Las elecciones a la Cámara de Representantes de los Estados Unidos se llevaron a cabo en 1900 para los miembros del 57º Congreso , coincidiendo con la reelección del presidente William McKinley .
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Los 357 escaños en la Cámara de Representantes de los Estados Unidos 179 escaños necesarios para una mayoría | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
El Partido Republicano de McKinley ganó trece escaños del Partido Demócrata y los partidos menores, consolidando su mayoría. Una reafirmación del control republicano en el Atlántico Medio fue clave en la obtención de nuevos escaños. Sin embargo, con una economía mejorada, especialmente en el sector industrial, el ciclo electoral no presentó un problema clave, lo que resultó en un apoyo general para el status quo. El decadente Partido Populista se quedó con cinco escaños en la Cámara, mientras que el único miembro del Partido Plata cambió de partido a Demócrata. Esta fue la última vez que un tercer partido se dirigió a las elecciones legislativas con un líder del partido. Todos los terceros posteriores para servir en la Cámara no seleccionarían un líder del partido.
Resúmenes electorales
151 | 6 | 200 |
Democrático | [B] | Republicano |
Expresar | Tipo | Asientos totales | Democrático | Populista | Republicano | Republicano Plata / Plata | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Asientos | Cambio | Asientos | Cambio | Asientos | Cambio | Asientos | Cambio | |||
Alabama | Distrito | 9 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | ||
Arkansas | Distrito | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
California | Distrito | 7 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 7 | 1 | 0 | ||
Colorado | Distrito | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 [c] | ||||
Connecticut | Distrito | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | ||||
Delaware | En general | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | ||||
Florida | Distrito | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Georgia | Distrito | 11 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Idaho | En general | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 [d] | ||
Illinois | Distrito | 22 | 11 | 3 | 0 | 11 | 3 | 0 | ||
Indiana | Distrito | 13 | 4 | 0 | 9 | 0 | ||||
Iowa | Distrito | 11 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 0 | ||||
Kansas | Distrito + en general | 8 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 0 | ||
Kentucky | Distrito | 11 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | ||
Luisiana | Distrito | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Maine [e] | Distrito | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | ||||
Maryland | Distrito | 6 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 2 | 0 | ||
Massachusetts | Distrito | 13 | 3 | 0 | 10 | 0 | ||||
Michigan | Distrito | 12 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 0 | ||||
Minnesota | Distrito | 7 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 | ||||
Misisipí | Distrito | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Misuri | Distrito | 15 | 12 | 0 | 3 [f] | 0 | ||||
Montana | En general | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
Nebraska | Distrito | 6 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0 | ||
Nevada | En general | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 [g] | ||
New Hampshire | Distrito | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | ||||
New Jersey | Distrito | 8 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 0 | ||||
Nueva York | Distrito | 34 | 13 | 5 | 0 | 21 | 5 | 0 | ||
Carolina del Norte | Distrito | 9 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | ||
Dakota del Norte | En general | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | ||||
Ohio | Distrito | 21 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 17 | 2 | 0 | ||
Oregón [e] | Distrito | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | ||||
Pensilvania | Distrito +2 en general | 30 | 4 | 6 | 0 | 26 | 6 | 0 | ||
Rhode Island | Distrito | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | ||||
Carolina del Sur | Distrito | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Dakota del Sur | En general | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | ||||
Tennesse | Distrito | 10 | 8 | 0 | 2 | 0 | ||||
Texas | Distrito | 13 | 13 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | ||
Utah | En general | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
Vermont [e] | Distrito | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | ||||
Virginia | Distrito | 10 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Washington | En general | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | ||||
Virginia del Oeste | Distrito | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 0 | ||
Wisconsin | Distrito | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 0 | ||||
Wyoming | En general | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | ||||
Total | 357 | 151 42,3% | 10 | 5 1,4% | 1 | 200 56,0% | 13 | 1 [c] 0,3% | 2 |
La elección anterior de 1898 vio la elección de 6 populistas, 2 republicanos de plata y un miembro del Partido de la plata.
