El 50º Grupo de Operaciones fue un componente del 50º Ala Espacial , asignado al Comando de Operaciones Espaciales de los Estados Unidos de 1991 a 2020. El grupo está estacionado en la Base de la Fuerza Aérea Schriever , Colorado.
50 ° Grupo de Operaciones | |
---|---|
Activo | Diciembre de 1991 a 24 de julio de 2020 [1] |
País | Estados Unidos |
Rama | Fuerza espacial de los Estados Unidos |
Tamaño | Más de 1100 militares y civiles |
Guarnición / HQ | Base de la Fuerza Aérea Schriever |
Lema (s) | Master of the Sky (1941-1957) Master of Space (1992-presente) |
Compromisos | Teatro europeo de la Segunda Guerra Mundial |
Decoraciones | Premio a la Unidad Destacada de la Fuerza Aérea con Mención Distinguida por Unidad Citado en la Orden del Día por el Ejército Belga |
Insignias | |
Emblema del 50º Grupo de Operaciones (Aprobado originalmente para el grupo el 9 de enero de 1942) [2] [nota 1] | |
Forma original del emblema del Grupo [2] | |
Emblema de grupo del 23 de agosto de 1956 al 8 de diciembre de 1957 [3] [nota 2] |
El grupo se activó en enero de 1941 como el 50º Grupo de Persecución y comenzó a entrenar bajo la Tercera Fuerza Aérea . En mayo de 1942 fue reasignado a la Escuela de Tácticas Aplicadas de las Fuerzas Aéreas del Ejército , donde fue una unidad de entrenamiento y prueba como el 50 ° Grupo de Combate (Especial). El grupo se trasladó al Teatro de Operaciones Europeo en la expansión de primavera de 1944 de la Novena Fuerza Aérea en Inglaterra en preparación para la Operación Overlord . Realizó su primera misión de combate el 1 de mayo de 1944. El grupo se trasladó a Francia a finales de junio y continuó en combate hasta el Día VE . Durante las operaciones de combate en Europa Occidental, la unidad recibió dos Citaciones de Unidad Distinguidas . Regresó a Estados Unidos, donde fue inactivo el 7 de noviembre de 1945.
En junio de 1949, el grupo se activó como una unidad de reserva en la Base de la Fuerza Aérea Otis , Massachusetts, donde era una unidad corolario del 33d Fighter Group en servicio activo . En 1950, se convirtió en el 50º Grupo de Cazas-Interceptores . El grupo fue llamado al servicio activo en relación con la Guerra de Corea en junio de 1950, pero fue desactivado unos días después y su personal fue trasladado a otras unidades.
El grupo, ahora designado como el 50 ° Grupo de Cazas-Bombarderos , se activó en enero de 1953, cuando se hizo cargo de la misión, el personal y el equipo del 140 ° Grupo de Cazas-Bombarderos , una unidad de la Guardia Nacional Aérea de Colorado que había sido federalizada para la Guerra de Corea. . Una vez que el grupo hizo la transición de los Mustang F-51 norteamericanos a los Sabres F-86 norteamericanos , se desplegó en Alemania y la Base Aérea de Hahn . Se trasladó a la base aérea de Toul-Rosières , Francia, en 1956, y fue inactivada allí a finales de 1957.
Aunque el grupo fue rebautizado como 50th Tactical Fighter Group en 1985, permaneció inactivo hasta diciembre de 1991, cuando, como 50th Operations Group , se hizo cargo del personal del 1002d Operations Group, que fue desactivado simultáneamente. Desde entonces, el grupo ha gestionado una variedad de satélites de vigilancia y comunicaciones para el Departamento de Defensa .
Descripción general
El 50º Grupo de Operaciones se levantó en la Base de la Fuerza Aérea Falcon el 30 de enero de 1992, el mismo día que su padre, el 50º Ala Espacial . Sus tripulaciones, anteriormente las tripulaciones del Grupo de Operaciones 1002d , monitorearon los satélites durante las operaciones de lanzamiento, los maniobraron en órbitas adecuadas y mantuvieron su salud en el espacio. [4]
El grupo dirige, controla y ejecuta el lanzamiento y las primeras operaciones en órbita, y brinda apoyo operativo para más de 65 satélites que apoyan al presidente , el Secretario de Defensa , otras agencias gubernamentales y las fuerzas militares de los Estados Unidos y sus aliados. Comprende más de 1,100 en servicio activo, reserva y civiles. Entrena a los más de 500 operadores de sistemas que forman sus equipos de operaciones espaciales. [4]
Los centros de operaciones espaciales del grupo rastrean, monitorean la telemetría y comandan satélites durante el lanzamiento, las primeras operaciones en órbita y las operaciones en órbita. Resuelven anomalías con satélites cuando ocurren y eliminan los satélites cuando las misiones terminan. [4]
Unidades asignadas
El 50º Grupo de Operaciones consta de los siguientes escuadrones, más un destacamento ubicado en Suitland, Maryland , que proporciona el mando y control del Programa de Satélites Meteorológicos de Defensa : [5]
- El escuadrón opera los satélites de Vigilancia Espacial Basada en el Espacio , Programa de Conciencia Situacional del Espacio Geosincrónico y Reducción de Riesgos de Tecnología Avanzada para identificar y rastrear satélites en órbita alrededor de la Tierra.
