Elections to the United States House of Representatives held in 1902 occurred in the middle of President Theodore Roosevelt's first term, about a year after the assassination of President William McKinley in September 1901.
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Due to the increased size of the House and the reapportionment that resulted from the 1900 U.S. Census, the Republican Party and the Democratic Party both gained seats simultaneously, which has not occurred in any elections since. The Democrats increased their share of the House, but not by enough to regain control.
With a stable economy and no cornerstone issue, Democratic gains can mostly be linked to the effects of redistricting. Many of the new seats were in areas with high numbers of immigrants (mostly Eastern and Southern European industrial workers, and Northern European farmers), with new immigrants tending to vote Democrat. The Populist Party disappeared from the House, with its supporters almost unanimously switching to the Democratic Party.[citation needed]
This election marked the third and most recent time in American history where the incumbent President's party gained House seats in a midterm election while still losing seats in the Senate, the first two being in 1814 and 1822.
Election summaries
29 new seats were added in reapportionment following the 1900 Census.[3] No states lost seats, 16 had no change in apportionment, 14 gained 1 seat, 3 gained 2 seats, and 3 gained 3 seats. Two of the states that gained representation elected the new seat at-large.
176 | 3 | 207 |
Democratic | IR | Republican |
State | Type | Total seats | Democratic | Republican | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Seats | Change | Seats | Change | Seats | Change | ||
Alabama | Districts | 9 | 9 | 0 | |||
Arkansas | Districts | 7 | 1 | 7 | 1 | 0 | |
California | Districts | 8 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 2 |
Colorado | District +at-large[f] | 3[g] | 1 | 0 | 3 | 2[h] | |
Connecticut | District +at-large[f] | 5 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 1 | |
Delaware | At-large | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
Florida | Districts | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 0 | |
Georgia | Districts | 11 | 11 | 0 | |||
Idaho | At-large | 1[g] | 0 | 1 | 1 | ||
Illinois | Districts | 25 | 3 | 8 | 3 | 17 | 6 |
Indiana | Districts | 13 | 4 | 9 | |||
Iowa | Districts | 11 | 1 | 1 | 10 | 1 | |
Kansas | District +at-large | 8 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 1 | |
Kentucky | Districts | 11 | 10 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Louisiana | Districts | 7 | 1 | 7 | 1 | 0 | |
Maine[i] | Districts | 4 | 0 | 4 | |||
Maryland | Districts | 6 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 2 | |
Massachusetts | Districts | 14 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 10 | |
Michigan | Districts | 12 | 1 | 1 | 11 | 1 | |
Minnesota | Districts | 9 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 1 |
Mississippi | Districts | 8 | 1 | 8 | 1 | 0 | |
Missouri | Districts | 16 | 1 | 15 | 3 | 1 | 2 |
Montana | At-large | 1[g] | 0 | 1 | 1 | ||
Nebraska | Districts | 6[j] | 1 | 1 | 5 | 3 | |
Nevada | At-large | 1 | 1 | 0 | |||
New Hampshire | Districts | 2 | 0 | 2 | |||
New Jersey | Districts | 10 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 7 | 1 |
New York | Districts | 37 | 3 | 17 | 4 | 20 | 1 |
North Carolina | Districts | 10 | 1 | 10 | 3 | 0 | 2 |
North Dakota | At-large | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | |
Ohio | Districts | 21 | 4 | 17 | |||
Oregon[i] | Districts | 2 | 0 | 2 | |||
Pennsylvania | District[k] | 32 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 29[d] | 3 |
Rhode Island | Districts | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
South Carolina | Districts | 7 | 7 | 0 | |||
South Dakota | At-large | 2 | 0 | 2 | |||
Tennessee | Districts | 10 | 8 | 2 | |||
Texas | Districts | 16 | 3 | 16 | 3 | 0 | |
Utah | At-large | 1 | 0 | 1 | |||
Vermont[i] | Districts | 2 | 0 | 2 | |||
Virginia | Districts | 10 | 9 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Washington | At-large | 3 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 1 | |
West Virginia | Districts | 5 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 1 | |
Wisconsin | Districts | 11 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 10 | |
Wyoming | At-large | 1 | 0 | 1 | |||
Total | 386 | 29 | 176 45.6% | 25 | 210[d] 54.4% | 9 |
The previous election had 5 Populists, but the party completely disappeared from the U.S. House in the 1902 elections.
Special elections
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
New York 7 | |||||
Pennsylvania 17 | |||||
Kentucky 3 | |||||
Massachusetts 6 | |||||
Missouri 12 | James Joseph Butler | Democratic | 1901 | Seat declared vacant. Incumbent re-elected November 4, 1902 to finish his term. Special election later successfully contested by George C. R. Wagoner. |
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New York 10 | |||||
Virginia 6 | |||||
New Jersey 4 | |||||
Texas 3 | |||||
New York 26 | |||||
Texas 4 | |||||
Connecticut 3 |
Election dates
All the states held their elections November 4, 1902, except for 3 states, with 8 seats among them:
- June 2: Oregon
- September 2: Vermont
- September 8: Maine
Alabama
Arizona Territory
See Non-voting delegates, below.
Arkansas
California
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
California 1 | Samuel D. Woods Redistricted from the 2nd district | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold. |
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California 2 | Frank Coombs Redistricted from the 1st district | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
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California 3 | Victor H. Metcalf | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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California 4 | Julius Kahn | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
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California 5 | Eugene F. Loud | Republican | 1890 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
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California 6 | James C. Needham Redistricted from the 7th district | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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California 7 | James McLachlan Redistricted from the 6th district | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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California 8 | None (District created) | New seat. New member elected. Republican gain. |
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Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Florida 1 | Stephen M. Sparkman | Democratic | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Florida 2 | Robert Wyche Davis | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Florida 3 | None (District created) | New seat. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
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Georgia
Hawaii Territory
See Non-voting delegates, below.