Fechas electorales
Todos los estados celebraron sus elecciones el 6 de noviembre de 1900, excepto 3 estados, con 8 escaños entre ellos:
- 4 de junio: Oregon
- 4 de septiembre: Vermont
- 10 de septiembre: Maine
Elecciones especiales
Distrito | Titular | Esta carrera | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Miembro | Fiesta | Primero elegido | Resultados | Candidatos | |
Maryland 1 | John Walter Smith | Democrático | 1898 | El titular dimitió el 12 de enero de 1900. Nuevo miembro elegido el 6 de noviembre de 1900 . Ganancia republicana . |
|
Pensilvania 5 | Alfred C. Harmer | Republicano | 1876 | El titular murió el 6 de marzo de 1900. Nuevo miembro elegido por los republicanos. |
|
Alabama 8 | Joseph Wheeler | Democratic | 1884 | Incumbent resigned April 20, 1900. New member elected Democratic hold. |
|
Delaware at-large | John H. Hoffecker | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent died June 16, 1900. New member elected November 6, 1900. Republican hold. |
|
New Jersey 7 | William Davis Daly | Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent died July 31, 1900. New member elected November 6, 1900. Democratic hold. |
|
California 2 | Marion De Vries | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent resigned August 20, 1900. New member elected November 6, 1900. Republican gain. |
|
Utah at-large | |||||
Virginia 4 |
J. William Stokes (Democratic) of South Carolina's 7th congressional district died in office on July 6, 1901 and was replaced in a special election by Asbury F. Lever (Democratic)
Alabama
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Alabama 1 | |||||
Alabama 2 | |||||
Alabama 3 | |||||
Alabama 4 | |||||
Alabama 5 | |||||
Alabama 6 | |||||
Alabama 7 | |||||
Alabama 8 | |||||
Alabama 9 |
Arkansas
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Arkansas 1 | |||||
Arkansas 2 | |||||
Arkansas 3 | |||||
Arkansas 4 | |||||
Arkansas 5 | |||||
Arkansas 6 |
California
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
California 1 | John All Barham | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold. |
|
California 2 | Marion De Vries | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent resigned August 20, 1900 to accept a judicial position. New member elected. Republican gain. |
|
California 3 | Victor H. Metcalf | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
California 4 | Julius Kahn | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
California 5 | Eugene F. Loud | Republican | 1890 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
California 6 | Russell J. Waters | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold |
|
California 7 | James C. Needham | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Colorado
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Colorado 1 | |||||
Colorado 2 |
Connecticut
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Connecticut 1 | |||||
Connecticut 2 | |||||
Connecticut 3 | |||||
Connecticut 4 |
Delaware
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Delaware at-large |
Florida
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Florida 1 | Stephen M. Sparkman | Democratic | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Florida 2 | Robert Wyche Davis | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Georgia
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Georgia 1 | |||||
Georgia 2 | |||||
Georgia 3 | |||||
Georgia 4 | |||||
Georgia 5 | |||||
Georgia 6 | |||||
Georgia 7 | |||||
Georgia 8 | |||||
Georgia 9 | |||||
Georgia 10 | |||||
Georgia 11 |
Idaho
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Idaho at-large | Edgar Wilson | Silver Republican | 1898 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Populist gain. |
|
Illinois
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Illinois 1 | |||||
Illinois 2 | |||||
Illinois 3 | |||||
Illinois 4 | |||||
Illinois 5 | |||||
Illinois 6 | |||||
Illinois 7 | |||||
Illinois 8 | |||||
Illinois 9 | |||||
Illinois 10 | |||||
Illinois 11 | |||||
Illinois 12 | |||||
Illinois 13 | |||||
Illinois 14 | |||||
Illinois 15 | |||||
Illinois 16 | |||||
Illinois 17 | |||||
Illinois 18 | |||||
Illinois 19 | |||||
Illinois 20 | |||||
Illinois 21 | |||||
Illinois 22 |
Indiana
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Indiana 1 | |||||
Indiana 2 | |||||
Indiana 3 | |||||
Indiana 4 | |||||
Indiana 5 | |||||
Indiana 6 | |||||
Indiana 7 | |||||
Indiana 8 | |||||
Indiana 9 | |||||
Indiana 10 | |||||
Indiana 11 | |||||
Indiana 12 | |||||
Indiana 13 |
Iowa
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Iowa 1 | |||||
Iowa 2 | |||||
Iowa 3 | |||||
Iowa 4 | |||||
Iowa 5 | |||||
Iowa 6 | |||||
Iowa 7 | |||||
Iowa 8 | |||||
Iowa 9 | |||||
Iowa 10 | |||||
Iowa 11 |
Kansas
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Kansas 1 | |||||
Kansas 2 | |||||
Kansas 3 | |||||
Kansas 4 | |||||
Kansas 5 | |||||
Kansas 6 | |||||
Kansas 7 | |||||
Kansas at-large |
Kentucky
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Kentucky 1 | |||||
Kentucky 2 | |||||
Kentucky 3 | |||||
Kentucky 4 | |||||
Kentucky 5 | |||||
Kentucky 6 | |||||
Kentucky 7 | |||||
Kentucky 8 | |||||
Kentucky 9 | |||||
Kentucky 10 | |||||
Kentucky 11 |
Luisiana
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Louisiana 1 | |||||
Louisiana 2 | |||||
Louisiana 3 | |||||
Louisiana 4 | |||||
Louisiana 5 | |||||
Louisiana 6 |
Maine
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Maine 1 | |||||
Maine 2 | |||||
Maine 3 | |||||
Maine 4 |
Maryland
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Maryland 1 | John Walter Smith | Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent resigned January 12, 1900 upon being elected Governor. New member elected. Republican gain. |
|
Maryland 2 | William Benjamin Baker | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold |
|
Maryland 3 | Frank C. Wachter | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Maryland 4 | James W. Denny | Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain. |
|
Maryland 5 | Sydney Emanuel Mudd I | Republican | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Maryland 6 | George A. Pearre | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected |
|
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Misisipí
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Mississippi 1 | John M. Allen | Democratic | 1884 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
Mississippi 2 | Thomas Spight | Democratic | 1898 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Mississippi 3 | Thomas C. Catchings | Democratic | 1884 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
Mississippi 4 | Andrew F. Fox | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Mississippi 5 | John S. Williams | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Mississippi 6 | Frank A. McLain | Democratic | 1898 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Mississippi 7 | Patrick Henry | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
Misuri
Montana
