The Kroger Company , o simplemente Kroger , es una empresa minorista estadounidense fundada por Bernard Kroger en 1883 en Cincinnati, Ohio . Es el supermercado más grande de Estados Unidos por ingresos ($ 121.16 mil millones para el año fiscal 2019), [4] y el segundo minorista general más grande (detrás de Walmart ). [4] Kroger es el cuarto empleador privado más grande de propiedad estadounidense en los Estados Unidos . [5] Kroger ocupa el puesto 23 en el ranking Fortune 500 de las corporaciones más grandes de los Estados Unidos por ingresos totales. [6]
Tipo | Público |
---|---|
Negociado como | |
ES EN | US5010441013 |
Industria | Venta minorista |
Fundado | 1883 Cincinnati, Ohio , EE. UU. |
Fundador | Bernard Kroger |
Sede | Cincinnati, Ohio , nosotros |
Numero de locaciones | 2.896, incluidos 2.742 supermercados y 154 joyerías (año fiscal 2020) [1] |
Área de servicio | Estados Unidos |
Gente clave | Rodney McMullen ( director ejecutivo y presidente) Michael Donnelly ( director de operaciones ) Gary Millerchip ( director financiero ) |
Productos | Supercentro / hipermercado , Otra especialidad, supermercado |
Ingresos | 121.160 millones de dólares EE.UU. (2019) [2] |
Ingresos de explotación | US $ 267 mil millones (2019) [2] |
Lngresos netos | US $ 3.110 millones (2019) [2] |
Los activos totales | US $ 38,11 mil millones (2019) [2] |
Equidad total | US $ 7.880 millones (2019) [2] |
Número de empleados | 453.000 (2019) [3] |
Divisiones | Productos Interamericanos varias cadenas |
Sitio web | www www |
Al 30 de enero de 2021 [actualizar], Kroger opera, ya sea directamente oa través de sus subsidiarias, 2.742 supermercados y tiendas departamentales múltiples. [1] [7] La sede de Kroger se encuentra en el centro de Cincinnati . [8] Mantiene mercados en 35 estados y el Distrito de Columbia, [7] con formatos de tienda que incluyen hipermercados , supermercados , grandes superficies , grandes almacenes y 154 joyerías ( se vendieron 782 tiendas de conveniencia a EG Group en 2018). [1] [7] Las tiendas de comestibles de la marca Kroger están ubicadas en el medio oeste y sur de los Estados Unidos. Kroger opera 35 instalaciones de procesamiento o fabricación de alimentos, 1596 centros de combustible de supermercados, 2255 farmacias y 224 clínicas médicas en las tiendas de The Little Clinic . [1] [7]
Los empleados de Kroger están representados en su mayoría por convenios colectivos , [ aclaración necesaria ] y muchos están representados por United Food and Commercial Workers (UFCW). [9]
Historia
Comenzando
En 1883, Bernard Kroger , de 23 años , el quinto de diez hijos de inmigrantes alemanes , invirtió los ahorros de su vida de $ 372 (aproximadamente $ 10,000 en 2020) para abrir una tienda de comestibles en 66 Pearl Street en el centro de Cincinnati. Hijo de un comerciante, dirigía su negocio con un simple lema: "Sea particular. Nunca venda nada que no quiera usted mismo". [10] [11] Experimentó con productos de marketing que su empresa había producido para que sus clientes no tuvieran que frecuentar tiendas y granjas separadas.
En 1884, Kroger abrió su segunda tienda. En 1902, se incorporó Kroger Grocery and Baking Company. Para entonces, la compañía había crecido a cuarenta tiendas y vendía mercancías por valor de 1,75 millones de dólares cada año. Además, Kroger se convirtió en la primera cadena de supermercados en tener su propia panadería. [12]
En 1916, la empresa Kroger inició las compras de autoservicio. Antes de esto, todos los artículos se guardaban detrás de los mostradores, y los clientes los solicitaban y luego los empleados los entregaban a los clientes. [12]
En 1929, se rumoreaba que Safeway se fusionaría con Kroger. [13] [14]
En la década de 1930, Kroger se convirtió en la primera cadena de supermercados en monitorear la calidad del producto y probar los alimentos ofrecidos a los clientes, y también la primera en tener una tienda rodeada por los cuatro lados por estacionamientos .
Década de 1950 a 1960
A partir de 1955, Kroger comenzó a adquirir cadenas de supermercados nuevamente, expandiéndose a nuevos mercados. En mayo, Kroger ingresó al mercado de Houston, Texas , al adquirir Henke & Pillot, la cadena de 26 tiendas con sede en Houston . [15] En junio, Kroger adquirió Krambo Food Stores, Inc. de Appleton, Wisconsin . [16] A finales de julio, compró Child's Food Stores, Inc. de Jacksonville, Texas . [ cita requerida ]
En enero de 1956, la compañía compró Big Chain Stores, Inc., una cadena de siete tiendas con sede en Shreveport, Louisiana , y luego la combinó con el grupo Childs. Todas estas cadenas adoptaron el estandarte de Kroger en 1966.
Durante todas las adquisiciones, en septiembre de 1957, Kroger vendió su división de tiendas de Wichita, Kansas , que entonces constaba de 16 tiendas, a JS Dillon and Sons Stores Company , entonces dirigida por Ray S. Dillon, hijo del fundador de la empresa.
En octubre de 1963, Kroger adquirió la cadena de 56 tiendas Market Basket, lo que les proporcionó un punto de apoyo en el lucrativo mercado del sur de California. (Antes de esta época, Kroger no tenía tiendas al oeste de Kansas). [17]
Kroger abrió tiendas en Florida bajo las banderas SupeRx y Florida Choice desde la década de 1960 hasta 1988, cuando la cadena decidió salir del estado y vendió todas sus tiendas; Kash n 'Karry compró la mayor parte. [18] [19] [20]
1970
En la década de 1970, Kroger se convirtió en el primer tendero de los Estados Unidos en probar un escáner electrónico y el primero en formalizar la investigación del consumidor.
