This is a good article. Click here for more information.
De Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre
Saltar a navegación Saltar a búsqueda

Esbjerg
Esbjerg harbour (8563661696).jpg
Coat of arms of Esbjerg
Escudo de armas
Aerial view of Esbjerg
Vista aérea de Esbjerg
Esbjerg is located in Region of Southern Denmark
Esbjerg
Esbjerg
Ubicación en Dinamarca
Esbjerg is located in Denmark
Esbjerg
Esbjerg
Esbjerg (Dinamarca)
Coordenadas: 55 ° 29′N 08 ° 27′E / 55.483°N 8.450°E / 55.483; 8.450 Coordenadas : 55 ° 29′N 08 ° 27′E  / 55.483°N 8.450°E / 55.483; 8.450
PaísDinamarca
RegiónDinamarca Meridional ( Syddanmark )
MunicipioEsbjerg
Establecido1868
Carta de la ciudad1899
Municipio actual1 de enero de 2007
Gobierno
 • AlcaldeJesper Frost Rasmussen
Área
 • Urbano43,6 km 2 (16,8 millas cuadradas)
Elevación11 m (36 pies)
Población (1 de enero de 2021)
 •  Urbano72,044
 • Densidad urbana1,700 / km 2 (4,300 / millas cuadradas)
 • Municipal115,748
Demonym (s)Esbjergenser
Zona horariaUTC + 1 ( CET )
 • Verano ( DST )UTC + 2 ( CEST )
Código Postal
6700-6715
Código (s) de área(+45) 7
Sitio webwww.esbjerg.dk

Esbjerg ( UK : / ɛ s b j ɜr ɡ / , [1] de Estados Unidos : / ɛ s b j ɛər ( ɡ ) / , [2] [3] danés:  [esˌpjɛɐ̯ˀ] , dialecto West Jutish :  [ɛspʲæa̯] ) es una ciudad portuaria y sede del municipio de Esbjerg en la costa oeste de la península de Jutlandia en el suroeste de Dinamarca . Por carretera, se encuentra a 71 kilómetros (44 millas) al oeste deKolding y 164 kilómetros (102 millas) al suroeste de Aarhus . Con una población urbana de 72 044 (1 de enero de 2021) [4] , es la quinta ciudad más grande de Dinamarca y la más grande de Jutlandia occidental.

Before a decision was made to establish a harbour (now the second largest in Denmark) at Esbjerg in 1868, the area consisted of only a few farms. Esbjerg developed quickly with the population rising to 13,000 by 1901 and 70,000 by 1970. In addition to its fishing and shipping activities, it also became an important centre for agricultural exports. Over the years, many of the city's visitors have arrived by ferry from Harwich, Essex, England, but this service closed in September 2014 having run since 1875. The harbour facilities are being expanded to answer the needs of the wind-turbine industry and container shipping traffic. Esbjerg is served by Esbjerg Airport with flights to Aberdeen , Escocia y Stavanger , Noruega.

La ciudad tiene varios museos y lugares de entretenimiento notables, incluido el Museo de Arte de Esbjerg , el Museo de Esbjerg y el Museo Marítimo y Pesquero de propiedad privada . El Centro de Artes Escénicas de Esbjerg se completó en 1997 con diseños de Jan y Jørn Utzon . Cuando se acerca por mar, el hombre se encuentra con el mar es uno de los monumentos destacados, que consta de cuatro hombres de color blanco de 9 metros de altura (27 pies), con vistas a la playa de Sædding . La escultura fue diseñada por Svend Wiig Hansen e instalada en 1995. Alberga ramas de la Universidad del Sur de Dinamarca y la Universidad de Aalborg.Esbjerg es cada vez más reconocida por sus instalaciones universitarias y actividades deportivas. Es el hogar del club de fútbol danés Esbjerg fB , que juega sus partidos en casa en el Blue Water Arena , y también tiene una división de hockey sobre hielo llamada Esbjerg Elite Ishockey , que juega en el Granly Hockey Arena .

Historia y economía [ editar ]

Esbjerg's oldest existing house, on the corner of Kongensgade, was built around 1660.[5] The town itself was not established until 1868 when it was built as a replacement for the harbour in Altona,[6] which had previously been Denmark's most important North Sea port but came under German control after the Second Schleswig War in 1864. At the time, Esbjerg consisted of only a few farms. Developed under royal decree from 1868 until 1874,[7] the harbour was officially opened in 1874, with rail connections to Varde and to Fredericia, an important hub on the east coast of Jutland. La planificación inicial de la ciudad fue realizada por el topógrafo colegiado H. Wilkens en 1870 con calles trazadas en forma de cuadrícula rectangular. La plaza del mercado ( Torvet ) se colocó en el centro, a medio camino entre el puerto y la estación de tren. [8] De sólo 400 habitantes a principios de la década de 1870, la ciudad y su población crecieron rápidamente, [5] [9] con 1529 residentes mencionados en 1880 y 4211 en 1890. [7]

