Ibrahim Abdel Ghafour El Orabi ( árabe : إبراهيم عبد الغفور العرابي , árabe: [ˈʔɪbrahiːm ʕæbdel ˈɣafuːɾ el ʕoɾæːbi] ); 20 de mayo de 1931-18 de septiembre de 2019) fue un teniente general del ejército egipcio y el decimotercer y exjefe de Estado Mayor de las Fuerzas Armadas de Egipto . Fue miembro del Movimiento de Oficiales Libres según lo definido por la revolución egipcia de 1952., lo que llevó a que el rey Farouk abdicara ante su hijo el rey Ahmed Fouad II, hasta que anunció el establecimiento de la República en 1953. Comenzó su carrera militar a finales de los años cuarenta y fue testigo de todas las guerras árabe-israelíes y de toda la volatilidad política que pasó. por Egipto desde la guerra árabe-israelí de 1948 hasta la guerra de Yom Kipur, donde fue uno de sus héroes. Anteriormente se desempeñó como el Séptimo Jefe de Operaciones de las Fuerzas Armadas . Antes de eso, se desempeñó como comandante del Segundo Ejército de Campaña , como comandante de la 21a División Blindada , como Comandante de las Fuerzas Árabes en Irak y como comandante del Cuerpo Blindado Egipcio desplegado en la Guerra Civil de Yemen del Norte . Como jefe de estado mayor de las Fuerzas Armadas de Egipto, Orabi fue anteriormente el segundo oficial militar de más alto rango en todas las Fuerzas Armadas de Egipto . Orabi asumió su anterior asignación el 16 de julio de 1983. Mejor conocido por su severa disciplina y rigor. [1]
Ibrahim El Orabi | |
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Nombre de nacimiento | Ibrahim Abdel Ghafour El Orabi |
Apodo (s) | "El Fareeq El Orabi" |
Nació | El-Gharbeyya , Egipto | 20 de mayo de 1931
Fallecido | 18 de septiembre de 2019 Al-Qahira , Egipto | (88 años)
Lealtad | Reino de Egipto Egipto |
Servicio / sucursal | Ejercito egipcio |
Años de servicio | 1950-1987 |
Rango | teniente general |
Comandos retenidos | Jefe del Estado Mayor Jefe de Operaciones de las Fuerzas Armadas Comandante del Segundo Ejército de Campaña Comandante de la 21 División Blindada Comandante de las Fuerzas Árabes en Irak Comandante del Cuerpo Blindado en la guerra de Yemen |
Batallas / guerras | |
Premios |
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Su nacimiento
Orabi nació en Gharbia en 1931 en el seno de una familia famosa.
Varios de los miembros de su familia son protagonistas. Es pariente de Ali Zaki El Orabi Pasha , Ministro de Conocimiento Público y Ministro de Transportes y Comunicaciones, y jefe del Parlamento de Egipto en el período (7 de mayo de 1942 - 19 de diciembre de 1944) y (17 de junio de 1950 - 10 de diciembre de 1952 ) durante el reinado del rey Farouk I de Egipto , y hermano de Nabil El Orabi, ex embajador de Egipto en la Federación de Rusia, y pariente de Mohamed Orabi , ex Ministro de Relaciones Exteriores de Egipto .
Sus intereses
Y allí durante su infancia comenzaron a aparecer sus inclinaciones militares cuando ve junto a sus amigos convoyes del ejército británico que vienen de Alejandría acercándose a su aldea por caminos agrícolas para escapar de la Fuerza Aérea Alemana y que durante el período del inicio de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. a finales de los años treinta, en esta coyuntura histórica formó su carácter esto derivó en su deseo de ingresar a la Academia Militar Egipcia y ya ha logrado su deseo. Para esto siempre estuvo en posiciones avanzadas en la universidad y luego se graduó en 1950 y fue al entrenamiento del cuerpo blindado para especializarse como Oficial de Blindados.
Educación
Fue uno de los hijos de su familia que recibió educación formal antes de que Egipto conociera la educación gratuita, recibió una Licenciatura en Ciencias Militares de la Academia Militar Egipcia en 1950, una Maestría en Ciencias de la Academia Militar MV Frunze en Moscú y una Maestría en Ciencias de el Colegio de Comandantes y Estado Mayor Militar, Doctorado en Ciencias Militares de la Academia Militar Nasser , Miembro de la Escuela Superior de Guerra.
