Pinyon jay
The pinyon jay (Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus) is a jay between the North American blue jay and the Eurasian jay in size. The voice is described as a rhythmic krawk-kraw-krawk repeated two or three times. It is the only member of the genus Gymnorhinus. Its overall proportions are very nutcracker-like and indeed this can be seen as convergent evolution as both birds fill similar ecological niches. The pinyon jay is a bluish-grey coloured bird with deeper head colouring and whitish throat with black bill, legs and feet.
They are highly social, often forming very large flocks of 250 or more birds, and several birds always seem to act as sentries for the flock, watching out for predators while their companions are feeding. The seed of the pinyon pine is the staple food but they supplement their diet with fruits and berries. Insects of many types are also eaten and sometimes caught with their feet. The nest is always part of a colony but there is never more than one nest in a tree. Sometimes the colony can cover quite extensive areas with a single nest in each tree (usually juniper, live oak or pine). There are usually 3–4 eggs laid, quite early in the season. Incubation is usually 16 days. The male bird normally brings food near to the nest, and the female flies to him to receive it and take back to the nest to feed the chicks that fledge around 3 weeks later. Young are normally fed only by their parents, but once they reach the near-fledging size they can sometimes receive a meal from any passing member of the colony, which can continue for some time after leaving the nest.
The pinyon jay was first collected, recorded, and first described as a species from a specimen shot along the Maria River in Northern Montana during the Prince Maximilian of Wied-Neuwied Expedition to the Interior of North America in 1833. A historical marker at LaHood Park on the Jefferson river in Montana, however, claims that the first pinyon jay known to science was seen and described by the Lewis and Clark expedition at their campsite on this site on August 1, 1805. This species occurs in western North America from central Oregon to northern Baja California and eastward as far as western Oklahoma, though it wanders further afield outside the breeding season. It lives in foothills where the pinyon pines Pinus edulis and Pinus monophylla occur.
The pinyon jay was described by German explorer Prince Maximilian of Wied-Neuwied in 1841, from a specimen shot along the Maria River in Northern Montana during his expedition to the Interior of North America in 1833.
Genetic analysis suggests that the pinyon jay is an offshoot from a lineage that gave rise to the scrub-jays and relatives (Aphelocoma) and Cyanocitta (blue jay and Steller's jay).[4]
The International Ornithologists' Union has designated "pinyon jay" the official common name for the species.[3] It was historically known as the blue crow or Maximilian's jay.[5][6]
