Since the Eurovision Song Contest began in 1956 and until semi-finals were introduced in 2004, a total of 917 entries were submitted, comprising songs and artists which represented thirty-eight countries.[1] The contest, organised by the European Broadcasting Union (also known as EBU), is held annually between members of the Union, with participating broadcasters from different countries submitting songs to the event and casting votes to determine the most popular in the competition.[2] From an original seven participating countries in the first edition, over twenty entries were submitted into the competition in the early 2000s, before the contest started expanding more rapidly in 2004.[3]
Principally open to active member broadcasters of the EBU, eligibility to participate in the contest is not determined by geographic inclusion within the traditional boundaries of Europe. Several countries from outside of Europe have previously submitted entries into the contest, including countries in Western Asia and North Africa, as well as transcontinental countries with only part of their territory in Europe.[4]
Between 1956 and 2003, Germany made the most contest appearances, participating in all but one event since its founding.[5]Morocco conversely had participated the fewest times, competing only once in 1980.[6]Ukraine also competed only once, having debuted at the 2003 contest. Ireland held the record for the most victories, having won the contest seven times, including four wins in the 1990s.[7]France, Luxembourg and the United Kingdom were the second-most successful nations in the contest, having won on five occasions. In addition to its five contest wins, the United Kingdom has also placed second fifteen times–more than any other country–and also holds the record for the most consecutive contest appearances, competing in every edition since 1959.[8] Although it had also achieved two contest wins, Norway held the record for the most last-place finishes in contest history, having featured at the bottom of the scoreboard nine times.[9]
Entries
The following tables list the entries which have been performed at the contest between 1956 and 2003. Entries are listed by order of their first performance in the contest; entry numbers provide a cumulative total of all songs performed at the contest throughout its history, and a second cumulative total outlines the total entries for each country. Songs which were performed multiple times are counted only once in the tables, with entry numbers for the performances of semi-final qualifiers marked in italics in the respective finals.[10] For the purposes of the first contest, where each country was represented by two songs, each song is counted as a distinct entry but both songs are counted as a single entry for that country.
In line with the official Eurovision Song Contest website, entries which represented the former West Germany prior to German reunification (until 1990) and those from the subsequently unified state Germany (since 1991) are considered to have represented the same country.[5] Also in keeping with the official Eurovision records, the 1992 entry which represented the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, subsequently renamed Serbia and Montenegro in 2003, is listed as having represented Yugoslavia rather than Serbia and Montenegro; Serbia and Montenegro is therefore considered to have made its first appearance in 2004.[11][12]
Table key
1 Winner – Winning entries in each edition of the contest
2 Second place – Entries which came second in each edition of the contest
3 Third place – Entries which came third in each edition of the contest
◁ Last place – Entries which came last in each edition of the contest
"Ne mogu skriti svoju bol" (Не могу скрити своју бол)
Serbo-Croatian
17
Eurovision Song Contest 1977[34]
#
R/O
Country
#
Artist
Song
Language
Placing
328
1
Ireland
13
The Swarbriggs Plus Two
"It's Nice to Be in Love Again"
English
3
329
2
Monaco
19
Michèle Torr
"Une petite française"
French
4
330
3
Netherlands
22
Heddy Lester
"De mallemolen"
Dutch
12
331
4
Austria
16
Schmetterlinge [de]
"Boom Boom Boomerang"
German[c]
17
332
5
Norway
17
Anita Skorgan
"Casanova"
Norwegian
14
333
6
Germany
22
Silver Convention
"Telegram"
English
8
334
7
Luxembourg
21
Anne-Marie B [fr]
"Frère Jacques"
French
16
335
8
Portugal
13
Os Amigos
"Portugal no coração"
Portuguese
14
336
9
United Kingdom
20
Lynsey de Paul & Mike Moran
"Rock Bottom"
English
2
337
10
Greece
3
Pascalis [el], Marianna [el], Robert [el] & Bessy
"Mathima solfege" (Μάθημα σολφέζ)
Greek
5
338
11
Israel
5
Ilanit
"Ahava Hi Shir Lishnayim" (אהבה היא שיר לשניים)
Hebrew
11
339
12
Switzerland
22
Pepe Lienhard Band
"Swiss Lady"
German
6
340
13
Sweden
17
Forbes
"Beatles"
Swedish
18 ◁
341
14
Spain
17
Micky
"Enséñame a cantar"
Spanish
9
342
15
Italy
22
Mia Martini
"Libera"
Italian
13
343
16
Finland
16
Monica Aspelund
"Lapponia"
Finnish
10
344
17
Belgium
22
Dream Express
"A Million in One, Two, Three"
English
7
345
18
France
21
Marie Myriam
"L'oiseau et l'enfant"
French
1
Eurovision Song Contest 1978[35]
#
R/O
Country
#
Artist
Song
Language
Placing
346
1
Ireland
14
Colm C. T. Wilkinson
"Born to Sing"
English
5
347
2
Norway
18
Jahn Teigen
"Mil etter mil"
Norwegian
20 ◁
348
3
Italy
23
Ricchi e Poveri
"Questo amore"
Italian
12
349
4
Finland
17
Seija Simola
"Anna rakkaudelle tilaisuus"
Finnish
18
350
5
Portugal
14
Gemini
"Dai li dou"
Portuguese
17
351
6
France
22
Joël Prévost
"Il y aura toujours des violons"
French
3
352
7
Spain
18
José Vélez
"Bailemos un vals"
Spanish[b]
9
353
8
United Kingdom
21
Co-Co
"The Bad Old Days"
English
11
354
9
Switzerland
23
Carole Vinci [de]
"Vivre"
French
9
355
10
Belgium
23
Jean Vallée
"L'amour ça fait chanter la vie"
French
2
356
11
Netherlands
23
Harmony
"'t Is OK"
Dutch
13
357
12
Turkey
2
Nilüfer & Nazar
"Sevince"
Turkish
18
358
13
Germany
23
Ireen Sheer
"Feuer"
German
6
359
14
Monaco
20
Caline [fr] & Olivier Toussaint
"Les jardins de Monaco"
French
4
360
15
Greece
4
Tania Tsanaklidou
"Charlie Chaplin" (Τσάρλυ Τσάπλιν)
Greek
8
361
16
Denmark
11
Mabel
"Boom Boom"
Danish
16
362
17
Luxembourg
22
Baccara
"Parlez-vous français ?"
French
7
363
18
Israel
6
Izhar Cohen & the Alphabeta
"A-Ba-Ni-Bi" (א-ב-ני-בי)
Hebrew
1
364
19
Austria
17
Springtime
"Mrs. Caroline Robinson"
German[c]
15
365
20
Sweden
18
Björn Skifs
"Det blir alltid värre framåt natten"
Swedish
14
Eurovision Song Contest 1979[36]
#
R/O
Country
#
Artist
Song
Language
Placing
366
1
Portugal
15
Manuela Bravo
"Sobe, sobe, balão sobe"
Portuguese
9
367
2
Italy
24
Matia Bazar
"Raggio di luna"
Italian
15
368
3
Denmark
12
Tommy Seebach
"Disco Tango"
Danish
6
369
4
Ireland
15
Cathal Dunne
"Happy Man"
English
5
370
5
Finland
18
Katri Helena
"Katson sineen taivaan"
Finnish
14
371
6
Monaco
21
Laurent Vaguener
"Notre vie c'est la musique"
French
16
372
7
Greece
5
Elpida
"Sokrati" (Σωκράτη)
Greek
8
373
8
Switzerland
24
Peter, Sue and Marc & Pfuri, Gorps & Kniri
"Trödler und Co."
German
10
374
9
Germany
24
Dschinghis Khan
"Dschinghis Khan"
German
4
375
10
Israel
7
Milk and Honey
"Hallelujah" (הללויה)
Hebrew
1
376
11
France
23
Anne-Marie David
"Je suis l'enfant soleil"
French
3
377
12
Belgium
24
Micha Marah
"Hey Nana"
Dutch
18 ◁
378
13
Luxembourg
23
Jeane Manson
"J'ai déjà vu ça dans tes yeux"
French
13
379
14
Netherlands
24
Xandra
"Colorado"
Dutch
12
380
15
Sweden
19
Ted Gärdestad
"Satellit"
Swedish
17
381
16
Norway
19
Anita Skorgan
"Oliver"
Norwegian
11
382
17
United Kingdom
22
Black Lace
"Mary Ann"
English
7
383
18
Austria
18
Christina Simon
"Heute in Jerusalem"
German
18 ◁
384
19
Spain
19
Betty Missiego
"Su canción"
Spanish
2
1980s
Ireland's Johnny Logan remains the only performer to win multiple contests, and has contributed four contest entries as a performer and songwriter.
In 1980 Morocco's Samira Bensaïd performed the first, and as of 2021 [update] only, Eurovision entry from an African country.
Bobbysocks! were the first Norwegian act to win the contest in 1985.
Eurovision Song Contest 1980[37]
#
R/O
Country
#
Artist
Song
Language
Placing
385
1
Austria
19
Blue Danube
"Du bist Musik"
German
8
386
2
Turkey
3
Ajda Pekkan
"Pet'r Oil"
Turkish
15
387
3
Greece
6
Anna Vissi & the Epikouri
"Autostop" (Ωτοστόπ)
Greek
13
388
4
Luxembourg
24
Sophie & Magaly
"Papa pingouin"
French
9
389
5
Morocco
1
Samira Bensaïd
"Bitaqat Hub" (بطاقة حب)
Arabic
18
390
6
Italy
25
Alan Sorrenti
"Non so che darei"
Italian
6
391
7
Denmark
13
Bamses Venner
"Tænker altid på dig"
Danish
14
392
8
Sweden
20
Tomas Ledin
"Just nu!"