Aunque Kroger ha operado durante mucho tiempo tiendas en el área de Huntsville - Decatur en el norte de Alabama (como una extensión al sur de su región de Nashville, Tennessee ), no ha operado en el mercado más grande del estado, Birmingham , desde principios de la década de 1970, cuando salió como como resultado de la intensa competencia de Winn-Dixie y las cadenas locales Bruno's Supermarkets y Western Supermarkets.
Kroger construyó una planta láctea ultramoderna (Crossroad Farms Dairy) en Indianápolis en 1972, que entonces se consideraba la planta láctea más grande del mundo.
Kroger salió del mercado del área de Chicagoland en 1970 vendiendo su almacén de distribución en Northlake, Il. y 24 tiendas para la cadena de supermercados Dominick's Finer Foods.
Kroger salió de Milwaukee en 1972, vendiendo algunas tiendas a Jewel . Kroger volvería más tarde en 2015 tras la adquisición de Roundy's .
Kroger ingresó al mercado de Charlotte en 1977 y se expandió rápidamente a lo largo de la década de 1980 cuando compró algunas tiendas de BI-LO . Sin embargo, la mayoría de las tiendas estaban en vecindarios menos deseables y no encajaban con la imagen de lujo de Kroger. Menos de tres meses después de que BI-LO se retirara, esa compañía decidió volver a ingresar al mercado de Charlotte y, en 1988, Kroger anunció que se retiraría del mercado de Charlotte y puso sus tiendas a la venta. Ahold compró las tiendas restantes de Kroger en el área de Charlotte y las convirtió en BI-LO. [21] [22]
Decenio de 1980
Kroger tenía varias tiendas en la región occidental de Pensilvania , que abarcaba Pittsburgh y las áreas circundantes desde 1928 hasta 1984, cuando Estados Unidos comenzó a experimentar una severa recesión económica . La recesión tuvo dos efectos importantes y relacionados en las operaciones de Kroger en la región. Uno de ellos fue que la economía altamente cíclica basada en la fabricación de la región disminuyó en mayor proporción que el resto de los EE . UU. , Lo que socavó la demanda de los productos y servicios de gama alta ofrecidos por Kroger. El segundo efecto de la recesión económica fue el empeoramiento de las relaciones entre los trabajadores y la dirección, lo que provocó una huelga laboral prolongada en 1983 y 1984. Durante la huelga, Kroger retiró todas sus tiendas del mercado occidental de Pensilvania, incluidas algunas "supertiendas" y "supertiendas" abiertas recientemente. invernaderos ", vendiendo estas tiendas a Wetterau (ahora parte de SuperValu ), quien rápidamente cambió las tiendas a propietarios independientes mientras continuaba suministrándolas bajo las marcas FoodLand y Shop 'n Save . [23] La salida de Kroger cedió el mercado a rivales locales de menor costo, sobre todo Giant Eagle y las tiendas de comestibles suministradas por SuperValu. (Kroger compró la compañía Eagle Grocery, cuyos fundadores crearon Giant Eagle). Kroger aún mantiene una presencia en las áreas cercanas de Morgantown, West Virginia , Wheeling, West Virginia y Weirton, West Virginia / Steubenville, Ohio , áreas donde Giant Eagle ha una presencia mucho más pequeña y las tiendas suministradas por SuperValu son prácticamente inexistentes, aunque en todos estos casos, Walmart sigue siendo un competidor importante y Aldi es el único otro supermercado con una superposición de mercado.
Kroger ingresó al competitivo mercado de San Antonio, Texas , en 1980, pero se retiró a mediados de 1993. El 15 de junio de 1993, la empresa anunció el cierre de sus 15 tiendas de la zona.
La cadena cerró varias tiendas alrededor de Flint, Michigan , en 1981, que fueron convertidas por el empresario local Al Kessel en una nueva cadena llamada Kessel Food Markets . [24] Kroger compró la mayoría de estas tiendas en 1999 y comenzó a revertirlas. [25] Varias otras tiendas de Michigan se vendieron a otra cadena con sede en Flint, Hamady Brothers , en 1980. [26] La adquisición de Hamady duró poco. [27]
En 1982, Kroger vendió la cadena Market Basket de 65 tiendas que había operado durante varios años en el sur de California. Las tiendas fueron revertidas a la marca Boys Markets , luego de adquirir la cadena. Boys Markets fue adquirida por Yucaipa Companies en 1989. Cuando Yucaipa adquirió Ralphs , la marca Boys desapareció.
En 1983, The Kroger Company adquirió la cadena de supermercados Dillon Companies [28] en Kansas junto con sus subsidiarias ( King Soopers , City Market , Fry's y Gerbes ) y la cadena de tiendas de conveniencia Kwik Shop . David Dillon , un descendiente de cuarta generación de JS Dillon, el fundador de Dillon Companies, se convirtió en el CEO de Kroger.
En el noreste de Ohio, Kroger tenía una planta en Solon, Ohio hasta mediados de la década de 1980. Cuando esa planta cerró debido a los altos costos laborales de los sindicatos locales, [29] Kroger cerró sus tiendas del noreste de Ohio en las áreas de Cleveland, Akron y Youngstown . Algunas de esas antiguas tiendas Kroger fueron tomadas por tiendas como Acme Fresh Markets, Giant Eagle y Heinens .
Kroger abrió y tenía alrededor de 50 tiendas en St. Louis hasta que dejó el mercado en 1986, diciendo que sus tiendas no eran rentables. La mayoría de sus tiendas fueron compradas por National , Schnucks y Shop 'n Save . La mayoría de las tiendas Kroger restantes en el este de Missouri y el centro-oeste de Illinois se convirtieron en una extensión occidental de la División Central (con sede en Indianápolis ).
