2 |
Druso | 6 | 8 |
Total de musulmanes + drusos | 45 | 64 |
Total | 99 | 128 |
Asignación de escaños en las elecciones de 2009 para el Parlamento del Líbano según el Acuerdo de Doha | Total | Maronitas | Shi'a | Sunita | ortodoxo griego | Druso | armenio | Católico griego | Alauí | protestante | Minorías | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Beirut 19 | Beirut 1 | 5 | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | 2 | 1 | - | - | - |
Beirut 2 | 4 | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | 2 | - | - | - | - | |
Beirut 3 | 10 | - | 1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | |
Bekaa 23 | Bekaa + Hermel | 10 | 1 | 6 | 2 | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
Zahlah | 7 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 2 | - | - | - | |
Rashaya + West Bekaa | 6 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | |
Monte Líbano 35 | Jbeil | 3 | 2 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Kisrawan | 5 | 5 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
North Metn | 8 | 4 | - | - | 2 | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | |
Baabda | 6 | 3 | 2 | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | |
Aley | 5 | 2 | - | - | 1 | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | |
Chouf | 8 | 3 | - | 2 | - | 2 | - | 1 | - | - | - | |
Líbano Norte 28 | Akkar | 7 | 1 | - | 3 | 2 | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
Dinniyeh y Minieh | 3 | - | - | 3 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
Bsharreh | 2 | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
Trípoli | 8 | 1 | - | 5 | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | |
Zgharta | 3 | 3 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
Kurah | 3 | - | - | - | 3 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
Batrun | 2 | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
Sur del Líbano 23 | Saida | 2 | - | - | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Neumático | 4 | - | 4 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
Zahrani | 3 | - | 2 | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | |
Hasbaya y Marjeyoun | 5 | - | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | |
Nabatiyeh | 3 | - | 3 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
Bint Jbeil | 3 | - | 3 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
Jezzine | 3 | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | |
Total 128 | 128 | 34 | 27 | 27 | 14 | 8 | 6 | 8 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
Nombre | Área de elección | Bloque parlamentario | Afiliación política | Religión | Lista electoral | Votos | Bloc Votes | Election Area Votes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abdel Rahim Youssef Mrad | BEKAA 2 | Union Party | Sunni | Better Tomorrow | 15,111 | 32,578 | 68,227/143,812 | |
Adnan Khodor Traboulsi | BEIRUT 2 | Al-Ahbash | Sunni | Beirut’s Unity | 13,018 | 47,087 | 147,801/353,420 | |
Akram Hussein Sheyab | MOUNT LEBANON 4 | Democratic Gathering | Progressive Socialist Party | Druze | Reconciliation | 14,088 | 98,967 | 173,320/329,870 |
Talal Majid Arslan | MOUNT LEBANON 6 | Strong Lebanon | Lebanese Democratic Party | Druze | Mount Lebanon’s Guaranteed change | 9,887 | 59,027 | 173,320/329,881 |
Alain Aoun | MOUNT LEBANON 3 | Strong Lebanon | Free Patriotic Movement | Maronite | National Accord | 11,200 | 41,669 | 80,052/166,137 |
Albert Sami Mansour | BEKAA 3 | Social Nationalist Bloc | Syrian Social Nationalist Party | Greek Catholic | Hope and Loyalty | 5881 | 140,747 | 190,268/315,648 |