Los inicios de su carrera
Inició su servicio en el Cuerpo de Caballería Egipcio y aprendió de la mano de grandes líderes y en este período comenzó la formación del Movimiento de Oficiales Libres y estuvo con él en el cuerpo de Oficiales Libres Abdel Fattah Ali Ahmed (Descanse en Paz) y fue Presente también Hussein El-Shafei pero no habló con ellos en política y a través de Tharwat Okasha se unió a los Oficiales Libres y participó en la Revolución Egipcia de 1952 .
Su participación en la revolución del 23 de julio de 1952
La noche del 23 de julio fue la fecha de la mudanza acordada a las doce en punto en el sitio del instituto técnico militar ubicado ahora en Abbasid y le dijo a Hussein Shafei: Ve ahora a controlar el cruce frente al comando general del ejército. No han pasado ni dos minutos hasta que llegó El-Damanhori y les dijo: Estén atentos a que Heshmat Bek entró en el Cuerpo de Blindados. Era general de brigada, el comandante de la brigada blindada y se caracterizaba por un carácter fuerte y lo amaban y respetaban mucho porque estaba entre oficiales educados y este hombre si hubiera podido ingresar al Cuerpo lo hubiera echado todo a perder. . Hussein Shafei dijo: Sal y cógelo. Se llevó consigo el poder que constaba de dos carruajes y una camioneta donde los soldados y dos blindados. Mientras se acercaba a la puerta donde el camino era demasiado estrecho no acomodaba el paso de dos autos, se paró el auto de Heshmat Bek y se bajó de él y él estaba vestido de civil y se acercó a él y le dijo: Si está permitido, Afendim no ingrese al cuerpo y lo conocía por lo que le preguntó: ¿Qué es este Orabi? Le dijo que tiene órdenes. En ese momento llegaron Hussein Shafei y Tharwat Okasha quien portaba una ametralladora sin caja fuerte. El general de brigada Heshmat lo miró y dijo: y tú también Tharwat y lo llevaste con ellos y él fue a la intersección de la carretera y la controló. El decimotercer batallón se ha trasladado desde Almaza donde comenzó el enfrentamiento, que transcurrió frente al Comando durante diez minutos, que fue realizado por Youssef Seddik. Los comandos permiten a los oficiales desde el rango de teniente coronel para abajo y arrestar a los oficiales desde el rango de coronel a más alto.
Crisis del Cuerpo de Caballería, 1954
Después de la revolución, la situación ha evolucionado hacia la crisis general de la caballería en 1954. Fue uno de los opositores a la acción de anti-libertad y democracia perseguida por el Consejo del Mando Revolucionario por ello fue detenido en la cárcel de extranjeros en 1954 cuando se opuso a estas Medidas con un grupo de oficiales blindados de caballería. Lo importante es que le pasó el primer arresto y fue puesto en prisión de extranjeros en la Plaza de la Estación de Egipto por órdenes del presidente Gamal Abdel Nasser y eran más de veinte oficiales de caballería y luego de una semana en prisión los llevaron a investigación por Zakaria Mohieddin. quien no encontró nada en su contra, y salió de la cárcel fue al cuerpo y renunció y le dijo que fuera al general de división Ali Gamaleddin, quien era general de brigada en ese momento y era una figura muy respetable e intelectual educada, y era comandante de las fuerzas blindadas en ese momento y le dio su renuncia. Le preguntó: ¿Por qué? Le dijo: No me imagino que un oficial lo mantenga preso y lo coloque de guardia como a un delincuente, y luego pueda continuar en las fuerzas armadas. Sin embargo, lo devolvieron a las fuerzas armadas.
Su participación en la Guerra de 1956
In the Suez Crisis he did not have leading role because he was in the Alay Al Centurion (Centurion Tank Regiment) (Arabic: الآلاي السنتوريون), which was commanded by Lt. Col. Abdel Moneim Wassel at that time, a man of excellent skill although he was originally a cavalry but was first degree in armor tactic and was teaching tactic armor, and of course what happened in 1956 was a shock to all of them and their position was in west of Cairo and then moved to Suez Canal and entered the Sinai Peninsula and then returned to Cairo.
Misión de la Academia Militar MV Frunze en Moscú
Then, in the early 1956 he was a Major and they summoned him in the General Command and told him you are a candidate for the mission at M.V. Frunze Military Academy in Moscow. After returning from the mission the war in Yemen has begun.
