| Vernonia | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Vernonia baldwinii | |
clasificación cientifica  | |
| Reino: | Plantae |
| Clade : | Traqueofitas |
| Clade : | Angiospermas |
| Clade : | Eudicots |
| Clade : | Asteridas |
| Pedido: | Asterales |
| Familia: | Asteraceae |
| Subfamilia: | Cichorioideae |
| Tribu: | Vernonieae |
| Género: | Vernonia Schreb. |
| Sinónimos [1] | |
Lista
| |
Vernonia es un género de unas 350 especies de hierbas y arbustos de la familia Asteraceae . [2] Algunas especies se conocen como hierba de hierro . Algunas especies son comestibles y de valor económico . Son conocidos por tenerflores decolor púrpura intenso. El género lleva el nombre del botánico inglés William Vernon. Ha habido numerosos subgéneros y subsecciones distintos nombrados en este género , y algunos botánicos han dividido el género en varios géneros distintos. [3] [2] Por ejemplo, la Flora de América del Norte reconoce solo unas veinte especies enVernonia sensu stricto , diecisiete de las cuales se encuentran en América del Norte al norte de México, y las otras se encuentran en América del Sur . [4]
Especies [ editar ]
Las especies de este género se encuentran en América del Sur , África , el sudeste de Asia y América del Norte . Las especies de Vernonia son bien conocidas por hibridar entre especies similares en áreas de rangos superpuestos. Hay aproximadamente 350 especies en el género. [2] A continuación se proporciona una lista seleccionada.
América del Norte [ editar ]
- Vernonia acaulis
- Vernonia arkansana
- Vernonia angustifolia
- Vernonia baldwinii
- Vernonia blodgettii
- Vernonia fasciculata
- Vernonia flaccidifolia
- Vernonia gigantea o Vernonia altissima [5]
- Vernonia glauca
- Vernonia larseniae
- Vernonia lettermannii
- Vernonia lindheimeri
- Vernonia marginata
- Vernonia missurica
- Vernonia noveboracensis
- Vernonia proctorii
- Vernonia pulchella
- Vernonia texana
South America[edit]
- Vernonia nonoensis
- Vernonia patens
- Vernonia scorpioides
- Vernonia condensata
Africa[edit]
- Vernonia amygdalina
- Vernonia calvoana
- Vernonia colorata
- Vernonia galamensis
- Vernonia kotschyana
- Vernonia staehelinoides
- Vernonia cineria
- vernonia myriantha
Asia[edit]
- Vernonia arborea
- Vernonia cockburniana
- Vernonia elaeagnifolia
- Vernonia unicata
- Vernonia zollingerianoides
Uses[edit]
Several species of Vernonia, including V. calvoana, V. amygdalina, and V. colorata, are eaten as leaf vegetables. Common names for these species include bitterleaf, onugbu in the Igbo language, ewuro and ndole. They are common in most West African and Central African countries. They are one of the most widely consumed leaf vegetables of Nigeria, where the onugbu soup is a local delicacy of the Igbo people, and of Cameroon, where they are a key ingredient of Ndolé: the national dish of Cameroon.[6] The leaves have a sweet and bitter taste. They are sold fresh or dried and are a typical ingredient in egusi soup.
Vernonia galamensis is used as an oilseed in East Africa. It is grown in many parts of Ethiopia, especially around the city of Harar, with an average seed yield of 2 to 2.5 t/ha. It is reported that the Ethiopian strains of Vernonia have the highest oil content, up to 41.9% with up to 80% vernolic acid, and is used in paint formulations, coatings plasticizers, and as a reagent for many industrial chemicals.[7]
Vernonia amygdalina is used in traditional herbal medicine. These leaves are exported from several African countries and can be purchased in grocery stores aiming to serve African clients. In Brazil, V. condensata is commonly known as "figatil" or "necroton" and used in local traditional medicine.[8]
Ecology[edit]
Vernonia species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Coleophora vernoniaeella (which feeds exclusively on the genus) and Schinia regia (which feeds exclusively on V. texana).
References[edit]
- ^ Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist
- ^ a b c "Vernonia Schreb". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanical Gardens Kew. Retrieved 28 September 2020.
- ^ Harold Robinson (1999). "Generic and Subtribal Classification of American Vernonieae" (PDF). Smithsonian Contributions to Botany. 89. Retrieved 17 September 2014.
- ^ Flora of North America: Vernonia
- ^ Flora of North America: Vernonia gigantea
- ^ Veronia calvoana, Plant Encyclopedia
- ^ "Alamata Pilot Learning Site Diagnosis and Program Design" Archived July 26, 2011, at the Wayback Machine IPMS Information Resources Portal - Ethiopia (23 June 2005), p. 12 (accessed 3 March 2009)
- ^ Jucélia Barbosa da Silva; Vanessa dos Santos Temponi; Carolina Miranda Gasparetto; et al. (2013). "Vernonia condensata Baker (Asteraceae): A Promising Source of Antioxidants". Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity. Article ID 698018: 1–9. doi:10.1155/2013/698018. PMC 3893806. PMID 24489987.