Alexandre Abraham Matossian | BEIRUT 1 | Strong Lebanon | Tashnag | Armenian Orthodox | Strong Beirut One | 2,376 | 21,373 | 44,714/134,736 |
Ali Adel Ossairan | SOUTH 2 | Development and Liberation | Amal Movement | Shia | Hope and Loyalty | 2,203 | 134,068 | 150,264/304,197 |
Ali Ahmad Bazz | SOUTH 3 | Development and Liberation | Amal Movement | Shia | Hope and Loyalty | 9,290 | 193,224 | 228,563/460,575 |
Ali Ahmad Darwish | NORTH 2 | Independent Centre Bloc | Azm Movement | Alawite | Determination | 2,246 | 42,019 | 151,759/350,151 |
Ali Fadel Ammar | MOUNT LEBANON 3 | Loyalty to the Resistance | Hezbollah | Shia | National Accord | 13,692 | 50,669 | 90,052/166,135 |
Ali Hassan Khalil | SOUTH 3 | Development and Liberation | Amal Movement | Shia | Hope and Loyalty | 16,765 | 193,224 | 228,563/460,573 |
Ali Mohamad Salman Bachir El Mokdad | BEKAA 3 | Loyalty to the Resistance | Hezbollah | Shia | Hope and Loyalty | 17,321 | 140,747 | 190,268/315,649 |
Ali Rachid Fayad | SOUTH 3 | Loyalty to the Resistance | Hezbollah | Shia | Hope and Loyalty | 27,460 | 193,224 | 228,563/460,569 |
Ali Youssef Khreiss | SOUTH 2 | Development and Liberation | Amal Movement | Shia | Hope and Loyalty | 15,672 | 134,068 | 150,264/304,193 |
Amin Mohammad Sharri | BEIRUT 2 | Loyalty to the Resistance | Hezbollah | Shia | Beirut’s Unity | 22,961 | 47,087 | 147,801/353,419 |
Anis Wadih Nassar | MOUNT LEBANON 4 | Strong Republic | Lebanese Forces | Greek Orthodox | Reconciliation | 7,872 | 98,967 | 198,320/329,876 |
Antoine Costantine Bano | BEIRUT 1 | Strong Lebanon | Free Patriotic Movement | Christian Minorities | Strong Beirut One | 539 | 21,373 | 44,714/134,736 |
Antoine El Badaoui Habchi | BEKAA 3 | Strong Republic | Lebanese Forces | Maronite | Dignity and Development | 14,858 | 35,607 | 190,268/315,651 |
Anwar Hussein Joumaa | BEKAA 1 | Loyalty to the Resistance | Hezbollah | Shia | Zahle Choice & Decision | 15,601 | 23,546 | 94,082/175,616 |
Anwar Mohamad El Khalil | SOUTH 3 | Development and Liberation | Amal Movement | Druze | Hope and Loyalty | 6,347 | 193,224 | 228,563/460,570 |
Assaad Halim Hardan | SOUTH 3 | Social Nationalist Bloc | Syrian Social Nationalist Party | Greek Orthodox | Hope and Loyalty | 3,321 | 193,224 | 228,563/460,574 |
Assad Ramez Dargham | NORTH 1 | Strong Lebanon | Free Patriotic Movement | Greek Orthodox | Strong Akkar | 16,435 | 34,430 | 146,947/283,795 |
Assem Fayez Araji | BEKAA 1 | Lebanon First | Future Movement | Sunni | Zahle for Everyone | 7,224 | 36,391 | 94,082/175,614 |
Ayoub Fahed Hmayid | SOUTH 3 | Development and Liberation | Amal Movement | Shia | Hope and Loyalty | 7,875 | 193,224 | 228,563/460,568 |
Bahia Bahaa El din El Hariri | SOUTH 1 | Lebanon First | Future Movement | Sunni | Integrity and Dignity | 13,739 | 16,470 | 67,346/122,528 |
Baker Mahmoud El Houjairi | BEKAA 3 | Lebanon First | Future Movement | Sunni | Dignity and Development | 5,994 | 35,607 | 190,268/315,652 |
Bilal Ahmad Abdallah | MOUNT LEBANON 4 | Democratic Gathering | Progressive Socialist Party | Sunni | Reconciliation | 8,492 | 98,967 | 173,320/329,873 |
Cesar Naim Risk El Maalouf | BEKAA 1 | Strong Republic | Independent | Greek Orthodox | Zahle Our Cause | 3,554 | 18,702 | 94,082/175,619 |
Cezar Raymond Abi Khalil | MOUNT LEBANON 4 | Strong Lebanon | Free Patriotic Movement | Maronite | Mount Lebanon’s Guaranteed change | 9,124 | 59,027 | 193,320/329,879 |