Swedish
10
393
9
Switzerland
25
Paola del Medico
"Cinéma"
French
4
394
10
Finland
19
Vesa-Matti Loiri
"Huilumies"
Finnish
19 ◁
395
11
Norway
20
Sverre Kjelsberg & Mattis Hætta
"Sámiid ædnan"
Norwegian[n]
16
396
12
Germany
25
Katja Ebstein
"Theater"
German
2
397
13
United Kingdom
23
Prima Donna
"Love Enough for Two"
English
3
398
14
Portugal
16
José Cid
"Um grande, grande amor"
Portuguese[b][c][e][g]
7
399
15
Netherlands
25
Maggie MacNeal
"Amsterdam"
Dutch
5
400
16
France
24
Profil
"Hé, hé, m'sieurs dames"
French
11
401
17
Ireland
16
Johnny Logan
"What's Another Year"
English
1
402
18
Spain
20
Trigo Limpio
"Quédate esta noche"
Spanish
12
403
19
Belgium
25
Telex
"Euro-Vision"
French
17
Eurovision Song Contest 1981[38]
#
R/O
Country
#
Artist
Song
Language
Placing
404
1
Austria
20
Marty Brem
"Wenn du da bist"
German
17
405
2
Turkey
4
Modern Folk Üçlüsü & Ayşegül
"Dönme Dolap"
Turkish
18
406
3
Germany
26
Lena Valaitis
"Johnny Blue"
German
2
407
4
Luxembourg
25
Jean-Claude Pascal
"C'est peut-être pas l'Amérique"
French
11
408
5
Israel
8
Hakol Over Habibi
"Halayla" (הלילה)
Hebrew
7
409
6
Denmark
14
Tommy Seebach & Debbie Cameron
"Krøller eller ej"
Danish
11
410
7
Yugoslavia
17
Seid Memić Vajta
"Lejla" (Лејла)
Serbo-Croatian
15
411
8
Finland
20
Riki Sorsa
"Reggae OK"
Finnish
16
412
9
France
25
Jean Gabilou
"Humanahum"
French
3
413
10
Spain
21
Bacchelli
"Y sólo tú"
Spanish
14
414
11
Netherlands
26
Linda Williams
"Het is een wonder"
Dutch
9
415
12
Ireland
17
Sheeba
"Horoscopes"
English
5
416
13
Norway
21
Finn Kalvik
"Aldri i livet"
Norwegian
20 ◁
417
14
United Kingdom
24
Bucks Fizz
"Making Your Mind Up"
English
1
418
15
Portugal
17
Carlos Paião
"Playback"
Portuguese
18
419
16
Belgium
26
Emly Starr
"Samson"
Dutch
13
420
17
Greece
7
Yiannis Dimitras
"Feggari kalokerino" (Φεγγάρι καλοκαιρινό)
Greek
8
421
18
Cyprus
1
Island
"Monika" (Μόνικα)
Greek
6
422
19
Switzerland
26
Peter, Sue and Marc
"Io senza te"
Italian
4
423
20
Sweden
21
Björn Skifs
"Fångad i en dröm"
Swedish
10
Eurovision Song Contest 1982[39]
#
R/O
Country
#
Artist
Song
Language
Placing
424
1
Portugal
18
Doce
"Bem bom"
Portuguese
13
425
2
Luxembourg
26
Svetlana
"Cours après le temps"
French
6
426
3
Norway
22
Jahn Teigen & Anita Skorgan
"Adieu"
Norwegian
12
427
4
United Kingdom
25
Bardo
"One Step Further"
English
7
428
5
Turkey
5
Neco [tr]
"Hani?"
Turkish
15
429
6
Finland
21
Kojo
"Nuku pommiin"
Finnish
18 ◁
430
7
Switzerland
27
Arlette Zola
"Amour on t'aime"
French
3
431
8
Cyprus
2
Anna Vissi
"Mono i agapi" (Μόνο η αγάπη)
Greek
5
432
9
Sweden
22
Chips
"Dag efter dag"
Swedish
8
433
10
Austria
21
Mess
"Sonntag"
German
9
434
11
Belgium
27
Stella
"Si tu aimes ma musique"
French
4
435
12
Spain
22
Lucía
"Él"
Spanish
10
436
13
Denmark
15
Brixx
"Video-video"
Danish
17
437
14
Yugoslavia
18
Aska
"Halo, halo" (Хало, хало)
Serbo-Croatian
14
438
15
Israel
9
Avi Toledano
"Hora" (הורה)
Hebrew
2
439
16
Netherlands
27
Bill van Dijk
"Jij en ik"
Dutch
16
440
17
Ireland
18
The Duskeys
"Here Today, Gone Tomorrow"
English
11
441
18
Germany
27
Nicole
"Ein bißchen Frieden"
German
1
Eurovision Song Contest 1983[40]
#
R/O
Country
#
Artist
Song
Language
Placing
442
1
France
26
Guy Bonnet
"Vivre"
French
8
443
2
Norway
23
Jahn Teigen
"Do re mi"
Norwegian
9
444
3
United Kingdom
26
Sweet Dreams
"I'm Never Giving Up"
English
6
445
4
Sweden
23
Carola
"Främling"
Swedish
3
446
5
Italy
26
Riccardo Fogli
"Per Lucia"
Italian
11
447
6
Turkey
6
Çetin Alp & The Short Waves
"Opera"
Turkish
19 ◁
448
7
Spain
23
Remedios Amaya
"¿Quién maneja mi barca?"
Spanish
19 ◁
449
8
Switzerland
28
Mariella Farré
"Io così non ci sto"
Italian
15
450
9
Finland
22
Ami Aspelund
"Fantasiaa"
Finnish
11
451
10
Greece
8
Christie Stassinopoulou
"Mou les" (Μου λες)
Greek
14
452
11
Netherlands
28
Bernadette
"Sing Me a Song"
Dutch[c]
7
453
12
Yugoslavia
19
Daniel
"Džuli" (Џули)
Serbo-Croatian
4
454
13
Cyprus
3
Stavros [de] & Constantina [el]
"I agapi akoma zi" (Η αγάπη ακόμα ζει)
Greek
16
455
14
Germany
28
Hoffmann & Hoffmann
"Rücksicht"
German
5
456
15
Denmark
16
Gry Johansen
"Kloden drejer"
Danish
17
457
16
Israel
10
Ofra Haza
"Hi" (חי)
Hebrew
2
458
17
Portugal
19
Armando Gama
"Esta balada que te dou"
Portuguese
13
459
18
Austria
22
Westend
"Hurricane"
German
9
460
19
Belgium
28
Pas de Deux
"Rendez-vous"
Dutch
18
461
20
Luxembourg
27
Corinne Hermès
"Si la vie est cadeau"
French
1
Eurovision Song Contest 1984[41]
#
R/O
Country
#
Artist
Song
Language
Placing
462
1
Sweden
24
Herreys
"Diggi-Loo Diggi-Ley"
Swedish
1
463
2
Luxembourg
28
Sophie Carle
"100% d'amour"
French
10
464
3
France
27
Annick Thoumazeau
"Autant d'amoureux que d'étoiles"
French
8
465
4
Spain
24
Bravo
"Lady, Lady"
Spanish[c]
3
466
5
Norway
24
Dollie de Luxe
"Lenge leve livet"
Norwegian
17
467
6
United Kingdom
27
Belle and the Devotions
"Love Games"
English
7
468
7
Cyprus
4
Andy Paul
"Anna Maria Lena" (Άννα Μαρία Λένα)
Greek
15
469
8
Belgium
29
Jacques Zegers
"Avanti la vie"
French[e]
5
470
9
Ireland
19
Linda Martin
"Terminal 3"
English
2
471
10
Denmark
17
Hot Eyes
"Det' lige det"
Danish
4
472
11
Netherlands
29
Maribelle
"Ik hou van jou"
Dutch
13
473
12
Yugoslavia
20
Izolda & Vlado
"Ciao, amore"
Serbo-Croatian
18
474
13
Austria
23
Anita
"Einfach weg"
German
19 ◁
475
14
Germany
29
Mary Roos
"Aufrecht geh'n"
German
13
476
15
Turkey
7
Beş Yıl Önce, On Yıl Sonra
"Halay"
Turkish
12
477
16
Finland
23
Kirka
"Hengaillaan"
Finnish
9
478
17
Switzerland
29
Rainy Day [fr]
"Welche Farbe hat der Sonnenschein?"
German
16
479
18
Italy
27
Alice & Franco Battiato
"I treni di Tozeur"
Italian[g]
5
480
19
Portugal
20
Maria Guinot
"Silêncio e tanta gente"
Portuguese
11
Eurovision Song Contest 1985[42]
#
R/O
Country
#
Artist
Song
Language
Placing
481
1
Ireland
20
Maria Christian
"Wait Until the Weekend Comes"
English
6
482
2
Finland
24
Sonja Lumme
"Eläköön elämä"
Finnish
9
483
3
Cyprus
5
Lia Vissi
"To katalava arga" (Το κατάλαβα αργά)
Greek
16
484
4
Denmark
18
Hot Eyes
"Sku' du spørg' fra no'en?"
