Chris Christie

Christopher James Christie (nacido el 6 de septiembre de 1962) es un político estadounidense, comentarista político, cabildero y exfiscal federal que se desempeñó como 55 ° gobernador de Nueva Jersey de 2010 a 2018.

Chris Christie
Chris Christie 2020.jpg
Christie en 2020
55 ° gobernador de Nueva Jersey
En el cargo
del 19 de enero de 2010 al 16 de enero de 2018
TenienteKim Guadagno
Precedido porJon Corzine
SucesorPhil Murphy
Presidente de la Comisión de Abuso de Opioides y Drogas
En el cargo
29 de marzo de 2017-1 de noviembre de 2017
presidenteDonald Trump
Precedido porPosición establecida
SucesorPuesto abolido
Presidente de la Asociación de Gobernadores Republicanos
En el cargo
del 21 de noviembre de 2013 al 20 de noviembre de 2014
Precedido porBobby Jindal
SucesorBill Haslam
Fiscal de los Estados Unidos para el Distrito de Nueva Jersey
En el cargo
17 de enero de 2002 - 1 de diciembre de 2008
presidenteGeorge W. Bush
Precedido porRobert J. Cleary
SucesorRalph Marra
Miembro de la Junta de Propietarios Elegidos del Condado de Morris
En el cargo
1 de enero de 1995 - 31 de diciembre de 1997
Precedido porEdward Tamm
SucesorJohn J. Murphy
Detalles personales
Nació
Christopher James Christie

( 06/09/1962 )6 de septiembre de 1962 (58 años)
Newark , Nueva Jersey , EE. UU.
Partido políticoRepublicano
Esposos)
​
( m.  1986) ​
Niños4
ResidenciaMendham , Nueva Jersey, EE. UU.
EducaciónUniversidad de Delaware ( BA )
Universidad Seton Hall ( JD )
Ocupación
  • Político
  • abogado
  • comentarista político
Firma

Christie nació en Newark, Nueva Jersey y se crió en Livingston, Nueva Jersey . Después de graduarse en 1984 de la Universidad de Delaware , obtuvo un doctorado en derecho en la Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad de Seton Hall . Christie, republicano, fue elegido diputado del condado (legislador) para el condado de Morris, Nueva Jersey , y sirvió de 1995 a 1998. En 2002, había hecho campaña para los presidentes George HW Bush y George W. Bush ; este último lo nombró Fiscal Federal para Nueva Jersey , cargo que ocupó de 2002 a 2008.

Christie ganó las primarias republicanas de 2009 para gobernador de Nueva Jersey y derrotó al titular demócrata Jon Corzine en las elecciones generales . En su primer mandato, se le atribuyó la reducción de gastos, la limitación del crecimiento de los impuestos a la propiedad y la participación en los esfuerzos de recuperación después del huracán Sandy . Fue reelegido por un amplio margen en 2013 , derrotando a la líder de la mayoría del Senado estatal Barbara Buono . [1] Durante su segundo mandato como gobernador, la posición de Christie fue dañada por el escándalo del cierre de carriles de Fort Lee . Después de ese tiempo, se ubicó entre los gobernadores menos populares de Estados Unidos. Fue sucedido por el demócrata Phil Murphy.

Christie presidió la Asociación de Gobernadores Republicanos durante el ciclo electoral de 2014. El 30 de junio de 2015 anunció su candidatura a la nominación republicana en las elecciones presidenciales de 2016 . Suspendió su candidatura el 10 de febrero de 2016. Más tarde, respaldó al eventual ganador Donald Trump y fue nombrado jefe del equipo de planificación de la transición de Trump . [2] Christie dejó el cargo en 2018 al concluir su segundo mandato como gobernador de Nueva Jersey y se registró como cabildero en junio de 2020. [3]

Christie nació en Newark, Nueva Jersey , de Sondra A. (de soltera Grasso), una recepcionista telefónica, y Wilbur James "Bill" Christie, un contador público certificado que se graduó de Rutgers Business School . [4] [5] [6] Su madre era de ascendencia italiana (siciliana) y su padre es de ascendencia alemana, escocesa e irlandesa. [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] La familia de Christie se mudó a Livingston, Nueva Jersey , después de los disturbios de Newark en 1967 , [12] y Christie vivió allí hasta que se graduó de Livingston High School en 1980. [13] En Livingston High School, Christie se desempeñó como presidenta de la clase , jugó como receptor del equipo de béisbol [12] y fue seleccionada como Representante de Nueva Jersey para el Programa Juvenil del Senado de los Estados Unidos .

El padre y la madre de Christie eran republicanos y demócratas, respectivamente. Sin embargo, le ha dado crédito a su madre de tendencia demócrata por convertirlo indirectamente en republicano al animarlo en 1977 a ser voluntario para el candidato a gobernador que se convirtió en su modelo a seguir, Tom Kean . [5] Christie se interesó en Kean después de que el político, entonces legislador estatal, hablara con la clase de secundaria de Christie. [12]

Christie se graduó de la Universidad de Delaware con una licenciatura en ciencias políticas en 1984; mientras estuvo allí, se desempeñó como presidente del cuerpo estudiantil. [14] Se graduó de la Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad de Seton Hall con un JD en 1987. Fue admitido en el Colegio de Abogados del Estado de Nueva Jersey y en el Colegio de Abogados del Tribunal de Distrito de los Estados Unidos, Distrito de Nueva Jersey , en diciembre de 1987. Fue galardonado Doctorados honoris causa por la Universidad de Rutgers y la Universidad de Monmouth en 2010. [15] [16]

Abogado

En 1987, Christie se incorporó al bufete de abogados Dughi, Hewit & Palatucci de Cranford, Nueva Jersey . [17] En 1993, fue nombrado socio de la firma. [17] Christie se especializó en derecho de valores , práctica de apelaciones , derecho electoral y asuntos gubernamentales. Es miembro de la Asociación de Abogados de Estados Unidos y de la Asociación de Abogados del Estado de Nueva Jersey y fue miembro del Comité de Derecho Electoral de la Asociación de Abogados del Estado de Nueva Jersey. De 1999 a 2001, Christie se registró como cabildero estatal de Dughi y Hewit. [18]

Freeholder del condado de Morris

Christie se ofreció voluntariamente para el presidente George HW Bush 's campaña 1992 de reelección en Nueva Jersey, y se convirtió en cerca de director estatal de Bush, Bill Palatucci . Después de la campaña, Christie decidió postularse para un cargo y se mudó a Mendham Township . En 1993, Christie lanzó un desafío principal contra el líder de la mayoría del Senado de Nueva Jersey , John H. Dorsey . Sin embargo, la campaña de Christie terminó después de que Dorsey desafió con éxito la validez de la petición de Christie de aparecer en la boleta. [12]

En 1994, Christie fue elegido republicano para la Junta de Elegidos Freeholders , o legisladores, para el condado de Morris, Nueva Jersey , después de que él y un compañero de fórmula derrotaron a los titulares de derechos libres en las primarias del partido. Después de las elecciones, los titulares derrotados presentaron una demanda por difamación contra Christie basada en declaraciones hechas durante la campaña primaria. [19] Christie había declarado incorrectamente que los titulares estaban bajo "investigación" por violar ciertas leyes locales. La demanda se resolvió fuera de los tribunales, y Christie reconoció que el fiscal había convocado una "investigación" en lugar de una "investigación", y se disculpó por el error, que dijo que no fue intencional. [20] [21]

Como propietario libre, Christie requirió que el gobierno del condado obtuviera tres cotizaciones de firmas calificadas para todos los contratos. Lideró un esfuerzo exitoso para impedir que los funcionarios del condado aceptaran obsequios de personas y empresas que hacen negocios con el condado. Votó para aumentar el impuesto de espacios abiertos del condado para la preservación de la tierra; sin embargo, los impuestos del condado en general se redujeron en un 6,6% durante su mandato. Presionó con éxito el despido de un arquitecto contratado para diseñar una nueva cárcel, diciendo que el arquitecto estaba costando demasiado dinero a los contribuyentes. Luego, el arquitecto demandó a Christie por difamación por los comentarios que hizo sobre el despido, y finalmente abandonó la demanda sin explicación. [22] [23]

En 1995, Christie anunció una candidatura para un puesto en la Asamblea General de Nueva Jersey ; él y el abogado Rick Merkt se presentaron como boleto contra el asambleísta titular Anthony Bucco y el abogado Michael Patrick Carroll en las primarias republicanas. Christie se postuló como candidata pro elección y partidaria de la prohibición de las armas de asalto . [24] Bucco y Carroll, los candidatos del establishment, derrotaron a los prometedores por un amplio margen. Después de esta derrota, la candidatura de Christie a la nueva nominación a la junta de titulares libres era poco probable, ya que los republicanos descontentos reclutaron a John J. Murphy para competir contra Christie en 1997. Murphy derrotó a Christie en las primarias. [25] Murphy, quien había acusado falsamente a Christie de hacer que el condado pagara sus facturas legales en la demanda del arquitecto, fue demandado por Christie después de las elecciones. Llegaron a un acuerdo extrajudicial con los Freeholders admitiendo irregularidades y disculpándose. [26] La carrera de Christie en la política del condado de Morris terminó en 1998. [25]

Cabildero

Cuando terminó el puesto de Christie a tiempo parcial como Freeholder Elegido, volvió toda la atención a su bufete de abogados Dughi, Hewit & Palatucci. Junto con su compañero y más tarde, el recaudador de fondos de la campaña para gobernador Bill Palatucci, la firma de Christie abrió una oficina en la capital del estado, Trenton , dedicada principalmente al cabildeo. [27] [28] [29] Entre 1999 y 2001, Christie y Palatucci presionaron en nombre de, entre otros, GPU Energy para la desregulación de la industria eléctrica y del gas de Nueva Jersey; [28] la Asociación de la Industria de Valores para bloquear la inclusión del fraude de valores bajo la Ley de Fraude al Consumidor del estado; El Centro Médico de la Universidad de Hackensack para subvenciones estatales; y la Universidad de Phoenix para una licencia de educación superior de Nueva Jersey. [30] Durante las elecciones presidenciales de 2000 , Christie fue abogado de campaña de George W. Bush para el estado de Nueva Jersey. [12]

Cita

El 7 de diciembre de 2001, el presidente George W. Bush nombró a Christie Fiscal Federal para el Distrito de Nueva Jersey . [31] Durante un debate presidencial republicano en agosto de 2015, Christie afirmó falsamente que había sido designado por el presidente Bush el 10 de septiembre de 2001 y que los ataques del 11 de septiembre ocurrieron en su estado al día siguiente. Algunos miembros del Colegio de Abogados de Nueva Jersey expresaron su decepción por la falta de experiencia de Christie. En ese momento, nunca antes había ejercido en un tribunal federal y tenía poca experiencia en derecho penal. Christie recibió el apoyo abrumador del Partido Republicano en Nueva Jersey. Un portavoz del gobernador interino Donald DiFrancesco, quien seleccionó a los nominados para el puesto, dijo que recibió cientos de cartas de apoyo a Christie "de todos, desde el presidente de la Asamblea hasta el nivel del condado, cerca de todos los miembros de la Legislatura y todos los presidentes del condado. . " Christie también fue uno de los principales recaudadores de fondos de la campaña presidencial de Bush de 2000 . Ayudó a recaudar $ 350,000 para Bush, calificándolo como un "Pionero", y también donó a DiFrancesco. [32] [33] Los demócratas aprovecharon el papel desempeñado por el asesor político de Bush, Karl Rove , después de que el socio legal de Christie, William Palatucci, un consultor político republicano y partidario de Bush, se jactara de que había seleccionado un abogado de los Estados Unidos al enviar el currículum de Christie a Recorrer. [34] Según el senador principal de Nueva Jersey, Bob Torricelli , Christie prometió nombrar a un "profesional" con experiencia en tribunales federales como diputado si se confirmaba. Según la tradición del Senado, si el senador principal de un estado se opone a la nominación de un fiscal federal, la nominación está efectivamente muerta, pero la promesa de Christie fue suficiente para que Torricelli diera su bendición a la nominación. [33] Fue confirmado por unanimidad por el Senado de los Estados Unidos el 20 de diciembre de 2001 y asumió el cargo el 17 de enero de 2002.

El hermano del tío de Christie (el segundo marido de su tía), Tino Fiumara , era una figura del crimen organizado ; Según Christie, el FBI supuestamente sabía eso cuando realizaron su verificación de antecedentes. [35] Más tarde, Christie se retiró del caso y comentó sobre lo que había aprendido al crecer con un pariente así: "Me acaba de decir que tomas malas decisiones en la vida y terminas pagando un precio". [35]

Registro de ejecución

Christie, c.  Junio ​​de 2004 , se desempeñó como Fiscal de los Estados Unidos para Nueva Jersey de 2002 a 2008

Christie se desempeñó como Fiscal Federal desde el 17 de enero de 2002 hasta el 1 de diciembre de 2008. Su oficina incluía 137 abogados, con oficinas en Newark , Trenton y Camden . Christie también sirvió en el Comité Asesor de 17 miembros de los Fiscales Federales de los Fiscales Generales John Ashcroft y Alberto Gonzales .

