Coordenadas : 53 ° 4′N 0 ° 11′W / 53.067 ° N 0.183 ° W
Lincolnshire (abreviado Lincs. ) Es un condado en East Midlands de Inglaterra , con una larga costa en el Mar del Norte al este. Limita con Norfolk al sureste, Cambridgeshire al sur, Rutland al suroeste, Leicestershire y Nottinghamshire al oeste, South Yorkshire al noroeste y East Riding de Yorkshire al norte. También limita con Northamptonshire en el sur por solo 20 yardas (19 m), el límite de condado más corto de Inglaterra. [2] Elciudad del condado es la ciudad de Lincoln , donde el consejo del condado tiene su sede.
Lincolnshire | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Escudo de armas | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lema (s): Tierra y dios | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Estado soberano | Reino Unido | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
País constituyente | Inglaterra | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Región | East Midlands Yorkshire y Humber ( North Lincolnshire y North East Lincolnshire ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Zona horaria | UTC ± 00: 00 ( hora media de Greenwich ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
• Verano ( DST ) | UTC + 01:00 ( horario de verano británico ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Miembros del Parlamento |
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El condado ceremonial de Lincolnshire consiste en el condado no metropolitano de Lincolnshire y el área cubierta por las autoridades unitarias de North Lincolnshire y North East Lincolnshire . Parte del condado ceremonial se encuentra en Yorkshire y la región de Humber de Inglaterra , y la mayor parte se encuentra en la región de East Midlands . El condado es el segundo más grande de los condados ceremoniales ingleses y uno que es predominantemente agrícola en el uso de la tierra. El condado es el cuarto más grande de los condados de dos niveles, ya que las autoridades unitarias de North Lincolnshire y North East Lincolnshire no están incluidas.
El condado tiene varias subregiones geográficas, incluidas las onduladas colinas de tiza de Lincolnshire Wolds . En el sureste se encuentran Lincolnshire Fens (sureste de Lincolnshire), Carrs (similar a Fens pero en el norte de Lincolnshire), el estuario industrial de Humber y la costa del Mar del Norte alrededor de Grimsby y Scunthorpe , y en el suroeste de la condado, las tierras altas de Kesteven, colinas de piedra caliza en el distrito de South Kesteven .
Historia
Durante la época prerromana, la mayor parte de Lincolnshire estaba habitada por la gente de Corieltauvi . El idioma de la zona en ese momento habría sido Common Brittonic , el precursor del galés moderno. El nombre Lincoln se deriva de Lindum Colonia .
Un gran número de hablantes de germánico de Europa continental se asentaron en la región tras la retirada de los romanos. Aunque posteriormente se los identificó como anglos , es poco probable que hayan emigrado como parte de un grupo tribal organizado. [3] [4] Por lo tanto, el idioma principal de la región se convirtió rápidamente en inglés antiguo . Sin embargo, es posible que el Brittonic se siguiera hablando en algunas comunidades hasta el siglo VIII. [5]
El Lincolnshire moderno se deriva de la fusión del territorio del Reino de Lindsey con el controlado por el distrito de Stamford en Danelaw . Durante algún tiempo, todo el condado se llamó "Lindsey", y está registrado como tal en el Domesday Book del siglo XI . Más tarde, el nombre de Lindsey se aplicó al núcleo norte, alrededor de Lincoln. Esto surgió como una de las tres partes de Lincolnshire , junto con las partes de Holanda en el sureste y las partes de Kesteven en el suroeste, cada una de las cuales tenía sesiones trimestrales separadas como administraciones del condado.
En 1888, cuando se establecieron los consejos de condado , Lindsey, Holland y Kesteven recibieron cada uno por separado. Estos sobrevivieron hasta 1974, cuando Holanda, Kesteven y la mayor parte de Lindsey se unificaron en Lincolnshire. La parte norte de Lindsey, incluido el municipio municipal de Scunthorpe y el municipio del condado de Grimsby , se incorporó al condado no metropolitano recién formado de Humberside , junto con la mayor parte del East Riding de Yorkshire .
Una reforma del gobierno local en 1996 abolió Humberside. La tierra al sur del estuario de Humber se asignó a las autoridades unitarias de North Lincolnshire y North East Lincolnshire . Estas dos áreas se convirtieron en parte de Lincolnshire con fines ceremoniales, como Lord-Lieutenancy , pero no están cubiertas por la policía de Lincolnshire; están en Yorkshire y la región de Humber .
Los distritos restantes de Lincolnshire son Boston , East Lindsey , Lincoln, North Kesteven , South Holland , South Kesteven y West Lindsey . Son parte de la región de East Midlands .
El área fue sacudida por el terremoto de Lincolnshire del 27 de febrero de 2008 , alcanzando entre 4,7 y 5,3 en la escala de magnitud de Richter ; fue uno de los terremotos más grandes que afectó a Gran Bretaña en los últimos años.
Lincolnshire es el hogar de Woolsthorpe Manor , lugar de nacimiento y hogar de Sir Isaac Newton . Asistió a The King's School, Grantham . Su biblioteca ha conservado su firma, tallada en el alféizar de una ventana cuando era joven.
Casa Belton
Tocón de Boston
Antiguo salón de Gainsborough
Mansión Harlaxton
Normanby Hall
Castillo de Tattershall
Abadía de Thornton
Iglesia de St James, Louth
Geografía y ecología
Roca madre en Lincolnshire cuenta con Jurásico piedra caliza (cerca de Lincoln) y Cretácico tiza (noreste). El área alrededor de Woodhall Spa y Kirkby on Bain está dominada por grava y arena. [6] Durante gran parte de la prehistoria, Lincolnshire estuvo bajo mares tropicales, y la mayoría de los fósiles encontrados en el condado son invertebrados marinos. También se han encontrado vertebrados marinos, incluidos ictiosaurios y plesiosaurios . [7] [8]
El punto más alto de Lincolnshire es Wolds Top (168 m, 551 pies), en Normanby le Wold . [9] Algunas partes de los pantanos pueden estar por debajo del nivel del mar. Las montañas más cercanas están en Derbyshire.
Los ríos más grandes de Lincolnshire son el Trent , que corre hacia el norte desde Staffordshire hasta el borde occidental del condado hasta el estuario de Humber , y el Witham , que comienza en Lincolnshire en South Witham y recorre 132 km (82 millas) a través de la mitad del río. condado, finalmente desembocando en el Mar del Norte en The Wash . El estuario de Humber, en la frontera norte de Lincolnshire, también es alimentado por el río Ouse . The Wash es también la desembocadura del Welland , el Nene y el Great Ouse .
La geografía de Lincolnshire es bastante variada, pero consta de varias áreas distintas:
- Lincolnshire Wolds : área de colinas en el noreste del condado designada como área de excepcional belleza natural
- Los pantanos : dominando el barrio sureste del condado
- Las marismas: recorre la costa del condado
- The Lincoln Edge o Cliff: acantilado de piedra caliza que se extiende de norte a sur a lo largo de la mitad occidental del condado
Las reservas naturales más conocidas de Lincolnshire incluyen la Reserva Natural Nacional Gibraltar Point, la Reserva Natural Local del Parque Natural Whisby , la Reserva Natural Nacional Donna Nook , RSPB Frampton Marsh y la Reserva Natural Nacional Humberhead Peatlands . Aunque el campo de Lincolnshire se cultiva intensamente, hay muchas áreas de humedales con biodiversidad [ cita requerida ] , así como raros bosques de tilo . Gran parte del condado fue una vez pantanos húmedos (ver The Fens ).
A partir de los huesos, podemos decir que las especies animales que se encontraban anteriormente en Lincolnshire incluyen el mamut lanudo , el rinoceronte lanudo , el caballo salvaje , el lobo , el jabalí y el castor . [10] [11] Las especies que han regresado recientemente a Lincolnshire después de la extirpación incluyen la garceta común , la espátula euroasiática , la nutria europea y el milano real . [12] [13]
Economía
Este es un gráfico de la tendencia del valor agregado bruto regional de Lincolnshire a precios básicos actuales publicado (págs. 240–253) por la Oficina de Estadísticas Nacionales con cifras en millones de libras esterlinas.
Año | Valor agregado bruto regional (millones de libras esterlinas) | Agricultura [a] | Industria [b] | Servicios [c] |
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1995 | 5.719 | 657 | 1,769 | 3,292 |
2000 | 6.512 | 452 | 2,046 | 4.013 |
2003 | 8.419 | 518 | 2.518 | 5.383 |
- a incluye caza y silvicultura
- b incluye energía y construcción
- c incluye servicios de intermediación financiera medidos indirectamente
Las empresas notables con sede en Lincolnshire incluyen Lincs FM Group , Young's Seafood , Openfield y Lincolnshire Co-operative (cuya membresía incluye aproximadamente una cuarta parte de la población del condado).
