Brno

Brno (/ˈbɜːrnoʊ/ BUR-noh,^[5] Czech: [ˈbr̩no] (listen); German: Brünn [bʁʏn] (listen)) is a city in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. Located at the confluence of the Svitava and Svratka rivers, Brno has about 380,000 inhabitants, making it the second-largest city in the Czech Republic after the capital, Prague, and one of the 100 largest cities of the EU. The Brno metropolitan area has almost 700,000 inhabitants.^[2]

Brno is the former capital city of Moravia and the political and cultural hub of the South Moravian Region. It is the centre of the Czech judiciary, with the seats of the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court, the Supreme Administrative Court, and the Supreme Public Prosecutor's Office, and a number of state authorities, including the Ombudsman,^[6] and the Office for the Protection of Competition.^[7] Brno is also an important centre of higher education, with 33 faculties belonging to 13 institutes of higher education and about 89,000 students.^[8]

Brno Exhibition Centre is among the largest exhibition centres in Europe.^[9] The complex opened in 1928 and established the tradition of large exhibitions and trade fairs held in Brno.^[10] Brno hosts motorbike and other races on the Masaryk Circuit, a tradition established in 1930, of which the Road Racing World Championship Grand Prix is one of the most prestigious races.^[11] Another cultural tradition is an international fireworks competition, Ignis Brunensis,^[12] which attracts tens of thousands of visitors to each display.^[13]

The most visited sights of the city include the Špilberk Castle and fortress and the Cathedral of Saints Peter and Paul on Petrov hill, two medieval buildings that dominate the cityscape and are often depicted as its traditional symbols^{[citation needed]}. The other large preserved castle near the city is Veveří Castle by Brno Reservoir.^[14][15][16] Another architectural monument of Brno is the functionalist Villa Tugendhat, which was added to the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites in 2001.^[17] One of the natural sights nearby is the Moravian Karst. The city is a member of the UNESCO Creative Cities Network and was designated a "City of Music" in 2017.^[18]

The etymology of the name Brno is disputed. It might be derived from the Old Czech brnie 'muddy, swampy.'^[19] Alternative derivations are a Slavic verb brniti (to armour or to fortify) or a Celtic language spoken in the area before it was overrun by Germanic peoples and later Slavic peoples. The latter theory would make it cognate with other Celtic words for hill, such as the Welsh word bryn.

Throughout its history, Brno's locals also referred to the town in other languages, including Brünn in German, ברין (Brin) in Yiddish and Bruna in Latin. The city was also referred to as Brunn (/brʌn/)^[20] in English, but that usage is not common today.^[21]