Danish
11
485
5
Spain
25
Paloma San Basilio
"La fiesta terminó"
Spanish
14
486
6
France
28
Roger Bens
"Femme dans ses rêves aussi"
French
10
487
7
Turkey
8
MFÖ
"Didai Didai Dai"
Turkish
14
488
8
Belgium
30
Linda Lepomme
"Laat me nu gaan"
Dutch
19 ◁
489
9
Portugal
21
Adelaide
"Penso em ti, eu sei"
Portuguese
18
490
10
Germany
30
Wind
"Für alle"
German
2
491
11
Israel
11
Izhar Cohen
"Olé, Olé" (עולה, עולה)
Hebrew
5
492
12
Italy
28
Al Bano & Romina Power
"Magic Oh Magic"
Italian
7
493
13
Norway
25
Bobbysocks!
"La det swinge"
Norwegian
1
494
14
United Kingdom
28
Vikki
"Love Is…"
English
4
495
15
Switzerland
30
Mariella Farré & Pino Gasparini [de]
"Piano, piano"
German
12
496
16
Sweden
25
Kikki Danielsson
"Bra vibrationer"
Swedish
3
497
17
Austria
24
Gary Lux
"Kinder dieser Welt"
German
8
498
18
Luxembourg
29
Margo [nl], Franck Olivier, Diane Solomon, Ireen Sheer, Chris & Malcolm Roberts
"Children, Kinder, enfants"
French
13
499
19
Greece
9
Takis Biniaris
"Miazoume" (Μοιάζουμε)
Greek
16
Eurovision Song Contest 1986[43]
#
R/O
Country
#
Artist
Song
Language
Placing
500
1
Luxembourg
30
Sherisse Laurence
"L'amour de ma vie"
French
3
501
2
Yugoslavia
21
Doris Dragović
"Željo moja" (Жељо моја)
Serbo-Croatian
11
502
3
France
29
Cocktail Chic
"Européennes"
French
17
503
4
Norway
26
Ketil Stokkan
"Romeo"
Norwegian
12
504
5
United Kingdom
29
Ryder
"Runner in the Night"
English
7
505
6
Iceland
1
ICY
"Gleðibankinn"
Icelandic
16
506
7
Netherlands
30
Frizzle Sizzle
"Alles heeft ritme"
Dutch
13
507
8
Turkey
9
Klips ve Onlar
"Halley"
Turkish[b][c][e]
9
508
9
Spain
26
Cadillac
"Valentino"
Spanish
10
509
10
Switzerland
31
Daniela Simmons
"Pas pour moi"
French
2
510
11
Israel
12
Moti Giladi & Sarai Tzuriel [he]
"Yavo Yom" (יבוא יום)
Hebrew
19
511
12
Ireland
21
Luv Bug
"You Can Count on Me"
English
4
512
13
Belgium
31
Sandra Kim
"J'aime la vie"
French
1
513
14
Germany
31
Ingrid Peters
"Über die Brücke geh'n"
German
8
514
15
Cyprus
6
Elpida
"Tora zo" (Τώρα ζω)
Greek
20 ◁
515
16
Austria
25
Timna Brauer
"Die Zeit ist einsam"
German
18
516
17
Sweden
26
Lasse Holm & Monica Törnell
"E' de' det här du kallar kärlek?"
Swedish
5
517
18
Denmark
19
Lise Haavik
"Du er fuld af løgn"
Danish
6
518
19
Finland
25
Kari
"Never the End"
Finnish
15
519
20
Portugal
22
Dora
"Não sejas mau para mim"
Portuguese
14
Eurovision Song Contest 1987[44]
#
R/O
Country
#
Artist
Song
Language
Placing
520
1
Norway
27
Kate Gulbrandsen
"Mitt liv"
Norwegian
9
521
2
Israel
13
Datner [he] & Kushnir
"Shir Habatlanim" (שיר הבטלנים)
Hebrew
8
522
3
Austria
26
Gary Lux
"Nur noch Gefühl"
German
20
523
4
Iceland
2
Halla Margrét
"Hægt og hljótt"
Icelandic
16
524
5
Belgium
32
Liliane Saint-Pierre
"Soldiers of Love"
Dutch[c]
11
525
6
Sweden
27
Lotta Engberg
"Boogaloo"
Swedish
12
526
7
Italy
29
Umberto Tozzi & Raf
"Gente di mare"
Italian
3
527
8
Portugal
23
Nevada
"Neste barco à vela"
Portuguese
18
528
9
Spain
27
Patricia Kraus
"No estás solo"
Spanish
19
529
10
Turkey
10
Seyyal Taner & Lokomotif
"Şarkım Sevgi Üstüne"
Turkish
22 ◁
530
11
Greece
10
Bang
"Stop" (Στοπ)
Greek
10
531
12
Netherlands
31
Marcha
"Rechtop in de wind"
Dutch
5
532
13
Luxembourg
31
Plastic Bertrand
"Amour, amour"
French
21
533
14
United Kingdom
30
Rikki
"Only the Light"
English
13
534
15
France
30
Christine Minier
"Les mots d'amour n'ont pas de dimanche"
French
14
535
16
Germany
32
Wind
"Lass die Sonne in dein Herz"
German
2
536
17
Cyprus
7
Alexia [el]
"Aspro mavro" (Άσπρο μαύρο)
Greek
7
537
18
Finland
26
Vicky Rosti
"Sata salamaa"
Finnish
15
538
19
Denmark
20
Anne-Cathrine Herdorf & Bandjo [da]
"En lille melodi"
Danish
5
539
20
Ireland
22
Johnny Logan
"Hold Me Now"
English
1
540
21
Yugoslavia
22
Novi fosili
"Ja sam za ples" (Ја сам за плес)
Serbo-Croatian[c]
4
541
22
Switzerland
32
Carol Rich
"Moitié, moitié"
French
17
Eurovision Song Contest 1988[45]
#
R/O
Country
#
Artist
Song
Language
Placing
542
1
Iceland
3
Beathoven [is]
"Þú og þeir (Sókrates)"
Icelandic
16
543
2
Sweden
28
Tommy Körberg
"Stad i ljus"
Swedish
12
544
3
Finland
27
Boulevard
"Nauravat silmät muistetaan"
Finnish
20
545
4
United Kingdom
31
Scott Fitzgerald
"Go"
English
2
546
5
Turkey
11
MFÖ
"Sufi"
Turkish
15
547
6
Spain
28
La Década
"La chica que yo quiero (Made in Spain)"
Spanish
11
548
7
Netherlands
32
Gerard Joling
"Shangri-La"
Dutch
9
549
8
Israel
14
Yardena Arazi
"Ben Adam" (בן אדם)
Hebrew
7
550
9
Switzerland
33
Céline Dion
"Ne partez pas sans moi"
French
1
551
10
Ireland
23
Jump the Gun
"Take Him Home"
English
8
552
11
Germany
33
Maxi & Chris Garden [de]
"Lied für einen Freund"
German
14
553
12
Austria
27
Wilfried
"Lisa Mona Lisa"
German
21 ◁
554
13
Denmark
21
Kirsten & Søren
"Ka' du se hva' jeg sa'?"
Danish
3
555
14
Greece
11
Afrodite Fryda
"Kloun" (Κλόουν)
Greek
17
556
15
Norway
28
Karoline Krüger
"For vår jord"
Norwegian
5
557
16
Belgium
33
Reynaert
"Laissez briller le soleil"
French
18
558
17
Luxembourg
32
Lara Fabian
"Croire"
French
4
559
18
Italy
30
Luca Barbarossa
"Vivo (Ti scrivo)"
Italian
12
560
19
France
31
Gérard Lenorman
"Chanteur de charme"
French
10
561
20
Portugal
24
Dora
"Voltarei"
Portuguese
18
562
21
Yugoslavia
23
Srebrna krila
"Mangup" (Мангуп)
Serbo-Croatian
6
Eurovision Song Contest 1989[46]
#
R/O
Country
#
Artist
Song
Language
Placing
563
1
Italy
31
Anna Oxa & Fausto Leali
"Avrei voluto"
Italian
9
564
2
Israel
15
Gili & Galit [he]
"Derekh Hamelekh" (דרך המלך)
Hebrew
12
565
3
Ireland
24
Kiev Connolly & The Missing Passengers [de]
"The Real Me"
English
18
566
4
Netherlands
33
Justine Pelmelay
"Blijf zoals je bent"
Dutch
15
567
5
Turkey
12
Pan
"Bana Bana"
Turkish
21
568
6
Belgium
34
Ingeborg
"Door de wind"
Dutch
19
569
7
United Kingdom
32
Live Report
"Why Do I Always Get It Wrong"
English
2
570
8
Norway
29
Britt Synnøve Johansen
"Venners nærhet"
Norwegian
17
571
9
Portugal
25
Da Vinci
"Conquistador"
Portuguese
16
572
10
Sweden
29
Tommy Nilsson
"En dag"
Swedish
4
573
11
Luxembourg
33
Park Café
"Monsieur"
French
20
574
12
Denmark
22
Birthe Kjær
"Vi maler byen rød"
Danish
3
575
13
Austria
28
Thomas Forstner
"Nur ein Lied"
German
5
576
14
Finland
28
Anneli Saaristo
"La dolce vita"
Finnish
7
577
15
France
32
Nathalie Pâque
"J'ai volé la vie"
French
8
578
16
Spain
29
Nina
"Nacida para amar"
Spanish
6
579
17
Cyprus
8
Fani Polymeri [el] & Yiannis Savvidakis [el]
"Apopse as vrethume" (Απόψε ας βρεθούμε)
Greek
11
580
18
Switzerland
34
Furbaz
"Viver senza tei"
Romansh
13
581
19
Greece
12
Marianna Efstratiou
"To diko sou asteri" (Το δικό σου αστέρι)
Greek
9
582
20
Iceland
4
Daníel Ágúst Haraldsson
"Það sem enginn sér"
Icelandic
22 ◁
583
21
Germany
34
Nino de Angelo
"Flieger"
German
14
584
22
Yugoslavia
24
Riva
"Rock Me"
Serbo-Croatian[c]
1
1990s
Linda Martin performed the first of three consecutive Eurovision winners for Ireland in the 1990s.