Kroger también experimentó una retirada similar de Chattanooga, Tennessee , en 1989. Muchas de estas tiendas se vendieron a la cadena de supermercados local Red Food , que a su vez fue comprada por BI-LO en 1994. Hoy, Chattanooga es el único mercado metropolitano de Tennessee. en el que Kroger no opera con la ubicación más cercana es Dalton, Georgia con 2 tiendas (Walnut Avenue y Cleveland Highway).
Decenio de 1990
En la década de 1990, Kroger adquirió Great Scott (Detroit), Pay Less Food Markets , Owen's Market , JayC Food Stores y Hilander Foods . Además, el mercado de Houston se fortaleció cuando Kroger compró varias tiendas de AppleTree Markets , que eran antiguas tiendas Safeway a principios de 1994.
En 1998, Kroger se fusionó con la entonces quinta empresa de comestibles más grande Fred Meyer , junto con sus subsidiarias Ralphs , QFC y Smith's . [30]
A fines de la década de 1990, adquirió muchas tiendas de A&P ya que salió de muchos mercados en el sur.
Kroger también cambió las diez tiendas del área de Greensboro, Carolina del Norte en 1999 a Harris Teeter , con sede en Matthews, Carolina del Norte , por 11 de las tiendas de esa compañía en el centro y oeste de Virginia . Kroger todavía mantiene una presencia de Carolina del Norte en el área de Raleigh-Durham . En el área de Raleigh-Durham , Kroger cerró su tienda North Raleigh en el centro comercial Wakefield Commons el 9 de julio de 2011 porque la ubicación no cumplió con las expectativas de ventas. Después del cierre, Kroger operará 16 tiendas en el Triángulo. Kroger tuvo una tienda en Greenville desde la década de 1980 hasta 2010 cuando se la vendió a Harris Teeter. [31] Una tienda en Wilson abrió en 2002 pero cerró dos años después.
2000
Durante mucho tiempo, el tendero dominante en el oeste de Virginia, Kroger ingresó al mercado de Richmond, Virginia , en 2000, donde compite contra los líderes del mercado Martin's (incluidas las antiguas tiendas de Ukrop's) y Food Lion . Kroger ingresó al mercado comprando tiendas Hannaford que ya existían o se estaban construyendo en Richmond. Las compras de Hannaford también incluyeron el competitivo mercado de Hampton Roads , donde ahora compite con Farm Fresh , Harris Teeter (que es propiedad de Kroger) y Food Lion . [32] Las ubicaciones de Hannaford en estos mercados fueron compradas a Delhaize por Kroger como condición de la adquisición de la cadena Hannaford por parte de Delhaize en 2000, que previamente había competido con Food Lion, también propiedad de Delhaize. [33] Los supercentros de Walmart también son competidores importantes en ambos mercados, y la cadena compitió brevemente contra Winn-Dixie , que ahora ha salido de Virginia.
En 2001, Kroger adquirió Baker's Supermarkets de Fleming Companies, Inc. [ cita requerida ]
Albertsons salió de los mercados de San Antonio y Houston a principios de 2002, vendiendo muchas de las tiendas de Houston a Kroger. [ cita requerida ]
En 2004, Kroger compró la mayoría de las antiguas tiendas Thriftway en Cincinnati, Ohio , cuando Winn-Dixie abandonó el área. Estas tiendas fueron reabiertas como tiendas Kroger. [ cita requerida ]
En 2007, Kroger adquirió Scott's Food & Pharmacy de SuperValu Inc. , [34] y en el mismo año, también adquirió 20 antiguas ubicaciones de Michigan Farmer Jack de A&P cuando A&P abandonó el mercado de Michigan.
En 2008, Kroger inició una asociación con Murray's Cheese of New York City. [35] Los mostradores de Murray's Cheese dentro de las tiendas Kroger venden una variedad de quesos artesanales de todas partes del mundo.
2010
El 9 de julio de 2013, Kroger anunció la adquisición de Harris Teeter (las 212 tiendas con sede en Charlotte) en un acuerdo valorado en $ 2.5 mil millones y que asumirá $ 100 millones en la deuda pendiente de la compañía. [36] Las tiendas de Harris Teeter se encuentran en ocho estados del sur, con una gran parte de ellas en su estado de sede de Carolina del Norte. [37] Al hacerlo, Kroger adquirió el programa Click and Collect de Harris Teeter, que permite realizar pedidos de comestibles en línea. Algunos expertos de la industria ven esto como un movimiento competitivo contra los supermercados en línea como AmazonFresh . [38] La adquisición de Harris Teeter marcó el regreso de Kroger al mercado de Charlotte después de una ausencia de 25 años. También permitió a Kroger entrar en Asheville por primera vez. Charlotte y Asheville habían sido los únicos grandes mercados de Carolina del Norte en los que Kroger no tenía presencia. [ cita requerida ]
En 2013, Kroger anunció que los cónyuges de los trabajadores sindicalizados de la empresa ya no estarían cubiertos por el plan de seguro de la empresa. La compañía citó la Ley de Protección al Paciente y Cuidado de Salud a Bajo Precio como la razón principal para la mudanza. El recorte de beneficios afecta aproximadamente a 11.000 trabajadores en Indiana. [39] [40] La empresa anunció en abril de 2013 que los empleados a tiempo completo mantendrían sus beneficios de seguro médico. [41]
El 3 de marzo de 2015, Kroger anunció que entrará a Hawái , habiéndose registrado con el estado como una nueva empresa en febrero de 2015. La mudanza se encontraba en las etapas de planificación, ya que planeaba expandirse allí en 2006, pero se retiró después de que ya lo había hecho. registro enviado. Kroger, que está en el proceso de buscar ubicaciones para abrir su primera tienda, enfrentará la competencia de sus rivales Foodland y Times , con sede en Honolulu ; los principales minoristas Safeway, Walmart y Costco ; Don Quijote, de propiedad japonesa; y Comisarios DeCA, propiedad del Departamento de Defensa. [42]