Poco después de asumir el cargo, Christie hizo saber que su oficina haría de la corrupción pública una alta prioridad, solo superada por el terrorismo. [33] Durante su mandato de seis años, recibió elogios por su historial de condenas en casos de corrupción pública. Su oficina condenó o ganó declaraciones de culpabilidad de 130 funcionarios públicos, tanto republicanos como demócratas , a nivel estatal, del condado y local. [36] Las más notables de estas condenas incluyeron las del ejecutivo demócrata del condado de Hudson Robert C. Janiszewski en 2002 por cargos de soborno, [37] el ejecutivo republicano del condado de Essex James W. Treffinger en 2003 por cargos de corrupción, [38] ex demócrata de Nueva Jersey El presidente del Senado , John A. Lynch Jr. , en 2006 por cargos de fraude postal y evasión de impuestos , [39] el senador estatal y ex alcalde demócrata de Newark Sharpe James en 2008 por cargos de fraude, [40] y el senador estatal demócrata Wayne R. Bryant en 2008 por cargos de soborno, fraude postal y fraude electrónico. [41]

Christie negoció siete acuerdos de procesamiento diferido (DPA) durante su mandato, algunos de los cuales fueron controvertidos. [42] Bajo acuerdos como estos, las corporaciones evitan el enjuiciamiento si prometen no solo obedecer la ley o pagar por malos actos, sino que también prometen cambiar de personal, renovar las prácticas comerciales o adoptar nuevos tipos de gobierno corporativo. Por lo general, se utilizan en lugar de enjuiciamiento cuando hay evidencia de mala conducta corporativa particularmente atroz. Desde 2002, este tipo de acuerdos ha aumentado considerablemente entre los fiscales federales, con 23 entre 2002 y 2005, y 66 entre 2006 y 2008. [42] En aproximadamente la mitad de todas las APD se designan supervisores externos para asegurarse de que la las corporaciones cumplen. [42] En un caso, Christie recomendó el nombramiento de The Ashcroft Group , una empresa de consultoría propiedad de su exjefe John Ashcroft , como supervisor externo de Zimmer Holdings, un contrato por valor de hasta $ 52 millones de Zimmer, que era una cantidad en en línea con las estructuras de tarifas en ese momento. [43] [44] En otro caso, la oficina de Christie aplazó el enjuiciamiento penal de la compañía farmacéutica Bristol Myers en un acuerdo que requería que la compañía dedicara $ 5 millones para una cátedra de ética empresarial en la Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad de Seton Hall , alma mater de Christie. [45] [46]

Christie defendió el nombramiento de Ashcroft, citando su prominencia y perspicacia legal. [47] y defendió la donación de Seton Hall como una casualidad dado que ya había una cátedra dotada de ética empresarial en la única otra facultad de derecho del estado. [48] Aún así, casos como estos llevaron a nuevas reglas dentro del Departamento de Justicia, [43] [49] y provocaron una audiencia en el Congreso sobre el tema. [42] [50] [51]

Además de duplicar el tamaño de la unidad anticorrupción de Nueva Jersey, [52] Christie también procesó otros delitos federales. Por ejemplo, obtuvo condenas de propietarios de burdeles que mantenían a adolescentes mexicanos en esclavitud como prostitutas, condenó a 42 pandilleros del Conjunto Doble II por varios delitos, incluidos más de 25 asesinatos, y condenó al comerciante británico Hemant Lakhani por intentar vender misiles. [53] A pesar de las acusaciones de trampa , [54] Lakhani fue condenado por un jurado en abril de 2005 por intentar proporcionar apoyo material a terroristas, intermediación ilegal de artículos de defensa extranjeros e intentar importar mercancías a los EE. UU. Mediante declaraciones falsas, además de dos cargos de blanqueo de capitales. Fue condenado a 47 años de prisión. [55]

En 2007, Christie procesó a los planificadores del plan de ataque evitado en 2007 en Fort Dix , que ha mencionado con frecuencia como un punto culminante de su carrera. [56]

Christie en una reunión del ayuntamiento en Union City, Nueva Jersey , el 9 de febrero de 2011

Durante el segundo mandato de George W. Bush, surgió una controversia sobre la destitución por parte de la administración de varios fiscales estadounidenses , supuestamente por razones políticas. Cuando se reveló que Christie había estado en una versión preliminar de la lista de blancos, el senador de Nueva York Charles Schumer dijo: "Me sorprendió cuando vi el nombre de Chris Christie en la lista anoche. Solo muestra un departamento [de Justicia] que ha volverse loco." [57] Pat Meehan , el fiscal de Estados Unidos en Filadelfia, dijo: "Entre sus compañeros, Chris se destaca como uno de los más admirados. Si creara una lista de los abogados de Estados Unidos que han tenido el mayor impacto, Chris sería uno de los dos o tres nombres principales que le pondría. Esto desafía toda explicación ". [57]

Los oponentes de Christie afirmaron que se había salido de la lista de blancos de la administración Bush al perseguir al congresista Robert Menéndez ; por ejemplo, el columnista del New York Times Paul Krugman escribió: "Las afirmaciones de persecución de Menéndez ahora parecen bastante plausibles". [57] Christie había emitido una citación con respecto a Menéndez 65 días antes de las elecciones al Senado de 2006 , en las que Menéndez derrotó al republicano Thomas Kean Jr. para convertirse en el senador junior de Nueva Jersey . [12] [58] Los biógrafos de Christie (los periodistas Michael Symons y Bob Ingle) concluyeron que, "El momento de la citación relacionada con Menéndez no se alinea correctamente para apoyar la teoría de los críticos". [57] Los ayudantes de Christie han dicho que la citación fue motivada por un informe periodístico sobre Menéndez, [59] que los fiscales temían que pudiera conducir inminentemente a la destrucción de documentos y otras pruebas. La investigación de Menéndez continuó durante años después de que Christie dejó el cargo como Fiscal Federal, hasta que finalmente Menéndez fue absuelto el 5 de octubre de 2011 [57].

Campaña para gobernador de 2009

El autobús de campaña de Christie se detiene frente a Stainton Square en Ocean City, Nueva Jersey.

Christie se presentó como candidata para el cargo de gobernador el 8 de enero de 2009. [60] El ex gobernador Thomas Kean ayudó a Christie a hacer campaña y a recaudar fondos. [12] En las primarias del 2 de junio, Christie ganó la nominación republicana con el 55% de los votos, derrotando a los oponentes Steve Lonegan y Rick Merkt . [61] Luego eligió a Kimberly Guadagno , alguacil del condado de Monmouth , para completar su boleto de campaña como candidato a vicegobernador . El 3 de noviembre, Christie derrotó a Jon Corzine por un margen del 49% al 45%, y el 6% de los votos fue para el candidato independiente Chris Daggett . [62]

Campaña para gobernador de 2013

En noviembre de 2012, Christie presentó documentos para postularse para un segundo mandato. [63] [64] Christie fue reelegida por un amplio margen el 5 de noviembre de 2013, derrotando a la candidata demócrata Barbara Buono . Los asesores de Christie dijeron que Christie buscó ganar por un amplio margen para posicionarse para las primarias presidenciales y desarrollar un modelo para otros candidatos republicanos. [65] Christie comenzó a construir una red nacional de recaudación de fondos, con la ayuda del hecho de que solo otro estado tenía un concurso de gobernador en 2013, y esos recursos financieros estaban destinados a apoyar un esfuerzo importante de divulgación hacia los negros, los hispanos y las mujeres. [65] También ordenó una elección especial de 25 millones de dólares para ocupar el puesto del difunto senador Frank Lautenberg . Se creía que la medida estaba motivada por el deseo de evitar que el alcalde de Newark, Cory Booker, compartiera un día de elecciones, 20 días después, con Christie, deprimiendo así la participación de votantes negros que de otro modo se esperaba que tendía a votar por los demócratas. [66]

Tenencia

Christie asumió el cargo de gobernador de Nueva Jersey el 19 de enero de 2010. [67] Eligió no trasladar a su familia a Drumthwacket , la mansión oficial del gobernador, y en su lugar residió en una residencia privada del municipio de Mendham, Nueva Jersey . [68]

Durante su mandato como gobernador, Christie desarrolló una imagen pública como un impetuoso, [69] grandilocuente, [70] contundente [71], "tipo duro". [72]

Problemas fiscales

Mientras hacía campaña para gobernador, Christie prometió no aumentar los impuestos. También prometió reducir los impuestos estatales sobre la renta y las empresas, con la salvedad de que esto podría no ocurrir de inmediato. [73]

Como gobernador, Christie afirma que sus presupuestos anuales no aumentaron los impuestos, aunque hizo reducciones en los créditos fiscales , como el crédito del impuesto sobre la renta del trabajo y los programas de desgravación del impuesto a la propiedad , [74] [75] también firmaría una legislación que limita el aumento del impuesto a la propiedad a 2 % anual. [76] Bajo Christie, no hubo aumentos de tasas en los tres principales generadores de ingresos del estado: impuesto sobre la renta , impuesto sobre las ventas e impuesto corporativo . [75]

In February 2010, Christie signed an executive order declaring a "state of fiscal emergency" due to the projected $2.2 billion budget deficit for that fiscal year.[77] Following the order, Christie proposed a new budget which eliminated the New Jersey Department of the Public Advocate, which had an upkeep of $1.3 million.[78] In late June 2011, Christie utilized New Jersey's line-item veto to eliminate nearly $1 billion from the proposed budget, signing it into law just hours prior to July 1, 2011, the beginning of the state's fiscal year.[79] That same year, Christie signed into law a payroll tax cut authorizing the New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development to reduce payroll deduction for most employees from $148 to $61 per year.[80]

On five separate occasions, Christie vetoed legislation pushed by Democrats to implement a millionaire tax.[81] After Democrat Phil Murphy became governor, Democrats backed off the legislation, with New Jersey Senate President Stephen M. Sweeney stating, "[t]his state is taxed out. If you know anything about New Jersey, they're just weary of the taxes."[81]

During Christie's tenure, New Jersey's credit rating was downgraded nine times (across Standard & Poor, Fitch Ratings, and Moody's Investors Service), leaving only Illinois with a lower rating among U.S. states.[82][83] Christie received a B grade in 2012[84][85] and in 2014[86][87] from the Cato Institute, a libertarian think tank, in their biennial fiscal policy report on America's governors.

Tax credits and incentives

On September 18, 2013, Christie signed legislation to overhaul the state's business tax incentive programs. The legislation reduced the number of tax incentive programs from five to two, raised the caps on tax credits, and allowed smaller companies to qualify. It also increased the credits available for businesses in South Jersey.[88]

Public employee pensions

In March 2010, Christie signed into law three state pension reform bills, which had passed with bipartisan support. The laws decreased pension benefits for future hires and required public employees to contribute 1.5 percent of their salaries toward their health care. The laws prompted a lawsuit by the police and firefighters' unions.[89] In his campaign for governor, Christie opposed any change in pension benefits for firefighters and law enforcement officers, including "current officers, future officers or retirees". He described the pension agreement as "a sacred trust".[90]

Later that year, he called for further cuts, including the elimination of cost-of-living adjustments for all current and future retirees.[91] In June 2011, Christie announced a deal with the Democratic leadership of the legislature on a reform of public employee pensions and benefits. The deal raised public employees' pension contributions, mandated the state to make annual payments into the system, increased public employee contributions toward health insurance premiums, and ended collective bargaining for health benefits. The reform is projected to save the state $120 billion over 30 years.[92]

In June 2013, Christie signed a $33 billion state budget that makes a record $1.7 billion payment to the state's pension fund and also increases school funding by almost $100 million. The budget resulted from negotiations between Christie and Democratic leaders in the state legislature and was the first that Christie has signed as passed, without vetoing any of its provisions.[93]

In May 2014, Christie cut the contributions to New Jersey public workers' pension funds for a 14-month period by nearly $2.5 billion to deal with a revenue shortfall in the state budget of $2.75 billion.[94] The state will instead make a $1.3 billion payment during the period. Christie cited the state constitution's requirement to have a balanced budget for his decision to cut payments to pensions for state workers, and follows Christie's changes to the state's pension formula earlier in 2014 to save $900 million through the end of his term.[95]

Education

Perhaps the most controversial school policy kept alive during Christie's reign as governor of New Jersey was state control of school districts.[96] These school districts contained relatively high numbers of underachieving students, people of color, people who are poor, and people who belonged to the Democratic political party, which was in opposition to Christie.[97][98] In Newark, Christie hired Chris Cerf to replace Cami Anderson to be the state-appointed authority over the school district[99][100] Under Christie, Cerf took the politically unpopular move to overrule the democratically elected school board in Newark.[101] Recent research concluded that the reforms pressed by Christie, Anderson, and Cerf were ineffective at improving outcomes in Newark.[102] The reforms in Newark, of which Christie has claimed success,[103] have also been criticized by the New Yorker Magazine[104] and a popular book titled The Prize.[105]

Another political scandal implicating Christie has been the under-funding of school districts. Reports found that Christie's state government did not follow the School Funding Reform Act and illegally withheld funds from districts throughout New Jersey. A 2017 school funding proposal by Christie was described by education researchers as "one of the least equitable in the country"[106] During Christie's governorship, State Commissioner of Education Chris Cerf came to the defense of the policies that the NJ Supreme Court declared unconstitutional,[107] which contradicted basic education research.[108][109]

Christie, whose own children attend Catholic parochial school, is a strong supporter of the state granting tax credits to parents who send their children to private and parochial schools.[110] He also supports the introduction of state-funded vouchers, which parents of students in failing school districts could use to pay the tuition of private schools, or of public schools in communities other than their own which agree to accept them.[111] Christie supports merit pay for teachers.[112]

On August 25, 2010, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services announced $400 million in federal Race to the Top education grants to New Jersey would not be funded due to a clerical error in the state's application made by an unidentified mid-level state official. Christie responded by saying that the Obama administration bureaucracy had overstepped its authority and that the error lay in an administration failure to communicate with the New Jersey government.[113] However, information later came to light that the issue had already been raised with Christie's Education Commissioner Bret Schundler, and in response Christie had asked for Schundler's resignation; Schundler initially agreed to resign, but the following morning asked to be fired instead, citing his need to claim unemployment benefits. Schundler maintained that he told Christie the truth and that Christie was misstating what actually occurred.[114]

In January 2011, the Christie administration approved 23 new charter schools, including the state's first independent school for children with autism. The approvals increased the number of charter schools in the state to 96.[115]

On August 6, 2012, Christie signed a law reforming the tenure system for New Jersey public school teachers. Under the new law, teachers will be required to work four years, instead of three, in order to earn tenure. Additionally, teachers will need to earn positive ratings two years in a row before tenure can be awarded. Tenured teachers with poor ratings for two consecutive years will be eligible for dismissal. Finally the law limits the hearing process for appeals related to dismissal of tenured teachers to 105 days.[116]

On March 6, 2013, the Christie administration released proposed regulations to overhaul the process of evaluating public school teachers in New Jersey. Under the proposal, a percentage of teachers' evaluations would be based on student growth on state tests or based on student achievement goals set with principals.[117]

In September 2014, Christie signed a partnership with Mexico on a higher education project to foster economic cooperation. The program will focus on research ventures, cross-border fellowships, student and teacher exchanges and conferences—among other educational opportunities.[118]

Energy and environment

Christie has stated that he believes that the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection is too big and is "killing business" with permit delays and indiscriminate fines. He announced that, if elected, the agency would be his first target for government reduction: he would reduce its workforce and strip it of its fish and wildlife oversight.[119]