Dima Mohamad Rachid El Jamali | NORTH 2 | Lebanon First | Future Movement | Sunni | The Future is for the North | 2,066 | 51,937 | 151,759/350,148 |
Eddy Bokhos Demerjian | BEKAA 1 | Independent | Armenian Orthodox | Zahle Choice & Decision | 77 | 23,546 | 94,082/175,617 | |
Edgard Boulos Maalouf | MOUNT LEBANON 2 | Strong Lebanon | Free Patriotic Movement | Greek Catholic | Strong Metn | 8,961 | 59,897 | 99,446/169,922 |
Edgard Joseph Traboulsi | BEIRUT 2 | Strong Lebanon | Free Patriotic Movement | Protestant | Beirut’s Unity | 10,919 | 47,087 | 147,801/353,422 |
Elias Nicolas Bou Saab | MOUNT LEBANON 2 | Strong Lebanon | Free Patriotic Movement | Greek Orthodox | Strong Metn | 9,999 | 59,897 | 99,446/179,919 |
Resigned on 8/8/2020[4] | ||||||||
Elie Nagib Ferzli | BEKAA 2 | Expelled from Strong Lebanon bloc on 21/4/2021[5] | Independent | Greek Orthodox | Better Tomorrow | 6,899 | 32,578 | 68,227/143,814 |
Estephan Boutros El Doueihy | NORTH 3 | National Coalition | Marada | Maronite | Together for North and Lebanon | 5,435 | 40,788 | 117,811/249,416 |
Fadi Fakhri Alameh | MOUNT LEBANON 3 | Development and Liberation | Amal Movement | Shia | National Accord | 6,348 | 40,669 | 80,052/166,138 |
Fadi Youssef Saad | NORTH 3 | Strong Republic | Lebanese Forces | Maronite | Strong Republic Pulse | 9,842 | 37,376 | 117,811/249,416 |
Faisal Afif Al Sayegh | BEIRUT 2 | Democratic Gathering | Progressive Socialist Party | Druze | Future for Beirut | 1,902 | 62,970 | 147,801/353,417 |
Farid Georges Philip Al Boustani | MOUNT LEBANON 5 | Strong Lebanon | Free Patriotic Movement | Maronite | Mount Lebanon’s Guaranteed change | 9,657 | 51,027 | 173,320/329,880 |
Farid Haykal Al Khazen | MOUNT LEBANON 1 | National Coalition | Independent | Maronite | Decision is Ours | 9,081 | 18,553 | 117,603/176,716 |
Fayez Michel Ghosn | NORTH 3 | National Coalition | Marada | Greek Orthodox | Together for North and Lebanon | 4,224 | 40,788 | 117,811/249,416 |
Faysal Omar Karami | NORTH 2 | National Coalition | Arab Liberation Party | Sunni | National Dignity | 7,126 | 29,101 | 151,759/350,154 |
Fouad Moustapha Makhzoumi | BEIRUT 2 | National Dialogue Party | Sunni | Lebanon is Worthy | 11,346 | 15,773 | 147,801/353,423 | |
Gebran Gergi Bassil | NORTH 3 | Strong Lebanon | Free Patriotic Movement | Maronite | Strong North | 16,269 | 38,342 | 148,811/249,416 |
Georges Elie Okais | BEKAA 1 | Strong Republic | Lebanese Forces | Greek Catholic | Zahle Our Cause | 11,363 | 18,702 | 94,082/175,618 |
Georges Jamil Adwan | MOUNT LEBANON 4 | Strong Republic | Lebanese Forces | Maronite | Reconciliation | 9,956 | 98,967 | 173,320/329,871 |
Georges Naim Atallah | NORTH 3 | Strong Lebanon | Free Patriotic Movement | Greek Orthodox | Strong North | 7,383 | 38,342 | 148,811/249,416 |
Ghazy Mohamad Zeatir | BEKAA 3 | Development and Liberation | Amal Movement | Shia | Hope and Loyalty | 17,767 | 140,747 | 190,268/315,647 |
Hadi Fawzi Hobeich | NORTH 1 | Lebanon First | Future Movement | Maronite | Future for Akkar | 13,055 | 76,452 | 136,947/283,794 |
Hadi Mohammad Rafik Aboul Hosn | MOUNT LEBANON 3 | Democratic Gathering | Progressive Socialist Party | Druze | Baabda Unity & Development | 11,844 | 26,500 | 80,052/166,140 |
Hagop Mardrios Hambarsom Terezian | BEIRUT 1 | Strong Lebanon | Tashnag | Armenian Orthodox | Strong Beirut One | 3,451 | 21,373 | 44,714/134,736 |
Hagop Ohanes Hagop Bakradonian | MOUNT LEBANON 2 | Strong Lebanon | Tashnag | Armenian Orthodox | Strong Metn | 7,182 | 38,897 | 92,446/179,920 |