El 1 de mayo de 2015, Kroger anunció la adquisición de la cadena Hiller's Market de siete tiendas en el sureste de Michigan, y que operaría todas menos una de esas tiendas bajo la marca Kroger. [43]
En junio de 2015, Kroger eliminó la marca Harris Teeter del concurrido mercado de Nashville, Tennessee, donde su crecimiento se había visto obstaculizado por una competencia agresiva desde que ingresó con seis tiendas a principios de la década de 2000. [44] Kroger ha tenido tradicionalmente una presencia líder en el mercado en Nashville e inicialmente prometió mantener abiertas las cinco tiendas Harris Teeter restantes cuando adquirió la cadena, [45] pero luego dijo que el mercado "no respaldaba los planes comerciales futuros de Harris Teeter". . " [46] Dos tiendas Harris Teeter se cerraron por completo, y tres cerraron temporalmente mientras se convertían a la marca Kroger (una de ellas se sometería a una remodelación importante y reemplazaría a una tienda Kroger vecina). [47]
El 11 de noviembre de 2015, Kroger y Roundy's anunciaron una fusión definitiva, poniendo las 166 cadenas de la cadena de Roundy, principalmente con sede en Wisconsin, bajo la propiedad de Kroger. La fusión está valorada en $ 800 millones, incluida la deuda. La adquisición, que trajo a Kroger de regreso a Wisconsin después de una ausencia de 43 años, conservará los nombres de Roundy's, Pick 'n Save, Mariano's, Metro Market y Copps, junto con sus operaciones en Milwaukee. [48]
En abril de 2016, Kroger anunció que había realizado una "inversión significativa" en Lucky's Market , una cadena de supermercados de alimentos orgánicos con sede en Boulder, Colorado, que operaba 17 tiendas en 13 estados del medio oeste y sureste de los Estados Unidos. [49]
En febrero de 2017, Kroger resistió las grandes protestas de la comunidad después de anunciar el cierre de dos tiendas más pequeñas del área de Louisville. A pesar de los altos volúmenes de tiendas y la alta densidad de población, las tiendas Old Louisville (vencimiento del contrato de arrendamiento) y Southland Terrace cerraron. [50]
El 7 de febrero de 2017 se anunció que Kroger Co. había comprado Murray's Cheese. [51]
A 14 de febrero de 2017[actualizar], Kroger ya no ofrece un descuento a las personas mayores de 59 años en adelante. [52]
El 1 de mayo de 2017, Kroger, junto con el socio de marketing de campus, deportes y atletismo de la Universidad de Kentucky y el Reino Unido , JMI Sports, anunció un acuerdo de marketing de campus por 12 años y $ 1.85 millones por año. El acuerdo incluye los derechos de denominación del Commonwealth Stadium, el estadio de fútbol de la universidad , que pasará a llamarse Kroger Field . Este acuerdo convierte a la Universidad de Kentucky en la primera escuela de la Southeastern Conference en entrar en una sociedad corporativa por los derechos de denominación de su estadio de fútbol. [53]
El 10 de mayo de 2017, Kroger abrió su primera tienda de conveniencia [54] en Blacklick, Ohio , con la etiqueta "Fresh Eats MKT". Las nuevas tiendas prototipo tendrán aproximadamente 12,000 pies cuadrados de espacio y serán muy similares al proyecto Walmart Neighborhood Market , ya que estas tiendas solo venden alimentos. Estas tiendas tienen un Starbucks y una farmacia Kroger. El 1 de junio de 2017, Kroger abrió su segundo Fresh Eats. Kroger también convertirá algunas tiendas de Turkey Hill en la tienda conceptual. El director financiero , Mike Schlotman, ha llamado a estas tiendas una "pequeña prueba". La reacción local a este nuevo concepto ha sido positiva.
En febrero de 2018, Kroger anunció que venderá sus 762 tiendas de conveniencia a EG Group , un operador de gasolineras británico, por $ 2.150 millones. Operan bajo los carteles de Turkey Hill , Loaf 'N Jug , Kwik Shop , Tom Thumb y Quik Stop . Kroger conservará algo más de 20 tiendas de conveniencia. Los centros de combustible de los supermercados de Kroger no están incluidos en la venta. [55] [56] [57] La venta se cerró el 20 de abril de 2018. [58]
El 10 de abril de 2018, Kroger anunció planes para contratar a unos 11.000 nuevos empleados. Se estima que las nuevas contrataciones cubrirán unos 2.000 puestos directivos. Con la suma de estas nuevas contrataciones, el número total de personas empleadas por la empresa se acerca al medio millón. [59] [60]
El 17 de mayo de 2018, Kroger anunció una asociación con Ocado , un supermercado en línea con sede en el Reino Unido. La asociación está diseñada para mejorar el programa de comercio electrónico de Kroger, que incluye pedidos en línea, cumplimiento automatizado y entrega a domicilio mediante la construcción de 20 nuevos centros de cumplimiento automatizados. [61] A noviembre de 2019[update], five locations have been identified for the new warehouses, and two are under construction.[62]
On May 24, 2018, Kroger announced they were acquiring Home Chef for $200 million with an additional $500 million in incentives if certain targets are met by Home Chef.[citation needed]
On June 13, 2018, Kroger Mid-Atlantic announced that they will be leaving the Raleigh-Durham area by closing and selling all 14 of their stores, 8 of which will become Harris Teeter stores. One will become a Crunch Fitness and another will become a Food Lion. The fate for the remaining 4 stores is unclear.[63]
In July 2018, Kroger officials backed off a Net 90 payment plan to the produce industry.[64]
In October 2018, Kroger announced online wine delivery to 14 states in partnership with DRINKS.[65] Customers can select assorted wines in 6-bottle or 12-bottle packs.[66]
On December 4, 2018, Kroger announced a deal to sell food inside drugstore Walgreens.[67] Kroger Express[68] will offer meal kits and other meal solutions.