Christie has stated that he intends to simultaneously spur growth in the state's manufacturing sector and increase New Jersey's capability to produce alternative energy. He has proposed a list of policy measures to achieve this, including giving tax credits to businesses that build new wind energy and manufacturing facilities, changing land use rules to allow solar energy on permanently preserved farmland, installing solar farms on closed landfills, setting up a consolidated energy promotion program, and following a five-to-one production to non-production job ratio in the creation of new energy jobs.[120] In August 2010, legislation to encourage the development of wind power in New Jersey was signed by Christie at the Port of Paulsboro. The Offshore Wind Economic Development Act authorized New Jersey Economic Development Authority to provide up to $100 million in tax credits for wind energy facilities.[121] The governor has pledged to ban coal-fired power plants, and to reach 22.5% renewable generation in the state by 2021.[122]

On May 26, 2011, Christie announced he would pull the state out of Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative.[123] This was challenged in court which ruled in March 2014 that Christie had acted illegally in doing so since state regulations do not permit it.[124] His administration sought to repeal the rules.[125]

Hydraulic fracturing

Christie has rejected permanent bans on hydraulic fracturing (fracking) in New Jersey and vetoed measures that would ban the process and disposal of hydraulic fracturing waste in the State. New Jersey has few proven shale reserves and the process is not practiced there. Christie argued that the vetoed Senate Bill (S253) was premature because of an ongoing study to be completed in 2014 and would discriminate against other states, a violation of the Dormant Commerce Clause of the U.S. Constitution.[126] Supporters of legislation have said that hydraulic fracturing waste from Pennsylvania makes its way into New Jersey for treatment, although how much is not clear. They also criticized Christie's legal analysis saying that the Office of Legislative Services has said that the bill is constitutional.[126]

Exxon Mobil environmental contamination lawsuit

Christie's settled a lawsuit with Exxon Mobil by allowing the corporation to pay $225 million in damages for environmental contamination at two sites, less than 3% of the $8.9 billion that the state's lawyers had sought, and extended the compensation to cover other damages not named in the original lawsuit.[127] The settlement was slammed by environmental advocates. David Pringle, state campaign director of Clean Water Action, called it "the biggest corporate subsidy in state history," vowing to overturn it.[128] Jeff Tittel of the Sierra Club called this move "a violation of the public trust."[127] The New Jersey State Senate also condemned the deal, with state Senator Raymond Lesniak and others suggesting the decision was Christie's effort to plug his own budget shortfalls at the expense of taxpayers over the long term.[129][130][131] ExxonMobil had donated $500,000 to the Republican Governors Association while Christie was Chairman, though they have insisted it was unrelated to the ongoing suit.[132] The previous gubernatorial administration, that of Democrat Jon Corzine, had also attempted to settle with Exxon, for $550 million, though this offer was made before a 2009 ruling that strengthened the state's bargaining position.[133]

Supreme Court nominations

Governor Chris Christie speaking at an event in October 2015

By tradition since the 1947 state constitution, the seven-member New Jersey Supreme Court maintains a political balance and is composed of four members of either the Democratic Party or Republican Party and three of the other.[134] Christie broke with the tradition in May 2010 when he chose not to renominate Justice John E. Wallace Jr.[135] While on the campaign trail, Christie had said the court "inappropriately encroached on both the executive and legislative function, and that if elected governor, [he] would take steps . . . to bring back an appropriate constitutional balance to the court."[136] Over the course of his tenure, Christie had been in a major conflict with the New Jersey Legislature over the court's partisan balance.[137][138] The stand-off between the governor and the New Jersey Senate resulted in longstanding vacancies, with temporarily assigned appellate judges filling in.[139][140]

Minimum wage and equal pay for women

In January 2013, Christie vetoed a New Jersey Legislature bill that would have raised the minimum wage from $7.25 to $8.50 per hour.[141][142] The following November, the issue was placed on the ballot as a constitutional amendment referendum, passing with 61% of the vote.[143][144]

On September 21, 2012, Christie signed Assembly Bill No. 2647 (A-2647) into law that requires employers to post and distribute notice of employees' rights to gender-equal pay, but conditionally vetoed other gender parity bills, requesting revision.[145]

Farm animal welfare

In June 2013, Christie vetoed S1921, an animal welfare bill introduced by the Humane Society of the United States to prohibit the use of gestation crates on pregnant pigs in the state. The bill had passed in the General Assembly with a vote of 60–5 and the Senate 29–4.[146][147][148] A 2013 survey by Mason-Dixon Polling & Research Inc. showed 91% of New Jersey voters supported the legislation.[149] An attempt to override the veto did not come to a vote.[150] In October 2014, a similar bill banning gestation crates, S998, was proposed with a vote in the Senate of 32–1 and in the Assembly of 53–13 (with 9 abstentions)[151][152] While campaigning in Iowa in November, in a conversation with the former president of the Iowa Pork Producers Association, Christie indicated he would veto the bill.[153] He did so on November 27, 2014.[154] The bill's sponsor, Senator Raymond Lesniak, had vowed to override it.[155]

Immigrants and immigration laws

Christie emphasizes the need to secure the border, and believes it is premature to discuss legalization of people who came to the United States unlawfully.[156] While serving as U.S. Attorney for the District of New Jersey, Christie stressed that simply "[b]eing in this country without proper documentation is not a crime," but rather a civil wrong; and that undocumented people are not criminals unless they have re-entered the country after being deported. As such, Christie stated, responsibility for dealing with improperly documented foreign nationals lies with U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, not the U.S. Attorney's Office.[157]

Christie has been critical about section 287(g) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, enacted in 1996, which can be used to grant local law enforcement officers power to perform immigration law enforcement functions.[158]

In December 2013, Christie signed legislation allowing unauthorized immigrants who attend high school for at least three years in New Jersey and graduate to be eligible for the resident rates at state college and universities and community colleges.[159]

Homosexuality and same-sex marriage

Governor Chris Christie opposed gay marriage but supported civil unions for same-sex couples.[160] "Christie previously vetoed gay marriage legislation. He has said he supports the state's civil union law, which was enacted to give gay couples the benefits of marriage but not the title."[161] Christie indicated in 2009 that he would veto any bill legalizing same-sex marriage in the state,[73] saying, "I also believe marriage should be exclusively between one man and one woman.... If a bill legalizing same sex marriage came to my desk as Governor, I would veto it."[162] On February 13, 2012, the State Senate passed a bill legalizing same-sex marriage by a vote of 24 to 16, and on February 16, the Assembly passed it by a vote of 42 to 33, with three Republicans and one Democrat not voting, and one seat temporarily vacant. In neither house was the bill passed by a veto-proof majority. Governor Christie vetoed the bill the next day and called for a constitutional amendment for same-sex marriage to be presented to the voters as a ballot referendum.[163] He also called for creation of an ombudsman (public advocate) to ensure compliance with the state's existing civil union law.[164]

Christie's veto was overturned in a court decision in the Garden State Equality v. Dow case, in which the judge stated New Jersey was "... violating the mandate of Lewis and the New Jersey Constitution's equal protection guarantee". Following the decision, the Christie administration immediately asked the state Supreme Court to grant a stay of the decision pending appeal, which was denied on October 18, 2013, in a 7–0 decision of the court which stated that it could "find no public interest in depriving a group of New Jersey residents of their constitutional right to equal protection while the appeals process unfolds".[165] Three days later Christie withdrew the state's appeal.[166][167]

Christie believes that homosexuality is innate, having said, "If someone is born that way, it's very difficult to say then that that's a sin."[168] On August 19, 2013, Christie signed a bill outlawing gay conversion therapy for children, making New Jersey the second state to institute such a law.[169] The law was challenged in the courts,[170] with Christie, in his official capacity as governor, named an appellee.[171] In September 2014, a panel of the 3rd U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals upheld the law, saying it did not violate free speech or religious rights.[172]

Abortion

In his early political career, Christie was pro-choice, stating in an interview that "I would call myself … a kind of a non-thinking pro-choice person, kind of the default position".[173] Later on, in 2009, Christie declared he was anti-abortion."[162] He has stated, with respect to his opposition to abortion, that he would not use the governor's office to "force that down people's throats", but does favor restrictions on abortion such as banning "partial-birth abortion", requiring parental notification, and imposing a 24-hour waiting period.[73] He does support legal access to abortion in cases of rape, incest, or if the woman's life is in danger.[174]

In 2014, campaigning in Alabama for incumbent governor Robert Bentley, Christie stated that he was the first "pro-life governor" elected in New Jersey since Roe v. Wade in 1973.[175] He also stated that he had vetoed funding for Planned Parenthood five times as governor.[175] In March 2015, Christie joined other potential 2016 Republican presidential candidates in endorsing a ban on abortions after 20 weeks of pregnancy.[176]

On August 4, 2015, Christie stated that he has used birth control other than the rhythm method.[177][178][179][180]

Marijuana legalization

The "New Jersey Compassionate Use Medical Marijuana Act" was enacted in January 2010 to legalize the medical use of marijuana in New Jersey.[181][182] In August 2013, Christie signed a bill to ease restrictions for children in the program.[183] Christie opposes legalizing the recreational use of marijuana,[184] believing it to be a gateway drug and that taxes from its sale are "blood money".[185] Christie said he would "crack down" on states that have ended the prohibition of cannabis if he were president.[186]

Vaccination

Christie responded to calls by President Obama to prevent the spread of measles by saying that parents should have a choice.[187] The governor's office said that he "believes vaccines are an important public health protection and with a disease like measles there is no question kids should be vaccinated",[188] but that he was unaware of a free national program to provide new parents with a vaccine checklist.[189]

Firearms

In December 2010, Christie commuted the seven-year sentence of Brian Aitken, who had been convicted of transporting three guns within the state; as a result, Aitken was released from prison.[190]

Christie has said that each state has the right to determine firearms laws without federal interference.[191] When announcing his candidacy in 2009 he said he supported aggressive enforcement of the state's current gun laws.[73] In 2013, he chose not to defend a legal challenge to a New Jersey law requiring individuals to prove an urgent threat of violence before getting permits to carry handguns.[192][193] In July 2014, Christie vetoed legislation that would have reduced the allowed legal size of ammunition magazines. Instead he re-wrote it, proposing a new standard for involuntary commitment of people who are not necessarily deemed dangerous "but whose mental illness, if untreated, could deteriorate to the point of harm" as well as other forms of involuntary mental health treatments.[194] Christie had previously vetoed proposed legislation that would bar the state pension fund from investing in companies that manufacture or sell assault firearms for civilian use and a bill to prohibit the sale of .50-caliber rifles to civilians.[195] In July 2015, Christie vetoed a bill passed by the Assembly, 74–0 (six abstentions), and the Senate by a 38–0 (2 abstentions) which would require anyone seeking to have their mental health records expunged to purchase a firearm to notify the State Police, their county prosecutor and their local police department when petitioning the court.[196] In October 2015, the New Jersey Senate voted to override Christie's veto.[197]

In January 2018, during his final days as Governor of New Jersey, Christie signed legislation making bump stocks illegal in the state.[198]

Transportation

Christie has raised tolls and fares ("user fees") on the New Jersey Turnpike, Garden State Parkway, Hudson River crossings and NJ Transit buses and trains during his administration to fund projects throughout the state.[199] In 2014, Christie authorized the increase of numerous other fees charged by the state for various licensing and administrative fees.[200][201]

In 2010, Christie cancelled the Access to the Region's Core project, which would have constructed two new tunnels under the Hudson River and a new terminal station in New York City for NJ Transit commuter trains. Christopher O. Ward advocated for the tunnel on behalf of the Port Authority.[202] He cited escalating costs and possible further overruns as the reason for his decision.[203] Proponents of the project said it would have created 6,000 construction jobs per year and 45,000 secondary jobs once complete.[204] After the cancellation, New Jersey had to return $95 million to the federal government, and used $1.8 billion of Port Authority of New York and New Jersey money from the project budget to pay for repairs to the Pulaski Skyway, since the New Jersey Transportation Trust Fund that should fund such maintenance is effectively bankrupt.[205] The termination of the project has made the need for increased rail capacity under the Hudson River more urgent, and Amtrak's Gateway Project to bore new tunnels is currently unfunded.[206]

Hurricane Sandy

"> Play media
'Chris Christie On Post-Sandy Obama Meet- 'I Would Do It Again video from MSNBC in 2017 in the aftermath of Hurricane Harvey

On December 28, 2012, the U.S. Senate approved $60.4 billion aid package for Hurricane Sandy disaster relief.[207] The House did not vote until the next session on January 3. On January 2, Christie criticized the delay as "selfishness and duplicity" and blamed the House Speaker John Boehner and the rest of the House Republican leadership.[208] A bill for relief was passed in the House on January 15.[209]

In 2014, the U.S. Department of Justice opened an inquiry into allegations that Christie made state grants of Hurricane Sandy relief funds to New Jersey cities conditional on support for other projects.[210][211]

Visit to the Middle East

Continuing the tradition of earlier New Jersey governors since the 1980s, Christie traveled to Israel in April 2012.[212][213][214] During the visit, which included meetings with Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and President Shimon Peres, Christie commented that "Jerusalem has never been better or freer than under Israeli control."[215] Christie took a helicopter tour of the West Bank and cautioned against Israeli withdrawal from the West Bank, Jerusalem or the Golan Heights.[216] The official title given to the trip was "Jersey to Jerusalem Trade Mission: Economic Growth, Diplomacy, Observance".[217] The visit to Israel was Christie's first official overseas trip since taking office.[218] From Israel, Christie continued with his family to Jordan, as guests of King Abdullah II.[219]

Fort Lee lane closure

George Washington Bridge over the Hudson River, looking west from Manhattan to Fort Lee and the Palisades

From September 9 through September 13, 2013, two of the three traffic lanes in Fort Lee normally open to access the George Washington Bridge and New York City were closed on orders from a senior Christie aide and a Christie administration appointee. The lane closures in the morning rush hour resulted in massive traffic back-ups on the local streets for five days.[220][221]

One common theory as to why the lanes were closed is that it was political retribution against Democratic Fort Lee Mayor Mark Sokolich for not supporting Christie in the 2013 gubernatorial election.[222][223] Another possible motive involves a major real estate development project, which was a top priority for Sokolich, that was under way at the Fort Lee bridge access point.[223][224]

Several of Christie's appointees and aides resigned, and Christie fired others, as investigations into the closures intensified.[225][226] In a radio interview on February 3, 2014, Christie indicated that he "unequivocally" had no knowledge of, did not approve, and did not authorize plans to close the toll lanes, and stated that he first found out about the traffic jams from a story in The Wall Street Journal after the lanes had been reopened.[227] In an interview on ABC, Christie reiterated that he was shocked by the actions of his former aides, stating that "Sometimes, people do inexplicably stupid things."[228]