Esbjerg en mayo de 1945

En 1893, Esbjerg se convirtió en municipio por derecho propio (inicialmente conocido como Esbjerg Ladeplads), recibió el estatus y los privilegios de una ciudad comercial en 1899 e incorporó la parroquia de Jerne (al este del centro) en 1945. Varias instituciones y Pronto se establecieron las instalaciones, incluido el palacio de justicia y el ayuntamiento (1891), la planta de gas y agua (1896) y la central eléctrica (1907). [10] From the beginning of the 20th century, Esbjerg prospered not only as a fishing port but became one of the country's major export centres. Established in 1895 by nine local dairies, the butter-packaging factory, Dansk Andels Smørpakkeri, employed some 150 workers until 1920, packing and dispatching butter for the London market. It was later extended to include egg marketing under the name Dansk Andels Ægeksport. Ultimately, it handled produce from 140 dairies spread across the whole of Jutland.[11] After the Second World War, la ciudad desarrolló varias industrias agrícolas, especialmente procesamiento y envasado de carne con una planta que emplea a más de 300. El matadero y la instalación de envasado de carne, Esbjerg Andels-Slagteri, establecido en 1887, se convirtió en el sexto más grande de Dinamarca en 1962. Más tarde se convirtió en parte de Vestjyske Slagterier en 1986, y en 2001, fue adquirida por Danish Crown . [12] [13]

Izquierda: Compras en Esbjerg. Derecha: Fiordo Skandi en el muelle de Esbjerg

Una vez que fue el principal puerto pesquero de Dinamarca, el puerto de Esbjerg sigue siendo una fuerza impulsora de la economía de la ciudad. Si bien tiene una larga historia de servicios de ferry a Inglaterra, la ciudad no es de ninguna manera un destino turístico. Lonely Planet comentó que "nadie viene a Esbjerg de vacaciones, de hecho, como ocurre con muchos puertos industriales, la mayoría de los visitantes se apresuran a pasar lo más rápido posible". [14] Esbjerg es la ciudad principal para las actividades petroleras y en alta mar de Dinamarca, con empresas como Maersk , Ramboll , Stimwell Services, ABB , Schlumberger , COWI y Atkins, todas con actividades relacionadas en alta mar en la ciudad. Halliburton has an office in Esbjerg.[15] The port has served the Danish offshore industry since oil and gas were first extracted from the North Sea in the early 1970s. More recently, it has become a centre for shipping offshore wind turbines. In addition to handling 65 percent of all Danish wind turbines, which supply 3 gigawatts (4,000,000 hp) of offshore wind power, components have been shipped to various British wind farms. In order to cope with enormous future increases in Danish offshore wind power, 12 companies, including DONG Energy and Bluewater Energy Services are already planning the establishment of a Green Offshore Centre in Esbjerg.[16]En relación con esto, en junio de 2013, el puerto se amplió significativamente con la apertura del Østhavn (East Harbour), cubriendo un área de 650,000 m 2 (7,000,000 pies cuadrados). [17]

Históricamente, además de su éxito como puerto pesquero, Esbjerg estableció su posición como uno de los principales centros de exportación del país. Antes de la Segunda Guerra Mundial , había una gran fábrica de mantequilla, Dansk Andels Smørpakkeri, que empleaba a unos 150 trabajadores, mientras que después de la guerra la ciudad desarrolló industrias agrícolas, especialmente para el procesamiento y envasado de carne con una planta que emplea a más de 300. [13] Últimamente propiedad de Danish Crown y 500 empleados, la planta cerró en mayo de 2012. [18]

Más recientemente, Esbjerg se ha convertido en un importante centro de educación con campus pertenecientes a la Universidad del Sur de Dinamarca (1998) y la Universidad de Aalborg (1995). [9] La ciudad celebra un festival de música anual que dura dos fines de semana (nueve días) a mediados de agosto. Se centra alrededor de la plaza central Torvet, que alberga el escenario principal. La música incluye de todo, desde conciertos en la iglesia hasta ópera y pop. [19]

Geografía [ editar ]

Vista de Esbjerg en la distancia

The town is situated on the southwestern coast of Denmark, and is a port on the North Sea. By road, it is 71 kilometres (44 mi) west of Kolding, 164 kilometres (102 mi) southwest of Aarhus, 298 kilometres (185 mi) west of Copenhagen and 274 kilometres (170 mi) southwest of Aalborg.[20] By sea, it is situated roughly 610 km (380 mi) northeast of Harwich, England. As a result of planned development, the older sections of the town look like a chessboard with long, wide streets with rectangular corners.[9]

Esbjerg
Esbjerg
Kolding
Kolding
Odense
Odense
Esbjerg se encuentra en la costa suroeste de Dinamarca en la bahía de Fanø, frente a la isla de Fanø en el Mar del Norte y al oeste de Kolding.