- El escuadrón realiza la misión de mando y control del Sistema de Posicionamiento Global (GPS). El GPS es la constelación de satélites militar más grande y más utilizada del mundo. Opera la constelación de naves espaciales a través de una Estación de Control Maestra, ubicada en la Base de la Fuerza Aérea Schreiver y una red mundial de estaciones de monitoreo y antenas terrestres dedicadas. La disponibilidad continua de GPS, su precisión sin precedentes y su capacidad para admitir simultáneamente un número prácticamente ilimitado de usuarios con información tridimensional de posición, velocidad y sincronización han atraído a numerosos usuarios militares y civiles de GPS. [6]
- La misión del escuadrón es proporcionar comunicaciones espaciales confiables para la Autoridad de Comando Nacional , el ejército de los Estados Unidos y las fuerzas aliadas. Para cumplir con su misión, lleva a cabo el comando y control del día a día para el Sistema de Comunicaciones por Satélite de Defensa (DSCS) y el SATCOM Global de Banda Ancha . El sistema Wideband Global SATCOM opera inicialmente con una combinación de satélites DSCS y Global Broadcast Service . Estos sistemas proporcionan enlaces seguros de comunicaciones de datos de alta velocidad con el presidente de los Estados Unidos, el secretario de Defensa de los Estados Unidos, los comandantes de teatro y las fuerzas estratégicas y tácticas de todo el mundo. [7]
- 4to escuadrón de operaciones espaciales
- El escuadrón es responsable del mando y control de los satélites Milstar y Advanced Extremely High Frequency a través de antenas dedicadas de frecuencia extremadamente alta y la Red de Control de Satélites de la Fuerza Aérea . La constelación de múltiples satélites conecta a las autoridades de comando con las fuerzas estadounidenses de alta prioridad a través de terminales de comunicaciones en aviones, barcos, submarinos, camiones y sitios terrestres con voz y datos encriptados. El segmento terrestre consiste en un sitio fijo ubicado en el Edificio de Operaciones de Satélites en la Base de la Fuerza Aérea Schriever y un sitio en la Base de la Fuerza Aérea Vandenberg , California. El escuadrón también operó tres vehículos móviles terrestres avanzados distribuidos geográficamente. En niveles más altos de preparación y durante los ejercicios, el personal del escuadrón se despliega con el Comando Norte de los Estados Unidos y el Comando Estratégico de los Estados Unidos para proporcionar comunicaciones seguras y de supervivencia, así como comando y control. Milstar tiene alrededor de 1500 terminales. A medida que la red avanzada de frecuencia extremadamente alta se vuelva completamente operativa, agregará 5000 terminales adicionales y prestará servicio a las fuerzas de Canadá, el Reino Unido y los Países Bajos. [8]
- 50th Operations Support Squadron
- The squadron mission is to manage and conduct training programs ensuring mission qualification and combat readiness of group personnel and personnel assigned to affiliated Air National Guard and Air Force Reserve units. It implements the wing Weapons and Tactics program, while overseeing space modernization and upgrades. It is also responsible for processing the daily Space Duty Order and maintaining crew force management records. [9]
Historia
World War II
Initial training and reinforcement of combat theaters
The group was first activated as the 50th Pursuit Group at Selfridge Field, Michigan in January 1941. The group initially consisted of the 10th, 11th and 12th Pursuit Squadrons.[10][11][12][13] It trained with Vultee BT-13 Valiant trainers and second-line Seversky P-35 Guardsman fighters at Selfridge. Although stationed in the geographical region of the Northeast Air District, the group was assigned to the 22d Fighter Wing of the Southeast Air District,[10] located at Hunter Field, Georgia. In September, the group moved to the southeast and Key Field, Mississippi, where it equipped with Curtiss P-40 Warhawks.[14]
Shortly after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, the group's 11th Pursuit Squadron was dispatched to Elmendorf Field to reinforce the defenses of Alaska against Japanese attack, departing on 19 December.[14] The urgency of the need for reinforcements in Alaska was so great that the squadron was picked even though its pilots were untrained on the flight conditions they could expect to experience in Alaska. Two weeks elapsed before the planes reached the Sacramento Air Depot at McClellan Field, California for winterization, and at the end of the month when the 11th was reassigned, none of its planes had left McClellan.[12][15]
No sooner had the 11th been replaced by the newly activated 81st Pursuit Squadron in mid-January 1942,[16] than the 12th was moved to Christmas Island in the South Pacific Theater.[13] The group was brought up to full strength once again in February, when the 313th Pursuit Squadron was activated and assigned.[17] At Key Field, the group mission was initially the transition training of new graduates of advanced flying training schools in fighter aircraft.[10][14]