Other investigations were conducted by the United States Attorney for the District of New Jersey, the New Jersey Legislature, and the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. On September 18, 2014, WNBC reported that unnamed federal sources said the US Attorney investigation had found no evidence that Christie had prior knowledge of or directed the closures.[229][230] An interim report by the NJ legislative committee investigating the closures was released in December 2014.[231] The committee had been unable to determine if Christie had advance knowledge since it was asked by the US Attorney to postpone interviewing certain key witnesses.[232] At a press conference on May 1, 2015, U.S. Attorney Paul J. Fishman stated that, based upon the evidence that was available, his office would not bring any more charges in the case.[233] However, in September 2016, federal prosecutors in a trial of two New Jersey government officials over their involvement in "Bridgegate" said that a defendant and a witness boasted about their actions to the governor at the time, confirming what Donald Trump had said in December 2015 while opposing Christie for the Republican nomination for the 2016 presidential election.[234]

On October 13, 2016, a complaint of official misconduct that alleges that the governor knew of the closures of access lanes while they were ongoing but failed to act to reopen them was allowed to proceed.[235][236] In response to the complaint filed by a local citizen, Bergen County Municipal Presiding Judge Roy McGeady said "I'm satisfied that there's probable cause to believe that an event of official misconduct was caused by Governor Christie. I'm going to issue the summons."[237] In January 2017, Bergen County prosecutors said they would not seek criminal charges against Christie in connection with the scandal.[238][239]

On November 4, 2016, a federal jury convicted former top Christie aides Bill Baroni and Bridget Anne Kelly of all charges.[240][241] In March 2017, Baroni was sentenced to two years in prison and Kelly to 18 months in prison.[242] The U.S. Supreme Court overturned the convictions on May 7, 2020.[243]

Island Beach State Park incident

In July 2017 during a budget shutdown and partial closing of state government services and facilities, the governor and his family were photographed from an airplane vacationing at Island Beach State Park alone on the beach. The beach which was closed to the public as a result of the shutdown, and Christie commuted to the beach from Trenton via state helicopter while his family was staying at the official governor's residence there. His spokesman said that he didn't "get any sun" because he was wearing a baseball cap at the time of the photo.[244] When asked in an interview about people being upset that he was at the beach when they were unable to visit the beach, Christie responded, "'I’m sorry they’re not the governor'".[245]

Approval ratings

In the aftermath of Hurricane Sandy and his response to it, Christie's approval rating saw a high of 77%.[246] In August 2014, his approval rating had dropped to 49% with disapproval estimated at 47%.[247] In the aftermath of his campaign for the Republican nomination for president in 2016, a Rutgers-Eagleton survey found the governor's approval rating had dropped to 26%. A similar result was again found by the Institute in September 2016.[248]

In May 2016, the Quinnipiac University Polling Institute found 64% of voters disapproved of the job Christie was doing, compared to 29% percent who approved.[249]

In June 2016, a Monmouth University Polling Institute survey found that just 27% of New Jersey adults approved of Christie's job performance, with 63% disapproving. The poll found that 79% of New Jersey adults say that Christie was more concerned with his political future than with governing the state.[250]

In January 2017, another Quinnipiac poll found a 2% decrease on his approval rating, estimating 17% approval with an accompanying 78% disapproval rating, making it one of its lowest approval rating for a state governor (both in New Jersey and in the U.S.) in nearly 20 years.[251] By April of that same year, another poll suggested that Christie was the least popular governor in the U.S., with a 71% disapproval rating.[252]

In June 2017, a Quinnipiac poll of New Jersey voters found that 15% approved of Christie, and 81% disapproved. This was the lowest recorded approval rating of a New Jersey governor in history, and the lowest approval rating found by Quinnipiac for any governor in any state in more than two decades.[253] In a response, Christie said he didn't care about approval ratings because he was not running for office.[254]

Open records battles

During his administration's eight years, the governor's office spent more than $1 million fighting New Jersey Open Public Records Act (OPRA) requests. On his way out, the governor, in an official letter to the State Archives, dictated how his office's records be handled. This came to light in May 2018, as the State Archives' release of electronic records relating to business by Jared Kushner, the president's son-in-law, were denied by his personal lawyer; Kushner's real estate company received $33 million in state tax breaks.[255] Open records experts challenged Christie's "disturbing" actions.[256]

Governor Chris Christie campaigning with Arizona gubernatorial candidate Doug Ducey in 2014

In November 2013, Christie was elected chairman of the Republican Governors Association, succeeding Louisiana Governor Bobby Jindal.[257] Christie campaigned extensively on behalf of Republican governors running for re-election.[258] In the first three months of 2014, the RGA raised a record sum for the first quarter of a mid-term election year, and almost doubled the amount raised by the Democratic Governors Association during the same period.[259]

Christie presided over net gains in Republican governorships in the 2014 elections, including for Republican gubernatorial candidates in three largely Democratic states: Bruce Rauner in Illinois, Larry Hogan in Maryland and Charlie Baker in Massachusetts.[260]

Chris Christie speaking at the Conservative Political Action Conference

2012 presidential election

There was ongoing speculation that Christie would attempt a run for President of the United States in 2012 by competing in the Republican primaries. In September 2011, a number of press stories cited unnamed sources indicating Christie was reconsidering his decision to stay out of the race. An Associated Press story dated September 30 indicated a decision on whether he would run for president in 2012 would be made "soon".[261] In a late September speech at the Reagan Library, he had again said he was not a candidate for president, but the speech also coincided with his "reconsideration" of the negative decision. The Koch brothers (David H. Koch and Charles G. Koch), Kenneth Langone, and retired General Electric CEO Jack Welch expressed support for a potential Christie candidacy.[262][263][264] In October 2011, Christie said that he had reconsidered his decision but had again decided not to run for president,[265][266] stating at a press conference: "New Jersey, whether you like it or not, you're stuck with me."[267] Christie endorsed Mitt Romney for president a few days later.[268]

Political commentators debated whether Christie's weight would or should affect his viability as a 2012 presidential candidate, either for medical or social reasons.[269] The Obesity Society, a nonprofit scientific group, released a statement asserting, "To suggest that Governor Christie's body weight discounts and discredits his ability to be an effective political candidate is inappropriate, unjust, and wrong."[270]

The New York Post has cited anonymous sources as saying Christie was not willing to give up the governorship to be Romney's running mate because he had doubts about their ability to win. The Romney campaign was reported to have asked him to resign his governorship if he became the vice-presidential nominee because "pay to play" laws restrict campaign contributions from financial corporation executives to governors running for federal office when the companies do business with the governor's state.[271] A memo from the campaign attributed Romney's decision not to choose Christie as his running mate, in part, to unanswered questions during the vetting process regarding a defamation lawsuit following Christie's initial campaign for Morris County Freeholder, a Securities and Exchange Commission investigation of Christie's brother, as well as his weight.[272][273]

President Barack Obama and Governor Chris Christie talk with local residents in Brigantine, New Jersey

Christie gave the keynote address at the Republican National Convention in August 2012.[274] On October 30, 2012, during a press conference to discuss the impact of Hurricane Sandy, Christie praised the disaster relief efforts of President Barack Obama.[275][276][277]

Christie stated he still supported Mitt Romney and was opposed to many of Obama's policies, but thought Obama deserved credit for his help in the disaster relief in New Jersey.[278] Christie faced significant backlash before and after the election from conservative Republicans who accused him of acting to bolster his own personal political standing at the expense of Romney and the party.[279][280]

Governor Chris Christie speaking at the 2014 Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC) in National Harbor, Maryland

In the aftermath of the election, Christie maintained his national profile and continued to clash with conservatives in his party by strongly criticizing House Speaker John Boehner regarding aid for Hurricane Sandy[281] and then the National Rifle Association for their ad that mentioned President Obama's children.[282] Christie was subsequently not invited to speak at the 2013 Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC), which is largely seen as a stepping-stone for Republicans running for president. The CPAC chair explained that Christie was not invited "for decisions that he made", but that "hopefully next year he's back on the right track and being a conservative."[283]

2016 presidential election

In January 2015, Christie took his first formal step towards a presidential candidacy by forming a political action committee (PAC)[284] in order to raise funds and prepare for a likely 2016 presidential bid.[285] On June 27, 2015, Christie launched his presidential campaign website. He formally announced his candidacy on June 30, 2015.[286][287][288][289]

Christie dropped out of the race on February 10, 2016, after the New Hampshire primary following a poor showing and low poll numbers. He received 7.4% of the overall vote in the New Hampshire primary.[290]

Christie speaking at the 2016 Republican National Convention

Despite having criticized Donald Trump prior to leaving the race,[291] he endorsed Trump on February 26, 2016.[292] On May 9, 2016, Trump named Christie to head a transition team in the event of a Trump presidency.[293] He soon emerged as a major power with the Trump campaign.[294]

Trump considered Christie as a potential vice-presidential running mate, and he was on the shortlist alongside former Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich and Indiana Governor Mike Pence.[295][296] Trump passed over Christie and selected Pence.[297] The subject's transition list for likely candidates for Trump's National Security Adviser did not include Michael Flynn, but rather, Peter Pace and William H. McRaven.[298]

In September 2016, Christie acknowledged that the Fort Lee lane closure scandal, also known as Bridgegate, was a factor in his being denied the nomination. Trump had said earlier that Christie knew about the closures, which Christie denies.[299][300] Following the release of Trump's tape-recorded comments on an Access Hollywood bus, Christie called Trump's comments "completely indefensible", but also added "I don't think it's the only way you should make a judgment."[301]

After calls for his impeachment as governor and felony convictions in U.S. federal court of high-ranking members of his staff in the Bridgegate scandal, Christie was dropped by Trump as leader of the transition team, in favor of Pence.[302][303] On the same day, Christie's close associates Richard Bagger and Bill Palatucci were both removed by Trump from the transition team.[302][303][304] Former Congressman Mike Rogers, a national security expert on the Trump transition team, was additionally another close associate of Chris Christie who was also removed a few days after Christie's departure.[305][306][307]

Christie was considered for a role in the Trump administration,[308] but said he would serve out his term as governor, which ended in January 2018.[309] On December 11, it was reported that Christie turned down offers to become Secretary of Homeland Security and Secretary of Veterans Affairs, because he wanted to be Attorney General.[310] An 18-page report outlining questions and possible concerns about Christie joining the administration[311] was released in June 2019.[312]

2020 presidential election

In 2020, Christie offered to help Trump win re-election. One of his roles was helping the president to prepare for his first debate with challenger Joe Biden on September 29, 2020. He visited the White House repeatedly during the four days preceding the debate. He said the prep sessions involved five or six people in total, none of whom wore facial coverings despite the ongoing coronavirus pandemic. He added that he tested negative for the virus each time he entered the White House and saw no-one exhibiting symptoms.[313] On October 3 he tested positive and was hospitalized, calling it a precautionary measure.[314] He was released from the hospital on October 10.[315]

In March 2017, Trump picked Christie to chair the Opioid and Drug Abuse Commission, an advisory committee on the opioid epidemic in the United States.[316][317]

Christie said that New Jersey would be spending $500 million on the epidemic, and in his last few months as governor promoted the Reach NJ Campaign.,[318][319] which included television ads in which he appeared.[320][321]

In May 2019, Santa Monica, California, tech firm WeRecover announced that Christie had joined their team as Senior Advisor on Strategy and Public Policy.[322][323] Upon joining Christie said, "As the chairman of the opioid task force, I was honored to shape our federal government's efforts to combat the opioid epidemic. But this isn't a problem government alone can solve. This is the worst epidemic we've ever faced, and we need the kind of innovation that can only come from the private sector. In WeRecover, I've found a team of some of the best and brightest people in tech, fully committed to broadening access to care through data, design and technology."[323]

In January 2018, Christie joined ABC News as a regular network contributor.[324][325] In November 2018, it was reported that he was being considered for the role of Attorney General[326] by the Trump Administration, although William Barr was ultimately selected. After meeting with Trump into December 2018, Christie said he did not want to be considered for the job of Chief of Staff.[327][328]

Christie published a book titled Let Me Finish in January 2019.[329] Also that year, he was selected for the Sports Betting Hall of Fame in recognition of his role in New Jersey's successful effort to overturn the Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act, the U.S. federal law banning single-game sports betting outside Nevada.[330]

In May 2020, Christie stated that measures taken during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States should be lifted for economic reasons. "Of course, everybody wants to save every life they can – but the question is, towards what end, ultimately? ... Are there ways that we can ... thread the middle here to allow that there are going to be deaths, and there are going to be deaths no matter what?"[331]

Christie registered as a lobbyist in June 2020. During the COVID-19 pandemic he was paid $240,000 for lobbying on behalf of a Tennessee-based chain of addiction treatment centers and three New Jersey hospital systems seeking federal funding.[3]

In March 2021, Christie joined the board of directors of the New York Mets front office.[332]

In 1986, Christie married Mary Pat Foster, a fellow student at the University of Delaware. After marrying, they shared a studio apartment in Summit, New Jersey.[333] Mary Pat Christie pursued a career in investment banking and eventually worked at the Wall Street firm Cantor Fitzgerald; she left the firm in 2001 following the September 11 attacks.[5] Through April 2015 she was a managing director at the Wall Street investment firm Angelo, Gordon & Co.[334]

Christie and Mary Pat have two sons and two daughters.[335] The family resides in Mendham Township.[336][337]

Christie's hobbies have included coaching Little League, watching the New York Mets, and attending Bruce Springsteen concerts (141 of them).[338][339] Christie's other favorite sports teams are the New York Knicks, New York Rangers, and Dallas Cowboys.[340]

Health

In 2011, columnist Eugene Robinson applied the term "extremely obese" to Christie, citing medical guidelines established by the National Institutes of Health. Christie himself was reportedly concerned about his weight and its implications for his health, describing himself as relatively healthy overall.[341] Christie underwent lap-band stomach surgery in February 2013 and disclosed the surgery to the New York Post in May of that year.[342]

On October 3, 2020, Christie tested positive for COVID-19 and was admitted to the Morristown Medical Center in New Jersey the same day, citing asthma as an underlying health concern.[343][344] On October 10, Christie was released from the hospital.[345]

