Los destructores de la clase Town eran un grupo de 50 destructores de la Royal Navy y la Royal Canadian Navy que estaban en servicio durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial . Fueron transferidos de la Armada de los Estados Unidos a cambio de bases militares en las Indias Occidentales Británicas y Terranova , como se describe en el Acuerdo de Destructores por Bases entre Gran Bretaña y Estados Unidos, firmado el 2 de septiembre de 1940. Se les conocía como "cuatro flautistas". o "cuatro apiladores" porque tenían cuatro chimeneas ( embudos ). Las clases posteriores de destructores generalmente tenían uno o dos.
HMS Leamington | |
Resumen de la clase | |
---|---|
Nombre: | Clase de ciudad |
Constructores: | Varios |
Operadores: | |
Construido: | 1917-20 |
En comisión: | 1940-1947 (enfermera titulada) |
Terminado: | 50 |
Perdió: | 10 |
Retirado: | 40 desguazado |
Preservado: | 0 |
Características generales | |
Tipo: | Destructor : clases de USN Caldwell , Wickes y Clemson |
Desplazamiento: | 1.020 a 1.190 toneladas [1] |
Largo: | 314 pies 4,5 pulg (95,8 m) |
Haz: | 30 pies 11,25 pulg. (9,4 m) |
Borrador: | 9 pies 0 pulg (2,7 m) |
Propulsión: | |
Velocidad: | 30 a 35 nudos (56 a 65 km / h; 35 a 40 mph) [2] |
Complemento: | 146 oficiales y alistados |
Armamento: |
|
Algunos fueron a la Royal Canadian Navy desde el principio. Otros pasaron a la Marina Real de Noruega , la Marina Real de los Países Bajos y la Armada Soviética después de servir en la Marina Real. Aunque las armadas de la Commonwealth les dieron un conjunto de nombres que sugerían que eran una clase, en realidad procedían de tres clases de destructores: Caldwell , Wickes y Clemson . "Clase de ciudad" se refiere a la práctica del Almirantazgo de cambiar el nombre de estos barcos por ciudades comunes a los Estados Unidos y la Commonwealth británica. [3] Los barcos inicialmente comisionados en la Royal Canadian Navy, sin embargo, siguieron la práctica canadiense de dar a los destructores los nombres de los ríos canadienses. Los ríos seleccionados para la clase Ciudad estaban en la frontera entre Canadá y Estados Unidos, con la excepción del río Nueva Escocia que comparte el nombre de la ubicación de la Academia Naval de los Estados Unidos . [4]
Una de las ciudades alcanzó fama duradera: HMS Campbeltown (ex USS Buchanan ). En la incursión del Comando Operación Chariot , Campbeltown , equipado con una gran carga de demolición, embistió las puertas del muelle de Normandía en Saint-Nazaire , Francia . La carga detonó el 29 de marzo de 1942, rompiendo el dique seco y destruyendo Campbeltown , destruyendo así el único dique seco en la costa atlántica capaz de aceptar el acorazado alemán Tirpitz . Esta hazaña fue representado en el 1950 Trevor Howard película The Gift Horse , protagonizada por el HMS Leamington (ex USS Twiggs ) después de su regreso del servicio en Rusia.