Training and operational testing
While at Key Field, the unit was reassigned to the Army Air Forces School of Applied Tactics's Fighter Command School and became the 50th Fighter Group (Special) as it added the mission of testing new equipment and developing air defense tactics to its training mission.[10]
Night fighter combat over the skies of England made the Army Air Forces aware of the need for night air defense training and tactics development. The Air Defense Operational Training Unit was established on 26 March. A few days later this was renamed the Interceptor Command School, then the Fighter Command School.[18] As part of its mission, the group furnished cadres to new night fighter squadrons and its 81st Fighter Squadron conducted night fighter training in Douglas P-70 Havocs.[19] The 81st was assigned the "daunting task" of training sufficient crews to man seventeen night fighter squadrons within twelve months, initially " [w]ith no trained instructor pilots or radar operators, no aircraft, no radar, and no communications equipment".[20] The original night fighter crews were recruited from 27 pilots from the group who were qualified to fly twin-engine aircraft. They attended transition training school at Williams Field, Arizona before returning to Florida.[21]
By the end of September, the Army Air Forces School of Applied Tactics Night Fighter Department was activated and the 81st Fighter Squadron was detached from the 50th Group and placed under the Department for training and operations.[20] In October 1942, the personnel and equipment of the 81st squadron provided the manpower and equipment for the newly formed 348th and 349th Night Fighter Squadrons, and the squadron was remanned.[14]
In late March 1943, the group moved to Orlando Army Air Base, Florida, where the Army Air Forces School of Applied Tactics was headquartered, although each of its squadrons was stationed at a different field of the school.[note 3] In Florida, the group added a fourth unit, the 445th Fighter Squadron, which was activated at Orlando.[22] The dispersed squadrons of the group often operated from unprepared airfields, testing the logistics needed to keep aircraft operating in a theater of operations.[23]
In January 1944, the group's squadrons returned to Orlando as the group began to prepare for its own deployment overseas. The group assumed the look of a typical three squadron fighter group in February when the 445th Squadron moved to Muroc Army Air Field, where it would become a Bell P-59 Airacomet jet fighter squadron, and the 50th Fighter Control Squadron was separated from the group and moved to the European Theater of Operations.[14][22] The group continued to teach during its preparations, using Republic P-47 Thunderbolts and North American P-51 Mustangs.[23] Simultaneously, the night fighter training program was transferred to Hammer Field, California.[24]
European Theater of Operations
The group departed for the European theater in the middle of March 1944, leaving its Mustangs behind and arriving at its first overseas station, RAF Lymington, in early April 1944 with only Thunderbolts.[23] At Lymington the group became part of IX Air Support Command and its squadrons were assigned fuselage codes T5 (10th), 2N (81st) and W3 (313th).[25] Lymington was a temporary airfield and a prototype for the type of temporary advanced landing grounds which would be built in France after D-Day, when the need for advanced landing fields would become urgent as the Allied forces moved east across France and Germany. Tents were used for billeting and also for support facilities; an access road was built to the existing road infrastructure; a dump for supplies, ammunition, and gasoline drums, along with a drinkable water and minimal electrical grid for communications and station lighting.[26]
The group began operations by making a fighter sweep over France on 1 May. It engaged primarily in escort and dive-bombing missions for the next month. The 50th covered the invasion beaches during Operation Overlord, the invasion of Normandy on 6 and 7 June, and moved to its first Advanced Landing Ground at Carentan, France on 25 June.[2]
Once established on the continent, the 50th attacked bridges, roads, vehicles, railways, trains, gun emplacements, and marshalling yards during the Normandy campaign. It bombed targets in the Saint-Lô region in July and supported the subsequent drive across France. The allied drive was so rapid that in September the group moved over 230 miles from Meautis Airfield in Normandy to Orly Airport, near Paris.[27] It spent only ten days near the City of Lights, however and by the end of the month was at Lyon-Bron Airport, where it was reassigned to XII Tactical Air Command, which had moved from the Mediterranean Theater of Operations following Operation Dragoon, the invasion of southern France.[2][28] The group assisted in stemming the German offensive in the Saar-Hardt area early in January 1945. The 50th engaged in the offensive that reduced the Colmar Pocket in January and February and supported the drive that breached the Siegfried Line and resulted in the movement of Allied forces into southern Germany in March and April.[2]