The high ground of Esbjerg stretches along the east coast of the Wadden Sea (now a UNESCO World Heritage Site)[21][22] between the rivers of Varde and Sneum, encompassing the coastal area of Ho Bugt and the seaside district of Hjerting to the north. Opposite Esbjerg, across Fanø Bay, is the island of Fanø, 16 by 5 km (10 by 3 mi), with Nordby as its principal settlement, connected to Esbjerg by ferry. To the west of Esbjerg, the town boundary is defined by a number of small streams. The highest point is some 25 m (82 ft) above sea level.[23]La ciudad está ubicada en lo alto de empinadas laderas que conducen a las llanuras de la zona del puerto. La zona edificada en sí no es muy accidentada, pero hay considerables diferencias de terreno. Aparte del acantilado en el parque de la ciudad que domina el puerto, el valle de Fourfelt Bæk, de 1,2 kilómetros (0,75 millas) de longitud, es la característica principal del paisaje, lo que resulta en diferencias de hasta 20 m (66 pies) con los alrededores. . [23]

Clima [ editar ]

Esbjerg experimenta un clima oceánico (Cfb en la clasificación de Köppen ; Do en la clasificación climática de Trewartha ) debido a su ubicación geográfica, al estar junto al Mar del Norte . Debido a la presencia de las corrientes marinas templadas del mar, la ciudad ve veranos cálidos e inviernos bastante suaves, moderando el clima en todas las estaciones para que sea suave. A diferencia de la parte oriental de Dinamarca (que consta de islas), la ciudad apenas ve influencias continentales en su clima.

Datos climáticos de Esbjerg ( Sædenstrand ) 2006-2020
MesenefebmarabrMayojunjulagosepoctnovdicAño
Registro alto ° C (° F)9,2
(48,6)		10,9
(51,6)		17,3
(63,1)		23,4
(74,1)		29,1
(84,4)		32,3
(90,1)		32,8
(91,0)		35,2
(95,4)		29,8
(85,6)		22,0
(71,6)		13,8
(56,8)		10,4
(50,7)		35,2
(95,4)
Promedio alto ° C (° F)3,5
(38,3)		3,4
(38,1)		6,2
(43,2)		11,3
(52,3)		15,3
(59,5)		18,2
(64,8)		20,6
(69,1)		20,5
(68,9)		17,0
(62,6)		12,8
(55,0)		8,6
(47,5)		5,0
(41,0)		11,9
(53,4)
Media diaria ° C (° F)1,7
(35,1)		1,4
(34,5)		3,8
(38,8)		7,9
(46,2)		11,3
(52,3)		14,4
(57,9)		17,2
(63,0)		16,7
(62,1)		13,9
(57,0)		10,2
(50,4)		6,6
(43,9)		3,4
(38,1)		9,0
(48,2)
Promedio bajo ° C (° F)−0,3
(31,5)		−0,9
(30,4)		1,4
(34,5)		4,8
(40,6)		7,8
(46,0)		11,2
(52,2)		14,2
(57,6)		13,7
(56,7)		10,9
(51,6)		7,6
(45,7)		4,4
(39,9)		1,3
(34,3)		6,4
(43,5)
Registro bajo ° C (° F)−16,6
(2,1)		−16,6
(2,1)		−13,0
(8,6)		−5,2
(22,6)		−1,0
(30,2)		2,7
(36,9)		5,6
(42,1)		4,0
(39,2)		0,0
(32,0)		−2,3
(27,9)		−12,0
(10,4)		−16,0
(3,2)		−16,6
(2,1)
Promedio de precipitación mm (pulgadas)60
(2,4)		41
(1,6)		48
(1,9)		40
(1,6)		47
(1,9)		55
(2,2)		60
(2,4)		72
(2,8)		82
(3,2)		94
(3,7)		88
(3,5)		72
(2,8)		759
(29,9)
Días de nieve promedio6,95.74.92.00.00.00.00.00.00,11.85.427,0
Fuente: Instituto Meteorológico Danés [24] [25]

Demografía y administración [ editar ]

As of 1 January 2019, Esbjerg has a population of 72,168,[26] making it the fifth-largest city in Denmark, and the largest in west Jutland. Until the harbour was developed in the 1860s, the area was sparsely inhabited with just a few farms. Thereafter, it grew rapidly: by 1880, there were some 1,500 inhabitants, rising to some 13,000 by 1901 when it was already larger than neighbouring Varde and Ribe. By the end of the 1950s, with almost 60,000 inhabitants, it had become Denmark's fifth-largest city. By 1970, Esbjerg had seen a fivefold increase in population since 1901, reaching some 70,000. After 1970, the increase in population slowed, reaching a maximum of 18,023 in 1998.[13][27]