  • Electoral history of Chris Christie

  1. ^ Mindock, Clark (August 8, 2015). "Chris Christie Sandy Recovery: As Presidential Campaign Falters, New Jersey Governor Slammed For Hurricane Response". International Business Times. Retrieved January 26, 2017.
  2. ^ Jeremy Diamond; Jake Tapper; Phil Mattingly; Stephen Collinson (February 26, 2016). "Chris Christie endorses Donald Trump". CNN. Retrieved February 27, 2016.
  3. ^ a b Meyer, Theodoric; Cancryn, Adam (July 23, 2020). "Chris Christie cashes in on coronavirus lobbying". Politico. Retrieved July 24, 2020.
  4. ^ "Times Topics: Christopher J. Christie", The New York Times, February 12, 2008.
  5. ^ a b c Martin, John P. (May 23, 2009). "Christie: A need to lead, honed by family and success". The Star-Ledger. Retrieved May 24, 2009.
  6. ^ "Sondra A. Christie Obituary", The Star Ledger, May 3, 2004.
  7. ^ Ingle, B.; Symons, M.G. (2012). Chris Christie: The Inside Story of His Rise to Power. St. Martin's Press. p. 10. ISBN 978-1-250-00836-7. Retrieved February 7, 2015.
  8. ^ Christie, Chris (May 19, 2010), "Governor Christie: Style" on YouTube
  9. ^ "Governor Christie Today Show Profile" on YouTube, October 20, 2010.
  10. ^ "Partial Genealogy of the Christies" (PDF). Retrieved July 27, 2013.
  11. ^ "Chris Christie ancestry". Freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com. Archived from the original on February 8, 2016. Retrieved July 27, 2013.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g Lizza, Ryan (April 14, 2014). "CROSSING CHRISTIE". The New Yorker. Retrieved April 20, 2014.
  13. ^ "Gov. Chris Christie heads home to Livingston to talk taxes". The Trentonian. Associated Press. December 8, 2010. Retrieved February 24, 2011. "Gov. Chris Christie hosts his 16th town hall in his hometown of Livingston Wednesday to talk about proposals to help New Jersey towns control property taxes".
  14. ^ "Where Chris Christie Found His Political Calling". NPR.org.
  15. ^ "Rutgers University graduates largest class, gives N.J. Gov. Chris Christie traditional honorary degree". The Star-Ledger; May 16, 2010.
  16. ^ "Monmouth University graduates, alumni protest Gov. Chris Christie as graduation speaker". The Star-Ledger. Retrieved February 25, 2014.
  17. ^ a b "Here's a look at the life of New Jersey Governor Chris Christie", CNN (February 17, 2013).
  18. ^ Rispoli, Michael (August 25, 2009). "Gov. Corzine, Chris Christie trade barbs about lobbying histories". The Star-Ledger. Retrieved June 28, 2014.
  19. ^ Nuzzi, Olivia. "Portrait of the Governor as a Young Man". Politico. Retrieved February 19, 2014.
  20. ^ Symons, Michael and Ingle, Bob. Chris Christie: The Inside Story of His Rise to Power, pp. 48–49 (Macmillan 2013).
  21. ^ Garber, Phil. "Christie eats crow, apologizes for 1994 ads against rivals Archived September 27, 2013, at the Wayback Machine", Hanover Eagle and Regional Weekly News (November 14, 1996).
  22. ^ Heininger, Claire (May 11, 2009). "GOP candidate Chris Christie launched political career as Morris County freeholder". The Star-Ledger. Retrieved August 25, 2009.
  23. ^ Symons, Michael and Ingle, Bob. Chris Christie: The Inside Story of His Rise to Power, p. 56 (Macmillan 2013).
  24. ^ Nuzzi, Olivia. "Portrait of the Governor as a young man". Politico.
  25. ^ a b Pizarrom, Max (December 29, 2008). "A political career in three parts: Chris Christie, the freeholder". PolitickerNJ.com. Retrieved August 25, 2009.
  26. ^ "Freeholders admit wrongdoing, apologize over Christie suit". New Jersey Hills. January 25, 2001. Retrieved February 22, 2014.
  27. ^ Symons, Michael and Ingle, Bob. Chris Christie: The Inside Story of His Rise to Power, p. 61 (Macmillan 2013).
  28. ^ a b Michael Rispoli (August 26, 2009). "Gov. Corzine, Chris Christie trade barbs about lobbying histories". The Star-Ledger.
  29. ^ Lloyd Grove (January 7, 2013). "In New Jersey and Across America, Chris Christie Casts a Big Shadow". The Daily Beast.
  30. ^ Margolin, Josh (August 26, 2009). "Christie, Corzine duel over outsider label". The Star-Ledger. Retrieved August 29, 2009.
  31. ^ "Nominations". December 7, 2001. Retrieved August 10, 2015.
  32. ^ Mansnerus, Laura (August 26, 2001), "New Jersey G.O.P. and Legal Elite Differ on U.S. Attorney", The Star-Ledger, retrieved March 25, 2009
  33. ^ a b c MacGillis, Alec (February 12, 2014). "Chris Christie's Rise and Fall". The New Republic.
  34. ^ Kirkpatrick, David D.; Rutenberg, Jim (March 29, 2007), "E-Mail Shows Rove's Role in Fate of Prosecutors", The New York Times, retrieved August 26, 2009
  35. ^ Editorial (November 17, 2008), "An impressive resume", The Star-Ledger, retrieved March 25, 2009
  36. ^ Smothers, Ronald (October 4, 2002). "Former New Jersey Official Admits Extorting Bribes". The New York Times. Retrieved April 28, 2010.
  37. ^ Smothers, Ronald (May 31, 2003), "Treffinger Pleads Guilty To Corruption", The New York Times, retrieved March 25, 2009
  38. ^ Kocieniewski, David (September 15, 2006), "Guilty Plea Expected From Former Senate Leader in Trenton", The New York Times, retrieved July 20, 2009
  39. ^ Jeff Whelan, and John P. Martin (April 16, 2008), "Newark ex-mayor Sharpe James is convicted of fraud", The Star-Ledger, retrieved March 25, 2009
  40. ^ Livio, Susan K. (November 19, 2008), "Ex-lawmaker Wayne Bryant is found guilty of bribery", The Star-Ledger, retrieved July 20, 2009
  41. ^ a b c d Barkow, Anthony and Rachel Barkow. Prosecutors in the Boardroom: Using Criminal Law to Regulate Corporate Conduct, pp. 3–4 (NYU Press, 2011).
  42. ^ a b Shenon, Philip (March 11, 2008), "New Guidelines Ahead of Ashcroft Testimony", The New York Times, retrieved March 25, 2009, The new monitoring guidelines offer no rules to help prosecutors determine how much a monitor should be paid. In Mr. Ashcroft's case, the fees were determined in negotiations between Zimmer and his firm, the Ashcroft Group. Outside lawyers who have reviewed Mr. Ashcroft's fee structure said it was not out of line. But Professor Henning said he believed that many companies were willing to pay exorbitant fees to a monitor in hopes of leniency.
  43. ^ Whelan, Jeff (November 19, 2007), "Ashcroft's firm to collect $52M to monitor implant case", The Star-Ledger, retrieved August 2, 2009
  44. ^ Reisinger, Sue (May 21, 2008), New DOJ Policy: Just Call it the Christopher Christie Amendment, Law.com, retrieved June 2, 2009
  45. ^ Martin, John P.; Margolin, Josh (November 18, 2008), "Christie quits, setting GOP wheels in motion", The Star-Ledger, retrieved July 20, 2009
  46. ^ Kocieniewski, David (June 26, 2009), "In Testy Exchange in Congress, Christie Defends His Record as a Prosecutor", The New York Times, retrieved July 25, 2009. Ashcroft defended the practice. See Ashcroft, John. "Bailout Justice", The New York Times (May 4, 2009).
  47. ^ Lattman, Peter. Seton Hall Announces Drugmaker-Funded Health Law Center, The Wall Street Journal (April 27, 2007). Christie also said that "It was not my idea. It was not my initiative. It was something they asked for..." See Symons, Michael and Ingle, Bob. Chris Christie: The Inside Story of His Rise to Power, p. 113 (Macmillan 2013).
  48. ^ Paul Cox (March 25, 2009), "N.J. GOP gubernatorial candidate Chris Christie's deferred prosecution agreements", The Star-Ledger, retrieved July 23, 2009
  49. ^ Kocieniewski, David (June 26, 2009), "In Testy Exchange in Congress, Christie Defends His Record as a Prosecutor", The New York Times, retrieved July 25, 2009. GOP Representative Trent Franks called the hearing a "witch hunt" whereas Democratic Representative Bill Pascrell called the payment to Ashcroft "ransom". See Symons, Michael and Ingle, Bob. Chris Christie: The Inside Story of His Rise to Power, p. 115 (Macmillan 2013).
  50. ^ Heininger, Claire (June 19, 2009), "GOP candidate Chris Christie agrees to testify before Congress on federal monitoring contracts", The Star-Ledger, retrieved August 2, 2009
  51. ^ Symons, Michael and Ingle, Bob. Chris Christie: The Inside Story of His Rise to Power, p. 75 (Macmillan 2013).
  52. ^ Ryan, Joe. "Christie proved himself a man of convictions", The Star Ledger (November 23, 2008).
  53. ^ "Arms Trader 2009". This American Life. Season 15. Episode 387. August 7, 2009. 50:45 minutes in. Chicago Public Radio. Retrieved August 11, 2009.
  54. ^ "Attorney General Alberto R. Gonzales Highlights Success in the War on Terror at the Council on Foreign Relations", Department of Justice (December 1, 2005).
  55. ^ Hussain, Murtaza; Ghalayini, Razan (June 25, 2015). "Christie's Conspiracy". The Intercept. First Look Media. Retrieved June 28, 2015.
  56. ^ a b c d e Symons, Michael and Ingle, Bob. Chris Christie: The Inside Story of His Rise to Power, pp. 99–106 (Macmillan 2013).
  57. ^ Harowitz, Jason (October 15, 2006), "Prosecutor Makes a Meal of N.J. Senate Race", The New York Observer, retrieved November 5, 2009
  58. ^ Kocienniewski, David (February 13, 2008). "Usually on Attack, U.S. Attorney in Newark Finds Himself on the Defensive". The New York Times. Retrieved May 28, 2009.
  59. ^ Margolin, Josh; Alloway, Kristen (January 8, 2009). "Christopher Christie files to run for New Jersey governor". The Star-Ledger. Newark, New Jersey. Retrieved March 25, 2009.
  60. ^ Halbfinger, David M. (June 2, 2009). "Ex-Prosecutor Wins G.O.P. Primary in New Jersey". The New York Times. Retrieved June 3, 2009.
  61. ^ "Official General Election Results" (PDF). New Jersey Division of Elections. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 22, 2012. Retrieved November 1, 2012.
  62. ^ Delli Santi, Angela (November 26, 2012). "AP Sources: Chris Christie files to seek re-election". Yahoo! News. Associated Press. Retrieved November 3, 2013.
  63. ^ Mark Murray (November 26, 2012). "Christie files paperwork to run for re-election". NBC News. Retrieved December 1, 2012.
  64. ^ a b Martin, Jonathan. Christie's Re-election Engine Gets in Gear for a Bigger Race, The New York Times (August 17, 2013).
  65. ^ Chris Christie Will Spend $25 Million Of Taxpayer Money To Avoid Cory Booker', Business Insider, Brett LoGiurato, June 13, 2013. Retrieved January 4, 2014.
  66. ^ Fleisher, Lisa (January 19, 2010). "N.J. governor Chris Christie says 'change has arrived' during inauguration speech". The Star-Ledger.
  67. ^ "Christie: I won't live at Drumthwacket". The Trentonian. November 7, 2009.
  68. ^ Haberman, Maggie (June 29, 2015). "Brash Personality Seen as Chris Christie's Main Asset" – via NYTimes.com.
  69. ^ Dawsey, Josh. "Regrets? Chris Christie Has a Few". POLITICO Magazine.
  70. ^ Arco, Matt (January 7, 2018). "You'll miss me, Jersey! And with that, Chris Christie's just getting warmed up". nj.com.
  71. ^ Namiotka, Jim (February 8, 2012). "Is N.J. Gov. Chris Christie's tough guy act still authentic?". nj.com.
  72. ^ a b c d Heininger, Claire; Margolin, Josh (February 4, 2009). "Chris Christie promises change to a 'broken' state in campaign kickoff". The Star-Ledger. Retrieved July 14, 2009.
  73. ^ "Christie's Fact-Free Keynote", FactCheck.org, Annenberg Public Policy Center (August 29, 2012).
  74. ^ a b O'Neill, Erin. "Chris Christie says he hasn't raised taxes in New Jersey", PolitiFact.com and The Star-Ledger (August 23, 2012).
  75. ^ "NJ Gov Chris Christie plans to sign 2 percent tax cap into law". The Star-Ledger. July 13, 2010.
  76. ^ "Governor Christie Executive Order No. 14" (PDF). February 11, 2010. Retrieved February 14, 2010.
  77. ^ Livio, Susan K. (March 26, 2010). "N.J. Gov. Chris Christie's proposed budget eliminates Office of the Child Advocate". NJ.com. Retrieved November 19, 2020.
  78. ^ Renshaw, Jarrett (July 2, 2011). "Outrage boils over Christie's line-item veto cuts". The Star-Ledger. Newark, New Jersey. Retrieved July 3, 2011.
  79. ^ Hester, Sr., Tom (October 17, 2011). "Change in N.J. payroll tax deduction rate to save workers an average of $87 in 2012 " Archived March 20, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Newsroom. Retrieved February 20, 2014.
  80. ^ a b Stein, Jeff (May 23, 2018). "N.J. Democrats loved the idea of taxing the rich — until they actually could do it". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved May 24, 2018.
  81. ^ Kaske, Michelle; Young, Elise (September 10, 2014). "N.J. Rating Cut by S&P as Christie Gets Record Downgrade". Bloomberg L.P. Retrieved September 10, 2014.
  82. ^ Dopp, Terrence (April 16, 2015). "New Jersey Cut by Moody's as Christie Gets Ninth Debt Downgrade". Bloomberg L.P. Retrieved April 17, 2015.
  83. ^ Edwards, Chris (October 9, 2012). "Fiscal Policy Report Card on America's Governors 2012" (PDF). Cato Institute. Retrieved September 3, 2015.
  84. ^ Edwards, Chris (October 9, 2012). "Fiscal Policy Report Card on America's Governors: 2012". Cato Institute. Retrieved September 3, 2015.
  85. ^ Kaeding, Nicole; Edwards, Chris (October 2, 2014). "Fiscal Policy Report Card on America's Governors 2014" (PDF). Cato Institute. Retrieved September 3, 2015.
  86. ^ Kaeding, Nicole; Edwards, Chris (October 2, 2014). "Fiscal Policy Report Card on America's Governors 2014". Cato Institute. Retrieved September 3, 2015.
  87. ^ Heather Haddon (September 18, 2013). "Chris Christie Signs New Jersey Tax Incentives Bill". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved September 23, 2013.
  88. ^ Megerian, Chris (April 23, 2010). "N.J. police, firefighter unions sue to stop pension reform laws". The Star-Ledger. Retrieved March 5, 2011.
  89. ^ Garber, Phil (March 11, 2011). "Mount Olive Township Sergeant chides Christie: Officer says governor violated promise to keep 'sacred trust'". Retrieved May 24, 2014.
  90. ^ Fleisher, Lisa (September 14, 2010). "Gov. Christie proposes pension, benefits changes for public workers". The Star-Ledger. Retrieved March 5, 2011.
  91. ^ Mark Impomeni (June 22, 2011). "Christie wins on pension, health benefits reform". Human Events. Retrieved August 4, 2013.
  92. ^ Salvador Rizzo (June 28, 2013). "Christie signs bipartisan budget, but vetoes 8 Democratic bills". The Star-Ledger.
  93. ^ Symons, Michael (May 20, 2014). "Gov. Christie cuts N.J. pension payments". USA Today. The Asbury Park (N.J.) Press. Retrieved May 22, 2014.
  94. ^ Miller, Zeke (May 20, 2014). "Christie Cuts Pension Payments as Fiscal Record Shows Cracks". Times. Retrieved May 23, 2014.
  95. ^ "STATE CONTROL OF LOCAL SCHOOL DISTRICTS COMES UNDER FIRE IN THIRD DECADE". Retrieved September 9, 2017.
  96. ^ "Report to the Commissioner: Working Group on State Takeover". Retrieved September 9, 2017.
  97. ^ "N.J. governor announces takeover of Camden schools". Retrieved September 9, 2017.
  98. ^ "Scrap the "Newark Educational Success Board"–it will only impede local control". Retrieved September 9, 2017.
  99. ^ "Christie and Cami have stolen more than money from Newark". Retrieved September 9, 2017.
  100. ^ "The Newark board defies Cerf. Cerf (politely) defies the Newark board. Christie is still the "decider."". Retrieved September 9, 2017.
  101. ^ "Research Note: On Average, Are Children in Newark Doing Better?". November 15, 2015.
  102. ^ "Chris Christie's bold plan to remake public schools is running into trouble". Retrieved September 9, 2017.
  103. ^ Russakoff, Dale (May 12, 2014). "Schooled" – via www.newyorker.com.
  104. ^ Russakoff, Dale. "The Prize".
  105. ^ "How Fair is the "Fairness Formula" for New Jersey School Children & Taxpayers?". New Jersey Education Policy Forum. June 30, 2016. Retrieved December 8, 2018.
  106. ^ Calefati, Jessica (March 29, 2012). "Cerf defends Christie's proposed changes to school funding formula". NJ.com. Retrieved December 8, 2018.
  107. ^ Baker, Bruce (September 9, 2017). "Realty Check: Trends in School Finance". School Finance 101. Retrieved December 8, 2018.
  108. ^ Baker, Bruce (September 2012). "The Stealth Inequities of School Funding" (PDF). American Progress. Retrieved December 8, 2018.
  109. ^ Wiener, Robert (August 6, 2009). "Christie holds meeting with Orthodox leaders: Republican hopeful offers support for school funding plans". New Jersey Jewish News. Archived from the original on January 12, 2015. Retrieved May 24, 2014.
  110. ^ Rispoli, Michael (June 22, 2009). "GOP gov. candidate Chris Christie condemns N.J. public schools as Gov. Corzine heralds system". The Star-Ledger. Retrieved July 20, 2009.
  111. ^ Halbfinger, David M. (June 18, 2009). "Christie Aims at Democrats Unhappy With Poor Schools". The New York Times. Retrieved July 20, 2009.
  112. ^ Friedman, Matt (August 25, 2010). "Gov. Christie blames Washington bureaucracy for state's failed 'Race to the Top' application". The Star-Ledger. Retrieved July 5, 2011.
  113. ^ Katz, Matt (August 28, 2010). "Christie fires education chief Schundler after U.S. aid mistake". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved July 5, 2011.
  114. ^ "Christie Expands Number of Charter Schools in New Jersey". Fox News Channel. Associated Press. January 19, 2011.
  115. ^ Rachel Monahan (August 6, 2012). "New Jersey Gov Chris Christie gets tough on teacher tenure". Daily News. New York.
  116. ^ Leslie Brody (March 6, 2013). "Christie administration reveals details of teacher evaluation proposal". NorthJersey.com. Retrieved August 19, 2013.