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Montana at-large | Albert J. Campbell | Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Populist gain. |
|
Nebraska
Nevada
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Nevada at-large | Francis G. Newlands | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New Hampshire
New Jersey
Nueva York
Carolina del Norte
Dakota del Norte
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
North Dakota at-large | Burleigh F. Spalding | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold. |
|
Ohio
Oregón
Pensilvania
Rhode Island
Carolina del Sur
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
South Carolina 1 | William Elliott | Democratic | 1886 1890 (Lost contest) 1890 1892 (Retired) 1894 1896 (Lost contest) 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
South Carolina 2 | W. Jasper Talbert | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
South Carolina 3 | Asbury Latimer | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
South Carolina 4 | Stanyarne Wilson | Democratic | 1894 | Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected. Democratic hold |
|
South Carolina 5 | David E. Finley | Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
South Carolina 6 | James Norton | Democratic | 1897 (Special) | Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected. Democratic hold |
|
South Carolina 7 | J. William Stokes | Democratic | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Dakota del Sur
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
South Dakota at-large (2 seats elected on a general ticket) | Charles H. Burke | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Robert J. Gamble | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent retired to run for U.S. senator. New member elected. Republican hold. |
Tennesse
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Tennessee 1 | Walter P. Brownlow | Republican | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Tennessee 2 | Henry R. Gibson | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Tennessee 3 | John A. Moon | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Tennessee 4 | Charles E. Snodgrass | Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Tennessee 5 | James D. Richardson | Democratic | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Tennessee 6 | John W. Gaines | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Tennessee 7 | Nicholas N. Cox | Democratic | 1890 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
Tennessee 8 | Thetus W. Sims | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Tennessee 9 | Rice A. Pierce | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Tennessee 10 | Edward W. Carmack | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent retired to run for U.S. senator. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
Virginia del Oeste
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
West Virginia 1 | Blackburn B. Dovener | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
West Virginia 2 | Alston G. Dayton | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
West Virginia 3 | David E. Johnston | Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain. |
|
West Virginia 4 | Romeo H. Freer | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent retired to run for Attorney General of West Virginia. New member elected. Republican hold. |
|
Wisconsin
Wyoming
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Wyoming at-large | Frank W. Mondell | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Delegados sin derecho a voto
- Hawaii Territory: Robert W. Wilcox (Home Rule Party) was elected to finish the term ending March 3, 1901 and to the next term.[33]
Oklahoma Territory
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Delegate | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Oklahoma Territory at-large | Dennis T. Flynn | Republican | 1892 1894 (Lost) 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Ver también
- 1900 United States elections
- 1900 United States presidential election
- 1900 and 1901 United States Senate elections
- 56th United States Congress
- 57th United States Congress
Notas
- ^ Regulars only, not including specials
- ^ There was 1 Silver Republican and 5 Populists.
- ^ a b Includes 1 member of the Silver Republican faction, John F. Shafroth, of CO-01.
- ^ Previous election had 1 member from the Silver Republican Party faction.
- ^ a b c Elections held early.
- ^ Elections in Missouri's 12th congressional district were contested multiple times, and the seat was considered vacant for much of the 57th Congress – Republican George C. Wagoner was finally seated just before the end of the 57th Congress.[3]
- ^ Previous election had 1 member from the Silver Party.
- ^ Also won special election to 56th Congress.
- ^ Josiah Kerr (Republican) elected on same date to fill remainder of the term in the 56th Congress.
- ^ a b c Full name unknown
Referencias
- ^ a b c "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved May 18, 2015.
- ^ a b c d Martis, pp. 154–155.
- ^ See Dubin, p. 333 and 337–338.
- ^ "MD District 1 Race - Nov 06, 1900". Our Campaigns. December 11, 2003.
- ^ "DE District At Large - Special Election Race - Nov 06, 1900". Our Campaigns. January 13, 2006.
- ^ "CA District 2 - Special Election Race - Nov 06, 1900". Our Campaigns. July 24, 2015.
- ^ "ID At Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 06". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 07". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
- ^ "MT At-Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
- ^ "ND At Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 6 April 2021.
- ^ "SD At Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 06". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 07". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 08". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 09". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 10". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
- ^ "WV District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
- ^ "WV District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
- ^ "WV District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
- ^ "WV District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
- ^ "WY At-Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 12 April 2021.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - Container Detail Page". www.ourcampaigns.com.
- ^ https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=299873
Bibliografía
- Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
- Moore, John L., ed. (1994). Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections (Third ed.). Congressional Quarterly Inc. ISBN 978-0871879967.
- "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
- Secretary of State (1901). Maryland Manual 1900. Baltimore: Wm. J. C. Dulany Co. Retrieved 23 June 2020.
enlaces externos
- Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)