Esbjerg Harbour from the watertower

A diferencia de las cuatro ciudades más grandes de Dinamarca (Copenhague, Aarhus, Aalborg y Odense ), donde hubo aumentos sustanciales de la población entre el primer trimestre de 2013 y el primer trimestre de 2014, el municipio de Esbjerg experimentó un aumento de solo 44 habitantes (de 115.051 a 115.095 ) durante el mismo período. [28] En mayo de 2014, Esbjerg se destacó como una de las 20 ciudades menos atractivas de Dinamarca para la compra de viviendas y el alquiler de apartamentos, cayendo al puesto 19, junto con Herning . [29]

El ayuntamiento de Esbjerg para el período de enero de 2014 a diciembre de 2017 consta de 31 miembros, 15 de los cuales son Venstre, Partido Liberal de Dinamarca y nueve, Socialdemócratas . El alcalde, también del Partido Liberal de Venstre, es Johnny Søtrup , que ha sido alcalde tanto del antiguo municipio en el período 1994-2006 como posteriormente del municipio ampliado desde principios de 2007. También hay ocho comités especiales que preparan el trabajo del consejo cubre las áreas de finanzas, mercado laboral, salud, infancia y familia, cultura y ocio, planificación y medio ambiente, servicios sociales y tecnología y suministro. [30] [31]

Alcaldes de Esbjerg desde 1898 [ editar ]

Alcaldes de Esbjerg desde 1898: [32]

  • 1898-1907: Jørgen Lyngbye
  • 1907-1921: Knud Holch
  • 1921-1925: AP Brandholt
  • 1925-1929: Niels Jørgen Jæger
  • 1929-1941: Morten Mortensen
  • 1941-1942: Rasmus Peder Nielsen Kock
  • 1942-1950: Laurits Høyer-Nielsen
  • 1950-1954: Hans Nissen
  • 1954-1958: Laurits Høyer-Nielsen
  • 1958-1959: Hans Nissen
  • 1959-1964: Laurits Høyer-Nielsen
  • 1964-1979: Henning Rasmussen
  • 1979-1989: Alfred Kristian Nielsen
  • 1990-1993: Flemming Bay-Jensen
  • 1994-2019: Johnny Søtrup
  • 2019–: Jesper Frost Rasmussen

Monumentos [ editar ]

La plaza principal de Esbjerg con el antiguo palacio de justicia (ahora utilizado por la oficina de turismo) y la estatua del rey Christian IX justo enfrente

El antiguo Palacio de Justicia en la plaza principal fue diseñado por Hans Christian Amberg y se completó en 1892 cuando la ciudad tenía solo 4.000 habitantes. El edificio de ladrillo rojo con frontones escalonados , ventanas de arco de medio punto y una torre que alcanza los 30 m (98 pies) de altura se asemeja a un castillo medieval. Después de un trabajo de renovación integral en 2010, ahora se utiliza como lugar de celebración de bodas y alberga la oficina de turismo. [33]

Man Meets the Sea (Mennesket ved Havet) is a monument of four 9-metre-tall (27 feet) white-coloured men located to the west of Esbjerg, overlooking Sædding Beach. One of the area's major tourist attractions, the sculpture was designed by Svend Wiig Hansen and installed on 28 October 1995. It was funded by the Esbjerg Municipality authorities, the Kunstfond arts foundation and private sponsors to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the municipality in 1994. The monument can be seen by ferry leaving or entering Esbjerg.[34]

Esbjerg Water Tower

La torre de agua de 1895 fue diseñada por Christian Hjerrild Clausen, quien se inspiró en la Nassauer Haus medieval de Nuremberg . De pie en lo alto de un acantilado, ofrece excelentes vistas de la ciudad y el puerto desde su plataforma abierta al público. [35] El imponente edificio del Palacio de Justicia en la plaza central con su torre alta y frontones escalonados ha sido recientemente renovado por completo. [36] Una estatua ecuestre de bronce de Christian IX , el fundador de Esbjerg, se encuentra en el centro de la plaza. [8]

The largest hotel in Esbjerg is Hotel Britannia.[37] Other hotels in the city center includes Cabinn and Hotel Ansgar in Skolegade. Danhostel Esbjerg in a former high school is located about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) to the northwest of the city along Gammel Vardevej near sports facilities. An equivalent distance North are hotel and conference facilities at ECH Park. Most of the restaurants in Esbjerg are to the east of Torvet.[38] Of particular note are Sand's Restaurant which serves Danish cuisine such as smørrebrød, meatballs, smoked eels and the fried beef patty pariserbof, and the Paddy Go Easy Irish pub near the main square.[38] Ubicado en un edificio protegido en la plaza principal, Dronning Louise sirve de todo, desde comidas completas hasta sándwiches y ocasionalmente ofrece música en vivo. [8] [39]