In the light of increased self-checkout usage via kiosk or smartphone app in 2019, Kroger is gradually shifting towards creating more self-checkout smartphone apps and lanes than cashier lanes. The company has been investing millions of dollars, in replacing many cashier stations with automation by 2023. As many other supermarkets (such as Walmart, Target, etc.) are also shifting towards automation, and displacing cashiers in the near future.[69]
In March 2019, Kroger announced it was expanding its service with robotics company, Nuro to Houston, Texas with Nuro's autonomous Priuses.[70]
In August 2019, Kroger began charging customers between $0.50 and $3.50 for receiving cash back while making purchases with debit cards.[71][72] The new fees were first test marketed in March at Kansas area Dillons stores, a Kroger-owned supermarket chain, before the new fees were rolled out to other Kroger-owned supermarket banners in the rest of the nation.[73]
In September 2019, Kroger announced a partnership with the Plant Based Food Association (PFBA) to test a plant-based meat retail concept in 60 stores in Denver, and parts of Indiana and Illinois.[74]
In November 2019, Kroger unveiled an updated logo for their stores and company, removing the blue circle that the logo had previously resided in.[75] The company also announced an expansion of its online wine delivery program into Arizona.[76] In partnership with DRINKS, the service is now available in 19 states plus Washington D.C.[77]
In December 2019, Kroger was named the second-largest grocer in the nation with $110 billion in 2016 sales. The same month, USA Today listed Kroger—and its brands—as the top supermarket (based on Google searches, Yelp data and 24/7 Tempo's research) in Alaska, Indiana, Kentucky, Mississippi, Ohio, Oregon, Tennessee, Virginia, Washington, and West Virginia.[78]
2020s
This decade, as with many other companies, started off very unorthodox and unusual, due in large part to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, including store closures, limited store occupancy and employment, along with social distancing protocols.
According to a PBS NewsHour February 13, 2021 broadcast, during the pandemic, Kroger provided their essential workers a "hazard pay"—that the company called a "hero pay"—in the form of US$2 dollars an hour raise from the end of March 2020, until mid-May, 2020, when the "hero pay" ended.[79] In January, 2021 the Long Beach City Council in California, passed an ordinance making it mandatory for some large grocery stores—like Kroger—to provide their essential workers hazard pay of US$4 dollars an hour "effective immediately for 120 days." The ordinance affected "companies with more than 300 workers nationwide and more than 15 employees per store."[79] Seattle and Washington passed similar ordinances. In response, in early February, Kroger announced the "closure and permanent termination of the "entirety of the operations" of some of their stores [in April 2021]—which includes a Ralphs and a Food4Less in Long Beach—"for economic reasons including the economic cost mandated by the Long Beach ordinance requiring an increase in employee wages, four dollars an hour."[79] The United Food and Commercial Workers (UFCW), with members whose jobs have been terminated, "view the closures as a warning to other cities considering hazard pay mandates."[79] Andrea Zinder, president of the UFCW Local 324 that represents employees at the two stores—Ralphs and a Food4Less—said that compared to the same time period in 2019 both stores saw an increase of about 30% in sales.[79] In 2020, during the pandemic, Kroger's earnings increased by 87.7%.[80] Kroger's quarterly revenues as reported by November 20, 2020 were US$29.72 billion, and the corporation's per-share earnings and dividends grew at a rapid rate in 2020. Its dividend increase was about 14% annually.[81]
In 2021 the company was reported to have been breached by a third-party hack which compromised the pharmacy records of Kroger owned Fred Myers and QFC stores' customers.[82]
Meme
Kroger has also gained popularity due to one of its advertisements becoming a meme in early 2021. The ad is a cartoon that shows several people in a Kroger store (dubbed "Krojis") dancing and going "low" because of the store's low prices, set to "Low" by Flo-Rida featuring T-Pain.[83]
Finanzas
For the fiscal year 2020, Kroger reported earnings of US$1.907 billion, with an annual revenue of US$122.286 billion, an increase of 0.4% over the previous fiscal cycle. Kroger's shares traded at over $32 per share, and its market capitalization was valued at US$25.9 billion in April 2020.[84]
Year | Revenue in mil. US$ | Net income in mil. US$ | Total Assets in mil. US$ | Price per Share in US$ | Employees | Supermarkets | C-stores | Jewelers | Total stores |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2006 | 60,553 | 958 | 20,482 | 10.64 | 290,000 | 2,507 | 791 | 428 | 3,726 |
2007 | 66,111 | 1,115 | 21,215 | 13.79 | 310,000 | 2,468 | 779 | 412 | 3,659 |
2008 | 70,336 | 1,209 | 22,293 | 13.36 | 323,000 | 2,486 | 782 | 394 | 3,662 |
2009 | 76,148 | 1,249 | 23,257 | 10.98 | 326,000 | 2,481 | 771 | 385 | 3,637 |
2010 | 76,609 | 70 | 23,126 | 10.77 | 334,000 | 2,468 | 777 | 374 | 3,619 |
2011 | 82,049 | 1,116 | 23,505 | 11.69 | 338,000 | 2,460 | 784 | 361 | 3,605 |
2012 | 90,269 | 602 | 23,476 | 11.82 | 339,000 | 2,435 | 791 | 348 | 3,574 |
2013 | 96,619 | 1,497 | 24,634 | 17.88 | 343,000 | 2,424 | 786 | 328 | 3,538 |
2014 | 98,375 | 1,519 | 29,281 | 24.41 | 375,000 | 2,640 | 786 | 320 | 3,746 |
2015 | 108,465 | 1,728 | 30,497 | 36.99 | 400,000 | 2,625 | 782 | 326 | 3,733 |