Edyta Górniak performed Poland's first Eurovision entry in 1994.
Tor Endresen received nul points for his entry in 1997, the fourth Norwegian act to achieve this feat.
Dana International earned Israel's third Eurovision victory in 1998, and became the contest's first transgender winner. [47]
Eurovision Song Contest 1990[48]
#
R/O
Country
#
Artist
Song
Language
Placing
585
1
Spain
30
Azúcar Moreno
"Bandido"
Spanish
5
586
2
Greece
13
Christos Callow & Wave
"Horis skopo" (Χωρίς σκοπό)
Greek
19
587
3
Belgium
35
Philippe Lafontaine
"Macédomienne"
French
12
588
4
Turkey
13
Kayahan
"Gözlerinin Hapsindeyim"
Turkish
17
589
5
Netherlands
34
Maywood
"Ik wil alles met je delen"
Dutch
15
590
6
Luxembourg
34
Céline Carzo
"Quand je te rêve"
French
13
591
7
United Kingdom
33
Emma
"Give a Little Love Back to the World"
English
6
592
8
Iceland
5
Stjórnin
"Eitt lag enn"
Icelandic
4
593
9
Norway
30
Ketil Stokkan
"Brandenburger Tor"
Norwegian
21 ◁
594
10
Israel
16
Rita
"Shara Barkhovot" (שרה ברחובות)
Hebrew
18
595
11
Denmark
23
Lonnie Devantier
"Hallo hallo"
Danish
8
596
12
Switzerland
35
Egon Egemann
"Musik klingt in die Welt hinaus"
German
11
597
13
Germany
35
Chris Kempers & Daniel Kovac
"Frei zu leben"
German
9
598
14
France
33
Joëlle Ursull
"White and Black Blues"
French
2
599
15
Yugoslavia
25
Tajči
"Hajde da ludujemo" (Хајде да лудујемо)
Serbo-Croatian
7
600
16
Portugal
26
Nucha
"Há sempre alguém"
Portuguese
20
601
17
Ireland
25
Liam Reilly
"Somewhere in Europe"
English
2
602
18
Sweden
30
Edin-Ådahl
"Som en vind"
Swedish
16
603
19
Italy
32
Toto Cutugno
"Insieme: 1992"
Italian
1
604
20
Austria
29
Simone
"Keine Mauern mehr"
German[b][c][j]
10
605
21
Cyprus
9
Haris Anastasiou
"Milas poli" (Μιλάς πολύ)
Greek
14
606
22
Finland
29
Beat
"Fri?"
Swedish
21 ◁
Eurovision Song Contest 1991[49]
#
R/O
Country
#
Artist
Song
Language
Placing
607
1
Yugoslavia
26
Baby Doll
"Brazil" (Бразил)
Serbo-Croatian
21
608
2
Iceland
6
Stefán & Eyfi [is]
"Draumur um Nínu (Nína)"
Icelandic
15
609
3
Malta
4
Georgina & Paul Giordimaina [de]
"Could It Be"
English
6
610
4
Greece
14
Sophia Vossou
"I anixi" (Η άνοιξη)
Greek
13
611
5
Switzerland
36
Sandra Simó
"Canzone per te"
Italian
5
612
6
Austria
30
Thomas Forstner
"Venedig im Regen"
German
22 ◁
613
7
Luxembourg
35
Sarah Bray [fr]
"Un baiser volé"
French
14
614
8
Sweden
31
Carola
"Fångad av en stormvind"
Swedish
1
615
9
France
34
Amina
"C'est le dernier qui a parlé qui a raison"
French
2
616
10
Turkey
14
Can Uğurluer, İzel Çeliköz & Reyhan Karaca
"İki Dakika"
Turkish
12
617
11
Ireland
26
Kim Jackson
"Could It Be That I'm in Love"
English
10
618
12
Portugal
27
Dulce Pontes
"Lusitana paixão"
Portuguese
8
619
13
Denmark
24
Anders Frandsen
"Lige der hvor hjertet slår"
Danish
19
620
14
Norway
31
Just 4 Fun
"Mrs. Thompson"
Norwegian
17
621
15
Israel
17
Duo Datz
"Kan" (כאן)
Hebrew
3
622
16
Finland
30
Kaija
"Hullu yö"
Finnish
20
623
17
Germany
36
Atlantis 2000
"Dieser Traum darf niemals sterben"
German
18
624
18
Belgium
36
Clouseau
"Geef het op"
Dutch
16
625
19
Spain
31
Sergio Dalma
"Bailar pegados"
Spanish
4
626
20
United Kingdom
34
Samantha Janus
"A Message to Your Heart"
English
10
627
21
Cyprus
10
Elena Patroklou
"S.O.S."
Greek
9
628
22
Italy
33
Peppino di Capri
"Comme è ddoce 'o mare"
Neapolitan
7
Eurovision Song Contest 1992[50]
#
R/O
Country
#
Artist
Song
Language
Placing
629
1
Spain
32
Serafín Zubiri
"Todo esto es la música"
Spanish
14
630
2
Belgium
37
Morgane
"Nous, on veut des violons"
French
20
631
3
Israel
18
Dafna Dekel
"Ze Rak Sport" (זה רק ספורט)
Hebrew
6
632
4
Turkey
15
Aylin Vatankoş
"Yaz Bitti"
Turkish
19
633
5
Greece
15
Cleopatra
"Olou tou kosmou i Elpida" (Όλου του κόσμου η Ελπίδα)
Greek
5
634
6
France
35
Kali
"Monté la riviè"
French, Antillean Creole
8
635
7
Sweden
32
Christer Björkman
"I morgon är en annan dag"
Swedish
22
636
8
Portugal
28
Dina
"Amor d'água fresca"
Portuguese
17
637
9
Cyprus
11
Evridiki
"Teriazoume" (Ταιριάζουμε)
Greek
11
638
10
Malta
5
Mary Spiteri
"Little Child"
English
3
639
11
Iceland
7
Heart 2 Heart
"Nei eða já"
Icelandic
7
640
12
Finland
31
Pave
"Yamma, yamma"
Finnish
23 ◁
641
13
Switzerland
37
Daisy Auvray [de]
"Mister Music Man"
French
15
642
14
Luxembourg
36
Marion Welter & Kontinent
"Sou fräi"
Luxembourgish
21
643
15
Austria
31
Tony Wegas
"Zusammen geh'n"
German
10
644
16
United Kingdom
35
Michael Ball
"One Step Out of Time"
English
2
645
17
Ireland
27
Linda Martin
"Why Me?"