  117. ^ Colvin, Jil. "Christie signs partnership with Mexico on higher education projects, won't discuss immigration". US News. Associated Press. Retrieved September 9, 2014.
  118. ^ Rispoli, Michael (April 28, 2009). "GOP candidate Chris Christie calls for cuts to N.J. Department of Environmental Protection". The Star-Ledger. Retrieved July 25, 2009.
  119. ^ "Energy as Industry". Chris Christie for Governor, Inc. Retrieved July 14, 2009.[permanent dead link]
  120. ^ Beym, Jessica (August 19, 2010). "Gov. Chris Christie at Paulsboro Marine Terminal to sign wind energy bill into law". South Jersey Times. Retrieved May 17, 2014.
  121. ^ "New Jersey Quits RGGI, Bans Coal Plants · Environmental Management & Sustainable Development News · Environmental Leader". environmentalleader.com. Archived from the original on February 7, 2015. Retrieved February 7, 2015.
  122. ^ "Gov. Christie announces N.J. pulling out of regional environmental initiative". May 26, 2011. Retrieved May 26, 2011.
  123. ^ Hutchins, Ryan (March 25, 2014). "Christie administration broke law in ignoring greenhouse gas rules, court says". The Star-Ledger. Retrieved May 28, 2014.
  124. ^ Johnson, Brent (May 27, 2014). "Christie administration seeks to repeal rules tied to greenhouse gas program". The Star-Ledger. Retrieved May 28, 2014.
  125. ^ a b Jim, Malewitz (September 24, 2012). "In New Jersey, Christie Vetoes Anti-Fracking Bill". Stateline. The Pew Charitable Trusts. Retrieved November 13, 2013.
  126. ^ a b Sullivan, S.P. (March 5, 2015). "State announces settlement in controversial Exxon Mobil pollution case". The Star-Ledger. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  127. ^ "N.J. judge approves controversial Christie, Exxon settlement" NJ.com, 8/25/15: http://www.nj.com/politics/index.ssf/2015/08/nj_judge_approves_controversial_christie_exxon_set.html
  128. ^ "N.J. lawmaker calls for resignation of state's acting attorney general amid Exxon controversy," NJ.com, 3/5/15: http://www.nj.com/politics/index.ssf/2015/03/lawmaker_calls_for_resignation_of_states_acting_at.html
  129. ^ "Exxon Settles $9 Billion Pollution Case in New Jersey for Far Less," The New York Times, 2/27/15: https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/28/nyregion/exxon-mobil-settles-with-new-jersey-over-environmental-damage.html
  130. ^ Sullivan, S.P. (March 16, 2015). "N.J. Senate condemns Christie's Exxon settlement". The Star-Ledger. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  131. ^ Ibid., NY Times, "New Jersey settles" (bad citation)
  132. ^ Weiser, Benjamin; Zernike, Kate (March 15, 2015). "Christie Administration Deal With Exxon Was Years in the Making". The New York Times. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  133. ^ Celock, John (May 31, 2012). "Chris Christie, Stung By New Jersey Supreme Court Nominee Defeat, Attacks Democratic Lawmakers". The Huffington Post. Retrieved April 10, 2014.
  134. ^ Love, David A. (January 14, 2014). "Ouster of a black judge is linked to Christie's Bridgegate". The Grio. Retrieved May 3, 2014.
  135. ^ Lu, Adrienne (May 4, 2010). "Christie acts to replace only black N.J. justice He nominated Anne M. Patterson to the high court". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved May 3, 2014.
  136. ^ Magyar (August 13, 2013). "Christie's Judicial Shuffle Escalates Supreme Curt Battle". NJ Spotlight. Retrieved April 11, 2014.
  137. ^ Burney, Melanie (January 5, 2014). "Christie plans to name DRPA head as judge". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved May 2, 2014.
  138. ^ Aron, Michael (December 26, 2013). "Supreme Court Still On Standoff Over Appointments". NJTV News. Retrieved August 9, 2014.
  139. ^ Rizzo, Salvador (April 11, 2014). "Reacting to Christie, NJ lawyers call for constitutional amendment to protect judges". The Star-Ledger. Retrieved August 11, 2014.
  140. ^ Portnoy, Jenna (January 28, 2013). "Christie vetoes minimum wage bill, Democrats vow to put measure on ballot". The Star-Ledger. Retrieved October 28, 2014.
  141. ^ Russ, Hilary (January 28, 2014). "Chris Christie Vetoes Minimum Wage Increase, Proposes Smaller One". The Huffington Post. Retrieved October 28, 2014.
  142. ^ Livio, Susan (November 5, 2013). "N.J. voters approve constitutional amendment raising minimum wage". The Jersey Journal. Retrieved October 28, 2014.
  143. ^ "Election 2013: New Jersey ballot question results". The Star-Ledger. November 5, 2013. Retrieved October 28, 2014.
  144. ^ "New Jersey Imposes Gender-Equality Notice Obligations on Employers". The National Law Review. Morgan, Lewis & Bockius. October 2, 2012. Retrieved December 5, 2012.
  145. ^ "SENATE, No. 1921". New Jersey Legislature. May 13, 2012. Retrieved November 30, 2014.
  146. ^ "\Chris Christie Vetoes NJ Pork Gestation Crate Ban". The Huffington Post. June 27, 2013.
  147. ^ Huffstuutter, P. J. (January 27, 2013). "New Jersey governor vetoes ban on gestation crate use". Reuters. Retrieved November 30, 2014.
  148. ^ "Animal Welfare Groups Urge N.J. Legislators to Support Override on Gestation Crate Bill". Humane Society of the United States. September 17, 2013. Retrieved December 6, 2014.
  149. ^ Portnoy, Jenna (November 11, 2013). "N.J. Senate to attempt to override Christie's veto on pig crates bill Gov. Chris Christie vetoed a bill in June that would have prohibited the farm practice of placing pregnant pigs in gestation cages". The Star-Ledger. Retrieved November 30, 2014.
  150. ^ "SENATE, No. 998". New Jersey Legislature. January 27, 2014. Retrieved November 30, 2014.
  151. ^ "S998 Sca (1R)". New Jersey Legislature. Retrieved November 30, 2014.
  152. ^ Arco, Matt (November 14, 2014). "Chris Christie tells Iowa voters he'll veto N.J. pig bill that's unpopular in presidential battleground state". The Star-Ledger. Retrieved December 6, 2014.
  153. ^ Brodesser-Akner, Claude (November 28, 2014). "Christie vetoes pig crate ban, accuses sponsors of partisan politicking". The Star-Ledger. Retrieved November 30, 2014.
  154. ^ Arco, Matt (December 2, 2014). "Lawmakers will try to override Chris Christie veto of N.J. pig bill as Iowa governor cheers it". The Star-Ledger. Retrieved December 6, 2014.
  155. ^ Massie, Christopher. "Christie: Rubio 'Wrong' To Propose Legalization Of Undocumented Immigrants", Buzzfeed News (December 19, 2015).
  156. ^ O'Connor, Julie (April 27, 2008). "Christie: Immigrants are not criminals". The Star-Ledger. Retrieved July 28, 2009.
  157. ^ Pizarro, Max (July 20, 2009). "Christie stands with Guadagno on first stop of LG tour". PolitickerNJ.com. Retrieved July 28, 2009.
  158. ^ Baxter, Christopher (December 20, 2013). "Chris Christie signs bill granting in-state tuition to N.J. immigrants". The Star-Ledger. Retrieved April 1, 2014.
  159. ^ Reeve, Elspeth (February 26, 2013). "Chris Christie Is Becoming Democrats' Favorite Republican". The Atlantic. Retrieved July 16, 2018.
  160. ^ "NJ governor Chris Christie signs ban on gay conversion therapy". The Mercury News. August 19, 2013. Retrieved July 16, 2018.
  161. ^ a b Bohrer, John R. (June 24, 2009). "Another Leading Republican's Values Go Missing". The Huffington Post. Retrieved July 14, 2009.
  162. ^ Kate Zernike (February 17, 2012). "Christie Vetoes Gay Marriage Bill". The New York Times. Retrieved March 30, 2014.
  163. ^ "N.J. Gov. Christie vetoes gay marriage bill as vowed". USA Today. Associated Press. February 17, 2012. Retrieved February 17, 2012.
  164. ^ "NJ Supreme Court won't delay gay marriage". The Record. October 18, 2013. Retrieved October 22, 2013.
  165. ^ "Christie drops appeal of gay marriage ruling". The Washington Post. October 21, 2013. Retrieved October 22, 2013.
  166. ^ Koenig, Bryan (October 21, 2013). "Christie drops challenge to same-sex marriages". CNN. Retrieved October 21, 2013.
  167. ^ Young, Elise; Sherman, Stacy (August 19, 2013). "Christie Says Gayness Inborn as He Signs Therapy Measure". Bloomberg. Retrieved May 28, 2014.
  168. ^ "Chris Christie to sign New Jersey ban on gay conversion therapy". Politico. Retrieved August 19, 2013.
  169. ^ Mulshine, Paul (June 12, 2014). "Gay-conversion case could hurt Chris Christie's standing in GOP: Mulshine". The Star-Ledger. Retrieved June 12, 2014.
  170. ^ TARA KING, ED.D., individually and on behalf of her patients, RONALD NEWMAN, PH.D., individually and on behalf of his patients, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR RESEARCH AND THERAPY OF HOMOSEXUALITY (NARTH), and AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CHRISTIAN COUNSELORS (AACC), (Plaintiffs/Appellants) v. CHRISTOPHER J. CHRISTIE, Governor of the State of New Jersey, in his official capacity, ERIC T. KANEFSKY, Director of the New Jersey Department of Law and Public Safety: Division of Consumer Affairs, in his official capacity, MILAGROS COLLAZO, Executive Director of the New Jersey Board of Marriage and Family Therapy Examiners, in her official capacity, J. MICHAEL WALKER, Executive Director of the New Jersey Board of Psychological Examiners, in his official capacity; and PAUL JORDAN, President of the New Jersey State Board of Medical Examiners, in his official capacity (Defendants/Appellees) and GARDEN STATE EQUALITY (Interevor/Appellee), CASE NO. 13-4429 (UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT DISTRICT OF NEW JERSEY TRENTON DIVISION January 10, 2014).
  171. ^ Johnatan, Stempel (September 11, 2014). "New Jersey ban on 'gay conversion therapy' is upheld". Reuters. Retrieved September 13, 2014.
  172. ^ Bob Ingle; Michael Symons (June 5, 2012). Chris Christie: The Inside Story of His Rise to Power. p. 54. ISBN 978-1-250-03126-6.
  173. ^ Barbaro, Michael. "Chris Christie Faults Marco Rubio's Abortion Position, and Misrepresents It". First Draft. Retrieved July 16, 2018.
  174. ^ a b Killough, Ashley (August 13, 2014). "Christie touts conservative chops in Alabama". CNN. Retrieved August 13, 2014.
  175. ^ Chris Christie endorses 20-week abortion ban: 'I am proud to be a pro-life Republican' Sabrina Siddiqui, The Guardian, March 30, 2015.
  176. ^ Adam Howard. "Chris Christie has used birth control, not 'just the rhythm method'". MSNBC. Retrieved August 10, 2015.
  177. ^ Tanya Basu (August 4, 2015). "Chris Christie Says He Used Birth Control: 'Not Just the Rhythm Method'". Time. Retrieved August 10, 2015.
  178. ^ Eugene Scott, CNN (August 4, 2015). "Christie: Does using birth control make me a bad Catholic?". CNN. Retrieved August 10, 2015.
  179. ^ "Chris Christie: "I've used birth control, and not just the rhythm method"". CBS News. August 5, 2015. Retrieved August 10, 2015.
  180. ^ ftp://www.njleg.state.nj.us/20082009/PL09/307_.HTM
  181. ^ Nurin, Tara (January 21, 2014). "NJ'S MEDICINAL MARIJUANA PROGRAM FINALLY MOVING FORWARD". NJ Spotlight. Retrieved May 5, 2014.
  182. ^ Johnson, Brent (April 9, 2014). "Chris Christie says he opposes bill to legalize marijuana in NJ". The Star-Ledger. Retrieved May 6, 2014.
  183. ^ Johnson, Brent (April 14, 2014). "Christie: Not even 'casual' marijuana use is OK". The Star-Ledger. Retrieved May 6, 2014.
  184. ^ Wood, Robert. "Chris Christie Says Marijuana Taxes Are Blood Money. Is He Right?". Forbes. Retrieved March 31, 2015.
  185. ^ Ferner, Matt (April 14, 2015). "Chris Christie: 'I Will Crack Down And Not Permit' Legal Marijuana As President". The Huffington Post. Retrieved April 15, 2015.
  186. ^ Camia, Catalina (February 2, 2015). "Christie urges government to find 'balance' on vaccines for kids". USA Today. Retrieved February 2, 2015.
  187. ^ Collinson, Stephen (February 3, 2015). "Chris Christie sidesteps vaccine science". CNN. Retrieved February 3, 2015.
  188. ^ Swaine, Jon (February 8, 2015). "Christie stays out of vaccine greeting card program embraced by 2016 rivals". The Guardian. Retrieved February 8, 2015.
  189. ^ Megerian, Chris (December 21, 2010). "Gun owner Brian Aitken is released from prison after Gov. Christie commutes sentence". The Star-Ledger. Retrieved May 24, 2014.
  190. ^ Portnoy, Jenna (July 23, 2012). "Gov. Christie says N.J. has enough gun laws, smacks down 'grandstanding'". The Star-Ledger. Retrieved May 24, 2014. 'I believe that each state should have the right to make firearms laws as they see fit,' Christie said during the campaign. 'I don't believe it's right for the federal government to get into the middle of this and decide firearms laws for the people of the state of New Jersey.'
  191. ^ Rizzo, Slavadpr (August 2, 2013). "N.J. handgun law heads to state's top court". The Star-Ledger. Retrieved May 24, 2014.
  192. ^ Rizzo, Salvador (January 2, 2014). "Christie voices support for N.J. handgun law, but sidesteps legal battles". The Star-Ledger. Retrieved May 24, 2014.
  193. ^ Perlman/, William (July 2, 2014). "Christie vetoes gun control bill to reduce size of ammunition magazines". The Star-Ledger. Retrieved June 28, 2014.
  194. ^ Friedman, Matt (July 3, 2014). "New gun bill scorecard: Track New Jersey's gun legislation". The Star-Ledger. Retrieved July 5, 2014.
  195. ^ "Christie vetoes gun bill supported by N.J. Republicans & Democrats". The Star-Ledger.
  196. ^ McGeehan, Patrick (October 22, 2015). "New Jersey Senate Overrides Christie's Veto of Gun Control Bill". The New York Times. Retrieved November 2, 2015.
  197. ^ NJ.com, NJ Advance Media for. "N.J. bans gun device used in Las Vegas shooting after Christie signs bill". NJ.com. Retrieved December 21, 2018.
  198. ^ Boburg, Shawn (March 30, 2014). "Christie's toll-money shuffle: Port Authority funds paying for repairs to state roads". The Record. Retrieved March 22, 2014.
  199. ^ Seidman, Amdres (April 14, 2014). "Christie: 'Fees,' fixes are not taxes. Adjustments the governor's budget proposes are similar to what he attacked Buono for in the 2013 campaign". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved May 8, 2014.
  200. ^ Isherwood, Daryl (May 7, 2014). "Christie administration proposes 23 fee increases with new budget". The Star-Ledger. Retrieved May 8, 2014.
  201. ^ Young, Elise (January 6, 2015). "Christie Endorses Tunnel Four Years After Killing Project". BloombergBusiness. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
  202. ^ Arco, Matt (October 2, 2014). "Looking back: Chris Christie's reasons for scrapping ARC tunnel". The Star-Ledger. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
  203. ^ Frassinelli, Mike (October 27, 2010). "Gov. Christie cancels ARC tunnel for second time". The Star-Ledger. Retrieved June 29, 2015.
  204. ^ Resnikoff, Ned (January 26, 2014). "Christie's other traffic jam". MSNBC. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
  205. ^ Rubinstein, Dana (October 3, 2014). "Christie's other transit scandal could be the big one". Capital New York. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
  206. ^ Doug Palmer; David Lawder. "Senate approves $60.4 billion Superstorm Sandy aid bill". Reuters.
  207. ^ "Chris Christie Calls 'Disgusting' Boehner's Decision to Yank Sandy Funds". ABC News. January 2, 2013. Retrieved October 8, 2013.
  208. ^ Firestone, David (January 16, 2013). "Sandy and the Hastert Rule". The New York Times. Retrieved October 8, 2013.
  209. ^ Steve Kornacki. "US attorney inquiry into Christie widens". MSNBC.
  210. ^ MSNBC, 2014 Sep 24, "Investigations Around Christie Administration Continue," http://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/investigations-around-christie-administration-continue
  211. ^ "Christie and Israel". The Record. Woodland Park, NJ. April 1, 2012. Retrieved April 2, 2012.
  212. ^ Haddon, Heather (April 1, 2012). "Christie Takes Trade Mission to Jerusalem". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved April 2, 2012.
  213. ^ Portnoy, Jenna (April 1, 2012). "Visit to Jerusalem puts Christie on world stage". The Star-Ledger. Retrieved April 2, 2012.
  214. ^ Portnoy, Jenna (April 4, 2012). "Gov. Christie: Israeli control is best for proper worship at holy sites". New Jersey On-Line. Retrieved April 7, 2012.
  215. ^ "Christie Takes Hawkish Line on Occupation". The Forward. Jewish Telegraphic Agency. April 17, 2012.
  216. ^ "Christie, family going to Israel, Jordan on trade mission". Asbury Park Press. March 29, 2012. Retrieved April 2, 2012.
  217. ^ "Christie's trip to Israel gets under way". Philadelphia, PA: WPVI-TV. Associated Press. April 2, 2012. Archived from the original on July 26, 2012. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
  218. ^ Reitmeyer, John (April 7, 2012). "Christie keeps a lower profile on Jordan trip". NorthJersey.com. Retrieved April 7, 2012.
  219. ^ Boburg, Shawn (January 8, 2014). "Christie stuck in a jam over GWB lane closings". The Record.
  220. ^ Delli Santi, Angela (January 10, 2014). "Bridget Anne Kelly, fired Christie aide, was on team from the start". The Christian Science Monitor.
  221. ^ Zernike, Kate (January 8, 2014). "Christie Faces Scandal on Traffic Jam Aides Ordered". The New York Times. Retrieved January 9, 2014.
  222. ^ a b Strunsky, Steve (January 13, 2014). "New subpoenas could go out today in GWB lane closure scandal probe". The Star-Ledger. Newark, NJ.
  223. ^ Dopp, Terrence; Voreacos, David & Jones, Tim (January 16, 2014). "Christie bridge jam inquiry to probe $1 billion projects". Bloomberg L.P.
  224. ^ Baxter, Christopher (March 11, 2014). "Updated: Timeline of Port Authority's George Washington Bridge controversy". The Star-Ledger. Newark, NJ. Retrieved January 29, 2014.