In early 1945, the group participated in Operation Clarion, attempting to cut as many rail lines as possible, operating primarily in the area near Strasbourg.[29] The 50th Fighter Group received a Distinguished Unit Citation for close cooperation with Seventh Army in March 1945 during the assault on the Siegfried Line. Despite the hazards of enemy opposition and difficult weather conditions, the group struck enemy defenses and isolated battle areas by destroying bridges, communications, supply areas, and ammunition dumps.[2] The 50th received a second Distinguished Unit Citation for a mission on 25 April 1945 when, despite intense flak the group destroyed or damaged many enemy aircraft on an airfield southeast of Munich.[2]
50th Fighter Group
Aerial Victories | Number | Note |
---|---|---|
Group Hq | 0 | |
10th Fighter Squadron | 11 | [30] |
81st Fighter Squadron | 26 | [31] |
313th Fighter Squadron | 14 | [32] |
Group Total | 51 |
The group ended operations at AAF Station Giebelstadt, Germany in May 1945, and returned to the United States in August. it was assigned to Second Air Force at La Junta Army Air Field, Colorado, where it was inactivated on 7 November 1945.[2]
Air Force Reserve
The May 1949 Air Force Reserve program called for a new type of unit, the Corollary unit, which was a reserve unit integrated with an active duty unit. It was viewed as the best method to train reservists by mixing them with an existing regular unit to perform duties alongside the regular unit.[33] As this plan was implemented, the 50th Fighter Group was reactivated on 1 June 1949, with the 81st Fighter Squadron as its only component.[10] The group was formed at Otis Air Force Base, Massachusetts, and was assigned to the newly activated 50th Fighter Wing under the Wing Base organization plan. The group was the corollary of the 33d Fighter Group of First Air Force.[3][34] It was originally equipped with the F-51 Mustang which, as the P-51, had formed part of the group's equipment prior to 1944.[34]
In January 1950, the group was redesignated 50th Fighter-Interceptor Group. Training activity included participating in portions of the 33rd Group's air defense missions and exercises. During the year, the group flew a mixture of North American T-6 Texans, Lockheed T-33 T-Birds, Republic F-84 Thunderjets and North American F-86 Sabres. The group was ordered to active service on 1 June 1951 due to the Korean War, and its personnel and equipment were reassigned as replacements to active duty units and the 50th group was inactivated the next day.[34]
Reactivation in the Regular Air Force
On 1 January 1953, the group became the 50th Fighter-Bomber Group and was reactivated as part of Tactical Air Command at Clovis Air Force Base, New Mexico. The 10th, 81st and 417th Fighter-Bomber Squadrons were assigned to the group.[note 6] For the third time, the group was equipped with the F-51 Mustang. These fighters along with their pilots, support personnel and other equipment were taken over from the 140th Fighter-Bomber Group of the Colorado Air National Guard, which was simultaneously released from active duty and returned to state control.[note 7][35][36]
The 140th had been training with Mustangs at Clovis for little over a year, but before long, the group replaced its Mustangs with jet-powered F-86F Sabres. The conversion to the Sabre continued through the spring and early summer of 1953, as crews and maintenance personnel became familiar the Sabre. Once training levels for pilots and ground crews had reached operational levels, the 50th began preparations for its move to Europe.[37]
The 50th deployed to Hahn on 10 August 1953, in a movement titled Operation Fox Able 20. The ground echelon of the wing sailed from Galveston, Texas, to Bremerhaven, West Germany aboard the USS General M. B. Stewart (AP-140). It traveled by rail to its new home at Hahn, arriving in August 1953.[37]
United States Air Forces in Europe
The original construction of Hahn Air Base had begun in 1951 by the French Forces of Occupation in Germany. Hahn was located in the French Zone of Occupation, but negotiations between the French and Americans had allowed for the stationing of American troops in the French Zone. Construction was completed by the Americans and by May 1953, Hahn was ready to receive a fighter wing.[38]
On Arriving at Hahn, the group participated in Exercise Monte Carlo, a staged combat employment drill to illustrate the capability of North Atlantic Treaty Organization air defense forces. During the brief operation, unit aircrews flew 124 simulated combat sorties, including 52 in one 4-hour period. United States Air Forces Europe (USAFE) initiated a training program in 1954 in which its units deployed to Wheelus Field, Libya, where better weather permitted more flying hours. 50th pilots spent six weeks at the Wheelus range near Tripoli to improve their air-to-air combat and ground attack skills. The F-86F crews of 50th scored higher in both the air-to-air and the air-to-ground events than any other unit assigned to Twelfth Air Force.[39]