English
1
646
18
Denmark
25
Lotte Nilsson [da] & Kenny Lübcke [da]
"Alt det som ingen ser"
Danish
12
647
19
Italy
34
Mia Martini
"Rapsodia"
Italian
4
648
20
Yugoslavia
27
Extra Nena [sr]
"Ljubim te pesmama" (Љубим те песмама)
Serbian
13
649
21
Norway
32
Merethe Trøan
"Visjoner"
Norwegian
18
650
22
Germany
37
Wind
"Träume sind für alle da"
German
16
651
23
Netherlands
35
Humphrey Campbell
"Wijs me de weg"
Dutch
9
Eurovision Song Contest 1993[51]
#
R/O
Country
#
Artist
Song
Language
Placing
652
1
Italy
35
Enrico Ruggeri
"Sole d'Europa"
Italian
12
653
2
Turkey
16
Burak Aydos [tr]
"Esmer Yarim"
Turkish
21
654
3
Germany
38
Münchener Freiheit
"Viel zu weit"
German
18
655
4
Switzerland
38
Annie Cotton
"Moi, tout simplement"
French
3
656
5
Denmark
26
Tommy Seebach Band
"Under stjernerne på himlen"
Danish
22
657
6
Greece
16
Katerina Garbi
"Ellada, hora tou fotos" (Ελλάδα, χώρα του φωτός)
Greek
9
658
7
Belgium
38
Barbara Dex
"Iemand als jij"
Dutch
25 ◁
659
8
Malta
6
William Mangion
"This Time"
English
8
660
9
Iceland
8
Inga [is]
"Þá veistu svarið"
Icelandic
13
661
10
Austria
32
Tony Wegas
"Maria Magdalena"
German
14
662
11
Portugal
29
Anabela
"A cidade (até ser dia)"
Portuguese
10
663
12
France
36
Patrick Fiori
"Mama Corsica"
French, Corsican
4
664
13
Sweden
33
Arvingarna
"Eloise"
Swedish
7
665
14
Ireland
28
Niamh Kavanagh
"In Your Eyes"
English
1
666
15
Luxembourg
37
Modern Times
"Donne-moi une chance"
French, Luxembourgish
20
667
16
Slovenia
1
1X Band
"Tih deževen dan"
Slovene
22
668
17
Finland
32
Katri Helena
"Tule luo"
Finnish
17
669
18
Bosnia and Herzegovina
1
Fazla
"Sva bol svijeta"
Bosnian
16
670
19
United Kingdom
36
Sonia
"Better the Devil You Know"
English
2
671
20
Netherlands
36
Ruth Jacott
"Vrede"
Dutch
6
672
21
Croatia
1
Put
"Don't Ever Cry"
Croatian, English
15
673
22
Spain
33
Eva Santamaría
"Hombres"
Spanish
11
674
23
Cyprus
12
Zymboulakis & Van Beke [de]
"Mi stamatas" (Μη σταματάς)
Greek
19
675
24
Israel
19
Lahakat Shiru
"Shiru" (שירו)
Hebrew, English
24
676
25
Norway
33
Silje Vige
"Alle mine tankar"
Norwegian
5
Eurovision Song Contest 1994[52]
#
R/O
Country
#
Artist
Song
Language
Placing
677
1
Sweden
34
Marie Bergman & Roger Pontare
"Stjärnorna"
Swedish
13
678
2
Finland
33
CatCat
"Bye Bye Baby"
Finnish
22
679
3
Ireland
29
Paul Harrington & Charlie McGettigan
"Rock 'n' Roll Kids"
English
1
680
4
Cyprus
13
Evridiki
"Eimai anthropos ki ego" (Είμαι άνθρωπος κι εγώ)
Greek
11
681
5
Iceland
9
Sigga
"Nætur"
Icelandic
12
682
6
United Kingdom
37
Frances Ruffelle
"We Will Be Free (Lonely Symphony)"
English
10
683
7
Croatia
2
Tony Cetinski
"Nek' ti bude ljubav sva"
Croatian
16
684
8
Portugal
30
Sara Tavares
"Chamar a música"
Portuguese
8
685
9
Switzerland
39
Duilio
"Sto pregando"
Italian
19
686
10
Estonia
1
Silvi Vrait
"Nagu merelaine"
Estonian
24
687
11
Romania
1
Dan Bittman
"Dincolo de nori"
Romanian
21
688
12
Malta
7
Chris and Moira
"More Than Love"
English
5
689
13
Netherlands
37
Willeke Alberti
"Waar is de zon"
Dutch
23
690
14
Germany
39
MeKaDo
"Wir geben 'ne Party"
German[c]
3
691
15
Slovakia
1
Martin Ďurinda & Tublatanka
"Nekonečná pieseň"
Slovak
19
692
16
Lithuania
1
Ovidijus Vyšniauskas
"Lopšinė mylimai"
Lithuanian
25 ◁
693
17
Norway
34
Elisabeth Andreassen & Jan Werner Danielsen
"Duett"
Norwegian
6
694
18
Bosnia and Herzegovina
2
Alma & Dejan
"Ostani kraj mene"
Bosnian
15
695
19
Greece
17
Kostas Bigalis & The Sea Lovers
"To trehandiri" (Το τρεχαντήρι)
Greek
14
696
20
Austria
33
Petra Frey
"Für den Frieden der Welt"
German
17
697
21
Spain
34
Alejandro Abad
"Ella no es ella"
Spanish
18
698
22
Hungary
1
Friderika Bayer
"Kinek mondjam el vétkeimet?"
Hungarian
4
699
23
Russia
1
Youddiph
"Vechnyy strannik" (Вечный странник)
Russian
9
700
24
Poland
1
Edyta Górniak
"To nie ja!"
Polish
2
701
25
France
37
Nina Morato
"Je suis un vrai garçon"
French
7
Eurovision Song Contest 1995[53]
#
R/O
Country
#
Artist
Song
Language
Placing
702
1
Poland
2
Justyna
"Sama"
Polish
18
703
2
Ireland
30
Eddie Friel
"Dreamin'"
English
14
704
3
Germany
40
Stone & Stone
"Verliebt in Dich"
German
23 ◁
705
4
Bosnia and Herzegovina
3
Davor Popović
"Dvadeset prvi vijek"
Bosnian
19
706
5
Norway
35
Secret Garden
"Nocturne"
Norwegian
1
707
6
Russia
2
Philipp Kirkorov
"Kolybel'naya dlya vulkana" (Колыбельная для вулкана)
Russian
17
708
7
Iceland
10
Bo Halldórsson
"Núna"
Icelandic
15
709
8
Austria
34
Stella Jones [de]
"Die Welt dreht sich verkehrt"
German
13
710
9
Spain
35
Anabel Conde
"Vuelve conmigo"
Spanish
2
711
10
Turkey
17
Arzu Ece
"Sev"
Turkish
16
712
11
Croatia
3
Magazin & Lidija
"Nostalgija"
Croatian
6
713
12
France
38
Nathalie Santamaria
"Il me donne rendez-vous"
French
4
714
13
Hungary
2
Csaba Szigeti [hu]
"Új név a régi ház falán"
Hungarian
22
715
14
Belgium
39
Frédéric Etherlinck
"La voix est libre"
French
20
716
15
United Kingdom
38
Love City Groove
"Love City Groove"
English
10
717
16
Portugal
31
Tó Cruz
"Baunilha e chocolate"
Portuguese
21
718
17
Cyprus
14
Alexandros Panayi
"Sti fotia" (Στη φωτιά)
Greek
9
719
18
Sweden
35
Jan Johansen
"Se på mig"
Swedish
3
720
19
Denmark
27
Aud Wilken
"Fra Mols til Skagen"
Danish
5
721
20
Slovenia
2
Darja Švajger
"Prisluhni mi"
Slovene
7
722
21
Israel
20
Liora [he]
"Amen" (אמן)
Hebrew
8
723
22
Malta
8
Mike Spiteri [de]
"Keep Me in Mind"
English
10
724
23
Greece
18
Elina Konstantopoulou
"Pia prosefhi" (Ποια προσευχή)
Greek[o]
12
Eurovision Song Contest 1996[54]
#
R/O
Country
#
Artist
Song
Language
Placing
725
1
Turkey
18
Şebnem Paker
"Beşinci Mevsim"
Turkish
12
726
2
United Kingdom
39
Gina G
"Ooh Aah... Just a Little Bit"
English
8
727
3
Spain
36
Antonio Carbonell
"¡Ay, qué deseo!"
Spanish
20
728
4
Portugal
32
Lúcia Moniz
"O meu coração não tem cor"
Portuguese
6
729
5
Cyprus
15
Constantinos Christoforou
"Mono yia mas" (Μόνο για μας)
Greek
9
730
6
Malta
9
Miriam Christine
"In a Woman's Heart"
English
10
731
7
Croatia
4
Maja Blagdan
"Sveta ljubav"
Croatian
4
732
8
Austria
35
George Nussbaumer [de]
"Weil's dr guat got"
Vorarlbergish
10
733
9
Switzerland
40
Kathy Leander
"Mon cœur l'aime"
French
16
734
10
Greece
19
Marianna Efstratiou
"Emis forame to himona anixiatika" (Εμείς φοράμε το χειμώνα ανοιξιάτικα)
Greek
14
735
11
Estonia
2
Maarja-Liis Ilus & Ivo Linna
"Kaelakee hääl"
Estonian
5
736
12
Norway
36
Elisabeth Andreassen
"I evighet"
Norwegian
2
737
13
France
39
Dan Ar Braz & L'Héritage des Celtes
"Diwanit bugale"
Breton
19
738
14
Slovenia
3
Regina
"Dan najlepših sanj"
Slovene
21
739
15
Netherlands
38
Maxine & Franklin Brown
"De eerste keer"
Dutch
7
740
16
Belgium
40
Lisa del Bo
"Liefde is een kaartspel"
Dutch
16
741
17
Ireland
31
Eimear Quinn
"The Voice"
English
1
742
18
Finland
34
Jasmine
"Niin kaunis on taivas"
Finnish
23 ◁
743
19
Iceland
11
Anna Mjöll
"Sjúbídú"
Icelandic
13
744
20
Poland
3
Kasia Kowalska
"Chcę znać swój grzech..."
Polish
15
745
21
Bosnia and Herzegovina
4
Amila Glamočak
"Za našu ljubav"
Bosnian
22
746
22
Slovakia
2
Marcel Palonder
"Kým nás máš"
Slovak
18
747
23
Sweden
36
One More Time
"Den vilda"
Swedish
3
Eurovision Song Contest 1997[55]
#
R/O
Country
#
Artist
Song
Language
Placing
748
1
Cyprus
16
Hara & Andreas Konstantinou
"Mana mou" (Μάνα μου)
Greek
5
749
2
Turkey
19
Şebnem Paker & Grup Etnic
"Dinle"
Turkish
3
750
3
Norway
37
Tor Endresen
"San Francisco"
Norwegian[c]
24 ◁
751
4
Austria
36
Bettina Soriat
"One Step"
German[c]
21
752
5
Ireland
32
Marc Roberts
"Mysterious Woman"
English
2
753
6
Slovenia
4
Tanja Ribič
"Zbudi se"
Slovene
10
754
7
Switzerland
41
Barbara Berta [fr]
"Dentro di me"
Italian
22
755
8
Netherlands
39
Mrs. Einstein
"Niemand heeft nog tijd"
Dutch
22
756
9
Italy
36
Jalisse
"Fiumi di parole"
Italian
4
757
10
Spain
37
Marcos Llunas
"Sin rencor"
Spanish
6
758
11
Germany
41
Bianca Shomburg
"Zeit"
German
18
759
12
Poland
4
Anna Maria Jopek
"Ale jestem"
Polish
11
760
13
Estonia
3
Maarja-Liis Ilus
"Keelatud maa"
Estonian
8
761
14
Bosnia and Herzegovina
5
Alma Čardžić
"Goodbye"
Bosnian
18
762
15
Portugal
33
Célia Lawson [pt]
"Antes do adeus"
Portuguese
24 ◁
763
16
Sweden
37
Blond
"Bara hon älskar mig"
Swedish
14
764
17
Greece
20
Marianna Zorba
"Horepse" (Χόρεψε)
Greek
12
765
18
Malta
10
Debbie Scerri
"Let Me Fly"
English
9
766
19
Hungary
3
V.I.P.