Agricultura
Lincolnshire ha sido durante mucho tiempo un área principalmente agrícola y continúa cultivando grandes cantidades de trigo , cebada , remolacha azucarera y colza . En el sur de Lincolnshire, donde el suelo es particularmente rico en nutrientes, algunos de los cultivos más comunes incluyen papas , coles , coliflores y cebollas . Los agricultores de Lincolnshire a menudo rompen récords mundiales de rendimiento de cultivos. [14] [15] South Lincolnshire también alberga una de las principales estaciones experimentales agrícolas del Reino Unido , ubicada en Sutton Bridge y operada por el Potato Council ; Sutton Bridge Crop Storage Research se dedica a la investigación para la industria británica de la papa. [dieciséis]
El Lincoln Longwool es una especie rara de ovejas, el nombre de la región, que fue desarrollado tanto para la lana de cordero, por lo menos hace 500 años, y tiene el vellón más largo de cualquier raza ovina. [17] El Lincoln Red es una antigua raza de ganado vacuno, originaria del condado. A mediados del siglo XX, la mayoría de las granjas en Lincolnshire se alejaron de la agricultura mixta para especializarse en cultivos herbáceos, en parte debido a las importaciones baratas de lana, en parte para aprovechar las eficiencias de escala y en parte porque la tierra más seca en el lado este de Inglaterra es particularmente adecuada. para cultivos herbáceos.
La mecanización alrededor de 1900 disminuyó en gran medida el número de trabajadores necesarios para operar las granjas relativamente grandes del condado, y la proporción de trabajadores en el sector agrícola disminuyó sustancialmente durante este período. Varias empresas de ingeniería importantes se desarrollaron en Lincoln, Gainsborough y Grantham para respaldar esos cambios. Entre ellos se encontraba Fosters of Lincoln , que construyó el primer tanque , y Richard Hornsby & Sons of Grantham. La mayoría de estas empresas industriales se marcharon durante la reestructuración de finales del siglo XX.
Hoy en día, los trabajadores inmigrantes , principalmente de los nuevos estados miembros de la Unión Europea en Europa Central y Oriental, constituyen un gran componente de la mano de obra agrícola estacional, particularmente en el sur del condado. Aquí se producen cultivos más intensivos en mano de obra, como hortalizas pequeñas y flores cortadas. Esta afluencia estacional de mano de obra migrante ocasionalmente causa tensión entre la fuerza laboral migrante y la población local, en un condado que no estaba acostumbrado a la inmigración a gran escala. La capacitación agrícola se brinda en Riseholme College y en 2016 la Universidad de Lincoln abrió el Instituto Lincoln de Tecnología Agroalimentaria.
Política
Elecciones
Distritos electorales parlamentarios de Westminster
Lincolnshire está representado por 11 miembros del Parlamento (MP). A partir de las elecciones generales de 2019 , los 11 distritos electorales están representados por el Partido Conservador . Una circunscripción, Brigg y Goole , contiene parte del East Riding de Yorkshire alrededor de las ciudades de Goole y Snaith .
Elecciones generales de 2019: Lincolnshire | ||||||
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Conservador | Labor | Demócrata liberal | Verde | Otros | Apagar | |
348.325 (66,0%) 34,217 | 120.808 (22,9%) 54.307 | 35.049 (6,6%) 16.645 | 10.564 (2,0%) 4.532 | 13.271 (2,5%) 7.870 | 528,006 9.266 |
Cantidad total de asientos a partir de 2019 | |||||
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Conservador | Labor | Demócrata liberal | Verde | Otros | |
11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Distritos electorales parlamentarios | |||
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Distrito electoral | Distrito | MP | Fiesta |
Boston y Skegness | Boston , este de Lindsey | Matt Warman | Conservador |
Brigg y Goole | North Lincolnshire (más parte en East Riding of Yorkshire ) | Andrew Percy | Conservador |
Cleethorpes | Noreste de Lincolnshire , Norte de Lincolnshire | Martin Vickers | Conservador |
Gainsborough | West Lindsey , Este de Lindsey | Edward Leigh | Conservador |
Grantham y Stamford | South Kesteven | Gareth Davies | Conservador |
Gran Grimsby | Noreste de Lincolnshire | Lia Nici | Conservador |
Lincoln | Lincoln , North Kesteven | Karl McCartney | Conservador |
Louth y Horncastle | East Lindsey | Victoria Atkins | Conservador |
Scunthorpe | North Lincolnshire | Holly Mumby-Croft | Conservador |
Sleaford y North Hykeham | North Kesteven, South Kesteven | Caroline Johnson | Conservador |
Holanda Meridional y Las Profundidades | Holanda Meridional , Kesteven del Sur | John Henry Hayes | Conservador |
Consejo del condado de Lincolnshire
Los conservadores controlan el consejo del condado, con 58 de los 70 escaños. North Lincolnshire y North East Lincolnshire son autoridades unitarias y no forman parte del condado no metropolitano de Lincolnshire.
Elecciones de 2009
El Partido Conservador controló cómodamente la Diputación Provincial después de las elecciones locales de 2009 , en las que aumentó su mayoría a 43 escaños. El Partido Laborista perdió un total de 15 escaños, 7 de ellos en Lincoln, mientras que los Demócratas Liberales perdieron tres. Los independientes de Lincolnshire ganaron un total de cuatro escaños, aunque uno de ellos se trasladó al grupo conservador durante 2010, aumentando el número de escaños conservadores a 61. El grupo colectivo de los independientes de Lincolnshire, el Boston Bypass Party y otros consejeros independientes formaron el oposición por el mandato de cuatro años.
Elecciones de 2013
En las elecciones del consejo del condado de 2013 , los conservadores perdieron su mayoría general y formaron una coalición con los liberales demócratas e independientes. El Partido de la Independencia del Reino Unido obtuvo ganancias significativas de los conservadores, particularmente en la ciudad de Boston , debido a la oposición a la inmigración de Europa del Este. [18]
UKIP fue inicialmente el principal partido de oposición con 16 concejales, pero seis miembros se separaron para formar un grupo separado, UKIP Lincolnshire. [19]
Elecciones de 2017
Las elecciones del Consejo del Condado de Lincolnshire de 2017 se llevaron a cabo el 4 de mayo de 2017 y vieron una victoria aplastante para los conservadores, que obtuvieron 58 de los 70 escaños. UKIP se quedó sin un solo asiento. Los laboristas perdieron cuatro escaños, reduciendo su número de escaños a seis, los demócratas liberales se redujeron a un escaño y los independientes de Lincolnshire también se redujeron a un solo escaño después de perder ocho escaños. Fueron elegidos otros cuatro independientes.
Referéndums
Referéndum de adhesión a la CE de 1975
El referéndum de membresía de la CE de 1975 fue el primer referéndum importante que se celebró en el condado, y tuvo una de las mayores votaciones a favor de la continuación de la membresía de las entonces Comunidades Europeas (que luego se convertirían en la Unión Europea ) dentro de Lincolnshire no metropolitana y también Humberside , que luego incluía partes del norte del histórico Lincolnshire. El referéndum se celebró el 5 de junio de 1975 y los votos dentro del condado se contabilizaron centralmente de conformidad con las disposiciones de la Ley de referéndum de 1975, en la que se pidió a los votantes que decidieran sobre la pregunta "¿Cree que el Reino Unido debería permanecer en la Comunidad Europea (el Common Mercado)?" votando por "Sí" o "No". El resultado se declaró al día siguiente.
1975 Reino Unido Referéndum de pertenencia a las Comunidades Europeas (Mercado Común) Lincolnshire no metropolitano | |||
Elección | Votos | % | |
---|---|---|---|
sí | 180,603 | 74,75% | |
No | 61,011 | 25,25% | |
Votos válidos | 241,614 | 99,82% | |
Votos inválidos o en blanco | 445 | 0,18% | |
Total de votos | 242,059 | 100,00% | |
Votantes registrados y participación | 370,518 | 63,70% |
Sí: 180.603 (74,7%) | No: 61.011 (25,3%) | ||
▲ |
- El resultado anterior solo incluye Lincolnshire no metropolitano, ya que partes del histórico norte de Lincolnshire formaban parte de Humberside en ese momento.
condado | Si votos | Sin votos | sí | No | Apagar |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Humberside | 257,826 | 122,199 | 67,8% | 32,2% | 62,4% |
Referéndum AV 2011
El referéndum de votación alternativa del Reino Unido de 2011 fue el primero que se celebró en Lincolnshire desde el referéndum de miembros de la CE de 1975 y fue la segunda vez que se pidió a la gente de Lincolnshire que votara en un referéndum. El referéndum preguntó a los votantes si reemplazar el actual sistema " first-past-the-post " (pluralidad simple) con el método de " voto alternativo " (AV) para elegir a los diputados a la Cámara de los Comunes en futuras elecciones generales. La propuesta de introducir AV fue rechazada abrumadoramente por los votantes y las ocho áreas de conteo dentro de Lincolnshire arrojaron importantes votos "no".