By 1955, USAFE began an annual, command-wide aerial gunnery competition at the Wheelus ranges. During the first such event, held 30 July 1955, the pilots of 50th Group took top honors in the command. Three months later the group began modernizing its Sabre fleet. The first F-86H Sabre arrived at Hahn on 21 October 1955. Conversion continued throughout the winter of 1955 and spring of 1956, ending in May.[39]
New aircraft would not be the only change for the personnel of the 50th, however. With the conversion to the newer F-86H nearly complete, the 50th Fighter-Bomber Wing began a move to Toul-Rosières Air Base, France. The 50th Group's 417th Fighter-Bomber Squadron was the first squadron to relocate, moving to France on 15 April 1956.. The group and the 10th and 81st Squadrons joined the 417th in mid-July. The group was mission-ready at Toul by 1 August. Almost immediately, USAFE chose the 50th to represent the command at the Air Force Fighter Weapons Meet at Nellis Air Force Base, Nevada. The group's team was led by the commander of the 417th, Lt. Col. Chuck Yeager.[40]
The group continued training and participating in various air defense exercises until 8 December 1957, when the group's squadrons, were reassigned directly to the 50th Fighter-Bomber Wing, which converted to the dual deputy organization model, with a deputy wing commander for operations and staff replacing the group headquarters.[41]
Satellite operations
The group activated at Falcon Air Force Base on 30 January 1992, when it assumed the personnel of the 1002d Operations Group, which was simultaneously inactivated.[4] The 1st, 2d and 3d Satellite Control Squadrons were redesignated Space Operations Squadrons and assigned to the group from the 2d Space Wing as that wing inactivated.[42][43][44][45] A few months later, the 4th Space Operations Squadron was activated in April to operate the Milstar satellite system and in July, the 1000th Satellite Operations Group at Offutt Air Force Base, Nebraska, which had operated the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program since 1963 was reduced to squadron strength and assigned to the group as the 6th Space Operations Squadron.[46][47] Later that year, in November, the group's 3d Space Operations Squadron was called on to relocate a Defense Satellite Communications System craft from European orbit in order to provide coverage for Operation Restore Hope, the United Nations supervised operation to provide security for humanitarian efforts in Somalia.[48]
The group continued to add squadrons as it accepted responsibility for more satellite systems.[49] In November 1993, the group added a sixth squadron when the 5th Space Operations Squadron was activated at Onizuka Air Force Base and assigned to the group. The squadron was responsible for the Defense Satellite Communications II and NATO IV communications satellite systems.[10][50][51] These older systems were transferred to the 5th from the 3d Space Operations Squadron so that the 3d could concentrate on newer systems.[52] With the obsolescence of the two systems, the remaining Defense Satellite Communications System II was transferred to a commercial company and the 5th was inactivated in June 2000.[50][53]
On 30 September 1998 the group's 6th Space Operations Squadron was inactivated at Offutt as the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) was transferred to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. It was activated the next day in the Air Force Reserve to serve as a backup for the DMSP mission.[47][49]
In June 1999, the 750th Space Group at Onizuka Air Station, California was inactivated as some of its activities were transferred to Schreiver Air Force Base. Its three squadrons, the 21st, 22d, and 23d Space Operations Squadrons were assigned to the group.[53] In a realignment of the 50th Space Wing in March 2004, they were transferred to the 50th Network Operations Group.[54]
During the War in Iraq the group's squadrons provided surveillance and communications support for coalition forces and devised improvements for the GPS system to improve targeting accuracy in the theater.[53]
Linaje
- Constituted as the 50th Pursuit Group (Interceptor) on 20 November 1940
- Activated on 15 January 1941
- Redesignated: 50th Fighter Group on 15 May 1942
- Redesignated: 50th Fighter Group (Special) on 28 May 1942
- Redesignated: 50th Fighter Group (Single Engine) on 21 January 1944
- Inactivated on 7 November 1945
- Activated in the Reserve on 1 June 1949
- Redesignated 50th Fighter-Interceptor Group on 1 May 1950
- Ordered to active service on 1 June 1951
- Inactivated on 2 June 1951
- Redesignated 50th Fighter-Bomber Group on 15 November 1952
- Activated on 1 January 1953
- Inactivated on 8 December 1957
- Redesignated: 50th Tactical Fighter Group on 31 July 1985 (remained inactive)