Hani Hassan Kobaisi | SOUTH 3 | Development and Liberation | Amal Movement | Shia | Hope and Loyalty | 20,504 | 193,224 | 228,563/460,571 |
Hassan Nizamddine Fadlallah | SOUTH 3 | Loyalty to the Resistance | Hezbollah | Shia | Hope and Loyalty | 39,722 | 193,224 | 228,563/460,567 |
Resigned on 8/8/2020[6] | MOUNT LEBANON 4 | Democratic Gathering | Progressive Socialist Party | Maronite | Reconciliation | 7,894 | 98,967 | 173,320/329,875 |
Henry Youssef Chedid | BEKAA 2 | Lebanon First | Independent | Maronite | Future for W. Bekaa and Rashaya | 1,584 | 31,817 | 68,227/143,816 |
Hikmat Faraj Dib | MOUNT LEBANON 3 | Strong Lebanon | Free Patriotic Movement | Maronite | National Accord | 7,928 | 41,669 | 91,052/166,136 |
Hussein Ali El Hajj Hassan | BEKAA 3 | Loyalty to the Resistance | Hezbollah | Shia | Hope and Loyalty | 15,662 | 140,747 | 190,268/315,644 |
Hussein Said Jechi | SOUTH 2 | Loyalty to the Resistance | Hezbollah | Shia | Hope and Loyalty | 23,864 | 134,068 | 150,264/304,196 |
Ibrahim Ali El Mousawi | BEKAA 3 | Loyalty to the Resistance | Hezbollah | Shia | Hope and Loyalty | 16,942 | 140,747 | 190,268/315,650 |
Ibrahim Samir Azar | SOUTH 1 | Development and Liberation | Independent | Maronite | For Everyone | 11,663 | 22,083 | 67,346/122,524 |
Ibrahim Youssef Kenaan | MOUNT LEBANON 2 | Strong Lebanon | Free Patriotic Movement | Maronite | Strong Metn | 11,179 | 59,897 | 92,446/179,921 |
Ihab Arwa Hmade | BEKAA 3 | Loyalty to the Resistance | Hezbollah | Shia | Hope and Loyalty | 18,404 | 140,747 | 190,268/315,645 |
Imad Naim Wakim | BEIRUT 1 | Strong Republic | Lebanese Forces | Greek Orthodox | Beirut One | 3,936 | 16,772 | 44,714/134,743 |
Inaya Mohamad Eizzidine | SOUTH 2 | Development and Liberation | Amal Movement | Shia | Hope and Loyalty | 18,815 | 134,068 | 150,264/304,198 |
Jamil Mohamad Amin Amin El Sayed | BEKAA 3 | Independent | Shia | Hope and Loyalty | 33,223 | 140,747 | 190,268/315,643 | |
Jean Arshak Talozian | BEIRUT 1 | Strong Republic | Lebanese Forces | Armenian Catholic | Beirut One | 4,166 | 16,772 | 44,714/134,736 |
Died on 8/2/2021[7] | NORTH 2 | Independent Centre Bloc | Independent | Maronite | Determination | 1,136 | 42,019 | 151,759/350,152 |
Jihad Mourched El Samad | NORTH 2 | National Coalition | Independent | Sunni | National Dignity | 11,897 | 29,101 | 151,759/350,153 |
Joseph Gerges Ishak | NORTH 3 | Strong Republic | Lebanese Forces | Maronite | Strong Republic Pulse | 5,990 | 37,376 | 117,811/249,416 |
Kassem Omar Hachem | SOUTH 3 | Development and Liberation | Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Lebanon Region | Sunni | Hope and Loyalty | 6,012 | 193,224 | 228,563/460,572 |
Majed Eddy Faek Abi Lamaa | MOUNT LEBANON 2 | Strong Republic | Lebanese Forces | Maronite | Metn Heart of Lebanon | 8,922 | 13,138 | 92,446/179,926 |
Mario Aziz Aoun | MOUNT LEBANON 7 | Strong Lebanon | Free Patriotic Movement | Maronite | Mount Lebanon’s Guaranteed change | 10,124 | 49,027 | 189,320/329,882 |
Resigned on 5/8/2020[8] | ||||||||
Died on 31/1/2021[9] | MOUNT LEBANON 2 | Independent | Greek Orthodox | Metn Loyalty | 11,945 | 13,779 | 99,446/179,925 | |
Michel Georges Daher | BEKAA 1 | (Withdrew from Strong Lebanon Bloc) | Independent | Greek Catholic | Zahle for Everyone | 9,742 | 36,391 | 94,082/175,613 |
Michel Hanna Moussa | SOUTH 2 | Development and Liberation | Amal Movement | Greek Catholic | Hope and Loyalty | 4,162 | 134,068 | 150,264/304,195 |
Resigned on 9/8/2020 | ( | Independence Movement | Maronite | Strong North | 8,571 | 33,342 | 117,811/249,416 | |