Referéndum de voto alternativo del Reino Unido, 2011 Lincolnshire | |||
Elección | Votos | % | |
---|---|---|---|
No | 232,034 | 75,19% | |
sí | 76,570 | 24,81% | |
Votos válidos | 308,604 | 99,49% | |
Votos inválidos o en blanco | 1,593 | 0,51% | |
Total de votos | 310,197 | 100,00% | |
Votantes registrados y participación | 722,210 | 40,17% |
Sí: 76.570 (24,8%) | No: 232.034 (75,2%) | ||
▲ |
- El resultado anterior incluye todas las áreas dentro del histórico Lincolnshire
Los siete distritos de condado y dos autoridades unitarias en Lincolnshire se utilizaron como áreas de votación.
Contando áreas | Apagar % | Sin votos | Si votos | No % | Sí % |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bostón | 39,58 | 13,337 | 3.958 | 77.11 | 22,89 |
East Lindsey | 42,60 | 34,045 | 10,571 | 76,31 | 23,69 |
Lincoln | 36,68 | 16,099 | 6,951 | 69,84 | 30.16 |
Noreste de Lincolnshire | 34,23 | 29,484 | 9.549 | 75,54 | 24,46 |
North Lincolnshire | 39,57 | 36,031 | 12,542 | 74,18 | 25,82 |
North Kesteven | 42,95 | 27,397 | 7,926 | 77,56 | 22.44 |
Holanda Meridional | 39,83 | 20,542 | 5.603 | 78,57 | 21.43 |
South Kesteven | 42,63 | 32,217 | 11,247 | 74.12 | 25,88 |
West Lindsey | 43,70 | 22,882 | 8.223 | 73,56 | 26,44 |
Referéndum de adhesión a la UE de 2016
El 23 de junio de 2016, en el referéndum de la UE , el pueblo de Lincolnshire votó por segunda vez sobre la cuestión de la permanencia del Reino Unido como miembro de lo que ahora se conoce como la Unión Europea en virtud de las disposiciones de la Ley de Referéndum de la Unión Europea de 2015, en la que se pidió a los votantes para decidir sobre la cuestión “¿Debería el Reino Unido seguir siendo miembro de la Unión Europea o abandonar la Unión Europea?” votando por “Permanecer como miembro de la Unión Europea” o “Abandonar la Unión Europea”. De los diez diputados que representaban al condado histórico en ese momento, seis diputados Andrew Percy , Martin Vickers , Edward Leigh , Karl McCartney , Stephen Phillips y John Hayes apoyaron una votación de "Salida" con cinco diputados Matt Warman , Nick Boles , Victoria Atkins , Melanie Onn y Nic Dakin apoyaron un voto de "Permanecer". [20]
United Kingdom European Union membership referendum, 2016 Lincolnshire | |||
Choice | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|
Leave the European Union | 380,556 | 65.98% | |
Remain a member of the European Union | 196,184 | 34.02% | |
Valid votes | 576,740 | 99.95% | |
Invalid or blank votes | 308 | 0.05% | |
Total votes | 595,954 | 100.00% | |
Registered voters and turnout | 780,761 | 73.91% |
Leave: 380,556 (66%) | Remain: 196,184 (34%) | ||
▲ |
- The result above includes all areas within historic Lincolnshire
The seven shire-districts and two unitary authorities in Lincolnshire were used as the voting areas.
Voting areas | Turnout % | Remain votes | Leave votes | Remain % | Leave % |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Boston | 77.2% | 7,430 | 22,974 | 24.4% | 75.6% |
East Lindsey | 74.9% | 23,515 | 56,613 | 29.3% | 70.7% |
Lincoln | 69.3% | 18,902 | 24,992 | 43.1% | 57.0% |
North East Lincolnshire | 67.9% | 23,797 | 55,185 | 30.1% | 69.9% |
North Lincolnshire | 71.9% | 29,947 | 58,915 | 33.7% | 66.3% |
North Kesteven | 78.4% | 25,570 | 42,183 | 37.7% | 62.3% |
South Holland | 75.3% | 13,074 | 36,423 | 26.4% | 73.6% |
South Kesteven | 78.2% | 33,047 | 49,424 | 40.1% | 60.0% |
West Lindsey | 74.5% | 20,906 | 33,847 | 38.2% | 61.8% |
Police and Crime Commissioners
The most recent elections for Police and Crime Commissioners within the Lincolnshire and Humberside police force areas took place on 5 May 2016.
Lincolnshire Police
Lincolnshire Police and Crime Commissioner election, 2016 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | 1st round | 2nd round | First round votes Transfer votes | ||||
Total | Of round | Transfers | Total | Of round | ||||
Conservative | Marc Jones | 39,441 | 35.22% | 8,592 | 48,033 | | ||
UKIP | Victoria Ayling | 28,583 | 25.52% | 8,837 | 37,420 | | ||
Labour | Lucinda Preston | 25,475 | 22.75% | | ||||
Lincolnshire Independent | Daniel Simpson | 18,497 | 16.52% | | ||||
Turnout | 111,996 | 20.70% | ||||||
Conservative gain from Independent |
Humberside Police
Humberside Police and Crime Commissioner election, 2016 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | 1st round | 2nd round | First round votes Transfer votes | ||||
Total | Of round | Transfers | Total | Of round | ||||
Labour | Keith Hunter | 62,010 | 40.31% | 14,118 | 76,128 | | ||
Conservative | Matthew Grove | 40,925 | 26.61% | 10,832 | 51,757 | | ||
UKIP | Michael Whitehead | 27,434 | 17.84% | | ||||
Liberal Democrats | Denis Healy | 23,451 | 15.25% | | ||||
Turnout | 153,820 | 22.10% | ||||||
Rejected ballots | ||||||||
Total votes | ||||||||
Registered electors | ||||||||
Labour gain from Conservative |
Servicios y retail
According to an Intra-governmental Group on Geographic Information (IGGI) study in 2000,[21] the town centres were ranked by area thus (including North Lincolnshire and North East Lincolnshire areas):
- Lincoln
- Grantham
- Grimsby
- Boston and Scunthorpe (equal)
- Spalding
- Stamford
- Skegness
- Louth
- Sleaford
- Gainsborough
- Brigg
- Cleethorpes
- Bourne
- Horncastle and Mablethorpe (equal)
Servicios públicos
Education
Lincolnshire is one of the few counties in the UK that still uses the 11-plus to decide who may attend grammar school. As a result, many towns in Lincolnshire have both a grammar school and a secondary modern school. Lincolnshire's rural character means that some larger villages also have primary schools and are served by buses to nearby high schools.
Lincoln itself, however, is primarily non-selective, as is the area within a radius of about seven miles. In this area, almost all children attend comprehensive schools, though it is still possible to opt into the 11-plus system. This gives rise to the unusual result that those who pass the Eleven plus can attend a Grammar School outside the Lincoln Comprehensive area, but those who do not pass still attend a (partly non-selective) Comprehensive school.
Transport
Being on the economic periphery of England, Lincolnshire's transport links are poorly developed compared with many other parts of the United Kingdom. The road network in the county is dominated by single carriageway A roads and local roads (B roads) as opposed to motorways and dual carriageways – the administrative county of Lincolnshire is one of the few UK counties without a motorway, and until several years ago, it was said that there was only about 35 km (22 mi) of dual carriageway in the whole of Lincolnshire. The M180 motorway passes through North Lincolnshire, splitting into two dual carriageway trunk roads to the Humber Bridge and Grimsby, and the A46 is now dual carriageway between Newark-on-Trent and Lincoln.
The low population density of the county means that the number of railway stations and train services is very low considering the county's large area. Many of the county's railway stations were permanently closed following the Beeching Report of 1963. The most notable reopening has been the line and two stations between Lincoln and Sleaford, which reopened within months of the Beeching closure. Most other closed lines in the county were long ago lifted and much of the trackbed has returned to agricultural use.
Prior to 1970, a through train service operated between Cleethorpes and London King's Cross via Louth, Boston and Peterborough. The part of this line in Grimsby is now the A16 road, preventing reinstatement as a railway line, and a small section of the line is now the Lincolnshire Wolds Railway, with an extension towards Louth in progress.