  225. ^ Strunsky, Steve (March 11, 2014). "Chris Christie bridge scandal: documents show Port Authority chairman blasting executive director". The Star-Ledger. Newark, NJ.
  226. ^ Walshe, Shushannah & Margolin, Josh (February 3, 2014). "Chris Christie Says He 'Unequivocally' Had No Knowledge of Lane Closure". ABC news. Retrieved March 21, 2014.
  227. ^ "UPDATE 6-NJ governor's internal investigation clears him in 'Bridgegate'". Reuters. March 27, 2014. Retrieved March 27, 2014.
  228. ^ Otis, Ginger Adams (September 18, 2014). "Justice Department finds no evidence NJ Gov. Chris Christie knew of Bridgegate closures in advance: report". Daily News. New York. Retrieved October 23, 2014.
  229. ^ Dienst, Jonathan; Valiquette, Joe; Williams, Pete (September 19, 2014). "After 9 Months, Federal Probe of GWB Closure Finds No Link to Christie, Federal Sources Say". NBC News (New York). Retrieved September 19, 2014.
  230. ^ "New Jersey Select Committee on Investigation Report: Interim Report to the New Jersey Legislature Regarding the September 2013 Closure of George Washington Bridge Access Lanes in Fort Lee, New Jersey". New Jersey Legislature. Retrieved December 8, 2014.
  231. ^ Strunsky, Steve (December 4, 2014). "Christie bridge scandal report cannot determine if governor was involved". The Star-Ledger. Retrieved December 5, 2014.
  232. ^ Seidman, Andrew. "Paul Fishman, U.S. attorney for New Jersey, offers no wider opinion on Bridgegate", The Philadelphia Inquirer (May 19, 2015).
  233. ^ "The fall and fall of Chris Christie". BBC News. September 22, 2016. Retrieved September 22, 2016.
  234. ^ "Bridgegate misconduct complaint against Christie: What happens next?". Retrieved July 4, 2017.
  235. ^ Rosenberg, Eli (October 13, 2016). "Misconduct Complaint Against Christie Has Merit, Judge Finds". Retrieved July 4, 2017 – via NYTimes.com.
  236. ^ "Bridgegate misconduct complaint against Christie can move forward". Retrieved July 4, 2017.
  237. ^ "Prosecutors will not pursue Bridgegate charges against New Jersey governor". Reuters. January 27, 2017. Retrieved January 28, 2017.
  238. ^ Woolsey, Anne; Almasy, Steve. "Chris Christie won't be charged in 'Bridgegate'". CNN. Retrieved January 28, 2017.
  239. ^ Joseph Ax (November 4, 2016), "Former Christie allies convicted in N.J. 'Bridgegate' trial", Reuters, retrieved November 4, 2016
  240. ^ Dominique Debucquoy-Dodley; Tom Kludt (November 4, 2016), Bridgegate case verdict: Former officials guilty on all counts, CNN, retrieved November 4, 2016
  241. ^ "2 former Christie aides get prison for bridge revenge plot". Archived from the original on March 29, 2017. Retrieved March 29, 2017.
  242. ^ "U.S. Supreme Court throws out Bridgegate convictions, 6 years after an epic traffic jam". Archived from the original on April 10, 2021. Retrieved April 10, 2021.
  243. ^ Mills, Andrew (July 3, 2017). "PHOTOS: Christie, family soak up sun on N.J. beach he closed to public". nj.com.
  244. ^ "'I'm Sorry They're Not the Governor.' Christie Defends Beach Trip". Time.
  245. ^ Sullivan, Sean (October 29, 2013). "How Superstorm Sandy became Chris Christie's defining moment". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 17, 2020.
  246. ^ Topaz, Jonathan (August 7, 2014). "Christie net approval lowest since '11". Politico. Retrieved November 17, 2020.
  247. ^ "Christie's approval rating at all-time low as Bridgegate trial begins". Retrieved July 4, 2017.
  248. ^ Arco, Matt (May 18, 2016). "N.J. voters sour on Christie, another poll shows". The Star-Ledger. Retrieved May 18, 2016.
  249. ^ Hanna, Maddie (June 6, 2016). "Christie's approval rating hits record low in another poll". Philadelphia Media Network (Digital), LLC. Retrieved May 18, 2016.
  250. ^ Christie Hits New Low In New Jersey, Quinnipiac University Poll Finds; Democrat Has 16-Point Lead In Governor's Race January 31, 2017.
  251. ^ "Chris Christie named least popular governor in the U.S.: poll". NY Daily News. Retrieved April 11, 2017.
  252. ^ Matt Friedman, Christie is now New Jersey's least popular governor ever, with 15 percent approval, Politico (June 14, 2017).
  253. ^ Ryan Hutchins, Christie on 15 percent approval rating: 'I don't care', Politico (June 20, 2017).
  254. ^ Perez, Andrew (May 25, 2018). "Chris Christie blocks release of his office's emails with Jared Kushner's company". Fast Company. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
  255. ^ Bowden, John (May 25, 2018). "Christie blocks release of correspondence with Kushner Companies". TheHill. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
  256. ^ Bzdek, Vincent (November 21, 2013). "Christie takes reins of Republican Governors Association". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 2, 2014.
  257. ^ "Could strong fundraising be Chris Christie's road to redemption?". CBS News. April 30, 2014. Retrieved May 2, 2014.
  258. ^ Conroy, Scott (April 30, 2014). "Could strong fundraising be Chris Christie's road to redemption?". CBS News. Retrieved May 6, 2014.
  259. ^ "Elections 2014: Chris Christie takes a victory lap". POLITICO.
  260. ^ DeFalco, Beth (September 30, 2011). "AP Sources: Christie Soon to Decide on Primary Run". ABC News. Associated Press. Archived from the original on February 8, 2016. Retrieved October 1, 2011.
  261. ^ Delamaide, Darrell (September 28, 2011), "The billionaire's choice: Christie for president", MarketWatch. Retrieved September 28, 2012.
  262. ^ "Update on the 2012 Republican Presidential Candidates" Archived October 3, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Charlie Rose. September 29, 2011. Interview with Republican consultant Matthew Dowd, Welch, and reporter Nia-Malika Henderson. Retrieved October 4, 2011.
  263. ^ "Kenneth Langone" Archived October 6, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, Charlie Rose, October 4, 2011. Retrieved October 6, 2011.
  264. ^ O'Brien, Michael (October 4, 2011). "Christie will not run for President". MSNBC. Retrieved October 4, 2011.
  265. ^ "A Timeline of Christie and the 2012 Decision", New York: WNBC. October 4, 2011. Retrieved October 4, 2011.
  266. ^ Memmott, Mark, "N.J. Gov. Christie Says No To Run For GOP Presidential Nomination". NPR. October 4, 2011. Retrieved October 4, 2011.
  267. ^ "Christie Endorses Romney Ahead of GOP Debate". Fox News Channel. October 11, 2011. Retrieved October 14, 2011.
  268. ^ "Obesity debate rages on talk of Christie White House bid". Reuters. October 2, 2011.
  269. ^ Stein, Jeannine (October 3, 2011). "The Obesity Society defends Chris Christie". Los Angeles Times.
  270. ^ Margolin, Josh; DeFalco, Beth (August 27, 2012). "Christie chose NJ over Mitt's VP role due to fears that they'd lose". New York Post. Retrieved August 27, 2012.
  271. ^ Sullivan, Sean; Rucker, Philip (October 31, 2013). "Obama's advisers considered replacing Biden with Clinton, according to book". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 1, 2013.
  272. ^ Friedman, Matt (October 31, 2013). "Book: Romney didn't pick Christie for veep partly due to background 'land mines'". The Star-Ledger. Retrieved May 2, 2014.
  273. ^ Shear, Michael D. (August 14, 2012). "Christie to Be G.O.P. Convention Keynote Speaker". The New York Times. Retrieved August 14, 2012.
  274. ^ Obama, Christie laud 'working relationship' on storm by David Jackson (USA Today, October 31, 2012).
  275. ^ The race resumes: Obama buoyed by Christie praise as Romney tempers attacks (National Post, November 1, 2012).
  276. ^ Horowitz, Jason (October 31, 2012). "Gov. Chris Christie, an Obama critic, praises the president amid N.J. storm damage". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 1, 2012.
  277. ^ Weiner, Rachel (November 6, 2012). "Chris Christie: I didn't snub Mitt Romney". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 1, 2012.
  278. ^ "The Chris Christie Backlash Machine Revs Into High Gear". The Atlantic. Retrieved March 3, 2013.
  279. ^ Brett LoGiurato (October 31, 2012). "Chris Christie, Obama Sandy Tour Causes Conservative Backlash". Business Insider. Retrieved March 3, 2013.
  280. ^ Henderson, Nia-Malika (January 2, 2013). "Christie, Republicans slam Boehner for delay on Hurricane Sandy relief measure". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 23, 2013.
  281. ^ Muskal, Michael (January 18, 2013). "Chris Christie rips NRA's anti-Obama ad; Rand Paul rips Christie". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved January 23, 2013.
  282. ^ Frumin, Aliyah (March 14, 2013). "CPAC Chair: Chris Christie 'didn't deserve' to be here". MSNBC. Retrieved July 27, 2013.
  283. ^ Colvin, Jill (January 25, 2015). "New Jersey's Christie launches political action committee". Yahoo! News. Associated Press. Retrieved January 25, 2015.
  284. ^ Miller, Zeke J. (January 26, 2015). "Chris Christie Launches PAC in Preparation for 2016 Presidential Run". Time. Retrieved January 26, 2015.
  285. ^ "Chris Christie Launches Campaign Website Three Days Before His Announcement". nationaljournal.com.
  286. ^ Chris Christie. "Chris Christie for President". chrischristie.com.
  287. ^ Desiderio, Adam (June 30, 2015). "Chris Christie Announces 2016 Presidential Campaign". ABC News. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  288. ^ Moody, Chris (June 30, 2015). "Chris Christie launches 2016 presidential bid from New Jersey". CNN. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  289. ^ "Chris Christie drops out of Republican race for President". NPR. February 10, 2016. Retrieved February 10, 2016.
  290. ^ Macneal, Caitlin. "What Chris Christie Said About Donald Trump BEFORE The Endorsement". Talking Points Memo. Retrieved March 2, 2016.
  291. ^ Haberman, Maggie (February 26, 2016). "Chris Christie Endorses Donald Trump". The New York Times. Retrieved February 26, 2016.
  292. ^ Berman, Russell (May 9, 2016). "Chris Christie Will Start Planning the Trump Administration". The Atlantic. Retrieved May 9, 2016.
  293. ^ Burns, Alexander (June 30, 2016). "Chris Christie Becomes Powerful Figure in Donald Trump Campaign". The New York Times. Retrieved July 3, 2016.
  294. ^ "Donald Trump's Vice President List Is Down to 3 Names". Fortune. Associated Press. Retrieved July 4, 2017.
  295. ^ O'Donnell, Kelly (July 12, 2016). "Team Trump Plans Public Event Friday With VP Pick". NBC News. Retrieved July 12, 2016.
  296. ^ Burns, Alexander; Haberman, Maggie; Kaplan, Thomas (July 15, 2016). "Donald Trump Selects Mike Pence, Indiana Governor, as Running Mate". The New York Times. Retrieved July 15, 2016.
  297. ^ Bergen, Peter. (2019). Trump and his generals: the cost of chaos. New York:Penguin Press. ISBN 9780525522416. p. 46.
  298. ^ "Christie: Bridgegate's 'a factor' why I'm not Trump's VP". Retrieved July 4, 2017.
  299. ^ "Trump sticks by Christie amid new Bridgegate claim, report says". Retrieved July 4, 2017.
  300. ^ Marans, Daniel (October 11, 2016). "Chris Christie: Leaked Trump Comments Not 'Immaterial' In Deciding Whether To Vote For Him". The Huffington Post. Retrieved October 18, 2016.
  301. ^ a b David Smith (November 11, 2016), "Chris Christie dropped as head of Trump's White House transition team", The Guardian, retrieved November 12, 2016
  302. ^ a b Michael D. Shear; Michael S. Schmidt; Maggie Habermann (November 11, 2016), "Vice President-Elect Pence to Take Over Trump Transition Effort", The New York Times, retrieved November 12, 2016
  303. ^ Robert Costa; Philip Rucker; Elise Viebeck (November 11, 2016), "Pence replaces Christie as leader of Trump transition effort", The Washington Post, retrieved November 12, 2016
  304. ^ Damian Paletta; Carol E. Lee (November 15, 2016), "Intelligence Expert Mike Rogers Leaves Trump Transition Team Amid Shake-up - Former House Intelligence Committee Chairman seen as Chris Christie ally; Ben Carson turns down cabinet post", The Wall Street Journal, retrieved November 15, 2016
  305. ^ Ken Dilanian; Alexandra Jaffe (November 15, 2016), "Trump Transition Shake-Up Part of 'Stalinesque Purge' of Christie Loyalists", NBC News, retrieved November 15, 2016
  306. ^ Jennifer Jacobs (November 15, 2016), "Ex-Intelligence Chairman Rogers Leaves Trump Transition Team", Bloomberg Politics, retrieved November 15, 2016
  307. ^ "Christie in contention for energy, homeland security secretary posts, source says". November 2016. Retrieved July 4, 2017.
  308. ^ "Christie on possible Trump job: 'I'm completing my term'". Retrieved July 4, 2017.
  309. ^ "Christie turned down several jobs in Trump administration, sources say". Retrieved July 4, 2017.
  310. ^ https://graphics.axios.com/docs/white-house-vetting-docs/Chris%20Christie%20Backgrounder.pdf#_ga=2.77755030.325351028.1561386548-1651235829.1510789278
  311. ^ Arco, Matt (June 25, 2019). "So what worried Trump team about Christie? Well, Bridgegate. Guns and Kushner. And even his driving record ..." nj.com.
  312. ^ Cummings, William (October 2, 2020). "'No one was wearing masks' during debate prep, Chris Christie says after president contracts coronavirus". USA Today. Retrieved October 9, 2020.
  313. ^ Newburger, Emma (October 3, 2020). "Chris Christie tests positive for coronavirus, checks into hospital as precautionary measure". CNBC. Retrieved October 9, 2020.
  314. ^ "Former NJ Governor Chris Christie Released From Hospital After Positive COVID Test". CBS News. October 10, 2020. Retrieved October 11, 2020.
  315. ^ Jen Christensen, Christie will advise Trump panel on opioid addiction, CNN (March 29, 2017).
  316. ^ Katelyn Newman, Opioid Commission Holds First Meeting, U.S. News & World Report (June 16, 2017).
  317. ^ "Governor Commits Extra $200M to Anti-Addiction Programs - NJ Spotlight". www.njspotlight.com. Retrieved May 20, 2019.
  318. ^ "Kellyanne Conway chosen to lead Trump's opioid efforts". Washington Examiner. November 30, 2017. Retrieved December 21, 2018.
  319. ^ "Questions linger about funding for Christie Reach NJ ads, with marketing set to expand". North Jersey. Retrieved May 20, 2019.
  320. ^ Gregory, Phil. "Future Of 'Reach NJ' Ads Uncertain". www.wbgo.org. Retrieved May 20, 2019.
  321. ^ https://www.werecover.com/about-us leadership team
  322. ^ a b "Governor Chris Christie Joins WeRecover to Bring Innovation to America's Opioid Crisis". Yahoo Finance. May 16, 2019. Retrieved May 19, 2019.
  323. ^ "Source: Chris Christie to join ABC News as contributor". Politico. Retrieved January 30, 2018.
  324. ^ "Entertainment Index". ABC News. Retrieved December 21, 2018.
  325. ^ Jeremy Diamond; Sarah Westwood; Jim Acosta. "Trump considering Christie, Bondi, Acosta for attorney general". CNN. Retrieved November 9, 2018.
  326. ^ Matt Arco; Brent Johnson; Brent Johnson. "Christie tells Trump he doesn't want chief of staff job". nj.com. Retrieved December 21, 2018.
  327. ^ Arco, Matt; Jonathan D. Salant (December 15, 2018). "5 reasons why Trump wanted Christie to be chief of staff, and 5 reasons why Christie was wise to say no". NJ.com. Retrieved December 21, 2018.
  328. ^ Garner, Dwight (January 28, 2019). "Chris Christie's Memoir Praises Trump, but Says, 'I Told You So'". Retrieved May 20, 2019 – via NYTimes.com.
  329. ^ Casey, Tim (February 25, 2019). "Former New Jersey Governor Chris Christie To Be Elected In Sports Betting Hall Of Fame". Forbes. Retrieved February 27, 2019.
  330. ^ Staff, NJ com (May 5, 2020). "Christie says U.S. should reopen despite warnings of jump in coronavirus deaths". nj.
  331. ^ "Former New Jersey Gov. Chris Christie joins Mets' board of directors". ESPN. March 19, 2021. Retrieved April 1, 2021.
  332. ^ "Transcript: Gov. Chris Christie's Convention Speech". NPR. Retrieved July 16, 2013.
  333. ^ "Meet the Spouses of the 2016 Presidential Contenders", by Alex Laughlin. National Journal, April 13, 2015.
  334. ^ Margolin, Josh (January 3, 2010). "Mary Pat Christie readies for role as state's first lady". The Star-Ledger. Retrieved October 2, 2011.
  335. ^ "Governor Christie". State of New Jersey. Retrieved February 8, 2012.
  336. ^ Rogers, Alison (January 20, 2012). "Anybody Home? Governor's Mansions Around the U.S. Sit Empty: New Jersey". Time. Retrieved February 8, 2012.
  337. ^ "Profile: Christopher J. Christie", The New York Times (June 3, 2009).
  338. ^ Hudson, John. "Chris Christie Finally Wins Bruce Springsteen's Affection", The Atlantic Wire (November 1, 2012).
  339. ^ Patra, Kevin (June 19, 2013). "Chris Christie: Dallas Cowboys my favorite NFL team". National Football League. Retrieved September 4, 2014.
  340. ^ Robinson, Eugene (September 29, 2011). "Chris Christie's big problem". The Washington Post.
  341. ^ Palmeri, Tara; DeFalco, Beth (May 7, 2013). "Christie reveals secret stomach surgery to lose weight". New York Post. Archived from the original on June 2, 2013. Retrieved May 7, 2013.
  342. ^ Stracqualursi, Veronica (October 3, 2020). "Chris Christie tests positive for Covid-19". CNN. Retrieved October 3, 2020.
  343. ^ "Chris Christie checks into hospital as a precaution after positive Covid-19 test". CNN. October 3, 2020. Retrieved October 3, 2020.
  344. ^ Stracqualursi, Veronica (October 10, 2020). "Chris Christie released from hospital after Covid-19 treatment". CNN. Retrieved November 17, 2020.