Iglesias [ editar ]

La primera iglesia que se construyó en Esbjerg fue la Iglesia de Nuestro Salvador de ladrillo rojo diseñada por Axel Møller, que se completó en 1887. En 1896, se amplió con transeptos y galerías a ambos lados de la nave, duplicando la capacidad de asientos. [40] Varias iglesias más se establecieron después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial cuando hubo un marcado aumento en la población de la ciudad. El primero de ellos, la Trinity Church de ladrillo amarillo con sus grandes vidrieras triangulares, fue diseñado para dar cabida a una gran congregación al tiempo que ofrece instalaciones adicionales para jóvenes y adultos. Rompiendo con la tradición, su nave de forma cuadrada se construyó directamente adyacente a los edificios auxiliares inferiores que incluyen una sala con escenario, salas de reuniones y una cocina. El campanario está solo, bastante separado de la iglesia. [41]

Iglesia de San Nicolás de Johan Otto von Spreckelsen

St Nikolaj es una iglesia católica romana, construida en 1969. Inusual para una iglesia, está construida de hormigón celular. Su innovador diseño de forma cuadrada de Johan Otto von Spreckelsen sirvió de base para su Grande Arche en París. [42] Las dimensiones del cubo interior de la Iglesia de San Nicolás son muy cercanas a las del "lugar santísimo" en el Templo de Salomón como se describe en Ezequiel 40: 5. [43]

La moderna iglesia de ladrillo rojo Grundtvig , al sureste del centro de la ciudad, fue diseñada por Ole Nielsen. Con su techo de tejas rojas de forma extraña, se completó en 1969. En el interior, las grandes superficies de las paredes están rotas solo por 12 ventanas estrechas en el lado este, creando un contraste con la habitación de la torre mucho más brillante que se abre al presbiterio con luz entrando por una ventana en lo alto del lado este de la torre. [44]

Diseñada por Inger y Johannes Exner , la Iglesia Sædden con pliegues ondulados en sus paredes de ladrillo rojo se inauguró en 1978. La luz del día que se centra en el altar se complementa con 803 bombillas eléctricas. [45] La iglesia Gjesing , un edificio de ladrillo rojo al norte del centro de la ciudad, se completó en 1983. Como muchas otras iglesias modernas de la zona, tiene un campanario independiente, así como un salón de la iglesia y salas de reuniones. [46] Otras iglesias incluyen la Iglesia de Sion y la Iglesia de Jerne.

También construida en un estilo similar a la arquitectura neogótica de las iglesias, la Casa de la Misión de Bethania frente a la Iglesia de nuestro Salvador fue terminada en 1906 por Clausen. [47]

Museos y teatros [ editar ]

Esbjerg Kunstmuseum

The municipality has a number of museums, libraries and music and drama venues. The Esbjerg Performing Arts Centre (Musikhuset Esbjerg) is a complex with two auditoriums. Its concert hall, with seating for over 1,100, can also be adapted for theatrical productions. Completed in 1997 to designs by Jan Utzon and his father, it hosts classical concerts, opera, family shows and drama productions.[48] Located in the City Park close to the harbour, it forms part of a complex which includes the Esbjerg Art Museum (Esbjerg Kunstmuseum) displaying works from artists including Asger Jorn.[14] The museum also regularly hosts temporary international exhibitions.[49]

The privately owned Fisheries and Maritime Museum, which opened in 1968, consists of a saltwater aquarium and a seal tank as well as indoor and outdoor exhibitions on Danish fisheries and shipping.[50][51] Esbjerg Museum in the city centre has permanent collections covering the history of the city and the surrounding region. It includes displays from the Iron Age and the Viking Period as well as a large exhibition of amber.[52][53] The Printing Museum traces the history of the art of printing from the beginning of the 20th century until it was replaced by modern technology. The collection includes a variety of machines and equipment used to print books and newspapers, mainly from Germany and Denmark.[54] The Lightship Museum (Museumsfyrskib) in the harbour is open to the public on board the Horns Rev lightship. Dating from 1912, the Horns Rev, also known as Motorfyrskibet Nr. I, is the world's oldest and best preserved motor lightship. It houses an impressive exhibition of life and work on board.[55]

Education and sport[edit]

Academy of Music and Dramatic Arts

Esbjerg is use to name a section in one of the prestigious Academy in asia which is MAAP and the ESBJERG 2020 is the best section of all time. Esbjerg is one of the towns hosting the University of Southern Denmark. It also houses a branch of Aalborg University and IT Academy West. The main branch of Profession School – University College West (Danish: Professionshøjskolen University College Vest) and the Esbjerg section of the Academy of Music and Dramatic Arts, housed in a former power station, are also located in the city.[56] The town is served by the Southwest Jutland Hospital (Sydvestjysk Sygehus) which also has a branch in Brande and treats over 42,000 patients annually, with over 500 beds and a staff of about 2,500 employees.[57]