Caracteristicas
Construido para el servicio durante la Primera Guerra Mundial , pero en su mayor parte se completó después del final de ese conflicto, los destructores al ras eran, en 1940, los destructores más antiguos de la Marina de los EE. UU., Y muchos habían sido suspendidos para el período de entreguerras. Aunque eran contemporáneos de los destructores británicos de clase V y W, sus tripulaciones no les agradaban mucho. Si bien las clases V y W establecieron un nuevo estándar para el diseño de destructores, los de cubierta empotrada ya eran obsoletos en comparación. [5] Estaban incómodos y mojados, trabajando mal en una vía marítima. Sus líneas de casco eran bastante estrechas y "destripadas como arenques", lo que les dio un giro brutal. A los oficiales tampoco les gustó la forma en que se manejaron, ya que habían sido construidos con hélices que giraban de la misma manera (los barcos de 2 tornillos normalmente tienen los ejes girando en direcciones opuestas, ya que la dirección de rotación tiene efectos en el timón y en todo el conjunto). buque al maniobrar, especialmente al acercarse al costado), por lo que estos eran tan incómodos de manejar como los barcos de un solo tornillo. Su radio de giro era enorme, tan grande como la mayoría de los acorazados de la Royal Navy , lo que los hacía difíciles de usar en una caza submarina que exigía maniobras ajustadas, agravadas por un mecanismo de dirección poco confiable de "cadena y engranaje" colocado en la cubierta principal. También tenían puentes completamente cerrados que causaban problemas con los reflejos en el vidrio por la noche. Un capitán de corbeta de la Marina Real Canadiense los describió como "el regalo más dudoso desde el Caballo de Troya". [6] Sin embargo, a pesar de sus desventajas, eran una adición bienvenida a las fuerzas que escoltaban convoyes en el Atlántico en un momento en que los submarinos , que operaban desde bases recién adquiridas en la costa atlántica de Francia, se estaban convirtiendo en una amenaza cada vez más seria para la navegación británica. También fueron vistos como una seriedad del compromiso de Estados Unidos de apoyar a Gran Bretaña contra el nazismo. [7]
El armamento original era cuatro cañones de 102 mm (4 pulgadas) , [8] un cañón antiaéreo de 76 mm (3 pulgadas) y doce tubos de torpedos . [9] En la clase Wickes , la ubicación del cañón de 4 pulgadas era un cañón en un escudo en el castillo de proa, uno en el alcázar y uno a cada lado en una plataforma entre los embudos número 2 y 3. El Almirantazgo retiró rápidamente uno de los cañones de 4 pulgadas y seis tubos de torpedos para mejorar la estabilidad. [10] Veintitrés de la clase tuvieron más reducciones de armamento para la escolta antisubmarina de convoyes comerciales. [11] Dos de las pistolas de 4 pulgadas restantes y tres de los tubos de torpedos restantes fueron retirados para permitir el aumento de la profundidad de carga de estiba y la instalación de Hedgehog sistema de mortero anti-submarino. [11]
Buques en clase por origen
Los barcos fueron divididos por la Royal Navy en cuatro grupos en función de sus características. [12]
- El Tipo A correspondía a los 20 barcos de la clase Clemson , con un desplazamiento estándar de 1190 toneladas propulsados por turbinas de engranajes que producían una velocidad máxima de 28,5 nudos . Estaban armados con cuatro cañones simples de 4 pulgadas y un cañón antiaéreo de 3 pulgadas, con tubos de torpedos triples de 21 ". La longitud total era de 314 pies 4 pulgadas, la manga 31 pies 8 pulgadas y el calado 12 pies 10 pulgadas.
- El Tipo B eran los 12 barcos de la clase Wickes construidos según los planos preparados por Bath Iron Works . Estos eran más ligeros que los barcos tipo A, con un desplazamiento de 1090 toneladas pero tenían el mismo armamento y maquinaria con una velocidad algo mejor de 28,75 kt.
- El Tipo C fueron los 15 barcos de la clase Wickes construidos según los planos preparados por Bethlehem Steel , con un desplazamiento de 1060 toneladas y una velocidad mejorada de 29,75 kt.
- El tipo D eran los 3 barcos de la clase Caldwell , más pequeños de nuevo con 1020 toneladas, con un armamento de 4 cañones individuales de 3 "y construido con turbinas de accionamiento directo, pero con una velocidad de 30 kt. Los barcos tipo D también eran reconocibles en tener solo 3 embudos.