A daily through train service operated between Cleethorpes and London King's Cross via Grimsby, Market Rasen and Lincoln Central until the late 1980s. The Humberlincs Executive, as the service was known, was operated by an InterCity 125, but was discontinued following the electrification of the East Coast Main Line. Passengers now have to change trains at Newark North Gate when travelling to and from London. However, the East Coast Main Line passes through the western edge of the county and one can catch direct trains to London from Grantham.
Most rail services are currently operated by East Midlands Railway and Northern Trains. London North Eastern Railway and CrossCountry have services which pass through the county, with London North Eastern Railway frequently passing and stopping at Grantham on the East Coast Main Line and a serviceevery other our to Lincoln, while CrossCountry trains stop at Stamford on their way between Birmingham and Stansted Airport. Stations along the Humber are served by TransPennine Express services between Manchester Airport and Cleethorpes. One of the most infrequent services in the UK is in Lincolnshire: the Sheffield-Gainsborough Central-Cleethorpes line has passenger trains only on a Saturday, with three trains in both directions. This line is, however, used for freight.
On 22 May 2011 East Coast started a Lincoln-London service, initially one train a day each way, and there is a northbound service on a Sunday. This was increased in 2019 to a service every two hours. East Midlands Railway also run a daily (Mon-Sat) service each way between Lincoln and London St Pancras, though this is a stopping service which takes around three hours via Nottingham, compared to London North Eastern Railway's service to London King's Cross which takes around 1 hour 50 minutes.
The only airport in Lincolnshire is Humberside Airport, near Brigg. East Midlands Airport the main airport servicing the East Midlands is within travelling distance of the county. Doncaster Sheffield Airport near Doncaster is within travelling distance of much of Lincolnshire.
The county's biggest bus companies are Stagecoach Grimsby-Cleethorpes (formerly Grimsby-Cleethorpes Transport) and Stagecoach in Lincolnshire, (formerly Lincolnshire Road Car). There are several smaller bus companies, including Brylaine of Boston, Delaine Buses and Hornsby's of Scunthorpe.[22]
A Sustrans cycle route runs from Lincoln to Boston in the south of the county.[23]
Health care
The United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust[24] is one of the largest trusts in the country, employing almost 4,000 staff and with an annual budget of over £200 million. The north of the county is served by the Northern Lincolnshire and Goole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust.
Some of the larger hospitals in the county include:
- Diana Princess of Wales Hospital, Grimsby
- Scunthorpe General Hospital
- Boston Pilgrim Hospital
- Lincoln County Hospital
Since April 1994, Lincolnshire has had an Air Ambulance service.[25] The air ambulance is stationed at RAF Waddington near Lincoln and can reach emergencies in Lincolnshire within 25 minutes. An A&E hospital is only 10 minutes away by helicopter from any accident in Lincolnshire.
Drainage
Separately to the commercial water companies the low-lying parts of the county are drained by various internal drainage boards, such as the Black Sluice Internal Drainage Board,Witham 4th District IDB, Lindsey Marsh Drainage Board, or the Welland and Deepings Internal Drainage Board.[26]
Housing
Lincolnshire is now the second fastest growing county in the UK with thousands of people moving there every year. Over the next two decades, Lincolnshire is set to grow both in population and economy with the help of the Government's Growth Points strategy. Lincolnshire has been awarded £13 million in funding to deliver sustainable development and intensive growth through sites of key regional significance. In essence, the target for Lincoln is 14,000 new homes and 12,000 new jobs by 2026 whilst the target for Grantham is an additional 3,200 homes by 2016 and at least 6,200 by 2026. This housing growth will be supported by the provision for 4,800 jobs by 2016.
Pueblos y aldeas
The non-metropolitan county of Lincolnshire has no major urban areas, apart from the areas in and around Lincoln, Grantham and Boston and to a lesser degree around Spalding. However, the Skegness, Ingoldmells and Chapel St Leonards areas (and to a lesser extent the Sutton-on-Sea and Mablethorpe areas) along the Lincolnshire coast are becoming increasingly urbanised, as people holiday at large caravan sites during the summer. These holidaymakers are not reflected in census or local population figures, though it is estimated that at the height of the summer months there are over 100,000 such residents in these coastal areas. This has an appreciable impact on the local infrastructure and amenities.
A small part of the Thorne Waste area of the town of Thorne in South Yorkshire, known as the Yorkshire Triangle, currently falls under North Lincolnshire.[27][28]
Largest settlements in Lincolnshire by population | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | City/ Town | District/Unitary Authority | Population (2011 est.) | |||
1 | Lincoln | Lincoln | 119,541 | |||
2 | Grimsby | North East Lincolnshire | 88,243 | |||
3 | Scunthorpe | North Lincolnshire | 79,977 | |||
4 | Grantham | South Kesteven | 41,998 | |||
5 | Boston | Boston | 41,340 | |||
6 | Cleethorpes | North East Lincolnshire | 39,505 | |||
7 | Spalding | South Holland | 31,588 | |||
8 | Skegness | East Lindsey | 24,876 | |||
9 | Gainsborough | West Lindsey | 20,842 | |||
10 | Stamford | South Kesteven | 19,701 |
For a more detailed list of the largest populated towns see the List of settlements in Lincolnshire by population page.
For a full list of Lincolnshire towns and villages see the List of places in Lincolnshire page.
Turismo
The majority of tourism in Lincolnshire relies on the coastal resorts and towns to the east of the Lincolnshire Wolds. The county has some of the best-known seaside resorts in the United Kingdom, which are a major attraction to visitors from across England, especially the East Midlands and parts of Yorkshire. There are three main coastal resorts in Lincolnshire and several smaller village resorts.
The main county seaside resort of Skegness with its famous Jolly Fisherman mascot and famous slogan "Skegness is so bracing", together with its neighbouring large village coastal resorts of Ingoldmells and Chapel St Leonards, provides the biggest concentration of resorts along the Lincolnshire Coast, with many large caravan and holiday sites. The resort offers many amusements, beaches, leisure activities and shops, as well as Butlins Skegness, Fantasy Island, Church Farm Museum, Natureland Seal Sanctuary, Skegness Stadium, Skegness Pier and several well-known local golf courses. There are good road, bus and rail links to the rest of the county.
The second largest group of resorts along the coast is the small seaside town of Mablethorpe, famous for its golden sands, and the neighbouring village resorts of Trusthorpe and Sutton-on-Sea. This area also offers leisure activities and has large caravan and holiday sites. But the area is less developed, with fewer amusement arcades and nightclubs, and poorer road links to the rest of the county; but the area offers a more traditional seaside setting. The rail service to these towns was axed in the Beeching cuts.
The third group of resorts includes the seaside town of Cleethorpes and the large village resort of Humberston within North East Lincolnshire. It has the Cleethorpes Coast Light Railway and Cleethorpes Pier along with its local golf courses and caravan and holiday sites, whilst it is also the former site of Pleasure Island Family Theme Park. Cleethorpes is well-served by road and rail; it is easily accessible from the M180 and the TransPennine Express route to Manchester.
Nature is an attraction for many tourists: the south-east of the county is mainly fenland that attracts many species of birds, as do the national nature reserves at Gibraltar Point, Saltfleetby-Theddlethorpe and Donna Nook, which also contains a large grey seal colony which is popular with visitors.
The market towns of the Lincolnshire Wolds (Louth, Alford, Horncastle, Caistor and Spilsby) are also attractive, with several having historically important buildings, such as Alford Manor House and Bolingbroke Castle. The Wolds are popular for cycling and walking, with regular events such as the Lincolnshire Wolds Walking Festival.
Cultura
Lincolnshire is a rural area where the pace of life is generally much slower than in much of the United Kingdom. Sunday is still largely a day of rest, with only shops in Lincoln, larger market towns, and resorts and industrial towns of the North Sea coast generally remaining open. Some towns and villages in the county still observe half-day closing on Thursdays. Due to the large distances between the towns, many villages have remained very self-contained, with many still having shops, pubs, local halls and local chapels and churches, offering a variety of social activities for residents. Fishing (in the extensive river and drainage system in the fens) and shooting are popular activities. A lot of the culture in Lincoln itself is based upon its history. The Collection is an archaeological museum and art gallery in Lincoln. Lincoln Cathedral also plays a large part in Lincoln's culture, playing host to many events throughout the year, from concert recitals to indoor food markets.
A Lincolnshire tradition was that front doors were used for only three things: a new baby, a bride, and a coffin.[30]
People
Lincolnshire is one of the least ethnically diverse counties of the United Kingdom (98.5% of the population describe themselves as "white").[31]
Those born in Lincolnshire are sometimes given the nickname of Yellowbellies (often spelt "Yeller Bellies", to reflect the pronunciation of the phrase by the typical Lincolnshire farmer). The origin of this term is debated, but is most commonly believed to derive from the uniform of the 10th Regiment of Foot (later the Lincolnshire Regiment) which featured yellow facings. For this reason, the coat of arms of Lincolnshire County Council is supported by two officers of the regiment.[32]
Notable people
The following list of notable people associated with Lincolnshire is arranged chronologically by date of birth.