Mohamad Dib Nasrallah | BEKAA 2 | Development and Liberation | Amal Movement | Shia | Better Tomorrow | 8,897 | 32,578 | 68,227/143,813 |
Mohamad Hassan Raad | SOUTH 3 | Loyalty to the Resistance | Hezbollah | Shia | Hope and Loyalty | 43,797 | 193,224 | 228,563/460,565 |
Mohamad Kassem El Karaaoui | BEKAA 2 | Lebanon First | Future Movement | Sunni | Future for W. Bekaa and Rashaya | 8,768 | 31,817 | 68,227/143,817 |
Mohamad Nagib Azmi Mikati | NORTH 2 | Independent Centre Bloc | Azm Movement | Sunni | Determination | 21,300 | 42,019 | 151,759/350,149 |
Mohamad Tarek Talal El Merehbi | NORTH 1 | Lebanon First | Future Movement | Sunni | Future for Akkar | 14,145 | 76,452 | 136,947/283,793 |
Mohamd Abdel Latif Kabbara | NORTH 2 | Lebanon First | Future Movement | Sunni | The Future is for the North | 9,600 | 51,937 | 151,759/350,145 |
Mohamd Moustafa Sleiman | NORTH 1 | Lebanon First | Future Movement | Sunni | Future for Akkar | 14,911 | 76,452 | 136,947/283,792 |
Mohammad Kassem Rachid Al Hajjar | MOUNT LEBANON 4 | Lebanon First | Future Movement | Sunni | Reconciliation | 10,003 | 98,967 | 173,320/329,874 |
Mohammad Moutapha Khawaja | BEIRUT 2 | Development and Liberation | Amal Movement | Shia | Beirut’s Unity | 7,834 | 47,087 | 147,801/353,421 |
Moustafa Ali Hussein | NORTH 1 | Strong Lebanon | Independent | Alawite | Strong Akkar | 1,353 | 34,430 | 136,947/283,796 |
Moustapha Ali Al Hussein | MOUNT LEBANON 1 | National Coalition | Independent | Shia | Decision is Ours | 256 | 18,553 | 117,603/176,717 |
Nabih Moustafa Berri | SOUTH 2 | Development and Liberation | Amal Movement | Shia | Hope and Loyalty | 42,137 | 134,068 | 150,264/304,192 |
Resigned on 8/8/2020[4] | ||||||||
Nazih Nicolas Najem | BEIRUT 2 | Lebanon First | Future Movement | Greek Orthodox | Future for Beirut | 2,351 | 62,970 | 147,801/353,415 |
Resigned on 8/9/2020[10] | MOUNT LEBANON 1 | Strong Lebanon until 25 October 2019, then independent | Independent | Maronite | Strong Lebanon | 10,717 | 54,544 | 117,603/176,710 |
Nehme Youssef Tohme | MOUNT LEBANON 4 | Democratic Gathering | Progressive Socialist Party | Greek Catholic | Reconciliation | 7,253 | 98,967 | 173,320/329,878 |
Nicolas Kamil Nahas | NORTH 2 | Independent Centre Bloc | Azm Movement | Greek Orthodox | Determination | 1,057 | 42,019 | 151,759/350,150 |
Nicolas Maurice Sehnaoui | BEIRUT 1 | Strong Lebanon | Free Patriotic Movement | Greek Catholic | Strong Beirut One | 4,788 | 21,373 | 44,714/134,736 |
Hassan Ezzeddine[11] | SOUTH 2 | Loyalty to the Resistance | Hezbollah | Shia | Hope and Loyalty | |||
Resigned on 7/18/2019[12] | Loyalty to the Resistance | |||||||
Nouhad Saleh Al Mashnouk | BEIRUT 2 | Lebanon First | Future Movement | Sunni | Future for Beirut | 6,411 | 62,970 | 147,801/353,418 |
Osman Mohamad Alameddine | NORTH 2 | Lebanon First | Future Movement | Sunni | The Future is for the North | 10,221 | 51,937 | 151,759/350,144 |
Oussama Maarouf Saad El Masri | SOUTH 1 | Popular Nasserite Organization | Sunni | For Everyone | 9,880 | 22,083 | 67,346/122,525 | |
Paulette Sirakan Yacobian Resigned on 8/8/2020[4] | ||||||||
Pierre Rachid Bou Assi | MOUNT LEBANON 3 | Strong Republic | Lebanese Forces | Maronite | Baabda Unity & Development | 11,498 | 26,500 | 90,052/166,139 |
Roger Gergi Azar | MOUNT LEBANON 1 | Strong Lebanon | Free Patriotic Movement | Maronite | Strong Lebanon | 14,793 | 89,544 | 137,603/176,711 |
Roula Nizar El Tabesh | BEIRUT 2 | Lebanon First | Future Movement | Sunni | Future for Beirut | 6,637 | 62,970 | 147,801/353,416 |