Escribe un | Tipo B | Tipo C | Tipo D | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Disp estándar . | 1190 toneladas | 1090t | 1060t | 1020t |
Disp a plena carga | 1725t | 1530t | 1530t | 1445t |
Longitud (oa) | 314 '4 " | 314 '4 " | 314 '4 " | 315 '6 " |
Haz | 31 '8 " | 31 '0 " | 31 '8 " | 31 '2 " |
Borrador | 12 '10 " | 11 '11 " | 11 '11 " | 11 '0 " |
Maquinaria | turbinas de engranajes | turbinas de engranajes | turbinas de engranajes | turbinas de accionamiento directo |
Calderas | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
Ejes | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 |
Velocidad | 28,5 nudos | 28,75 nudos | 29,75 nudos | 30 nudos |
Armamento | 4x1 Pistola de 4 pulg . 1x1 3 pulg . AA 4x3 21 pulg. TT | 4x1 Pistola de 4 pulg . 1x1 3 pulg . AA 4x3 21 pulg. TT | 4x1 Pistola de 4 pulg . 1x1 3 pulg . AA 4x3 21 pulg. TT | Pistola 4x1 3/50 1x1 3/23 AA 4x3 21 pulg. TT |
Asignado a la Royal Canadian Navy
Nombre | Tipo | ex- USN | Clase | Constructor | Terminado | Transferido |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Annapolis | C | USS MacKenzie | Destructor clase Wickes | Union Iron Works | 25 de julio de 1919 | 29 de septiembre de 1940 |
Columbia | C | USS Haraden | Wickes | Dique seco de Seattle Co. | 6 de junio de 1919 | 24 de septiembre de 1940 |
Niágara | C | USS Thatcher | Wickes | Bethlehem Steel Fore River | 14 de enero de 1919 | 26 de septiembre de 1940 |
St. Clair | C | USS Williams | Wickes | Union Iron Works | 1 de marzo de 1919 | 29 de septiembre de 1940 |
St. Croix | A | USS McCook | Destructor clase Clemson | Quincy de acero de Belén | 30 de abril de 1919 | 24 de septiembre de 1940 |
San Francisco | A | USS Bancroft | Clemson | Quincy de acero de Belén | 30 de junio de 1919 | 24 de septiembre de 1940 |
Asignado a la Royal Navy
Nombre | Tipo | ex- USN | Clase | Constructor | Terminado | Transferido |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baño | C | USS Hopewell | Destructor clase Wickes | Newport News SB Co. | 21 de marzo de 1919 | 23 de septiembre de 1940 |
Belmont | A | USS Satterlee | Destructor clase Clemson | Newport News SB Co. | 22 de diciembre de 1919 | 8 de octubre de 1940 |
Beverley | A | Sucursal USS | Clemson | Newport News SB Co. | 3 de abril de 1920 | 8 de octubre de 1940 |
Bradford | A | USS McLanahan | Clemson | Squantum de acero de Belén | 5 de septiembre de 1919 | 8 de octubre de 1940 |
Brighton | C | USS Cowell | Wickes | Bethlehem Steel Fore River | 17 de marzo de 1919 | 23 de septiembre de 1940 |
Broadwater | A | USS Mason | Clemson | Newport News SB Co. | 28 de febrero de 1920 | 2 de octubre de 1940 |
Broadway | A | USS Hunt | Clemson | Newport News SB Co. | 8 de junio de 1920 | 8 de octubre de 1940 |
Burnham | A | USS Aulick | Clemson | Quincy de acero de Belén | 26 de julio de 1919 | 8 de octubre de 1940 |
Burwell | A | USS Laub | Clemson | Squantum de acero de Belén | 17 de marzo de 1919 | 8 de octubre de 1940 |
Buxton | A | USS Edwards | Clemson | Squantum de acero de Belén | 24 de abril de 1919 | 8 de octubre de 1940 |
Caldwell | B | USS Hale | Wickes | Trabajos de plancha de baño | 12 de junio de 1919 | 9 de septiembre de 1940 |
Cameron | A | USS Welles | Clemson | Quincy de acero de Belén | 2 September 1919 | 9 September 1940 |
Campbeltown | B | USS Buchanan | Wickes | Bath Iron Works | 20 January 1919 | 9 September 1940 |
Castleton | B | USS Aaron Ward | Wickes | Bath Iron Works | 21 April 1919 | 9 September 1940 |
Charlestown | C | USS Abbot | Wickes | Newport News SB Co. | 18 July 1919 | 23 September 1940 |
Chelsea | B | USS Crowninshield | Wickes | Bath Iron Works | 6 August 1919 | 9 September 1940 |