Born before 1701
- Guthlac of Crowland (674–715), Christian saint
- Æthelhard (8th century-805), Archbishop of Canterbury
- Hereward the Wake (c.1035-c.1072), Anglo-Saxon nobleman
- Lucy of Bolingbroke (1074–1136), countess of Chester
- Gilbert of Sempringham (c.1085–1190), Saint and Founder of the Gilbertine Order
- Aaron of Lincoln (c.1125–1186), financier
- Hugh of Lincoln (1135/40-1200), Bishop of Lincoln
- Stephen Langton (c.1150–1228), Archbishop of Canterbury
- Nicolaa de la Haye (c.1150–1230), landowner and administrator
- Robert Grosseteste (c.1175–1253), Bishop of Lincoln
- Berechiah de Nicole (c.1210-c.1270), Tosafist
- Eleanor of Castile (1241–1290), wife of Edward I
- Little Saint Hugh of Lincoln (1246–1255), blood libel victim
- Katherine Swynford (c.1350–1403), third wife of John of Gaunt
- Henry IV of England (1367–1413), King of England
- Richard Foxe (1458–1528), bishop and founder of Corpus Christi College, Oxford
- John Taverner (c1490-1545), composer and organist
- John Whitgift (c.1503–1604), Archbishop of Canterbury
- John Foxe (c.1516–1587), author of Foxe's Book of Martyrs
- William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley (1520–1598), Chief Advisor to Queen Elizabeth I
- Anne Askew (1521–1546), Protestant martyr
- William Byrd (1539–1623), composer
- John Smyth (c.1554-c.1612), founder of the Baptist denomination
- Robert Tighe (1562–1620), cleric and linguist
- Francis Meres (1565/1566-1647), churchman and author
- Captain John Smith (1580–1631), leader of the settlement of Jamestown, Virginia
- John Cotton (1585–1652), clergyman
- Anne Bradstreet (1612–1672), poet
- John Leverett (1616-1678/79), penultimate governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony
- Simon Patrick (1626–1707), English theologian and bishop
- Sir Isaac Newton (1642–1726), mathematician and physicist
- John Harrison (1693–1776), chronometer innovator
- William Stukeley (1687–1765), antiquarian
Born 1701–1850
- John (1703–1791) and Charles Wesley (1707–1788), founders of the Methodist movement
- Benjamin Huntsman (1704–1776), inventor of crucible steel
- Thomas Paine (1737–1809), political activist and philosopher
- Joseph Banks (1743–1820), botanist and naturalist
- Samuel Eyles Pierce (1746–1829), preacher and theologian
- Thomas Scott (1747–1821), Bible commentator and co-founder of the Church Missionary Society
- George Bass (1771-c.1803), explorer of Australia
- Matthew Flinders (1774–1814), navigator and cartographer
- Richard Watson (1781–1833), theologian and Methodist writer
- George Davenport (1783–1845), sailor and frontiersman
- Peter De Wint (1784–1849), landscape painter
- Pishey Thompson (1784–1862), publisher and antiquarian writer
- Sir John Franklin (1786–1847), Arctic explorer
- Andreas Kalvos (1792–1869), poet
- Christopher Wordsworth (1807–1885), Bishop of Lincoln
- Alfred Lord Tennyson (1809–1892), poet
- Herbert Ingram (1811–1860), journalist
- Lady Charlotte Guest (1812–1895), businesswoman and Welsh language translator
- George Boole (1815–1864), mathematician
- William Marwood (1818–1883), hangman
- Jean Ingelow (1820–1897), poet
- Charles Frederick Worth (1825–1895), fashion designer
- Edward King (1829–1910), Bishop of Lincoln
- Charlotte Alington Barnard (1830–1869), ballad composer and hymn writer
- Joseph Ruston (1835–1897), engineer and manufacturer
- Arnold Rylott (1839–1914), cricketer for Marylebone Cricket Club
- George Green (Medal of Honor) (1840–1898), Medal of Honor recipient
- Gonville Bromhead (1845–1891), Victoria Cross recipient
- Madge Kendal (1848–1935), actress
Born 1851–1950
- Ethel Rudkin (1893–1985), folklorist and archaeologist
- Sarah Swift (1854–1937), Royal College of Nursing founder
- Frank Bramley (1857–1915), artist
- Adrian Woodruffe-Peacock (1858–1922), clergyman and ecologist
- William Robertson (1860–1933), Field Marshal
- Halford Mackinder (1861–1947), geographer
- Thomas Colclough Watson (1867–1917), Victoria Cross recipient
- Cyril Bland (1872–1950), cricketer
- William Tritton (1875–1946), tank developer
- Frank Pick (1878–1941), railway administrator
- Sybil Thorndike (1882–1976), actress
- Alfred Piccaver (1884–1958), tenor
- Arthur Lucan (1885–1954), part of the music hall act Old Mother Riley
- Frank Airey (1887–?), footballer
- Harold Jackson (VC) (1892–1918), Victoria Cross recipient
- Charles Richard Sharpe (1889–1963), Victoria Cross recipient
- Francis Hill (1899–1980), historian
- Frank Whittle (1907–1996), RAF officer
- John George Haigh (1909–1949), serial killer
- Douglas Bader (1910–1982), RAF flying ace
- James Cobban (1910–1999), educator and headmaster
- Chad Varah (1911–2007), priest and "The Samaritans" founder
- Ted Savage (1912–1964), footballer
- Guy Gibson (1918–1944), bomber pilot and Victoria Cross recipient
- Steve Race (1921–2009), musician and broadcaster
- Liz Smith (1921–2016), actress
- Leslie Manser (1922–1942), bomber pilot and Victoria Cross recipient
- Brian Tierney (1922–2019), historian
- Nicholas Parsons (1923–2020), radio and TV presenter
- Neville Marriner (1924–2016), violinist and conductor
- Margaret Thatcher (1925–2013), former Prime Minister
- Elizabeth Jennings (1926–2001), poet
- Brenda Fisher (born 1927), swimmer
- Joan Plowright (born 1929), actress
- Jeff Hall (1929–1959), footballer
- Colin Dexter (1930–2017), crime writer
- Bill Podmore (1931–1994), television producer
- Neil McCarthy (1932–1985), actor
- Frank Sargeant (born 1932), retired Anglican bishop
- Mervyn Winfield (1932–2014), cricketer
- Bernard Codd (1934–2013), motorcycle road racer
- Victor Emery (1934–2002), physicist
- Mike Pinner (born 1934), football goalkeeper
- Bruce Barrymore Halpenny (born 1937), military historian and author
- Roy Axe (1937–2010), car designer
- Barry Spikings (born 1939), Hollywood producer
- Ted Lewis (1940–1982), crime writer
- John Alderton (born 1940), actor
- Alec Brader (MBE) (born 1942) professional footballer, schoolteacher and youth athletics coach
- Graham Oates (born 1943), footballer
- John Hargreaves (born 1944), cricketer
- Tony Jacklin (born 1944), golfer
- Roger Scruton (1944–2020)
- Robert Wyatt (born 1945), musician
- Patricia Hodge (born 1946), actress
- Iain Matthews (born 1946), singer-songwriter and musician
- Philip Priestley (born 1946), former British diplomat
- Richard Budge (1947–2016), coal mining entrepreneur
- Ray Clemence (born 1948), football goalkeeper
- Jim Broadbent (born 1949), actor
- Geoff Capes (born 1949), shotputter
- Rod Temperton (1949–2016), songwriter
Born 1951 onwards
- Bernie Taupin (born 1950), songwriter
- Brian Bolland (born 1951), comics artist
- David Ward (born 1953), former Member of Parliament (MP)
- Michael Foale (born 1957), astronaut
- Jennifer Saunders (born 1958), actress and comedian
- Chris Woods (born 1959), football goalkeeper
- Lee Chapman (born 1959), footballer
- Simon Garner (born 1959), footballer
- John Cridland (born 1961), former Director-General of the Confederation of British Industry (CBI); Chair of Transport for the North (TfN)
- Bill Dunham (born 1961), former Deputy Commandant General of the Royal Marines
- Jonathan Van-Tam (born 1964), specialist in influenza, currently Deputy Chief Medical Officer for England
- Helen Fospero (born 1966), newsreader and journalist
- Antonio Berardi (born 1968), fashion designer
- Beverley Allitt (born 1968), serial killer
- Samantha Cameron (born 1971), businesswoman and wife of the former Prime Minister David Cameron
- Rae Earl (born 1971), author
- Jane Taylor (born 1972), singer and musician
- Robert Webb (born 1972), actor, comedian and writer
- Jonathan Kerrigan (born 1972), actor
- Paul Palmer (born 1974), swimmer
- Abi Titmuss (born 1976), poker player and glamour model
- Steve Housham (born 1976), footballer and manager
- Danny Butterfield (born 1979), footballer
- Colin Furze (born 1979), inventor and YouTube personality
- Kelly Adams (born 1979), actress
- Sheridan Smith (born 1981), actress
- Paul Mayo (born 1981), footballer
- Guy Martin (born 1981), motorcycle racer and television presenter
- Carl Hudson (born 1983), musician
- Oliver Ryan (born 1985), footballer
- Luke Wright (born 1985), cricketer
- Lee Frecklington (born 1985), footballer
- Kate Haywood (born 1987), swimmer
- Sam Clucas (born 1990), footballer
- Scott Williams (born 1990), darts player
- Thomas Turgoose (born 1992), actor
- Eliza Butterworth (born 1993), actress
- Patrick Bamford (born 1993), footballer
- Ella Henderson (born 1996), singer and songwriter
- Holly Humberstone (born 1999), singer and songwriter
- Ellis Chapman (born 2001), footballer
Local dialect
In common with most other Northern and Midlands dialects in England, "flat" a is preferred, i.e. /bæθ/ over /bɑːθ/, and also traditionally in words like water, pronounced /ˈwætər/ watter (though such a pronunciation is rarely heard nowadays). Similarly, /ʌ/ is usually replaced by /ʊ/. Features rather more confined to Lincolnshire include:
- Elaboration of standard English /eɪ/ or /iː/ into a complex triphthong approximating, and often transcribed -air- or -yair-. For example: "mate" [m(j)ɛːət]; "beast" [b(j)ɛːəst]; "tates" (potatoes) [t(j)ɛːəts].