  • Ingle, Bob and Symons, Michael. Chris Christie: The Inside Story of His Rise to Power. Macmillan, 2012. ISBN 1-250-00586-8.
  • Manzo, Louis Michael. Ruthless Ambition: The Rise and Fall of Chris Christie. Trine Day, 2014. ISBN 1-937584-89-5.
  • Matt Katz. American Governor: Chris Christie's Bridge to Redemption.
  • Chris Christie (September 27, 2011). Real American Exceptionalism (Speech). Simi Valley, California.

  • Official 2016 Presidential Campaign website (last updated February 11, 2016)
  • Chris Christie at Curlie
  • Appearances on C-SPAN
Legal offices
Preceded by
Robert J. Cleary 		United States Attorney for the District of New Jersey
2002–2008 		Succeeded by
Ralph Marra
Party political offices
Preceded by
Douglas Forrester 		Republican nominee for Governor of New Jersey
2009, 2013 		Succeeded by
Kim Guadagno
Preceded by
Rudy Giuliani 		Keynote Speaker of the Republican National Convention
2012 		Succeeded by
Joni Ernst
Preceded by
Bobby Jindal 		Chair of the Republican Governors Association
2013–2014 		Succeeded by
Bill Haslam
Political offices
Preceded by
Jon Corzine 		Governor of New Jersey
2010–2018 		Succeeded by
Phil Murphy