Saad Eddine Rafik Al Hariri | BEIRUT 2 | Lebanon First | Future Movement | Sunni | Future for Beirut | 20,751 | 62,970 | 147,801/353,413 |
Salim Abdallah Saade | NORTH 3 | Social Nationalist Bloc | Syrian Social Nationalist Party | Greek Orthodox | Together for North and Lebanon | 5,263 | 40,788 | 117,811/249,416 |
Salim Georges Aoun | BEKAA 1 | Strong Lebanon | Free Patriotic Movement | Maronite | Zahle for Everyone | 8,567 | 36,391 | 98,082/175,615 |
Sami Ahmad Chaouki Fatfat | NORTH 2 | Lebanon First | Future Movement | Sunni | The Future is for the North | 7,943 | 51,937 | 151,759/350,147 |
Resigned on 8/8/2020[4] | ||||||||
Samir Adnan El Jisr | NORTH 2 | Lebanon First | Future Movement | Sunni | The Future is for the North | 9,527 | 51,937 | 151,759/350,146 |
Selim Antoine Khoury | SOUTH 1 | Strong Lebanon | Free Patriotic Movement | Greek Catholic | Saida & Jezzine Together | 7,708 | 35,127 | 69,846/122,527 |
Shamel Rachid Roukoz | MOUNT LEBANON 1 | Strong Lebanon until 25 October 2019, then independent | Independent | Maronite | Strong Lebanon | 7,300 | 79,544 | 127,603/176,713 |
Shawki Gergi Al Dakash | MOUNT LEBANON 1 | Strong Republic | Lebanese Forces | Maronite | Definite Change | 10,032 | 26,980 | 137,603/176,715 |
Simon Farid Abi Ramia | MOUNT LEBANON 1 | Strong Lebanon | Free Patriotic Movement | Maronite | Strong Lebanon | 20,729 | 79,544 | 137,603/176,712 |
Sitrida Elias Tawk | NORTH 3 | Strong Republic | Lebanese Forces | Maronite | Strong Republic Pulse | 6,677 | 37,376 | 127,811/249,416 |
Tamam Saeb Beik Salam | BEIRUT 2 | Lebanon First | Future Movement | Sunni | Future for Beirut | 9,599 | 62,970 | 147,801/353,414 |
Taymour Walid Joumblatt | MOUNT LEBANON 4 | Democratic Gathering | Progressive Socialist Party | Druze | Reconciliation | 11,478 | 98,967 | 173,320/329,872 |
Tony Sleiman Franjieh | NORTH 3 | National Coalition | Marada | Maronite | Together for North and Lebanon | 11,407 | 40,788 | 117,811/249,416 |
Wael Wehbe Abou Faour | BEKAA 2 | Democratic Gathering | Progressive Socialist Party | Druze | Future for W. Bekaa and Rashaya | 10,677 | 31,817 | 68,227/143,815 |
Walid Mohamad Souccarieh | BEKAA 3 | Loyalty to the Resistance | Hezbollah | Sunni | Hope and Loyalty | 6,916 | 140,747 | 190,268/315,646 |
Walid Wajih El Baarin | NORTH 1 | Lebanon First | Future Movement | Sunni | Future for Akkar | 20,426 | 76,452 | 136,947/283,790 |
Wehbe Khalil Khalil Katicha | NORTH 1 | Strong Republic | Lebanese Forces | Greek Orthodox | Future for Akkar | 7,911 | 76,452 | 136,947/283,791 |
Yassin Kamel Jaber | SOUTH 3 | Development and Liberation | Amal Movement | Shia | Hope and Loyalty | 7,920 | 193,224 | 228,563/460,566 |
Ziad Halim Al Hawwat | MOUNT LEBANON 1 | Strong Republic | Lebanese Forces | Maronite | Definite Change | 14,424 | 26,980 | 117,603/176,714 |
Ziad Michel Assouad | SOUTH 1 | Strong Lebanon | Free Patriotic Movement | Maronite | Saida & Jezzine Together | 10,270 | 35,127 | 69,346/122,526 |
Partidos politicos
Numerous political parties exist in Lebanon. Many parties are little more than ad hoc electoral lists, formed by negotiation among influential local figures representing the various confessional communities; these lists usually function only for the purpose of the election, and do not form identifiable groupings in the parliament subsequently. Other parties are personality-based, often comprising followers of a present or past political leader or warlord. Few parties are based, in practice, on any particular ideology, although in theory most claim to be.