- An equivalent elaboration of standard English /oʊ/ – commonly [oː] in Northern England – into -ooa-. For example, "boat" [bʊːət].
- Insertion of an extra schwa into the standard English diphthong /aʊ/.
- Vocabulary: "duck" as a term of endearment or informal address, "mardy" meaning upset or angry, "mowt" (pronounced like mout) for might, "while" as a substitute for standard English "until", "frit" meaning frightened, "grufty" meaning dirty or disgusting, and the inimitable salutation "now then!?" (hello), sometimes written nairn to reflect pronunciation.
- In the north-east of the county, around Grimsby and Immingham, the nurse-square merger can be heard, as is also the case along the east coast of Yorkshire and also in Liverpool. Words that take /ɜː/ in RP take /ɛː/ in these areas.
Lincolnshire has its own dialect "champion", a farmer from the village of Minting called Farmer Wink (real name Robert Carlton), who has produced videos about rural life, narrated in his broad Lincolnshire accent. A resident of Woodhall Spa has published a dictionary of words once prevalent in parts of the county.[33]
Music
Lincolnshire was historically associated with the Lincolnshire bagpipe, an instrument derided as a coarse and unpleasant instrument in contemporary literature, but noted as very popular in the county. The last player, John Hunsley of Middle Manton,[34] died in 1851,[35] and since then the instrument has been extinct.
In 1937, Percy Grainger wrote his Lincolnshire Posy for wind band. The piece is a compilation of folk songs "musical wildflowers" collected by the composer in and around the county of Lincolnshire.[36]
Food
Lincolnshire has a number of local dishes:
- Stuffed chine – this is salted neck-chine of a pig taken from between the shoulder blades, salted for up to ten months and stuffed with parsley (other ingredients are normally kept secret), and served cold.[37]
- Haslet – a type of pork loaf, also flavoured with sage (pronounced HAYSS-let or AYSS-let in Lincolnshire but HAZ-let in many other parts of the country).[37]
- Lincolnshire sausages – most butchers in Lincolnshire have their own secret recipe for these and a competition is held each year to judge the best sausages in the county. Traditional Lincolnshire sausages are made entirely from minced pork, stale bread crumb (rusk is used nowadays) pepper, sage and salt. The skins should be natural casings which are made from the intestines of either sheep or pig.
- Pork pies – the same pork butchers will take a pride in their unique recipe for pork pies.
- Giblet pie.[37]
- Mutton stuffed with oysters.[37]
- Plum bread – as with plum pudding, plum refers to dried fruit, namely currants, raisins and sultanas, sometimes soaked in tea.
- Grantham Gingerbread – a hard white ginger biscuit.
- Lincolnshire Poacher cheese – a cheddar-style cheese produced in Alford. Lincolnshire Poacher has won numerous awards over the years including Supreme Champion at the 1996/7 British Cheese Awards and Best British Cheese at the World Cheese awards in 2001/2.
- Batemans ales – a beer brewed in Wainfleet and served in many pubs in the county and further afield.
- There are several small breweries.
- Grimsby is renowned for its fishing industry, and historically Grimsby Fish has carried a premium price. Since the decline of the fishing industry following entry to the European Economic Community in the 1970s this is no longer the case, with the majority of fish sold at the town's fish market being brought overland from other ports. However, Grimsby Fish is still a recognised product, one associated with a particular area that specialises in and has expertise in a particular trade (cf Sheffield steel). In 2009 smoked fish from the town was granted Protected Geographical Indication by the European Union, reflecting the unique smoking methods used by certain local fish companies.[38]
Craft Chocolatiers can be found throughout[39][40][41] the county, such as Hansens[42] in Folkingham.[43] In 2013 Redstar Chocolate's Duffy's Venezuela Ocumare Milk won a Gold medal as best bean-to-bar.[44][45] The factory is in Cleethorpes.[46]
Events
Every year the Lincolnshire Agricultural Society, founded in 1869, stages the Lincolnshire Agricultural Show.[47] It is held on the Wednesday and Thursday of the last whole week of June at its showground at Grange de Lings, a few miles north of Lincoln on the A15. The show was first held here in 1958. First held around the year 1884, it is one of the largest agricultural shows in the country, and is attended by around 100,000 people over its two days. The showground is in regular use throughout the year for a wide range of other events and functions.
Smaller local agricultural shows, such as the Heckington Show[48] can still be found. Corby Glen sheep fair[49] has been held since 1238.
Each year RAF Waddington is the home to the RAF International Waddington Air Show. The two-day event attracts around 150,000 people and usually takes place during the first weekend of July. Since its inception over 35 countries have participated, with aircraft from around the globe attending the Lincolnshire Base. Beginning 2017, the event will be held at nearby RAF Scampton.
On the Monday before Easter, an unusual auction takes place in Bourne to let the grazing rights of the Whitebread Meadow.[51] Bidding takes place while two boys race toward the Queen's Bridge in Eastgate, the end of which dash is equivalent to the falling of the gavel. The whole affair dates back to the 1742 will of William Clay.
The Haxey Hood village competition takes place every January, as it has for over 700 years.
Stamford's Mid-Lent fair sees showmen converge on the town the week after Mothering Sunday, with rides and sideshows filling Broad Street, the Sheepmarket and the Meadows for a week. Stalls selling Grantham gingerbread and nougat are a traditional feature. The following week sees them in Grantham, on the way north for the Summer. Roger Tuby brings a small funfair to Bourne and then to Spalding in Spring and returns in Autumn at the end of the season.
The villages of Tetford and Salmonby hold an annual Scarecrow Festival in May every year.
The Belchford Downhill Challenge which is held every two years: soapbox racers race down the hill at up to 30 km/h. The turnout has been up to 1,000.
In recent years Lincoln Christmas Market, a street market throughout the historic area of the city, has been held at the start of December. Around the same time, Christmas lights are turned on in Bourne, Sleaford, Skegness, and other towns.
Throughout the summer the Stamford Shakespeare Company[52] presents the Bard's plays in the open-air theatre at Tolethorpe Hall, which is actually in Rutland.
The Spalding Flower Parade was held in late spring every year between 1959 and 2013. Colourful floats decorated with tulip heads competed for a cup.[53]
Sport
The main sports played in the county are football, cricket and rugby union. Lincolnshire does not have a high sporting profile, mainly due to the lack of facilities and high-profile football teams. Probably the most well-known sporting venues in Lincolnshire are Cadwell Park near Louth, where a round of the British Motorbike Championship is held on the last Monday of August every year and the racecourse at Market Rasen
- Three teams from Lincolnshire play in the Football League: Lincoln City play in Football League One, While Scunthorpe United and Grimsby Town play in Football League Two. In non-league football Boston United and Gainsborough Trinity play in the Football Conference North.
- In cricket Lincolnshire are a minor county and play in the Minor Counties Championship.[54]
- In hockey Lindum Hockey Club play in the north of Lincoln.