Chesterfield | A | USS Welborn C. Wood | Clemson | Newport News SB Co. | 25 June 1920 | 9 September 1940 |
Churchill | A | USS Herndon | Clemson | Newport News SB Co. | 17 April 1920 | 9 September 1940 |
Clare | A | USS Abel P. Upshur | Clemson | Newport News SB Co. | 21 May 1920 | 9 September 1940 |
Georgetown | C | USS Maddox | Wickes | Bethlehem Steel Fore River | 10 March 1919 | 23 September 1940 |
Hamilton | C | USS Kalk | Wickes | Bethlehem Steel Fore River | 29 March 1919 | 23 September 1940 |
Lancaster | B | USS Philip | Wickes | Bath Iron Works | 25 August 1919 | 23 October 1940 |
Leamington | B | USS Twiggs | Wickes | New York SB Co. | 28 July 1919 | 23 October 1940 |
Leeds | D | USS Conner | Caldwell-class destroyer | Cramp | 12 January 1918 | 23 October 1940 |
Lewes | D | USS Conway | Caldwell | Norfolk Navy Yard | 19 October 1918 | 23 October 1940 |
Lincoln | B | USS Yarnall | Wickes | Cramp | 29 November 1918 | 23 October 1940 |
Ludlow | D | USS Stockton | Caldwell | Cramp | 26 November 1917 | 23 October 1940 |
Mansfield | B | USS Evans | Wickes | Bath Iron Works | 11 November 1918 | 23 October 1940 |
Montgomery | B | USS Wickes | Wickes | Bath Iron Works | 31 July 1918 | 25 October 1940 |
Newark | C | USS Ringgold | Wickes | Union Iron Works | 14 November 1918 | 5 December 1940 |
Newmarket | C | USS Robinson | Wickes | Union Iron Works | 19 October 1918 | 5 December 1940 |
Newport | C | USS Sigourney | Wickes | Bethlehem Steel Fore River | 14 May 1918 | 5 December 1940 |
Ramsey | A | USS Meade | Clemson | Bethlehem Steel Squantum | 8 September 1919 | 26 November 1940 |
Reading | A | USS Bailey | Clemson | Bethlehem Steel Squantum | 27 June 1919 | 26 November 1940 |
Richmond | B | USS Fairfax | Wickes | Mare Island Navy Yard | 6 April 1918 | 26 November 1940 |
Ripley | A | USS Shubrick | Clemson | Bethlehem Steel Squantum | 2 July 1919 | 26 November 1940 |
Rockingham | A | USS Swasey | Clemson | Bethlehem Steel Squantum | 31 July 1919 | 26 November 1940 |
Roxborough | C | USS Foote | Wickes | Bethlehem Steel Fore River | 21 March 1919 | 23 September 1940 |
Salisbury | B | USS Claxton | Wickes | Mare Island Navy Yard | 13 September 1919 | 5 December 1940 |
St. Albans | C | USS Thomas | Wickes | Newport News SB Co. | 25 April 1919 | 23 September 1940 |
St. Mary's | C | USS Doran | Wickes | Newport News SB Co. | 26 August 1919 | 23 September 1940 |
Sherwood | A | USS Rodgers | Clemson | Bethlehem Steel Quincy | 22 July 1919 | 23 October 1940 |
Stanley | A | USS McCalla | Clemson | Bethlehem Steel Quincy | 19 May 1919 | 23 October 1940 |
Wells | B | USS Tillman | Wickes | Charleston Navy Yard | 30 April 1921 | 5 December 1940 |
Buques en clase por operador
Name | Ex- | Date acquired | Service | Fate |
---|---|---|---|---|
Annapolis | USS MacKenzie | 29 September 1940 | convoy escort with WLEF; relegated to training ship April 1944 | towed to Boston for scrapping on 22 June 1945. |
Buxton | HMS Buxton | August 1942 | convoy escort with WLEF; relegated to training ship August 1943 | She was scrapped on 21 March 1946. |
Columbia | USS Haraden | 24 September 1940 | convoy escort with WLEF; relegated to replenishment hulk Feb 1944 | She was scrapped on 7 August 1945. |
Hamilton | HMS Hamilton | June 1941 | convoy escort with WLEF; relegated to tender August 1943 | lost while being towed to Boston for scrapping in 1945. |
Niagara | USS Thatcher | 26 September 1940 | on 28 August 1941 Niagara was involved in the capture of U-570, which had surrendered to an RAF Hudson the previous day | She was scrapped by the end of 1947. |
St. Clair | USS Williams | 29 September 1940 | convoy escort with NEF, then WLEF. relegated to submarine depot ship 1943 | She was scrapped on 5 March 1946. |