No single party has ever won more than 12.5 percent of the total number of seats in the Parliament, and until 2005 no coalition ever won more than a third of the total. The general election held in 2005, however, resulted in a clear majority (72 seats out of 128) being won by the alliance led by Saad Hariri (son of murdered former Prime Minister Rafik Hariri); half of these were held by Hariri's own Future Movement.
Additionally, Hezbollah won 14 seats.[13]
Altavoz
The Speaker of the Parliament, who by custom must be a Shi'a Muslim, is now elected to a four-year term. Prior to the Taif Agreement, he was elected to a two-year term. He forms part of a "troika" together with the President (required to be a Maronite Christian) and the Prime Minister (a Sunni Muslim). The privileges of the Speaker are unusually powerful, relative to other democratic systems. The current speaker is the leader of the Amal Party, Nabih Berri.
Sistema electoral
The system of multi-member constituencies has been criticized over the years by many politicians,[who?] who claim that it is easy for the government to gerrymander the boundaries. The Baabda-Aley constituency, established for the 2000 election, is a case in point: the predominantly Druze area of Aley (in the east of Beirut) were combined, in a single constituency, with the predominantly Christian area of Baabda. The same thing happens in the South, meaning that although several seats within the constituency are allocated to Christians, they have to appeal to an electorate which is predominantly Muslim. Many opposition politicians, mostly Christians, have claimed that the constituency boundaries were extensively gerrymandered in the elections of 1992, 1996, 2000, 2005 and 2009.[citation needed] There have also been calls for the creation of a single, country-wide constituency.[citation needed]
Ver también
- Members of the 2009-2013 Lebanese Parliament
- Members of the 2005-2009 Lebanese Parliament
- Politics of Lebanon
- List of legislatures by country
- Lebanese Parliament Building
Referencias
- ^ Official website of government. 6 June 2015.
- ^ "ICL - Lebanon - Constitution". www.servat.unibe.ch. Retrieved 2019-07-23.
- ^ Lebanon's MPs extend own terms. Al-Monitor. Published: 10 November 2014.
- ^ a b c d "Les députés Kataëb et Paula Yacoubian annoncent leur démission". L'Orient-Le Jour (in French). 2020-08-08. Retrieved 2020-08-13.
- ^ Naharnet Newsdesk. "Report: Ferzli 'Outside' His Bloc, Criticizes Presidential Term". Naharnet.
- ^ Azar, Georgi. "Lebanon's government resigns amid mounting pressure". Annahar.
- ^ "MP Jean Obeid Dies after Covid Diagnosis". Naharnet.
- ^ "Démission du député Marwan Hamadé". L'Orient-Le Jour (in French). 2020-08-05. Retrieved 2020-08-13.
- ^ "MP Michel Murr passes away". MTV. Retrieved 31 January 2021.
- ^ "MP Neemat Frem announces his resignation". LBC.
- ^ ASSAF, Claude (2019-09-10). "A Tyr, le candidat du Hezbollah en voie d'être élu d'office - Claude ASSAF". L'Orient-Le Jour (in French). Retrieved 2019-12-19.
- ^ "Nawaf Moussaoui, député du Hezbollah, présente sa démission". L'Orient-Le Jour (in French). 2019-07-18. Retrieved 2019-12-19.
- ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20060927093727/http://www.cfr.org/publication/9155/
- Davie, May (1997) The History and Evolution of Public Spaces in Beirut Central District, Solidere, Beirut.
- Saliba, Robert (2004) Beirut City Center Recovery: The Foch-Allenby and Etoile Conservation Area, Steidel, Göttingen.
enlaces externos
- (in Arabic and French)Official website