- Redesignated: 50th Operations Group on 1 January 1992
- Activated on 30 January 1992 [55]
Assignments
|
|
Components
- Space Operations Squadrons
- 1st Space Operations Squadron: 30 January 1992 – present
- 2d Space Operations Squadron: 30 January 1992 – present
- 3d Space Operations Squadron: 30 January 1992 – present
- 4th Space Operations Squadron: 30 April 1992 – present
- 5th Space Operations Squadron: 22 November 1993 – 13 June 2000
- Onizuka Air Force Base, California [50]
- 6th Space Operations Squadron: 31 July 1992 – 30 September 1998
- Offutt Air Force Base, Nebraska [47]
- 21st Space Operations Squadron: 7 June 1999 – 10 March 2004
- Onizuka Air Force Base (later Onizuka Air Station), California [56]
- 22d Space Operations Squadron: 2 June 1999 – 10 March 2004
- 23d Space Operations Squadron: 3 June 1999 – 10 March 2004[55]
- New Boston Air Force Station, New Hampshire [57]
- Fighter Squadrons
- 10th Pursuit Squadron (later 10th Fighter, Squadron, 10th Fighter-Bomber Squadron): 15 January 1941 – 7 November 1945; 1 January 1953 – 3 December 1957
- 11th Pursuit Squadron: 15 January – 30 December 1941
- 12th Pursuit Squadron (later 12th Fighter Squadron): 15 January 1941 – 18 August 1942
- 81st Pursuit Squadron (later 81st Fighter Squadron, 81st Fighter-Interceptor Squadron, 81st Fighter-Bomber Squadron): 15 January 1941 – 7 November 1945; 20 June 1949 – 2 June 1951; 1 January 1953 – 8 December 1957
- 313th Pursuit Squadron (later 313th Fighter Squadron): 9 February 1942 – 7 November 1945
- 417th Fighter-Bomber Squadron: 1 January 1953 – 8 December 1957
- 445th Fighter Squadron: 24 February 1943 – 10 February 1944[55]
- Support Squadrons
- 50th Interceptor Control Squadron (later 50th Fighter Control Squadron), c. January 1942 – 10 February 1944[14]
- 50th Operations Support Squadron, 30 January 1992 – present[9]
Stations
|
|
Awards and campaigns
Award streamer | Award | Dates | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
Distinguished Unit Citation | 13 March 1945 – 20 March 1945 | 50th Fighter Group, European Theater[10] | |
Distinguished Unit Citation | 25 April 1945 | 50th Fighter Group, Germany[10] | |
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award | 1 October 1998 – 30 September 2000 | 50th Operations Group[10] | |
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award | 1 October 2000 – 1 October 2001 | 50th Operations Group[10] | |
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award | 1 October 2001 – 1 October 2002 | 50th Operations Group[10] | |
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award | 2 October 2002 – 2 October 2003 | 50th Operations Group[10] | |
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award | 1 October 2007 – 30 September 2009 | 50th Operations Group[10] | |
Cited in the Order of the Day, Belgian Army | 6 June 1944 – 30 September 1944 | 50th Fighter Group[10] |
Campaign/Service Streamer | Campaign | Dates | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
American Theater without inscription | 7 December 1941 – 13 March 1944 | 50th Fighter Group[10] | |
Air Offensive, Europe | 5 April 1944 – 5 June 1944 | 50th Fighter Group[10] | |
Normandy | 6 June 1944 – 24 July 1944 | 50th Fighter Group[10] | |
Northern France | 25 July 1944 – 14 September 1944 | 50th Fighter Group[10] | |
Rhineland | 15 September 1944 – 21 March 1945 | 50th Fighter Group[10] | |
Ardennes-Alsace | 16 December 1944 – 25 January 1945 | 50th Fighter Group[10] | |
Central Europe | 22 March 1944 – 21 May 1945 | 50th Fighter Group[10] |
Aircraft
- Vultee BT-13 Valiant, 1941–1942
- Seversky P-35 Guardsman, 1941–1942
- Curtiss P-36 Hawk, 1941[12]
- Bell P-39 Airacobra, 1941[19]
- Curtiss P-40 Warhawk, 1942–1943
- Republic P-47 Thunderbolt, 1943–1945
- North American P-51 Mustang, 1943–1944, 1951
- Douglas P-70 Havoc, 1942–1943[19]
- North American F-86 Sabre, 1953–1957[55][note 10]
Lista de comandantes
- Col Marvin G. Matthews, 30 January 1992 – 22 February 1993;[61]
- Col Gregory L. Gilles, 22 February 1993 – 16 June 1993
- Col William L. Shelton, 16 June 1993 – 14 July 1994
- Col Rodney P. Liesveld, 14 July 1994 – 17 May 1996
- Col Joseph Wysocki, 17 May 1996 – 3 June 1998
- Col Robert M. Worley II, 3 June 1998 – 16 June 2000
- Col Diann Latham, 16 June 2000 – 1 July 2002
- Col David W. Ziegler, 1 July 2002 – 21 June 2004
- Col J. Kevin McLaughlin, 21 June 2004 – 9 June 2006
- Col Clinton E. Crosier, 9 June 2006 – 15 July 2008
- Col Stanford K. Kekauoha, 15 July 2008 – 1 July 2010
- Col John E. Shaw, 1 July 2010 – 1 July 2010
- Col Tommy A. Roberts, 10 July 2012 – July 2014
- Col Dennis Bythewood, July 2014 – 27 June 2016
- Col Toby Doran, 27 June 2016 – 15 June 2018
- Col Laurel Walsh, 15 June 2018 – 16 June 2020
- Col Matthew E. Holston, 16 June 2020 – 24 July 2020
Ver también
- List of United States Air Force Groups
- List of F-86 Sabre units
Referencias
- Notes
- ^ The group uses the wing emblem with the group designation in the scroll. Robertson, AFHRA Factsheet, 50 Operations Group.