St. Croix | USS McCook | 24 September 1940 | escorting convoy ON 113 she attacked and sank U-90 on 27 July 1942; escorting convoy KMS-10, St Croix and HMCS Shediac sank U-87 | while escorting the combined convoys ONS 18/ON 202, St Croix was twice torpedoed by U-305 and sunk on 20 September 1943; survivors were taken aboard the frigate HMS Itchen, which was sunk on 22 September with very heavy loss of life; only one of St Croix's crew of 147 survived. |
St. Francis | USS Bancroft | 24 September 1940 | convoy escort with MOEF; relegated to training early 1944 | She was wrecked while being towed for scrapping on 14 July 1945. |
Name | Ex- | Date acquired | Service | Fate |
---|---|---|---|---|
Chelsea | HMS Chelsea | November 1942 | transferred to the Soviet Union as Derzkiy on 16 July 1944; returned to the Royal Navy on 24 June 1949 | She was scrapped on 27 July 1949. |
Georgetown | HMS Georgetown | September 1942 | transferred to the Soviet Union as Zhostki in August 1944; returned to the Royal Navy on 9 September 1952[13] | She was scrapped on 16 September 1952. |
Leamington | HMS Leamington | November 1942 | during the fighting around convoy SC 42 in the North Atlantic she shared in the sinking of U-207 on 11 September 1941; while covering convoy WS-17 in the UK approaches, sank U-587 on 27 March 1942; transferred to the Soviet Union as Zhguchi on 17 July 1944; returned on 15 November 1950; hired for the film The Gift Horse, the last Town-class destroyer at sea under her own power | She was scrapped on 3 December 1951. |
Lincoln | HNoMS Lincoln | July 1942 | transferred to the Soviet Union as Druzhny on 26 August 1944; returned to the Royal Navy on 24 August 1952 | She was scrapped on 3 September 1952. |
Mansfield | HNoMS Mansfield | September 1942 | heavily involved in the critical convoy actions of March 1943 with convoy HX-229, landing survivors in the United Kingdom | sold on 24 October 1944 for scrapping. |
Montgomery | HMS Montgomery | December 1941 | on convoy escort Montgomery rescued the survivors of Scottish Standard on 21 February 1941 and sank the Italian submarine Marcello the next day | She was scrapped on 10 April 1945. |
Richmond | HMS Richmond | June 1943 | transferred to the Soviet Union as Zhivuchi on 16 June 1944; returned to the Royal Navy on 26 June 1949 | She was scrapped on 29 June 1949. |
Salisbury | HMS Salisbury | September 1942 | she was employed as a special escort for specific convoys, including escorting Wasp during the supply of Spitfires to Malta | She was scrapped in the US in April 1945. |
Name | Ex- | Date acquired | Service | Fate |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bath | USS Hopewell | 23 September 1940 | to Norway as HNoMS Bath in April 1941 | lost on 19 August 1941) |
Belmont | USS Satterlee | 8 October 1940 | convoy escort with Western Approaches Command | while escorting troop convoy NA-2 from St. John's, Newfoundland, Belmont was torpedoed by U-82 on 31 January 1942 and sank with the loss of her entire ship's company. |
Beverley | USS Branch | 8 October 1940 | she attacked and sank U-187 on 4 February 1942. | Beverley was torpedoed by U-188 on 11 April 1943 and was sunk with the loss of all but four of the ship's company of 152. |
Bradford | USS McLanahan | 8 October 1940 | convoy escort with Western Approaches Command | consigned for scrapping in August 1946. |
Brighton | USS Cowell | 23 September 1940 | to the Soviet Union as Zarkij on 16 July 1944; returned to the Royal Navy on 4 March 1949 | She was scrapped on 18 May 1949. |