2016 | 109,830 | 2,039 | 33,897 | 35.08 | 431,000 | 2,778 | 784 | 323 | 3,885 |
2017 | 115,337 | 1,975 | 36,505 | 26.51 | 443,000 | 2,796 | 784 | 319 | 3,899 |
2018 | 122,662 | 1,907 | 37,197 | 27.76 | 449,000 | 2,782 | 782 | 274 | 3,838 |
2019 | 121,852 | 3,110 | 38,118 | 25.35 | 453,000 | 2,764 | 253 | 3,017 | |
2020 | 122,286 | 1,659 | 45,256 | 435,000 | 2,757 | 242 | 2,999 |
Cadenas
Banner | Format | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Primary | Variants | Combination food and drug | Marketplace | Multi-department | Price impact | Other |
Dillons | Baker's, Gerbes | |||||
Food 4 Less[85] | Foods Co. | |||||
Fred Meyer | ||||||
Fred Meyer Jewelers | Barclay's Jewelers, Littman Jewelers | Jeweler | ||||
Fry's | ||||||
Harris Teeter | ||||||
Home Chef | E-commerce | |||||
King Soopers | City Market | |||||
Kroger[86] | JayC, Pay Less | |||||
The Little Clinic | Walk-in clinic | |||||
Mariano's | ||||||
QFC | ||||||
Ralphs | ||||||
Roundy's[87][88] | Copps, Metro Market, Pick 'n Save | |||||
Ruler Foods | ||||||
Smith's | ||||||
Vitacost | E-commerce | |||||
Total stores[1] | 2,299 | 182 | 134 | 127 | 154 jewelers 224 clinics | |
Former chains (year of sale/dissolution in parentheses) | ||||||
Barney's (1985)[89] | ||||||
Cala Foods (2011)[90] | Bell Markets | |||||
Childs (1966)[91] | ||||||
Henke's (1966)[92] | ||||||
Hilander Foods (2011)[93] | ||||||
Hiller's (2015) | ||||||
Hook's (1987)[94] | Drug store | |||||
Kessel (1999)[95] | ||||||
Krambo (1971)[96] | ||||||
Loaf 'N Jug (2018)[97] | Kwik Shop, Quik Stop, Tom Thumb | Convenience | ||||
Main & Vine (2018)[98] | Concept | |||||
Market Basket (1982)[99] | ||||||
Owen's (2020)[100] | ||||||
Scott's (2016)[101] | ||||||
SupeRx (1987)[102][94] | Drug store | |||||
Turkey Hill (2018)[97] | Convenience |
Mercado de Kroger
Kroger Marketplace is a chain of big-box stores. The brand was introduced in 2004 in the Columbus, Ohio, area, which lost the Big Bear and Big Bear Plus chains in Penn Traffic's Chapter 11 bankruptcy.[103] The Kroger Marketplace format is based on the Fry's Marketplace stores that the Arizona division of Kroger is currently operating. There are currently a total of 182 marketplaces.[1]
Similar to rival chains Meijer, Sears, Kmart, Target, Walmart, and Albertsons, and modeled after Kroger-owned Fred Meyer, these stores contain multiple departments.[104][105] In addition to the grocery department, they usually contain a Fred Meyer Jewelers, Starbucks, Donatos Pizza, and an in-store bank, as well as sections for toys, appliances, home furnishings and bed and bath, something that Big Bear once had in their stores in the Columbus area.
In 2005, the company began renovating many Kroger Food & Drug stores in Ohio for an expanded and remodeled look, converting them to the Kroger Marketplace format. In February 2006, Kroger announced plans for two new Kroger Marketplace stores to open by the end of the summer in Cincinnati suburbs Lebanon and Liberty Township.[106] The store in Liberty Township opened in July 2006.[107] On October 5, 2006, a new Kroger Marketplace opened in Gahanna. With the Gahanna opening, the number of Kroger Marketplace stores is six, four in the Columbus area and two in the Cincinnati area. Two more stores were planned in 2007, one in Middletown (which opened in April 2007, after the old store was razed and made part of the current parking lot) and one in Englewood.[108]
In 2011, the Elder-Beerman in Centerville, Ohio was demolished, and a new marketplace has been built in its place. It has a fuel center and opened on December 8.[109] This marketplace is the largest Kroger store ever built from ground up to date at 147,000 square feet.
Two more stores opened in the Cincinnati area, in the Northern Kentucky suburbs of Hebron and Walton which were completed in November 2008. Three Kroger Marketplace stores in Kentucky opened in 2009, two in Lexington and one in Newport. Another Marketplace opened in Beavercreek, Ohio. A Mount Orab, Ohio, store opened in the spring of 2010.[110] Kroger opened a new 60,000 sq ft (5,600 m2) store in North Augusta, South Carolina. In 2015, a 145,000 square foot Marketplace was opened in the Cincinnati suburb of Oakley.[111]
The first Kroger Marketplace store in Texas opened on October 9, 2009, in the Waterside Marketplace in Richmond, Texas.[112] The second Kroger Marketplace store in Rosenberg, Texas, opened on December 4, 2009.[113] The third opened in Frisco, Texas, in early 2010.[114] The fourth, in Willis, Texas, opened on August 11, 2011.[115] Other Kroger Marketplace stores in Texas are in Little Elm, Texas; Fort Worth's Alliance Town Center; Mansfield;[114] Wylie, Texas;[116] and Baytown, Texas.
The first Kroger Marketplace store in Tennessee opened in Farragut, Tennessee (a small suburb near Knoxville) at the end of 2008, and a second store in Thompson's Station, Tennessee, about 20 miles (32 km) south of Nashville, opened in early 2009. A third location opened in Gallatin, Tennessee, on March 11, 2010.
The first Kroger Marketplace in Arkansas opened in August 2010 on Chenal Parkway in Little Rock, Arkansas. Locations also opened in 2012 in Conway, Arkansas and 2014 in Jonesboro, Arkansas.
The first Kroger Marketplace in Virginia opened on Midlothian Turnpike in Richmond, Virginia, on the site of the former Cloverleaf Mall on December 6, 2012.[117] Another Marketplace opened in Virginia Beach, Virginia, at the site of a former Super Kmart, on July 31, 2013.[118] The third location opened in December 2013 in the Staples Mill shopping Center in Henrico County. A fourth location opened on October 15, 2014, in Portsmouth, Virginia, at the site of the former I.C. Norcom High School.