- Scunthorpe Rugby Club are the most notable rugby union team from Lincolnshire, and will play in the fifth level of the English league system in the 2017–18 season. Other notable teams include Market Rasen and Louth RUFC, Lincoln RFC, and Boston Rugby Club.
- Lincolnshire is home to one racecourse, at Market Rasen.
- Cadwell Park is the only motor-racing course in Lincolnshire. There is a speedway track in Scunthorpe, home of the Scunthorpe Scorpions, and stock-car racing at a stadium at Orby, near Skegness.
- Lincolnshire has an American Football club, the Lincolnshire Bombers, which has existed in its current guise since 2005.
- Lincolnshire is home to the UK roller derby team, the Lincolnshire Bombers Roller Girls, which is sponsored by Motörhead.[55]
Symbols
The unofficial anthem of the county is the traditional folk song, "The Lincolnshire Poacher", which dates from around 1776. A version of the song was the theme for BBC Radio Lincolnshire for many years.
According to a 2002 marketing campaign by the charity Plantlife, the county flower of Lincolnshire is the common dog-violet.
In August 2005, BBC Radio Lincolnshire and Lincolnshire Life magazine launched a vote for a flag of Lincolnshire to represent the county. Six competing designs were voted upon by locals and the winning submission was unveiled in October 2005.[56][57] Lincoln has its own flag – St George's flag with a Fleur-de-Lys.
The Lincoln Imp has symbolised cathedral, city and county for many years.[58][59] In 2006 it was replaced as the brand of Lincolnshire County Council by the stylised version seen on the header here [2] which has lost even the unique pose of the carving.
Medios de comunicación
Press
The county is home to one daily newspaper, the Grimsby Telegraph which as the name suggests, is published in the town and whose circulation area ostensibly covers North East Lincolnshire, although it reaches as far south as Louth and Alford and as west as Brigg.
There are two further weekly papers which used to be published daily until 2011; the Lincolnshire Echo is published weekly from Lincoln and covers the majority of the county reaching as far north as Louth, and the Scunthorpe Telegraph which covers northern Lincolnshire. All three are ultimately owned by the Daily Mail and General Trust.
There are also a number of weekly papers serving individual towns published in the county by Johnston Press. One of these, the Stamford Mercury claims to be Britain's oldest newspaper, although it is now a typical local weekly and no longer covers stories from the whole East Midlands as the archived copies did.
Television
With the exception of a small area to the south-west of the county,[60] Lincolnshire is served from the Belmont transmitter,[61] receiving programmes from ITV Yorkshire and BBC One Yorkshire and Lincolnshire regions.
The BBC has, since 2003, provided the area with its twelfth regional service: BBC Yorkshire and Lincolnshire, carrying a local "Look North" news programme from the main studio in Hull, with input from other studios in Lincoln and Grimsby.
ITV Yorkshire provides coverage through its evening news programme "Calendar". Until late 2008 the station provided a separate edition for the Belmont transmitter (although it was still broadcast from Leeds). From January 2009 the area is now covered by a programme that covers the entire ITV Yorkshire region.
From 1959 to July 1974 ITV programmes were provided by Anglia Television (although some coverage could be received from the Manchester-based Granada and ABC Weekend). Based in Norwich the company had news offices in Grimsby.[62] Following a transmitter change ITV services were provided by Yorkshire Television. This company kept open the offices in Grimsby and opened further facilities in Lincoln, although both of these closed in the mid-1990s.
South-west Lincolnshire receives BBC East Midlands and ITV Central which are broadcast from the Waltham-on-the-Wolds Transmitting Station. Although subject to co-channel interference from the Waltham transmitter, a small number of households in the southern tip of the county[63] are able to receive regional programming from BBC East and ITV Anglia.
Many villages just west of the Lincoln Edge cannot get a signal from Belmont due to shadowing and instead get their TV from Emley Moor near Huddersfield.
Radio
The area is covered by several local radio stations including:
- Lincoln City Radio The only radio station dedicated to the over-50's in the City of Lincoln and the surrounding villages.[citation needed]
- BBC Lincolnshire Can be heard throughout historic Lincolnshire although its broadcast remit is the present county of Lincolnshire
- BBC Radio Humberside The counties of northern Lincolnshire that were formerly known as South Humberside
- Boundary Sound Newark (closed 2011)
- Compass FM Grimsby, Cleethorpes and Immingham
- Heart Peterborough and South Lincolnshire
- Lincs FM Historic Lincolnshire
- Gravity FM Grantham
- Siren FM Lincoln
- Endeavour FM (formerly Stump Radio) Boston
- Endeavour Radio Boston
- Tulip Radio Spalding and South Holland
- Viking FM Northern Lincolnshire and the East Yorkshire, formerly the constituent areas of Humberside
Militar
Air
Because of its flat geography and low population density, Lincolnshire is an ideal place for airfields, and the Air Ministry built prolifically with the county hosting nearly seventy separate air bases. It became known as "bomber county".[64] Since the end of the Second World War most of these airfields or stations were decommissioned, but the RAF retains a significant footprint in Lincolnshire for the air defence of the United Kingdom and aircrew training. For more information on former bases, see List of former RAF stations.
Two major front-line bases located in Lincolnshire are RAF Coningsby, which is one of only two RAF Quick Reaction Alert (QRA) Stations in the United Kingdom and home to the Eurofighter Typhoon jet fighters, and RAF Waddington, where most of the RAF's Intelligence, Surveillance, Target Acquisition and Reconnaissance aircraft are based. Other stations in Lincolnshire include RAF Cranwell, home to all Air Force Basic Officer Training for the Royal Air Force; RAF Scampton, home base to the Red Arrows Aerobatic Team and former base of the Avro Vulcan nuclear strike V bomber-force; RAF Barkston Heath, a training airfield; and minor bases such as RAF Kirton in Lindsey, RAF Donna Nook and RAF Digby.
Lincolnshire is also home to two active RAF and NATO-allied air weapons training bombing ranges, located along The Wash and north Lincolnshire coastline—RAF Holbeach active since 1926 (originally part of the former RAF Sutton Bridge station) and Donna Nook. The RAF Wainfleet range was decommissioned in 2010.
Army
The Army runs Sobraon Barracks, home of 160 (Lincoln) Squadron, Royal Logistic Corps (RLC), as well as Prince William of Gloucester Barracks, Grantham, home to the national specialist logistics units. In November 2016 the Ministry of Defence announced that the Grantham site would close in 2020.[65]
Lugares de interés
Key | |
Abbey/Priory/Cathedral | |
Accessible open space | |
Amusement/Theme Park | |
Castle | |
Country Park | |
English Heritage | |
Forestry Commission | |
Heritage railway | |
Historic House | |
Mosques | |
Museum (free/not free) | |
National Trust | |
Theatre | |
Zoo |
- Alford Manor House
- Alford Windmill
- Alkborough Turf Maze
- Ayscoughfee Hall
- Bardney Limewoods
- Baldocks Mill
- Belmont Mast (No longer the tallest construction in the European Union)[66]
- Belton House
- Bolingbroke Castle
- Boston Stump
- Bourne Abbey
- Boultham Park
- Branston Hall
- Burghley House
- Church Farm Museum, Skegness
- Crowland Abbey
- Cogglesford Mill
- Dambusters Inn and Heritage Centre
- Doddington Hall
- Dogdyke Engine
- Donna Nook
- Dunston Pillar
- East Lighthouse, Sutton Bridge
- Ellis Mill (windmill)
- Fantasy Island, Ingoldmells
- Gainsborough Old Hall
- Gainsthorpe Deserted Medieval Village
- Gibraltar Point
- Gordon Boswell Romany Museum
- Grantham Museum
- Grimsby Dock Tower
- Grimsthorpe Castle
- Gunby Hall
- Hartsholme Country Park
- Harlaxton Manor
- Heckington Windmill
- Hubbard's Hills, Louth
- Kesteven Forest
- Lincoln Arboretum
- Lincoln Castle
- Lincoln Cathedral
- Lincolnshire Aviation Heritage Centre
- Lincolnshire's coastal grazing marshes
- Lincolnshire Wolds Railway
- LNER Class A4 4468 Mallard, 126MPH Sign, Essendine
- Maud Foster Windmill, Skirbeck, Boston
- Metheringham Windmill
- Mount Pleasant Mill, Kirton in Lindsey
- Mrs Smith's Cottage, Navenby
- National Fishing Heritage Centre
- Natureland Seal Sanctuary
- New Theatre Royal Lincoln
- Normanby Hall
- Pelham's Pillar
- Pinchbeck Engine and museum of land drainage
- River Ancholme
- Snipe Dales
- St. James Church, Louth
- St. Peter's Church, Barton upon Humber
- Sibsey Trader Mill
- Somerton Castle
- Stamford Museum
- Stow Minster
- Tattershall Castle
- Tattershall College
- The Collection (The Usher Art Gallery)
- The Humber Bridge
- Lincolnshire Wolds
- Museum of Lincolnshire Life
- The South Common, Lincoln
- The Wash
- The West Common, Lincoln
- Thornton Abbey
- Waltham Windmill
- Whisby Nature Park
- Woolsthorpe Manor
Ver también
- Outline of England
- Custos Rotulorum of Lincolnshire – List of Keepers of the Rolls for Lincolnshire
- Earl of Lincoln is a title that has been created eight times in the Peerage of England and is currently represented.