Broadwater | USS Mason | 2 October 1940 | convoy escort with Western Approaches Command | escorting convoy SC 48 between St. John's, Newfoundland and Iceland, Broadwater was torpedoed by U-101 and sunk on 18 October 1941. |
Broadway | USS Hunt | 8 October 1940 | while escorting convoy OB 318, Broadway took part in the attack on U-110 on 9 May 1941; abandoned by its crew, U-110 was boarded and taken in tow. Escorting convoy HX 237, Broadway located and sank U-89 in the North Atlantic on 14 May 1943 | allocated for scrapping in March 1948. |
Burnham | USS Aulick | 8 October 1940 | convoy escort with Western Approaches Command | She was scrapped on 2 December 1948. |
Burwell | USS Laub | 8 October 1940 | one of the ships involved in the recovery of U-570 after its surrender to an RAF aircraft | consigned for scrapping in March 1947. |
Buxton | USS Edwards | 8 October 1940 | to Canada as HMCS Buxton in August 1942 | Scrapped 21 March 1946 |
Caldwell | USS Hale | 9 September 1940 | convoy escort with Western Approaches Command | She was scrapped on 7 June 1945. |
Cameron | USS Welles | 9 September 1940 | Cameron never reached operational service; hit and set on fire by an air raid in Portsmouth on 5 December 1940, she was considered by the U.S. Navy as the worst damaged but surviving destroyer available and was extensively studied for explosive effects and damage control | consigned for scrapping on 1 December 1944. |
Campbeltown | USS Buchanan | 9 September 1940 | to Netherlands as Campbeltown in March 1941; Returned September 1941 | she was destroyed in Operation Chariot, 28 March 1942 |
Castleton | USS Aaron Ward | 9 September 1940 | convoy escort with Western Approaches Command | She was scrapped on 2 January 1948. |
Charlestown | USS Abbot | 23 September 1940 | convoy escort with Western Approaches Command | She was scrapped on 3 December 1948. |
Chelsea | USS Crowninshield | 9 September 1940 | to Canada as HMCS Chelsea in November 1942; to the Soviet Union as Derzki in July 1944 | returned and scrapped 1949 |
Chesterfield | USS Welborn C. Wood | 9 September 1940 | convoy escort with Western Approaches Command | She was scrapped on 3 December 1948. |
Churchill | USS Herndon | 9 September 1940 | to the Soviet Union as Dejatelny in July 1944 | lost on 16 January 1945 |
Clare | USS Abel P. Upshur | 9 September 1940 | convoy escort with Western Approaches Command | She was scrapped on 18 February 1947. |
Georgetown | USS Maddox | 23 September 1940 | to Canada as HMCS Georgetown in September 1942; to the Soviet Union as Zostki in August 1944.[13] | returned and scrapped September 1952 |
Hamilton | USS Kalk | 23 September 1940 | to Canada as HMCS Hamilton in June 1941 | sold for scrap July 1945, sank under tow to breakers |
Lancaster | USS Philip | 23 October 1940 | convoy escort with Western Approaches Command | She was scrapped on 30 May 1947. |
Leamington | USS Twiggs | 23 October 1940 | to Canada as HMCS Leamington in November 1942; to the Soviet Union as Zguchi in July 1944 (starred in 1950 film The Gift Horse, which depicted the St. Nazaire Raid) | Scrapped December 1951 |
Leeds | USS Conner | 23 October 1940 | convoy escort with Western Approaches Command | She was scrapped on 19 January 1949. |
Lewes | USS Conway | 23 October 1940 | convoy escort with Western Approaches Command | She outlived all of her sisters in British service and was stripped of valuable scrap and scuttled off Sydney, Australia on 25 May 1946. |
Lincoln | USS Yarnall | 23 October 1940 | to Norway as HNoMS Lincoln in February 1942; to Canada as HMCS Lincoln in November 1942; to the Soviet Union as Druzny in August 1944 | returned and scrapped August 1952 |