Esbjerg is home to the Danish football club Esbjerg fB, established in 1924 and known as EfB for short. The club has won the Danish Championship five times, in 1961, 1962, 1963, 1965 and 1979. Esbjerg fB play their home matches at Blue Water Arena.[58] Esbjerg also has an ice hockey division called Esbjerg Elite Ishockey which plays at the Granly Hockey Arena.[59] Granly Hockey Arena was built in 1976 and has a seating capacity for 3417 people.[60] In 2011 the arena was the venue for the 2011 Capital One World Women's Curling Championship.[61]

Rugby in Esbjerg is represented by Esbjerg RK, who play at Guldager Idrætscenter. Esbjerg also has its own Speedway team, which were crowned Danish League Champions in 2012.[62]

Transport[edit]

Esbjerg Airport

The port town of Esbjerg is a large transport hub for both rail and road traffic, and an important port for Danish North Sea oil offshore activity. It is also served by Esbjerg Airport with flights to Aberdeen and Stavanger,[63] while the nearby Billund Airport offers additional travel options.[64]

Esbjerg Railway Station

Esbjerg Station is operated by Danish State Railways. The station is the western terminus of InterCity trains from Copenhagen (operating once an hour), with a journey time of about three hours. DSB also operates local trains to Fredericia. Arriva operates the Vestbanen with local trains travelling south to Ribe and Tønder and north to Struer.[65]

Ferry services connect Esbjerg via Ho Bugt to Nordby on the island of Fanø via Danske Færger.[66] From 1875 until 2014 a passenger service operated over the North Sea to the English port of Harwich via DFDS Seaways, formerly Scandinavian Seaways. The MS Winston Churchill began service between the two ports in 1967, and served until 1978 when it was transferred to the River Tyne to Gothenburg service. The crossings were discontinued at the end of September 2014 although a freight service is still available on the route from Esbjerg to Immingham.[67] DFDS cited "dwindling demand and high costs" as the chief reasons for the closure of the route.[68]

Esbjerg Harbour is the second largest harbour in Denmark (after Aarhus). It serves Maersk Drilling headquarters, and the regional commuter Esbjerg–Fanø–Esbjerg. For those arriving by pleasure craft, there is a marina along Pier No. 1 with 198 mooring places.[69] The 650,000 square metres (7,000,000 sq ft) Østhavn (“East Harbour”) opened in June 2013,[70] while construction of a new freight terminal in the Sydhavn section of the harbour is scheduled for 2014.[71]

Notable people[edit]

  • Hieronymus Georg Zeuthen (1839–1920), mathematician
  • Henry Dunker (1870–1962), Swedish businessman and industrialist
  • Harald Salling-Mortensen (1902–1967), architect
  • Else Christensen (1913–2005), proponent of modern Paganism and Heathenry in the USA
  • Camma Larsen-Ledet (1915–1991), politician, Mayor of Aabenraa 1970–1986
  • Poul Nyrup Rasmussen (born 1943), Prime Minister of Denmark 1993–2001
  • Birte Siim (born 1945), political scientist specializing in gender studies
  • Johnny Søtrup (born 1949), politician
  • Finn Nørbygaard (born 1952), actor, entertainer and musician
  • Lene Buhl-Mortensen (born 1956), Dano-Norwegian marine biologist
  • Søren Østergaard (born 1957), actor
  • Anne Lise Kjaer (born 1962), future narrator based in London
  • Gregers Brinch (born 1964), composer
  • Henrik Olesen (born 1967), artist
  • Sonja Richter (born 1974), actress
  • Michael Noer (born 1978), film director

Sport[edit]

  • Hvitfeldt Hansen (1890–1964), wrestler
  • Jens Petersen (1941–2012), football player and manager
  • Erik Gundersen (born 1959), motorcycle speedway rider
  • Michael Schjønberg (born 1967), football player and manager
  • Peter Skov-Jensen (born 1971), footballer
  • Allan Nielsen (born 1971), footballer
  • Karina Lauridsen (born 1976), Paralympic athlete
  • Martin Jensen (born 1978), footballer
  • Jerry Lucena (born 1980), Filipino football player and manager
  • Henning Bager (born 1981), motorcycle speedway rider
  • Niels Kristian Iversen (born 1982), motorcycle speedway rider
  • Søren Rieks (born 1987), footballer
  • Philip Larsen (born 1989), ice hockey player
  • Martin Braithwaite (born 1991), footballer
  • Stefan Nielsen (born 1994), British motorcycle speedway rider
  • Pernille Sørensen (born 1998), figure skater

Twin towns – sister cities[edit]

Esbjerg practices twinning on the municipal level. For the twin towns, see twin towns of Esbjerg Municipality.