- High Sheriff of Lincolnshire
- Lincolnshire (UK Parliament constituency) List of MPs for the Lincolnshire constituency
- Lincs Wind Farm
- Lists
- List of bridges and viaducts in Lincolnshire
- List of churches in Lincolnshire
- List of civil parishes in Lincolnshire
- List of companies in Lincolnshire – Both current and former
- List of forests and woodland in Lincolnshire
- List of monastic houses in Lincolnshire
- List of museums in Lincolnshire
- List of Parliamentary constituencies in Lincolnshire
- List of places in Lincolnshire
- List of public art in Lincolnshire
- List of Roman sites in Lincolnshire
- List of schools in Lincolnshire
- List of watermills in Lincolnshire
- List of waterways in Lincolnshire
- List of windmills in Lincolnshire
- Lord Lieutenant of Lincolnshire
- Stamford Senior Youth Theatre
- 1185 East Midlands earthquake
Referencias
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- ^ Toby F. Martin, The Cruciform Brooch and Anglo-Saxon England, Boydell and Brewer Press (2015), pp. 174–178
- ^ Catherine Hills, The Anglo-Saxon migration to Britain: an archaeological perspective (2016)
- ^ Caitlin Green, The Origins of Louth: Archaeology and History in East Lincolnshire, 400,000 BC-AD 1086 (2014), pp. 66–67
- ^ "Lincolnshire Biodiversity Action Plan" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 June 2019. Retrieved 18 July 2019.
- ^ UKGE (3 December 2015). "A rare Cretaceous ichthyosaur from Lincolnshire". Deposits Magazine. Retrieved 14 December 2018.
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- ^ Franklin, Ashley (22 June 2017). "Man climbs Lincolnshire's highest point – but where is it?". lincolnshirelive.co.uk. Retrieved 14 December 2018.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 7 August 2016. Retrieved 6 December 2018.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- ^ Sympson, E. Mansel (22 November 2012). Lincolnshire. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781107612648. Retrieved 14 December 2018 – via Google Books.
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- ^ "Red kites at Belton House". National Trust. Retrieved 14 December 2018.
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- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 20 May 2004. Retrieved 6 February 2016.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- ^ "Map of Lincolnshire IDBs". Archived from the original on 22 June 2009.
- ^ "2006 Thorne Moors Vertebrate Report – "Thorne Waste (except now the Yorkshire Triangle) lies in South Yorkshire, and the other parishes lie in East Yorkshire, except Crowle Moor and the Yorkshire Triangle, which are in North Lincolnshire". birdingsiteguide.com. Retrieved 9 November 2019.
- ^ "Humberhead Peatlands – Map of Thorne Moors". Humberhead Peatlands Website. Retrieved 9 November 2019.
- ^ "Mobile Libraries". Lincolnshire County Council. Archived from the original on 11 November 2013. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
Wherever you live in Lincolnshire, whether in the countryside of the Wolds or Fens, the Coastal area or even on the edge of a town, a Mobile Library will stop nearby.
- ^ "Lincolnshire Sayings and Traditions". Rootsweb.ancestry.com. Archived from the original on 20 May 2013. Retrieved 2 April 2013.
- ^ "REConnecting Lincolnshire". www.lincolndiocesaneducation.com. Diocese of Lincoln. Retrieved 11 May 2021.
- ^ "Civic Heraldry visited 22 December 2006". Civicheraldry.co.uk. Archived from the original on 23 May 2013. Retrieved 2 April 2013.
- ^ [1][dead link]
- ^ Binnall, P.B.G., "A Man of Might" in FOLKLORE Vol.52, p.73, 1941
- ^ Binnall, P.B.G. "A Man of Might", in FOLKLORE Vol.52, p.74, 1941
- ^ Bird, John (1999). Percy Grainger. Oxford University Press. p. 127. ISBN 0-19-816652-4.
- ^ a b c d "Lincolnshire's Dishes". Portsmouth Evening News. 5 November 1937. Retrieved 15 February 2015 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- ^ Elliott, Valerie (17 November 2009). "Traditional Grimsby Smoked Fish is granted European PGI status". The Times. London. Archived from the original on 29 June 2011. Retrieved 16 July 2010.
- ^ "Chocolatier in Louth". Archived from the original on 27 July 2013. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
- ^ Bingham, Caroline (November 2012). "Chocolatier in Willingham". Lincolnshire Life. Archived from the original on 26 February 2015. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
- ^ "Chocolatier in Skegness". Archived from the original on 10 September 2014. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
- ^ "Hansen's chocolate house". Archived from the original on 18 August 2013. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
- ^ "Hansen's Chocolate House, Folkingham, Lincolnshire". Explore Lincolnshire. Archived from the original on 25 January 2014. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
- ^ "Best Milk Chocolate Bean-To-Bar". 2013 awards. Academy of Chocolate. Archived from the original on 4 July 2013. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
- ^ Williams, Holly (7 July 2013). "Best of British". The Independent. Archived from the original on 8 July 2013. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
- ^ "Red Star Chocolate". Archived from the original on 26 June 2013. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
- ^ "Lincolnshire Events Centre". Lincolnshire Showground. Archived from the original on 24 February 2009. Retrieved 29 June 2010.
- ^ "The Largest Village Show in England". Heckingtonshow.org.uk. Archived from the original on 5 May 2010. Retrieved 29 June 2010.
- ^ "Corby Glen Sheep Fair Gallery". Corbyglen.com. Archived from the original on 21 July 2010. Retrieved 29 June 2010.
- ^ "RAF Red Arrows – Home". Raf.mod.uk. 11 January 2010. Archived from the original on 16 May 2010. Retrieved 29 June 2010.
- ^ "The White Bread Meadow". Homepages.which.net. Archived from the original on 15 July 2010. Retrieved 29 June 2010.
- ^ "Stamford Shakespeare Company". Stamfordshakespeare.co.uk. Archived from the original on 10 June 2010. Retrieved 29 June 2010.
- ^ "Spalding Flower Parade". Spaldingnet.com. Archived from the original on 30 April 2018. Retrieved 29 April 2018.
- ^ Play-Sport New Media (13 June 2002). "Play-Cricket the ECB Cricket Network". Lincscb.play-cricket.com. Archived from the original on 15 July 2011. Retrieved 29 June 2010.
- ^ "Now sponsored by MOTÖRHEAD! – Lincolnshire Bombers". Lincolnshire Bombers' News forum. 1 April 2009. Archived from the original on 14 May 2010. Retrieved 11 January 2010.
- ^ "New county flag design unveiled". BBC News. 24 October 2005. Archived from the original on 25 October 2012. Retrieved 15 February 2010.
- ^ "Lincolnshire flag at the self-appointed flag registry". Archived from the original on 12 July 2010. Retrieved 26 June 2010.
- ^ Santos, Cory (19 April 2013). "Tracking the mysterious origins of the Lincoln Imp". The Lincolnite. Archived from the original on 24 May 2013. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
the imp has come to represent Lincoln as its mischievous mascot.
- ^ Williams, Phil (16 December 2011). "A History of the Lincoln Imp". Lincoln Cathedral. Archived from the original on 28 May 2012. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
Lincoln's imp is a well known emblem of the Cathedral and the city, to the extent it has been adopted as the symbol of Lincoln
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- ^ ITV 1968 – A Guide to Independent Television, Independent Television Authority, London, 1967, page 175
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- ^ Wilkes, David (23 June 2009). "Our tallest tower is cut down to size: Protests over plan to chop 118f t of f T V mast". Daily Mail.
- Foster, C. W.; Longley, Thomas, eds. (1924). The Lincolnshire Domesday and Lindsey Survey. Annual works of the society. 19. Horncastle: Lincoln Record Society.
enlaces externos
- Lincolnshire County Council website
- Lincs FM website
- Visitlincolnshire.com
- Lindcolne Skipfierde: Lincolnshire's Anglo-Saxon, Viking and Norman re-enactment and living history group
- Lincolnshire Show official website
- Pathe newsreel of motor tractors at 1919 agricultural show, thought to be Lincoln show
- Images of Lincolnshire at the English Heritage Archive