Ludlow | USS Stockton | 23 October 1940 | convoy escort with Western Approaches Command | stripped and beached as a target for rocket firing aircraft off Fidra Island, United Kingdom. |
Mansfield | USS Evans | 23 October 1940 | to Norway as HNoMS Mansfield in December 1940; to Canada as HMCS Mansfield in September 1942 | Scrapped 1945 |
Montgomery | USS Wickes | 25 October 1940 | to Canada as HMCS Montgomery in December 1941 | Scrapped April 1945 |
Newark | USS Ringgold | 5 December 1940 | convoy escort with Western Approaches Command | consigned for scrapping on 18 February 1947. |
Newmarket | USS Robinson | 5 December 1940 | convoy escort with Western Approaches Command | She was scrapped on 21 September 1945. |
Newport | USS Sigourney | 5 December 1940 | to Norway as HNoMS Newport in March 1941 | She was scrapped on 18 February 1947. |
Ramsey | USS Meade | 26 November 1940 | convoy escort with Western Approaches Command | She was scrapped July 1947. |
Reading | USS Bailey | 26 November 1940 | convoy escort with Western Approaches Command | She was scrapped on 24 July 1945. |
Richmond | USS Fairfax | 26 November 1940 | to Canada as HMCS Richmond in June 1943; to the Soviet Union as Zivuchi in June 1944 | Returned and scrapped June 1949 |
Ripley | USS Shubrick | 26 November 1940 | convoy escort with Western Approaches Command | consigned for scrapping on 10 March 1945. |
Rockingham | USS Swasey | 26 November 1940 | convoy escort with Western Approaches Command | while returning to Aberdeen on 27 September 1944, poor navigation brought her into the defensive minefields off the east coast of the United Kingdom, and after striking a mine Rockingham was abandoned and sank with the loss of one life. |
Roxborough | USS Foote | 23 September 1940 | while with convoy HX-222 Roxborough met with such heavy weather that the entire bridge structure was crushed, with eleven dead, including the Commanding Officer and 1st Lieutenant; the sole surviving executive officer managed to regain control of the ship, and under hand steering from aft, she made St. John's, Newfoundland; to the Soviet Union as Doblestnyj on 10 August 1944; returned to the Royal Navy on 7 February 1949[14] | She was scrapped on 14 May 1949. |
Salisbury | USS Claxton | 5 December 1940 | to Canada as HMCS Salisbury in September 1942 | Scrapped April 1945 |
Sherwood | USS Rodgers) | 23 October 1940 | convoy escort with Western Approaches Command | stripped of usable parts, Sherwood was beached on 3 October 1943 as a target for RAF rocket-equipped Beaufighters. |
St. Albans | USS Thomas | 23 September 1940 | to Norway as HNoMS St. Albans in April 1941; to the Soviet Union as Dostojny in July 1944; returned to the Royal Navy on 28 February 1949 | towed for scrapping on 18 May 1949. |
St. Mary's | USS Doran | 23 September 1940 | convoy escort with Western Approaches Command | She was scrapped in December 1945. |
Stanley | USS McCalla | 23 October 1940 | escorting convoy HG 76 from Gibraltar, Stanley and accompanying vessels sank U-131 on 17 December 1941 and U-434 on the following day | Stanley was sunk by U-574 on 19 December 1941 with the loss of all but 25 of her crew. |
Wells | USS Tillman | 5 December 1940 | convoy escort with Western Approaches Command | She was scrapped February 1946. |
Name | Ex- | Date acquired | Service | Fate |
---|---|---|---|---|
Campbeltown | HMS Campbeltown | March 1941 | Returned to RN service in Sept 1941 as HMS Campbeltown | expended 28 March 1942 in Operation Chariot |
Name | Ex- | Date acquired | Service | Fate |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bath | HMS Bath | 9 April 1941 | convoy escort with Western Approaches Command | while escorting convoy OG 71 between Liverpool and Gibraltar, Bath was torpedoed by U-204 on 19 August 1941 and sank rapidly. |