The first Kroger Marketplace in Mississippi opened on September 16, 2016 in Hernando (a suburb of Memphis, Tennessee) to much fanfare. This store was formally a Kroger Food & Drug with twelve aisles, now rebuilt with sixty-four, in addition to having a Starbucks, ClickList, and expanded deli inside.
The first Kroger Marketplace in Indiana opened on September 29, 2011, on Dupont Road on Fort Wayne's northwest side. This store is a rebuilt Kroger Food & Drug. A second Kroger Marketplace opened on October 4, 2012, from a rebuilt Scott's Food and Pharmacy in the Village at Coventry on the southwest side of Fort Wayne. These two stores are part of a $100 million expansion project in the Fort Wayne area. In October 2016, it was announced that a Kroger Marketplace will open in La Porte, Indiana within the NewPorte Landing development. Construction of the new 123,000 square foot store is expected to begin early in 2018.[119]
The first Kroger Marketplace in Michigan opened on June 14, 2013, at Sterns and Secor Roads in Lambertville (a small-sized suburb north of Toledo, Ohio). Formerly a conventional Kroger store, the square footage increased from 68,000 to 133,000 square feet. It carries toys, home essentials, apparel and shoes in addition to groceries. The state's second store opened in 2014 in Shelby Township on property that already contained a 2010-built Fuel Center, replacing a smaller Kroger store across Hayes Road in neighboring Macomb Township, which was soon converted into an Emagine Entertainment movie theater. Three further locations opened in 2016, one in White Lake on the site of what was once one of Kmart's "green" prototype stores and directly adjacent to the smaller Kroger store that this location replaced, a second Shelby Township location at 26 Mile Road and Van Dyke Avenue, and one at 12 Mile Road and Stephenson Highway in Royal Oak. A sixth location opened on Fort Street in Southgate on September 20, 2017. This store, which is a former Super Kmart, is the largest Kroger location in Michigan,[120] with seventy aisles along with a small cafe section and dedicated ClickList parking spaces.
Fabricación y distribución
Distribution and logistics
Food distribution and buying takes place under various subsidiaries and divisions. These include:[121]
- Kroger Group Cooperative, Inc.
- Kroger Group, Inc.
- Peytons
- WESCO
- Inter-American Products
Kroger operates its own fleet of trucks and trailers to distribute products to its various stores, in addition to contracts with various trucking companies.[2] In June 2018, Kroger announced testing driverless cars for delivering groceries. For this, Kroger is partnering with autonomous car company Nuro.[122][123]
In addition to stocking a variety of regional brand products, The Kroger Company also employs one of the largest networks of private label manufacturing in the country. Thirty-seven plants (either wholly owned or used with operating agreements) in seventeen states create about 40% of Kroger's private label products.[2] Similar to most major supermarket retailers, Kroger uses a three-tiered private label marketing strategy. One private brand emphasizes no-frills products at the lowest possible price, another is intended to be comparable to leading national brands but a better value and the third is a premium (often organic) brand.
Manufacturing plants
Dairies
Kroger operates 18 dairy plants:
- Centennial Farms Dairy – Atlanta, Georgia
- Compton Creamery – Compton, California
- Crossroad Farms Dairy – Indianapolis, Indiana
- Heritage Farms Dairy – Murfreesboro, Tennessee
- Hunter Farms Dairy – High Point, North Carolina
- Jackson Hutchinson Dairy – Hutchinson, Kansas
- Layton Dairy – Layton, Utah
- Michigan Dairy – Livonia, Michigan
- Mountain View Foods – Denver, Colorado
- Pace Dairy – Rochester - Rochester, Minnesota
- Pace Dairy - Indiana – Crawfordsville, Indiana
- Riverside Creamery – Riverside, California
- Swan Island Dairy – Portland, Oregon
- Tamarack Farms Dairy – Newark, Ohio
- Tolleson Dairy – Tolleson, Arizona
- Vandervoort's Dairy – Fort Worth, Texas
- Westover Dairy – Lynchburg, Virginia
- Winchester Farms Dairy – Winchester, Kentucky
Bakeries
Kroger operates 9 plants:
- Anderson Bakery – Anderson, South Carolina
- Clackamas Bakery – Clackamas, Oregon
- Country Oven Bakery – Bowling Green, Kentucky
- Indianapolis Bakery – Indianapolis, Indiana
- K.B. Specialty Foods – Greensburg, Indiana
- King Soopers Bakery – Denver, Colorado
- La Habra Bakery – La Habra, California
- Layton Dough – Layton, Utah
- RCK Foods – Kenosha, Wisconsin
Grocery items
Kroger operates 7 grocery plants:
- America's Beverage Co. – Irving, Texas – soft drinks, waters
- Delight Products – Springfield, Tennessee – dry dog and cat foods
- Kenlake Foods – Murray, Kentucky – nuts, hot cereal, cornmeal, powdered drinks
- Pontiac Foods – Pontiac, South Carolina – coffee, seasonings, spices, rice, noodles, sauces
- Springdale Ice Cream & Beverage – Springdale, Ohio – soft drinks, waters, ice cream
- State Avenue – Cincinnati, Ohio – salad dressings, red sauces, syrups, broths, jams and jellies
- Tara Foods – Albany, Georgia – peanut butter, flavorings, steak sauces, vinegar, cooking wines, lemon juice, soy sauce[124]
Marcas de etiqueta privada
Kroger offers a collection of its own branded products, referred to by the retailer as "Our Brands". The products are produced and sold in quality tiers, and account for over 30% of the retailer's unit sales.[125][126]
Banner Brand
Banner Brand items are goods that bear the name of Kroger or its subsidiaries (i.e., Ralphs, King Soopers, etc.) or make reference to them (i.e., Big K), and are offered exclusively within Kroger-owned stores. These products are marketed to customers as budget-friendly, and account for over $13 billion in annual sales.[127] Many of Kroger's health and beauty goods, one of the company's fastest-growing private label categories, are manufactured by third-party providers; these products include goods like ibuprofen and contact lens solution.