- ^ Emblem approved for the wing. Robertson, AFHRA Factsheet, 50 Space Wing.
- ^ The 10th was at Zephyrhills Army Air Field, the 81st at Cross City Army Air Field, the 313th at Keystone Army Air Field and the 445th at Orlando, all in Florida. Saunders, p. 2.
- ^ Aircraft is P-47D Thunderbolt 42-25904
- ^ December 1944. The red nose was the Mediterranean Theater of Operations recognition marking for aircraft of the 1st Tactical Air Force, to which the 50th was assigned during the last seven months of the European Campaign.
- ^ Although the 417th was not one of the 50th's original units, the squadron had been stationed with the group at AAF Giebelstadt, Germany, during the final days of World War II.
- ^ The 50th's squadrons similarly replaced squadrons of the Colorado, Utah and Wyoming Air National Guard.
- ^ Aircraft are F-86F-30-NA Sabres. Serial 52-4656 leading.
- ^ Aircraft is North American F-86H-10-NH Sabre Serial 53-1418
- ^ In addition to the listed aircraft, the group's 445th Squadron operated at least 16 different types of planes in 1943 and 1944 in performing its operational test mission. Maurer, Combat Squadrons., p. 551; Saunders, p. 2.
- Citations
- ^ https://www.spaceforce.mil/News/Article/2287005/space-force-begins-transition-into-field-organizational-structure
- ^ a b c d e f g h Maurer, Combat Units, pp. 110–111
- ^ a b Ravenstein, pp. 81–82
- ^ a b c d "Factsheet: 50th Operations Group". 50th Space Wing Public Affairs. 17 April 2015. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
- ^ "Factsheets:Detachment 1, 50th Operations Group". 50th Space Wing Public Affairs. 25 November 2013. Archived from the original on 10 September 2015. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
- ^ "Factsheets:2nd Space Operations Squadron". 50th Space Wing Public Affairs. 15 August 2013. Archived from the original on 11 June 2011. Retrieved 1 January 2015.
- ^ "Factsheets:3rd Space Operations Squadron". 50th Space Wing Public Affairs. 16 April 2015. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
- ^ "Factsheets:4th Space Operations Squadron". 50th Space Wing Public Affairs. 21 August 2015. Archived from the original on 28 April 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
- ^ a b "Factsheets:50th Operations Support Squadron". 50th Space Wing Public Affairs. 16 April 2015. Archived from the original on 27 June 2015. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Robertson, Patsy (20 November 2008). "Factsheet 50 Operations Group (AFSPC)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
- ^ Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 56–57
- ^ a b c Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 61–62
- ^ a b Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 65–66
- ^ a b c d e f "Abstract, History 50 Fighter Group 15 Jan 1941-8 Mar 1944". Air Force History Index. Retrieved 2 May 2012.
- ^ Goss, p. 303
- ^ Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 283–285
- ^ Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 380–381
- ^ Goss, p. 275
- ^ a b c Saunders, p. 1
- ^ a b MacFarland, p. 17
- ^ MacFarland, p. 18
- ^ a b Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 551
- ^ a b c Saunders, p. 2
- ^ MacFarland, p. 20
- ^ Watkins, pp. 22–23
- ^ Freeman[page needed]
- ^ Saunders, p. 3
- ^ Maurer, Combat Units, p. 430
- ^ "Abstract, History 50 Fighter Group Feb 1945". Air Force History Index. Retrieved 17 January 2015.