"Miért kell, hogy elmenj?"
Hungarian
12
767
20
Russia
3
Alla Pugacheva
"Primadonna" (Примадонна)
Russian
15
768
21
Denmark
28
Kølig Kaj
"Stemmen i mit liv"
Danish
16
769
22
France
40
Fanny
"Sentiments songes"
French
7
770
23
Croatia
5
E.N.I.
"Probudi me"
Croatian
17
771
24
United Kingdom
40
Katrina and the Waves
"Love Shine a Light"
English
1
772
25
Iceland
12
Paul Oscar
"Minn hinsti dans"
Icelandic
20
Eurovision Song Contest 1998[56]
#
R/O
Country
#
Artist
Song
Language
Placing
773
1
Croatia
6
Danijela
"Neka mi ne svane"
Croatian
5
774
2
Greece
21
Thalassa
"Mia krifi evesthisia" (Μια κρυφή ευαισθησία)
Greek
20
775
3
France
41
Marie Line
"Où aller"
French
24
776
4
Spain
38
Mikel Herzog
"¿Qué voy a hacer sin ti?"
Spanish
16
777
5
Switzerland
42
Gunvor
"Lass ihn"
German
25 ◁
778
6
Slovakia
3
Katarína Hasprová
"Modlitba"
Slovak
21
779
7
Poland
5
Sixteen
"To takie proste"
Polish
17
780
8
Israel
21
Dana International
"Diva" (דיווה)
Hebrew
1
781
9
Germany
42
Guildo Horn
"Guildo hat euch lieb!"
German
7
782
10
Malta
11
Chiara
"The One That I Love"
English
3
783
11
Hungary
4
Charlie
"A holnap már nem lesz szomorú"
Hungarian
23
784
12
Slovenia
5
Vili Resnik
"Naj bogovi slišijo"
Slovene
18
785
13
Ireland
33
Dawn Martin
"Is Always Over Now?"
English
9
786
14
Portugal
34
Alma Lusa
"Se eu te pudesse abraçar"
Portuguese
12
787
15
Romania
2
Mălina Olinescu
"Eu cred"
Romanian
22
788
16
United Kingdom
41
Imaani
"Where Are You?"
English
2
789
17
Cyprus
17
Michael Hajiyanni
"Genesis" (Γένεσις)
Greek
11
790
18
Netherlands
40
Edsilia Rombley
"Hemel en aarde"
Dutch
4
791
19
Sweden
38
Jill Johnson
"Kärleken är"
Swedish
10
792
20
Belgium
41
Mélanie Cohl
"Dis oui"
French
6
793
21
Finland
35
Edea
"Aava"
Finnish
15
794
22
Norway
38
Lars A. Fredriksen
"Alltid sommer"
Norwegian
8
795
23
Estonia
4
Koit Toome
"Mere lapsed"
Estonian
12
796
24
Turkey
20
Tüzmen
"Unutamazsın"
Turkish
14
797
25
Macedonia
1
Vlado Janevski
"Ne zori, zoro" (Не зори, зоро)
Macedonian
19
Eurovision Song Contest 1999[57]
#
R/O
Country
#
Artist
Song
Language
Placing
798
1
Lithuania
2
Aistė
"Strazdas"
Samogitian
20
799
2
Belgium
42
Vanessa Chinitor
"Like the Wind"
English
12
800
3
Spain
39
Lydia
"No quiero escuchar"
Spanish
23 ◁
801
4
Croatia
7
Doris Dragović
"Marija Magdalena"
Croatian
4
802
5
United Kingdom
42
Precious
"Say It Again"
English
12
803
6
Slovenia
6
Darja Švajger
"For a Thousand Years"
English
11
804
7
Turkey
21
Tuba Önal & Grup Mistik
"Dön Artık"
Turkish
16
805
8
Norway
39
Van Eijk
"Living My Life Without You"
English
14
806
9
Denmark
29
Trine Jepsen & Michael Teschl
"This Time I Mean It"
English
8
807
10
France
42
Nayah
"Je veux donner ma voix"
French
19
808
11
Netherlands
41
Marlayne
"One Good Reason"
English
8
809
12
Poland
6
Mietek Szcześniak [pl]
"Przytul mnie mocno"
Polish
18
810
13
Iceland
13
Selma
"All Out of Luck"
English
2
811
14
Cyprus
18
Marlain
"Tha'nai erotas" (Θα'ναι έρωτας)
Greek
22
812
15
Sweden
39
Charlotte Nilsson
"Take Me to Your Heaven"
English
1
813
16
Portugal
35
Rui Bandeira
"Como tudo começou"
Portuguese
21
814
17
Ireland
34
The Mullans
"When You Need Me"
English
17
815
18
Austria
37
Bobbie Singer
"Reflection"
English
10
816
19
Israel
22
Eden
"Yom Huledet" (יום הולדת)
Hebrew, English
5
817
20
Malta
12
Times Three
"Believe 'n Peace"
English
15
818
21
Germany
43
Sürpriz
"Reise nach Jerusalem – Kudüs'e seyahat"
German, Turkish, English[i]
3
819
22
Bosnia and Herzegovina
6
Dino & Béatrice
"Putnici"
Bosnian, French
7
820
23
Estonia
5
Evelin Samuel & Camille
"Diamond of Night"
English
6
2000s
Marie N was the first artist to win the contest for Latvia in 2002.
Eurovision Song Contest 2000[58]
#
R/O
Country
#
Artist
Song
Language
Placing
821
1
Israel
23
PingPong
"Sameach" (שמח)
Hebrew[c]
22
822
2
Netherlands
42
Linda Wagenmakers
"No Goodbyes"
English
13
823
3
United Kingdom
43
Nicki French
"Don't Play That Song Again"
English
16
824
4
Estonia
6
Ines
"Once in a Lifetime"
English
4
825
5
France
43
Sofia Mestari
"On aura le ciel"
French
23
826
6
Romania
3
Taxi
"The Moon"
English
17
827
7
Malta
13
Claudette Pace
"Desire"
English[p]
8
828
8
Norway
40
Charmed
"My Heart Goes Boom"
English
11
829
9
Russia
4
Alsou
"Solo"
English
2
830
10
Belgium
43
Nathalie Sorce
"Envie de vivre"
French
24 ◁
831
11
Cyprus
19
Voice
"Nomiza" (Νόμιζα)
Greek, Italian
21
832
12
Iceland
14
August & Telma
"Tell Me!"
English
12
833
13
Spain
40
Serafín Zubiri
"Colgado de un sueño"
Spanish
18
834
14
Denmark
30
Olsen Brothers
"Fly on the Wings of Love"
English
1
835
15
Germany
44
Stefan Raab
"Wadde hadde dudde da?"
German, English
5
836
16
Switzerland
43
Jane Bogaert [de]
"La vita cos'è?"
Italian
20
837
17
Croatia
8
Goran Karan
"Kad zaspu anđeli"
Croatian
9
838
18
Sweden
40
Roger Pontare
"When Spirits Are Calling My Name"
English
7
839
19
Macedonia
2
XXL
"100% te ljubam" (100% те љубам)
Macedonian, English
15
840
20
Finland
36
Nina Åström
"A Little Bit"
English
18
841
21
Latvia
1
Brainstorm
"My Star"
English
3
842
22
Turkey
22
Pınar Ayhan & the S.O.S.