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Esbjerg". Oxford Dictionaries UK Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
  2. ^ "Esbjerg". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Retrieved 3 June 2019.
  3. ^ "Esbjerg". Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins. Retrieved 3 June 2019.
  4. ^ BY3: Population 1. January by urban areas, area and population density The Mobile Statbank from Statistics Denmark
  5. ^ a b Scandinavia. Nagel. 1958.
  6. ^ Dansk litteraturs historie: 1870–1920. Gyldendal A/S. 2009. p. 14. ISBN 978-87-02-04184-2.
  7. ^ a b Chambers & Chambers 1897, p. 420.
  8. ^ a b c "Town walk in Esbjerg" (PDF). Visit Esbjerg. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 10 February 2014.
  9. ^ a b c "Esbjerg, Denmark". Danishnet.com. Retrieved 25 January 2014.
  10. ^ "Esbjerg". Den Store Danske (in Danish). Retrieved 25 January 2014.
  11. ^ "Erhvervsdrivende, deres ansatte og andre personligheder. Side 120: Dansk Andels Smøreksportforening" (in Danish). Danmarks ælste forretninger. Retrieved 5 June 2014.
  12. ^ "Esbjerg Andels-Slagteri" (in Danish). Slagtermuseet i Roskilde. Retrieved 5 June 2014.
  13. ^ a b c "Esbjerg: Byhistorie" (in Danish). Dansk Center for Byhistorie. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
  14. ^ a b Stone & Parnell 2009, p. 99.
  15. ^ "Office Location". Halliburton. Retrieved 13 January 2009.
  16. ^ Jan Aagaard. "An ocean of wind turbines - Green Offshore". Denmark.dk. Retrieved 11 February 2014.
  17. ^ "New Østhavn will boost Port of Esbjerg growth potential". Port of Esbjerg. 21 June 2013. Archived from the original on 12 February 2014. Retrieved 11 February 2014.
  18. ^ "Danish Crown closing in Esbjerg". Copenhagen Post. 11 May 2012. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
  19. ^ "Esbjerg Festuge 2014" (in Danish). Esbjerg Festuge. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
  20. ^ Google (29 January 2014). "Esbjerg" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 29 January 2014.
  21. ^ "Wadden Sea World Heritage Site". Waddensea World Heritage. Retrieved 29 April 2010.
  22. ^ "Six new sites inscribed on World Heritage List". UNESCO. Retrieved 23 June 2014.
  23. ^ a b "Jernbanen og Exnersgade i Esbjerg" (in Danish). Kultirstyrelsen. Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 5 February 2014.
  24. ^ "Observed Air Temperature, Humidity, Pressure, Cloud Cover and Weather in Denmark with Climatological Standard Normals, 1961–90" (PDF). Danish Meteorological Institute. Retrieved 20 November 2015.
  25. ^ "Observed Precipitation in Denmark, 1961–90" (PDF). Danish Meteorological Institute. Retrieved 20 November 2015.
  26. ^ "BEF44: Population 1st January, by urban areas" database from Statistics Denmark
  27. ^ "Esbjerg - Historiske Befolkningstal" (in Danish). Dansk Center for Byhistorie. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
  28. ^ "Fortsat voldsom urbanisering i Danmark" (in Danish). UrbanDanmark.dk. Archived from the original on 29 May 2014. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
  29. ^ "Danmarks mindst populære byer" (in Danish). UrbanDanmark.dk. 13 May 2014. Archived from the original on 29 May 2014. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
  30. ^ "The Municipality: A choice that offers many opportunities". Esbjerg Kommune. Archived from the original on 30 May 2014. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
  31. ^ "Byrådsmedlemmer" (in Danish). Esbjerg Kommune. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
  32. ^ "Esbjerg Byhistoriske Arkiv" (in Danish). Esbjerg Kommune. Retrieved 25 June 2014.
  33. ^ "Amberg's Courthouse in Esbjerg". Visit Esbjerg. Retrieved 29 January 2014.
  34. ^ "Man meets the sea - Esbjerg". Visit Esbjerg. Archived from the original on 1 February 2014. Retrieved 28 January 2014.
  35. ^ "Esbjerg Vandtårn" (in Danish). Esbjerg Museum. Archived from the original on 19 February 2014. Retrieved 27 January 2014.
  36. ^ "Amberg's Courthouse in Esbjerg". Visit Esbjerg. Retrieved 29 January 2014.
  37. ^ Symington, Bain & Bonetto 2013, p. 238.
  38. ^ a b Stone & Parnell 2009, p. 100.
  39. ^ "Torvet 19, bygning 1, Esbjerg" (in Danish). Kultur Styrelsen. Retrieved 10 February 2014.