- ^ Newton & Senning, p. 533
- ^ Newton & Senning, pp. 574–575
- ^ Newton & Senning, p. 594
- ^ Cantwell, p. 73
- ^ a b c Saunders, pp. 4–5
- ^ Saunders, p. 6
- ^ Mueller, p. 61
- ^ a b Saunders, pp. 6–7
- ^ Saunders, pp. 5–6
- ^ a b Saunders, p. 8
- ^ Saunders, p. 9
- ^ Saunders, p. 10
- ^ Saunders, p. 29
- ^ Robertson, Patsy (6 September 2012). "Factsheet 1 Space Operations Squadron (AFSPC)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
- ^ Robertson, Patsy (29 January 2015). "Factsheet 2 Space Operations Squadron (AFSPC)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
- ^ Robertson, Patsy (6 September 2012). "Factsheet 3 Space Operations Squadron (AFSPC)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
- ^ Robertson, Patsy (1 December 2008). "Factsheet 4 Space Operations Squadron (AFSPC)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
- ^ a b c Kane, Robert B. (27 December 2010). "Factsheet 6 Space Operations Squadron (AFRC)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
- ^ Saunders, p. 31
- ^ a b Saunders, p. 32
- ^ a b c Robertson, Patsy (26 February 2008). "Factsheet 5 Expeditionary Space Operations Squadron (AFSPC)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
- ^ "5th Space Operations Squadron (5 SOPS)". GlobalSecurity.com. Retrieved 16 January 2015.
- ^ "The Outer Space Connection: Space Command". Retrieved 16 January 2015.
- ^ a b c Saunders, p. 33
- ^ Saunders, p. 35
- ^ a b c d e f Lineage, including assignments, components, stations and aircraft in Robertson, AFHRA 50th Operations Group Factsheet, except as noted. Stations are given for units not stationed with group headquarters.
- ^ "Factsheet 21 Space Operations Squadron". Air Force Historical Research Agency. 6 September 2012. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
- ^ "Factsheet 23rd Space Operations Squadron". 50th Space Wing Public Affairs. 16 April 2015. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
- ^ Station number in Anderson
- ^ a b c d e f g Station numbers in Johnson
- ^ Robertson, Patsy (20 November 2008). "Factsheet 50 Space Wing (AFSPC)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Archived from the original on 5 April 2014.
- ^ https://www.afhra.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/862144/50-network-operations-group-afspc/
Bibliography
This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency website http://www.afhra.af.mil/.
- Anderson, Capt. Barry (1985). Army Air Forces Stations: A Guide to the Stations Where U.S. Army Air Forces Personnel Served in the United Kingdom During World War II (PDF). Maxwell AFB, AL: Research Division, USAF Historical Research Center. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
- Cantwell, Gerald T. (1997). Citizen Airmen: a History of the Air Force Reserve, 1946–1994. Washington, D.C.: Air Force History and Museums Program. ISBN 0-16049-269-6. Retrieved 1 October 2014.
- Freeman, Roger A. (1994). UK Airfields of the Ninth: Then and Now. Harlow, England: After the Battle. ISBN 978-0-900913-80-8.
- Goss, William A. (1948). "Tactical Demands, Chapter 8 Air Defense of the Western Hemisphere". In Craven, Wesley F; Cate, James L (eds.). The Army Air Forces in World War II. Vol. I, Plans and Early Operations. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. LCCN 48003657. OCLC 704158.
|volume=
has extra text (help) - Johnson, 1st Lt. David C. (1988). U.S. Army Air Forces Continental Airfields (ETO) D-Day to V-E Day (PDF). Maxwell AFB, AL: Research Division, USAF Historical Research Center. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 September 2015.
- MacFarland, Stephen L. (1997). Conquering the Night: Army Air Forces Night Fighters at War (PDF). Air Force History and Museums Program. Washington DC: Air Force Office of History. ISBN 978-0160496-72-1. Retrieved 11 January 2015.
- Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1983) [1961]. Air Force Combat Units of World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-02-1. LCCN 61060979.
- Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1982) [1969]. Combat Squadrons of the Air Force, World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-405-12194-6. LCCN 70605402. OCLC 72556.
- Mueller, Robert (1989). Air Force Bases, Vol. I, Active Air Force Bases Within the United States of America on 17 September 1982 (PDF). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-53-6.
- Newton, Wesley P., Jr. and Senning, Calvin F., (1963) USAF Credits for the Destruction of Enemy Aircraft, World War II, USAF Historical Study No. 85
- Ravenstein, Charles A. (1984). Air Force Combat Wings, Lineage & Honors Histories 1947–1977. Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-12-9.
- Saunders, Randolph J. (2013). Master of the Sky to Master of Space: A Brief History of the 50th Space Wing (PDF). Schreiver AFB. CO: 50th Space Wing History Office. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
- Watkins, Robert (2008). Battle Colors. Vol III Insignia and Markings of the Ninth Air Force in World War II. Atglen, PA: Shiffer Publishing Ltd. ISBN 978-0-7643-2938-8.
|volume=
has extra text (help)
enlaces externos
- Tilton, Dave. "Those were the days! The 50th Fighter-Bomber Wing". F-86 Sabre Pilots Association.