Private Selection
Products marked Private Selection are offered to compare with gourmet brands or regional brands that may be considered more upscale than the standard Kroger brand products.
Simple Truth
Simple Truth is Kroger's flagship natural and organic brand, and has grown quickly since its launch in 2012. The brand's launch marked the first time Kroger had delved into making its own gluten-free products, including flour mixes, bread, etc. The Simple Truth brand became the first Kroger offering to be introduced in China, on Alibaba's Tmall platform.[128] Simple Truth reached $2 billion in annual sales in 2018.[129]
Other private label brands
In addition to its core brands, Kroger's manufacturing creates a variety department-specific brands. These are featured especially in Fred Meyer stores, where more than half the goods sold are non-food, or in the smaller Fred Meyer-based Marketplace stores. The brands listed below may be found in various Kroger-owned stores.[130]
- Abound – natural pet food
- Bakery Fresh Goodness – fresh-baked foods
- Bloom Haus – floral arrangements
- Comforts – baby products
- Dip – fast fashion brand designed by Joe Mimran[131]
- Everyday Living – home goods
- HD Designs – upscale home goods
- HemisFares – imported foods
- Home Chef – meal kit and food delivery company acquired in 2018
- Luvsome – pet food
- Murray's Cheese – artisanal cheese shop founded in Greenwich Village in 1940
- OfficeWorks – stationery and office supplies
- Pet Pride – pet food
Otras operaciones
Pharmacy Group
Kroger previously owned and operated the SupeRx drug store chain. In 1985, Kroger outbid Rite Aid for the Hook's Drug Stores chain, based in Indianapolis, Indiana, and combined it with SupeRx to become Hook's-SupeRx. In 1994, Kroger decided to exit the stand-alone drugstore business and sold its Hook's and SupeRx stores to Revco, which later was sold to CVS.[132]
Today, Kroger operates 2,255 pharmacies, most of which are located inside its supermarkets.[1] The Kroger Pharmacies continue as a profitable portion of the business and have been expanding to now include pharmacies in City Market, Dillons, Fred Meyer, Fry's, King Soopers, QFC, Ralphs, Harris Teeter, Smith's Food and Drug, and Kroger Supermarkets.[133]
Supermarket Petroleum Group
Since 1998, Kroger has added fuel centers in the parking lots of its supermarkets. More recently, the company has begun opening standalone fuel centers, often near stores whose parking lots could not accommodate a fuel center. As of FY 2020, Kroger operated 1,596 supermarket fuel centers.[1][7]
In 2006, Kroger introduced a new common logo for all of its convenience store chains that is now also used at the fuel centers of all of its supermarket chains—a rhombus with a white, stylized image of the continental United States in the center bordered by four colored areas: dark blue representing the Pacific Ocean, red representing Canada, green representing the Atlantic Ocean, and yellow representing the Gulf of Mexico.
Kroger Personal Finance
Kroger Personal Finance was introduced in 2007 to offer branded Visa cards, mortgages, home equity loans, pet, renter's and home insurance, identity theft protection, and wireless services.[2] In 2017, MasterCard became the network for Kroger's newly branded 1-2-3 REWARDS credit card issued by U.S. Bank.[134] In 2019, Kroger banned the use of Visa credit cards (but not debit cards) at two of its subsidiary chains: Foods Co. Supermarkets and Smiths, citing rising costs from premium cards.[135]
Kroger Wireless
Kroger Wireless, formerly known as i-wireless,[136] is a national private label wireless service provider sold in over 2,200 retail locations within the Kroger family of stores across 31 states.[137] Kroger Wireless service functions over the nationwide Sprint network.[138] Customers can choose from "Unlimited" rate plans including unlimited talk/text and with data allotments up to and including unlimited data.[139] Kroger Wireless allows customers to purchase phones at select Kroger store locations,[137] via their website,[140] or by bringing their eligible Sprint device for activation.[141]
84.51°
84.51° is a wholly owned subsidiary of Kroger engaged in data science and consumer insights, created in April 2015, as a result of Kroger purchasing the remaining half of its then-joint venture Dunnhumby USA from Tesco.[142]
Controversias
In 2008, Greenpeace started ranking America's major supermarket chains on their seafood sustainability practices because, according to Phil Radford, Greenpeace U.S. CEO, "three quarters of global fish stocks are suffering from overfishing,[143] and 90% of top marine predators are already gone."[144][145] Criteria included the number of threatened fish species supermarkets sold, their seafood purchasing policies, and ocean legislation policies they supported.[146] In 2013, Kroger was noted for carrying 17 out of 22 Red List species, four of which are in the top list of said species.[147]
In 2014, Moms Demand Action for Gun Sense in America, a national gun control organization backed by former New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg, began a campaign that seeks to pressure the Kroger chain to ban the open carry of firearms in all of its stores. The group decided to take action in response to demonstrations by open carry activists in Kroger stores in Ohio and Texas, and after conducting research that identified more than a dozen shootings on Kroger property since 2012.[148] Kroger rebuffed their demand, stating, "If the local gun laws are to allow open carry, we'll certainly allow customers to do that based on what the local laws are. We don't believe it's up to us to legislate what the local gun control laws should be. It's up to the local legislators to decide to do that. So we follow local laws, we ask our customers to be respectful to the other people they are shopping with. And we really haven't had any issues inside of our stores as a result of that."[149]
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- ^ Acquired and name phased out in 1999.
- ^ Acquired June 1955, name phased out in 1966. Withdrew from Wisconsin in 1971.
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- ^ Acquired October 1963, sold in 1982.
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Otras lecturas
- Phillips, Charles F. (Winter 1936). "A History of the Kroger Grocery & Baking Company". National Marketing Review. Vol. 1 no. 3. pp. 204–215. JSTOR 4291319.
Videos
- "Is Amazon Killing Kroger?". CNBC. February 21, 2019.
enlaces externos
- Corporate website
- Website for Kroger-branded stores
- Business data for Kroger Co:
- Google Finance
- Yahoo! Finance
- SEC filings