Idaho
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Idaho at-large | Thomas L. Glenn | Populist | 1900 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican gain. |
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Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Maryland 1 | William H. Jackson | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Maryland 2 | Albert Blakeney | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
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Maryland 3 | Frank C. Wachter | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Maryland 4 | Charles R. Schirm | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
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Maryland 5 | Sydney Emanuel Mudd I | Republican | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Maryland 6 | George A. Pearre | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected |
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Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Mississippi 1 | Ezekiel S. Candler Jr. | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Mississippi 2 | Thomas Spight | Democratic | 1898 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Mississippi 3 | Pat Henry | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
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Mississippi 4 | Andrew F. Fox | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
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Mississippi 5 | John S. Williams | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent redistricted to the 8th district. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
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Mississippi 6 | Frank A. McLain | Democratic | 1898 (special) | Incumbent redistricted to the 7th district. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
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Mississippi 7 | Charles E. Hooker | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
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Frank A. McLain | Democratic | 1898 (special) | Redistricted from the 6th district. | ||
Mississippi 8 | John S. Williams | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent redistricted from the 5th district. Incumbent re-elected. Democratic gain. |
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Missouri
Montana
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Montana at-large | Caldwell Edwards | Populist | 1900 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican gain. |
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Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico Territory
See Non-voting delegates, below.
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
North Dakota at-large 2 seats on a general ticket | Thomas F. Marshall | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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New seat | New member elected. Republican gain. |
Ohio
Oklahoma Territory
See Non-voting delegates, below.
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
South Carolina 1 | William Elliott | Democratic | 1886 1896 | Incumbent retired to run for U.S. senator. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
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South Carolina 2 | W. Jasper Talbert | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent retired to run for Governor of South Carolina. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
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South Carolina 3 | Asbury Latimer | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent retired to run for U.S. senator. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
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South Carolina 4 | Joseph T. Johnson | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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South Carolina 5 | David E. Finley | Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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South Carolina 6 | Robert B. Scarborough | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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South Carolina 7 | Asbury F. Lever | Democratic | 1901 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
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South Dakota
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
South Dakota at-large (2 seats elected on a general ticket) | Charles H. Burke | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Eben Martin | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
Tennessee
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Tennessee 1 | Walter P. Brownlow | Republican | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Tennessee 2 | Henry R. Gibson | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Tennessee 3 | John A. Moon | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Tennessee 4 | Charles E. Snodgrass | Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
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Tennessee 5 | James D. Richardson | Democratic | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Tennessee 6 | John W. Gaines | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Tennessee 7 | Lemuel P. Padgett | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Tennessee 8 | Thetus W. Sims | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Tennessee 9 | Rice A. Pierce | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Tennessee 10 | Malcolm R. Patterson | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
West Virginia 1 | Blackburn B. Dovener | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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West Virginia 2 | Alston G. Dayton | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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West Virginia 3 | Joseph H. Gaines | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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West Virginia 4 | None (incumbent redistricted) | Incumbent redistricted to the 5th district. New member elected. Republican hold. |
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West Virginia 5 | James A. Hughes Redistricted from the 4th district | Republican | 1900 | New member elected. Republican gain. |
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Wisconsin
Wyoming
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Wyoming at-large | Frank W. Mondell | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Non-voting delegates
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Delegate | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Arizona Territory at-large | |||||
Hawaii Territory at-large | |||||
New Mexico Territory at-large | |||||
Oklahoma Territory at-large | Dennis T. Flynn | Republican | 1892 1894 (Lost) 1898 | Incumbent retired. New delegate elected. Republican hold. |
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See also
- 1902 United States elections
- 1902 and 1903 United States Senate elections
- 57th United States Congress
- 58th United States Congress
Notes
- ^ Regulars only, not including specials
- ^ Includes five vacancies.
- ^ Includes 6 vacancies.
- ^ a b c d Includes 3 Independent Republicans.
- ^ Includes 1 "Anti-Machine" candidate.
- ^ a b Additional seat elected at-large due to Colorado delaying redistricting.
- ^ a b c Election of 1900 saw the election of 1 Populist.
- ^ There was one member of the Silver Republican Party faction elected in 1900, John F. Shafroth. Shafroth attempted to get elected as a Democrat in 1902, but his election was contested and overturned.
- ^ a b c Elections held early.
- ^ Election of 1900 saw the election of 2 Populists in Nebraska.
- ^ At-large seats eliminated in redistricting.
References
- ^ a b "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved May 18, 2015.
- ^ a b Martis, pp. 156–157.
- ^ Apportionment Act of 1901
- ^ "ID At Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 06". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 07". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 08". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
- ^ "MT At-Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
- ^ "ND At Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 6 April 2021.
- ^ "SD At Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 2 March 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 2 March 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 2 March 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 2 March 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 2 March 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 06". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 2 March 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 07". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 2 March 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 08". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 2 March 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 09". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 2 March 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 10". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 2 March 2021.
- ^ "WV District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
- ^ "WV District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
- ^ "WV District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
- ^ "WV District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
- ^ "WV District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
- ^ "WY At-Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 12 April 2021.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - OK Territorial Delegate Race - Nov 04, 1902". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2020-06-25.
Bibliography
- Republican Congressional Committee, The Republican Campaign Textbook 1902 (1902).
- Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
- Moore, John L., ed. (1994). Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections (Third ed.). Congressional Quarterly Inc. ISBN 978-0871879967.
- "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
- Secretary of State (1903). Maryland Manual 1902. Baltimore: Wm. J. C. Dulany Co. Retrieved 23 June 2020.
External links
- Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)