"Yorgunum Anla"
Turkish, English
10
843
23
Ireland
35
Eamonn Toal
"Millennium of Love"
English
6
844
24
Austria
38
The Rounder Girls
"All to You"
English
14
Eurovision Song Contest 2001[59]
#
R/O
Country
#
Artist
Song
Language
Placing
845
1
Netherlands
43
Michelle
"Out On My Own"
English
18
846
2
Iceland
15
Two Tricky
"Angel"
English
22 ◁
847
3
Bosnia and Herzegovina
7
Nino Pršeš
"Hano"
Bosnian, English
14
848
4
Norway
41
Haldor Lægreid
"On My Own"
English
22 ◁
849
5
Israel
24
Tal Sondak
"En Davar" (אין דבר)
Hebrew
16
850
6
Russia
5
Mumiy Troll
"Lady Alpine Blue"
English
12
851
7
Sweden
41
Friends
"Listen to Your Heartbeat"
English
5
852
8
Lithuania
3
Skamp
"You Got Style"
English, Lithuanian
13
853
9
Latvia
2
Arnis Mednis
"Too Much"
English
18
854
10
Croatia
9
Vanna
"Strings of My Heart"
English
10
855
11
Portugal
36
MTM
"Só sei ser feliz assim"
Portuguese
17
856
12
Ireland
36
Gary O'Shaughnessy
"Without Your Love"
English
21
857
13
Spain
41
David Civera
"Dile que la quiero"
Spanish
6
858
14
France
44
Natasha St-Pier
"Je n'ai que mon âme"
French, English
4
859
15
Turkey
23
Sedat Yüce
"Sevgiliye Son"
Turkish, English
11
860
16
United Kingdom
44
Lindsay Dracass
"No Dream Impossible"
English
15
861
17
Slovenia
7
Nuša Derenda
"Energy"
English
7
862
18
Poland
7
Piasek
"2 Long"
English
20
863
19
Germany
45
Michelle
"Wer Liebe lebt"
German, English
8
864
20
Estonia
7
Tanel Padar, Dave Benton & 2XL
"Everybody"
English
1
865
21
Malta
14
Fabrizio Faniello
"Another Summer Night"
English
9
866
22
Greece
22
Antique
"(I Would) Die for You"
Greek, English
3
867
23
Denmark
31
Rollo & King
"Never Ever Let You Go"
English
2
Eurovision Song Contest 2002[60]
#
R/O
Country
#
Artist
Song
Language
Placing
868
1
Cyprus
20
One
"Gimme"
English
6
869
2
United Kingdom
45
Jessica Garlick
"Come Back"
English
3
870
3
Austria
39
Manuel Ortega
"Say a Word"
English
18
871
4
Greece
23
Michalis Rakintzis
"S.A.G.A.P.O."
English[q]
17
872
5
Spain
42
Rosa
"Europe's Living a Celebration"
Spanish
7
873
6
Croatia
10
Vesna Pisarović
"Everything I Want"
English
11
874
7
Russia
6
Prime Minister
"Northern Girl"
English
10
875
8
Estonia
8
Sahlene
"Runaway"
English
3
876
9
Macedonia
3
Karolina
"Od nas zavisi" (Од нас зависи)
Macedonian
19
877
10
Israel
25
Sarit Hadad
"Light a Candle"
Hebrew, English
12
878
11
Switzerland
44
Francine Jordi
"Dans le jardin de mon âme"
French
22
879
12
Sweden
42
Afro-dite
"Never Let It Go"
English
8
880
13
Finland
37
Laura
"Addicted to You"
English
20
881
14
Denmark
32
Malene
"Tell Me Who You Are"
English
24 ◁
882
15
Bosnia and Herzegovina
8
Maja Tatić
"Na jastuku za dvoje" (На јастуку за двоје)
Serbian, English
13
883
16
Belgium
44
Sergio & The Ladies
"Sister"
English
13
884
17
France
45
Sandrine François
"Il faut du temps"
French
5
885
18
Germany
46
Corinna May
"I Can't Live Without Music"
English
21
886
19
Turkey
24
Buket Bengisu & Group Safir
"Leylaklar Soldu Kalbinde"
Turkish, English
16
887
20
Malta
15
Ira Losco
"7th Wonder"
English
2
888
21
Romania
4
Monica Anghel & Marcel Pavel
"Tell Me Why"
English
9
889
22
Slovenia
8
Sestre
"Samo ljubezen"
Slovene
13
890
23
Latvia
3
Marie N
"I Wanna"
English
1
891
24
Lithuania
4
Aivaras
"Happy You"
English
23
Eurovision Song Contest 2003[61]
#
R/O
Country
#
Artist
Song
Language
Placing
892
1
Iceland
16
Birgitta
"Open Your Heart"
English
8
893
2
Austria
40
Alf Poier
"Weil der Mensch zählt"
Styrian
6
894
3
Ireland
37
Mickey Harte
"We've Got the World"
English
11
895
4
Turkey
25
Sertab Erener
"Everyway That I Can"
English
1
896
5
Malta
16
Lynn Chircop
"To Dream Again"
English
25
897
6
Bosnia and Herzegovina
9
Mija Martina
"Ne brini"
Croatian, English
16
898
7
Portugal
37
Rita Guerra
"Deixa-me sonhar"
Portuguese, English
22
899
8
Croatia
11
Claudia Beni
"Više nisam tvoja"
Croatian, English
15
900
9
Cyprus
21
Stelios Constantas
"Feeling Alive"
English
20
901
10
Germany
47
Lou
"Let's Get Happy"
English
11
902
11
Russia
7
t.A.T.u.
"Ne ver', ne boysia" (Не верь, не бойся)
Russian
3
903
12
Spain
43
Beth
"Dime"
Spanish
8
904
13
Israel
26
Lior Narkis
"Words for Love"
Hebrew[b][c][d][q]
19
905
14
Netherlands
44
Esther Hart
"One More Night"
English
13
906
15
United Kingdom
46
Jemini
"Cry Baby"
English
26 ◁
907
16
Ukraine
1
Olexandr
"Hasta la Vista"
English
14
908
17
Greece
24
Mando
"Never Let You Go"
English
17
909
18
Norway
42
Jostein Hasselgård
"I'm Not Afraid to Move On"
English
4
910
19
France
46
Louisa Baïleche
"Monts et merveilles"
French
18
911
20
Poland
8
Ich Troje
"Keine Grenzen – Żadnych granic"
German, Polish, Russian
7
912
21
Latvia
4
F.L.Y.
"Hello from Mars"
English
24
913
22
Belgium
45
Urban Trad
"Sanomi"
Imaginary
2
914
23
Estonia
9
Ruffus
"Eighties Coming Back"
English
21
915
24
Romania
5
Nicola
"Don't Break My Heart"
English
10
916
25
Sweden
43
Fame
"Give Me Your Love"
English
5
917
26
Slovenia
9
Karmen
"Nanana"
English
23
2004–present
Entries which failed to qualify
Pre-qualifying competitions were held in advance of the 1993 and 1996 editions of the contest, as a measure to reduce the number of competing entries. In 1993 Kvalifikacija za Millstreet was held between seven new Eastern European countries competing for three places in the contest proper;[51][62] in 1996 an audio-only competition was held for all interested participants, with Norway automatically qualified as host country and 29 additional countries competing for 22 places in the contest.[54][63] Unlike the semi-final system in place since 2004, in which countries that do not advance from the semi-finals are still credited as having participated in the contest, countries which competed in these pre-qualifying rounds but failed to progress to the main contest have not been credited with having participated in that year's contest.
Kvalifikacija za Millstreet[62][64]
Country
Artist
Song
Language
Estonia
Janika Sillamaa
"Muretut meelt ja südametuld"
Estonian
Hungary
Andrea Szulák [hu]
"Árva reggel"
Hungarian
Romania
Dida Drăgan
"Nu pleca"
Romanian
Slovakia
Elán
"Amnestia na neveru"
Slovak
Eurovision Song Contest 1996 Qualifying Round [63][64]
Country
Artist
Song
Language
Denmark
Dorthe Andersen [dk] & Martin Loft [dk]
"Kun med dig"
Danish
Germany
Leon
"Planet of Blue"
German[c]
Hungary
Gjon Delhusa
"Fortuna"
Hungarian
Israel
Galit Bell [he]
"Shalom Olam" (שלום עולם)
Hebrew
Macedonia
Kaliopi
"Samo ti" (Само ти)
Macedonian
Romania
Monica Anghel & Sincron [ro]
"Rugă pentru pacea lumii"
Romanian
Russia
Andrey Kosinskiy [ru]
"Ya eto ya" (Я это я)
Russian
Withdrawn and disqualified entries
On a number of occasions entries into the contest have been prevented from competing at a late stage, either through withdrawal by the participating broadcaster or through disqualification by the European Broadcasting Union. The list below highlights cases where an entry for a given country had been planned in a particular year but which ultimately did not occur, either by withdrawal, disqualification or the cancellation of the contest.