  40. ^ "Kirkens historie" (in Danish). Vor Frelsers Kirke. Archived from the original on 25 December 2010. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  41. ^ "Ikke kun om søndagen - Treenighedskirken Esbjerg 1961–2011" (in Danish). Esbjerg Kommune. Retrieved 13 February 2014.
  42. ^ Sommer 2009, p. 448.
  43. ^ "Skt. Nikolaj Kirke" (in Danish). Sankt Nikolaj Kirke. Retrieved 5 February 2014.
  44. ^ "Grundtvigskirken" (in Danish). Historisk Atlas. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
  45. ^ "Sædden kirke" (in Danish). Nordens kirker. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
  46. ^ "Gesing Kirke (Ribe Amt, Esbjergs Kirker)" (PDF) (in Danish). National Museet. p. 1969-. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
  47. ^ "Town walk in Esbjerg" (PDF) (in Danish). Visit Esbjerg. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 10 February 2014.
  48. ^ "Musikhuset Esbjerg". Den Store Danske (in Danish). Retrieved 31 January 2014.
  49. ^ "Esbjerg Art Museum". Visit Denmark. Retrieved 29 January 2014.
  50. ^ "Fisheries and Maritime Museum - Esbjerg". Visit Denmark. Retrieved 26 January 2014.
  51. ^ "Status & Museets historie" (in Danish). Fiskeri- og Søfartsmuseet/Saltvandsakvariet. Retrieved 26 January 2014.
  52. ^ "Esbjerg". Den Store Danske (in Danish). Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  53. ^ "Esbjerg Museum" (in Danish). Visit Esbjerg. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  54. ^ "Følg bøgernes historie ved Bogtryksmuseet i Esbjerg" (in Danish). Bramming Guide. Retrieved 7 February 2014.
  55. ^ "Esbjerg - Things to See and Do (Part 1)". Danishnet.com. Retrieved 12 February 2014.
  56. ^ "Konservatoriet i Esbjerg" (in Danish). Syddansk Musikkonservatorium og Skuespiller skole. Archived from the original on 21 February 2014. Retrieved 7 February 2014.
  57. ^ "Om Sygehuset". Sydvestjysk Sygehus. Retrieved 25 June 2014.
  58. ^ "Blue Water Arena" (in Danish). EfB. Archived from the original on 5 June 2014. Retrieved 25 June 2014.
  59. ^ "Esbjerg Energy" (in Danish). Esbjerg Elite Ishockey. Retrieved 29 January 2014.
  60. ^ "Granly Hockey Arena". Eurohockey.com. Retrieved 25 June 2014.
  61. ^ "2011 Capital One Women's Curling Championship". Sportsister. Retrieved 26 June 2014.
  62. ^ "Speedway: Esbjerg danske mestre efter nervepirrende Superfinale" (in Danish). dmusport. Retrieved 26 June 2014.
  63. ^ "Flight Timetables". Esbjerg Airport. Archived from the original on 29 May 2014. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
  64. ^ "Departures". Billund Airport. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
  65. ^ "Esbjerg Railway Station". Raildude. Archived from the original on 29 May 2014. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
  66. ^ "Gasværket". AOK. Retrieved 4 January 2010.
  67. ^ "Harwich-Esbjerg Ferry Route to Close in September". World Maritime News. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
  68. ^ "Harwich: DFDS to axe Esbjerg ferry route from September". Ipswich Star. 29 April 2014. Retrieved 26 June 2014.
  69. ^ "Esbjerg Søsport - lystbådehavn" (in Danish). Visit Esbjerg. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
  70. ^ "New Osthavn will boost Port of Esbjerg growth potential". Port Esbjerg. 20 June 2013. Archived from the original on 26 June 2014. Retrieved 26 June 2014.
  71. ^ "More good to go by rail in Esbjerg". Port Esbjerg. 4 February 2014. Archived from the original on 26 June 2014. Retrieved 26 June 2014.
Bibliography
  • Chambers, William; Chambers, Robert (1897). Chambers's encyclopædia. IV. London and Edinburgh: W. & R. Chambers Limited.
  • Sommer, Anne Louise (2009). Den danske arkitektur (in Danish). Gyldendal A/S. ISBN 978-87-02-05401-9.
  • Stone, Andrew; Parnell, Fran (2009). Scandinavian Europe. Lonely Planet. ISBN 978-1-74104-928-2.
  • Symington, Andy; Bain, Carolyn; Bonetto, Cristian; Ham, Anthony; Kaminski, Anna (2013). Lonely Planet Scandinavia. Lonely Planet Publications. ISBN 978-1-74321-799-3.

External links[edit]

  • Esbjerg travel guide from Wikivoyage
  • Website of Esbjerg
  • "Esbjerg" . Encyclopædia Britannica. 9 (11th ed.). 1911.