Lincoln | HMS Lincoln | February 1942 | to RCN as HMCS Lincoln in July 1942; to Soviet Union as Druzhny on 26 August 1944; returned to Royal Navy on 24 August 1952 | Scrapped on 3 September 1952. |
Mansfield | HMS Mansfield | December 1940 | to RCN as HMCS Mansfield in September 1942 | sold on 24 October 1944 for scrapping. |
Newport | HMS Newport | March 1941 | returned to RN in June 1942 | scrapped 1947. |
St. Albans | HMS St. Albans | 14 April 1941 | while with convoy SL 81, St Albans took part in the sinking of U-401 on 3 August 1941; encountered the Polish submarine Jastrzab, and in company with the minesweeper Seagull, attacked and sank it in early 1942; transferred to the Soviet Union as Dostoinyi on 16 July 1944; returned to the Royal Navy on 28 February 1949 | towed for scrapping on 18 May 1949. |
Name | Ex- | Date acquired | Service | Fate |
---|---|---|---|---|
Dejatelnyj | HMS Churchill | 16 July 1944 | convoy escort in the Arctic Ocean | torpedoed and sunk by U-956 on 16 January 1945 while escorting a White Sea convoy; the last war loss of the class and the only one of the destroyers transferred to the Soviet Union to be lost. |
Derzkij | HMCS Chelsea | 16 July 1944 | returned to the Royal Navy on 24 June 1949 | Scrapped on 27 July 1949. |
Doblestnyj | HMS Roxborough[14] | 10 August 1944 | returned to the Royal Navy on 7 February 1949 | Scrapped on 14 May 1949. |
Dostojnyj | HNoMS St. Albans | 16 July 1944 | returned to the Royal Navy on 28 February 1949 | towed for scrapping on 18 May 1949. |
Druznyj | HMCS Lincoln | 26 August 1944 | returned to the Royal Navy on 24 August 1952 | Scrapped on 3 September 1952. |
Zarkij | HMS Brighton | 16 July 1944 | returned to the Royal Navy on 4 March 1949 | Scrapped on 18 May 1949. |
Zguchij | HMCS Leamington | 17 July 1944 | returned on 15 November 1950 | Scrapped on 3 December 1951. |
Zivuchij | HMCS Richmond | 16 June 1944 | returned to the Royal Navy on 26 June 1949 | Scrapped on 29 June 1949. |
Zostkij | HMCS Georgetown[13] | August 1944 | returned to the Royal Navy on 9 September 1952 | Scrapped on 16 September 1952. |
Notas
- ^ Lenton&Colledge 1968 pp.88–92
- ^ a b c d Thomas, Donald I., CAPT USN "Recommissioning Destroyers, 1939 Style" United States Naval Institute Proceedings September 1979 p.71
- ^ a b c Lenton&Colledge 1968 p.80
- ^ Milner 1985 p.23
- ^ Conway p.124
- ^ Bernard Edwards: Convoy Will Scatter; Pen & Sword 2013
- ^ Roskill p.348
- ^ Campbell 1985 p.143
- ^ Silverstone 1968 p.103
- ^ Lenton&Colledge 1968 pp.80
- ^ a b Lenton&Colledge 1968 pp.80&90–92
- ^ a b c d Hague p.14-15
- ^ a b c sources differ on whether Zhostky was HMS Georgetown (Conway p.332) or HMS Roxborough (DANFS)
- ^ a b sources differ on whether Doblestnyi was HMS Georgetown (DANFS) or HMS Roxborough (Conway p332)
Referencias
- Campbell, John (1985). Naval Weapons of World War Two. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-459-4.
- R Gardiner, R Gray (1985) Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships: 1906–1921ISBN 0-85177-245-5
- Lenton, H.T. & Colledge, J.J. (1968). British and Dominion Warships of World War II. Doubleday and Company.
- Hague, Arnold (1988) Destroyers for Great Britain: A History of the 50 Town Class Ships Transferred From the United States to Great Britain in 1940. Naval Institute Press, Annapolis ISBN 0-87021-782-8 (Limited view at archive.org)
- Milner, Marc (1985). North Atlantic Run. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-450-0.
- Roskill, SW (1954) The War at Sea: 1939-1945 Vol I. HMSO (ISBN: none)
- Silverstone, Paul H. (1968). U.S. Warships of World War II. Doubleday and Company.