On a number of occasions participation in the contest has been either suggested or attempted by countries which are ineligible due to a lack of a participating EBU member broadcaster, such as past media reports of interest by broadcasters in China, Kosovo, Liechtenstein and Qatar.[65][66][67][68] Participation has also been suggested for a number of nations and territories whose participation is currently covered by another country. Potential entries from Wales and Scotland (currently countries of the United Kingdom) and the Faroe Islands (currently a territory of Denmark) have been reported, but are generally prevented due to the exclusive participation rights of the sovereign nation to which they belong.[69][70][71] Wales and Scotland have participated in other Eurovision events where the United Kingdom as a whole do not participate, including the Junior Eurovision Song Contest and Eurovision Choir.[72][73]
Rescinded Eurovision entries
Year
Country
Artist
Song
Language
Reason
Ref(s)
1968
Norway
Odd Børre
"Jeg har aldri vært så glad i noen som deg"
Norwegian
Withdrew
[74][75]
1974
France
Dani
"La vie à vingt-cinq ans"
French
Withdrew
[31][74][76]
1976
Germany
Tony Marshall
"Der Star"
German
Disqualified
[74][77]
1977
Tunisia
No artist or song selected
Withdrew
[34][74][78]
1979
Turkey
Maria Rita Epik & 21. Peron
"Seviyorum"
Turkish
Withdrew
[36][74][79]
1982
Greece
Themis Adamadidis
"Sarantapente kopelies" (Σαρανταπέντε κοπελιές)
Greek
Withdrew
[39][74][80]
1986
Polina
"Wagon-lit" (Βαγκόν λι)
Greek
Withdrew
[74][81]
1988
Cyprus
Yiannis Dimitrou
"Thimame" (Θυμάμαι)
Greek
Disqualified
[74][82]
1990
Austria
Duett
"Das Beste"
German
Disqualified
[74][83]
1999
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Hari Mata Hari
"Starac i more"
Bosnian
Disqualified
[74][84]
Germany
Corinna May
"Hör den Kindern einfach zu"
German
Disqualified
[74][84][85]
2002
Lithuania
B'Avarija
"We All"
English
Disqualified
[74][86]
See also
List of countries in the Eurovision Song Contest
List of Junior Eurovision Song Contest entries
Notes
^The full results of the first contest are unknown as only the winner was announced. The official Eurovision website lists all remaining entries as having placed second.[13]
^ a b c d e f gContains words or phrases in French
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q rContains words or phrases in English
^ a b cContains words or phrases in Spanish
^ a b c dContains words or phrases in Italian
^Contains words or phrases in Dutch
^ a b cContains words or phrases in German
^Contains words or phrases in Irish
^ a bContains words or phrases in Hebrew
^ a bContains words or phrases in Serbo-Croatian
^Contains words or phrases in Finnish
^Contains words or phrases in Swedish
^Contains words or phrases in Norwegian
^Contains words or phrases in Northern Sami
^Contains words or phrases in Ancient Greek
^Contains words or phrases in Maltese
^ a bContains words or phrases in Greek
References
^"Eurovision Song Contest: History by country". eurovision.tv. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
^"Eurovision Song Contest: Organisers". eurovision.tv. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
^ a b"Eurovision Song Contest: Facts & Figures". eurovision.tv. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
^"Eurovision Song Contest: About the EBU". eurovision.tv. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
^ a b"Eurovision Song Contest: Germany". eurovision.tv. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
^"Eurovision Song Contest: Morocco". eurovision.tv. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
^"Eurovision Song Contest: Ireland". eurovision.tv. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
^"Eurovision Song Contest: United Kingdom". eurovision.tv. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
^"Eurovision Song Contest: Norway". eurovision.tv. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
^Escudero, Victor M. (10 May 2018). "That's how you write the 1,500th Eurovision song!". eurovision.tv. Retrieved 14 September 2020.
^"Eurovision Song Contest: Yugoslavia". eurovision.tv. Retrieved 14 September 2020.
^"Eurovision Song Contest: Serbia and Montenegro". eurovision.tv. Retrieved 14 September 2020.
^ a b"Eurovision Song Contest: Lugano 1956". eurovision.tv. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
^"Eurovision Song Contest: Frankfurt 1957". eurovision.tv. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
^"Eurovision Song Contest: Hilversum 1958". European Broadcasting Union. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
^"Eurovision Song Contest: Cannes 1959". eurovision.tv. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
^"Eurovision Song Contest: London 1960". eurovision.tv. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
^"Eurovision Song Contest: Cannes 1961". eurovision.tv. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
^"Eurovision Song Contest: Luxembourg 1962". eurovision.tv. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
^"Eurovision Song Contest: London 1963". eurovision.tv. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
^"Eurovision Song Contest: Copenhagen 1964". eurovision.tv. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
^"Eurovision Song Contest: Naples 1965". eurovision.tv. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
^"Eurovision Song Contest: Luxembourg 1966". eurovision.tv. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
^"Eurovision Song Contest: Vienna 1967". eurovision.tv. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
^"Eurovision Song Contest: London 1968". eurovision.tv. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
^"Eurovision Song Contest: Madrid 1969". eurovision.tv. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
^"Eurovision Song Contest: Amsterdam 1970". eurovision.tv. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
^"Eurovision Song Contest: Dublin 1971". eurovision.tv. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
^"Eurovision Song Contest: Edinburgh 1972". eurovision.tv. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
^"Eurovision Song Contest: Luxembourg 1973". eurovision.tv. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
^ a b"Eurovision Song Contest: Brighton 1974". eurovision.tv. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
^"Eurovision Song Contest: Stockholm 1975". eurovision.tv. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
^"Eurovision Song Contest: The Hague 1976". eurovision.tv. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
^ a b"Eurovision Song Contest: London 1977". eurovision.tv. European Broadcasting Union. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
^"Eurovision Song Contest: Paris 1978". eurovision.tv. European Broadcasting Union. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
^ a b"Eurovision Song Contest: Jerusalem 1979". eurovision.tv. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
^"Eurovision Song Contest: The Hague 1980". eurovision.tv. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
^"Eurovision Song Contest: Dublin 1981". eurovision.tv. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
^ a b"Eurovision Song Contest: Harrogate 1982". eurovision.tv. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
^"Eurovision Song Contest: Munich 1983". eurovision.tv. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
^"Eurovision Song Contest: Luxembourg 1984". eurovision.tv. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
^"Eurovision Song Contest: Gothenburg 1985". eurovision.tv. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
^"Eurovision Song Contest: Bergen 1986". eurovision.tv. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
^"Eurovision Song Contest: Brussels 1987". eurovision.tv. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
^"Eurovision Song Contest: Dublin 1988". eurovision.tv. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
^"Eurovision Song Contest: Lausanne 1989". eurovision.tv. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
^Barlow, Eve (10 May 2018). "Viva la diva! How Eurovision's Dana International made trans identity mainstream". theguardian.com. The Guardian. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
^"Eurovision Song Contest: Zagreb 1990". eurovision.tv. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
^"Eurovision Song Contest: Rome 1991". eurovision.tv. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
^"Eurovision Song Contest: Malmö 1992". eurovision.tv. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
^ a b"Eurovision Song Contest: Millstreet 1993". eurovision.tv. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
^"Eurovision Song Contest: Dublin 1994". eurovision.tv. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
^"Eurovision Song Contest: Dublin 1995". eurovision.tv. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
^ a b"Eurovision Song Contest: Oslo 1996". eurovision.tv. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
^"Eurovision Song Contest: Dublin 1997". eurovision.tv. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
^"Eurovision Song Contest: Birmingham 1998". eurovision.tv. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
^"Eurovision Song Contest: Jerusalem 1999". eurovision.tv. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
^"Eurovision Song Contest: Stockholm 2000". eurovision.tv. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
^"Eurovision Song Contest: Copenhagen 2001". eurovision.tv. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
^"Eurovision Song Contest: Tallinn 2002". eurovision.tv. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
^"Eurovision Song Contest: Riga 2003". eurovision.tv. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
^ a bRoxburgh 2020, pp. 131-135.
^ a bRoxburgh 2020, pp. 255-260.
^ a bO'Connor 2010, p. 219.
^Lee Adams, William (22 May 2015). "EXCLUSIVE: China's Hunan TV exploring Eurovision participation". wiwibloggs.com. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
^Jiandani, Sergio (19 August 2020). "Kosovo: RTK will not debut in Eurovision 2021". esctoday.com. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
^Herbert, Emily (30 July 2020). "Liechtenstein: 1FLTV Rules Out Eurovision Debut in 2021". eurovoix.com. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
^Repo, Juha (6 June 2012). "New EBU members? Not very likely". esctoday.com. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
^"Galw i Gymru fod yn yr Eurovision" [Calling Wales to be in the Eurovision] (in Welsh). BBC Cymru Wales. 28 April 2004. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
^Granger, Anthony (26 November 2013). "Scotland: Would Participate in Eurovision". eurovoix.com. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
^Kristjans, Kristin. "The Faroe Islands wants EBU membership and right to participate at Eurovision". wiwibloggs.com. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
^Zwart, Josianne (18 July 2019). "These are the 19 countries taking part in Junior Eurovision 2019". junioreurovision.tv. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
^Zwart, Josianne (3 August 2019). "Denmark wins Eurovision Choir 2019!". eurovision.tv. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k lO'Connor 2010, p. 212.
^Roxburgh 2012, pp. 454-470.
^Roxburgh 2014, pp. 142-168.
^Roxburgh 2014, pp. 227-243.
^Roxburgh 2014, pp. 267-287.
^Roxburgh 2014, pp. 352-365.
^Roxburgh 2016, pp. 126-143.
^Roxburgh 2016, pp. 265-276.
^Roxburgh 2016, pp. 336-350.
^Roxburgh 2020, pp. 34-46.
^ a bRoxburgh 2020, pp. 367-382.
^"German entrant dropped in Eurovision row". BBC News. 16 March 1999. Retrieved 30 March 2021.
^"B'Avarija flops before ever taking the stage". The Baltic Times. 28 March 2002. Archived from the original on 18 August 2019. Retrieved 6 April 2021.
Further reading
O'Connor, John Kennedy (2010). The Eurovision Song Contest: The Official History (2nd ed.). London: Carlton Books. ISBN 978-1-84732-521-1.
Roxburgh, Gordon (2012). Songs for Europe: The United Kingdom at the Eurovision Song Contest. Volume One: The 1950s and 1960s. Prestatyn: Telos Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84583-065-6.
Roxburgh, Gordon (2014). Songs for Europe: The United Kingdom at the Eurovision Song Contest. Volume Two: The 1970s. Prestatyn: Telos Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84583-093-9.
Roxburgh, Gordon (2016). Songs for Europe: The United Kingdom at the Eurovision Song Contest. Volume Three: The 1980s. Prestatyn: Telos Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84583-118-9.
Roxburgh, Gordon (2020). Songs for Europe: The United Kingdom at the Eurovision Song Contest. Volume Four: The 1990s. Prestatyn: Telos Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84583-163-9.