Guerra Civil de Yemen del Norte
When he was in his unit and doing the process for 4 tanks to travel to Yemen Surprised by the signal coming from the phone through the battalion and that he must take a plane tomorrow to travel to Yemen because Field Marshal Abdel Hakim Amer requested him by name. In the next day he went to Almaza airport where he found a Russian Antonov An-124 Ruslan. He boarded and arrived in Yemen and found Marshal there and said to him: Number of tanks will start growing here so we want an armor officer in the Command to assume Multi tanks and was in these days major. In Yemen despite what is said about Yemen but opened their eyes to many things including: How the State of limited possibilities to manage a war on distance of several thousand miles in very strange land in the middle of very strange people. It is true that they were involved because they were ignorant of the nature of the theater there but the outcome of Yemen despite the drawbacks many have provided them with many positives in certain things. After a year in Yemen he asked the Field Marshal to go back to Egypt and said, things have become stable.
Nombrado para la oficina del mariscal de campo
When he returned, he went for an interview with Shams Badran in the Ministry of War and gave him a report on his mission in Iraq and asked him where he will work now said to him: will work with us in the Ministry of War and went to the ministry noted that there are signs of change, and news about the existence of corruption and talk about Ali Shafiq, Field Marshal's secretary and found that Tantawi was appointed as secretary of the Field Marshal instead of Ali Shafiq, and he and Salah Abdel Halim were appointed to the Field Marshal's Office and Ezzedine from Artillery was appointed as director of Field Marshal's Office, and then came the appointment of Shams Badran minister of defense, and their whole job was with him until the war in 1967.
Su participación en la guerra de 1967
The Six-Day War took place and he was briefing specific missions such as fighting recommendations and there was a crowd seen but internal problems in forces he did not see them because his mission was not more than two hours and then return directly as he was not going to inspect troops but informed the Field Marshal in those crowd days visit he was visiting the Melis Airport they portrayed him things are excellent or as we colloquially say made him the sea tahina. There was an error tackled him there was a given estimate about the occurrence of an attack by the Israelis from the valley in south named Thieves valley. He said to them, this could happen and told them that he is a reconnaissance officer and served in these areas and knows no way major forces can be attacked from there. They did not listen to his words and stood all against him and the result was that they stirred 14th Brigade from Arish to there and left the area opened without armored forces. The other mistake was when the decision was taken to close the Gulf of Aqaba where Abdel Moneim Khalil was responsible for paratroopers in Sharm El-Sheikh he went to him and said to him: read to me this decision and found him with incomprehensible details and told him: Do you understand something? He said to him: Not. He said to him: And I also do not understand. He said: Now I want to understand shall I close the strait or not? There was a lack of understanding and messing up and it happened what happened. He also states that he was in the first day of the war in a plane with the Prime Minister of Iraq and they were going to pass on the front and Hussein El Shafei was in another plane and the plane was hit from attacking Israeli aircraft over Fayed base and made an emergency landing and called the command from Fayed airport and told them that the airport was hit and they said to him bring pilot with you and come to Cairo so he took some pilots and returned to Cairo. In the General Command he found a concert without an organizer no one understands something and conflicting in information and the decisions. He went to Field Marshal and said: Hey, if allowed Afendim I am a fighter officer and I would love to go to fight and said to him: Do you want this? He said to him: Yes. He said to him: There is a parachutes battalion take it to Aljfjafah to defend it. This was a speech on 5 June night in dawn arrived to the parachutes battalion and took her and went to Ismailia and there told them awaited in place under the trees until he goes to the headquarters of the Eastern Command to see what the real situation is and in the command they said to him Aljfjafah fell into the hands of the Israelis forces and all forces came back from Sinai. He asked them where to go and they said: Go and explore the position because communications are conflicting so he took the road to El-Qantarah el-Sharqiyya and met in the way Ibrahim El Rifai God's mercy and he knew the situation and when he returned the Israelis were in his back and when he arrived at Ismailia they told him take order from Eastern Command and there was Abdul Mohsen Mortagy, Mohamed Fawzi and Salah Mohsen. He said to them that there is with him a parachutes battalion. They said to him: Defended Fardan sector. It was Friday morning and told him catch Fardan point until the point of Ismailia own coasts and went to. There was in that time a ceasefire he found Coast Guard booth and had a phone in it and was connected to all the commanders in Ismailia and then found the parachutes officer coming to tell him: Oh Afendim Israelis are inspecting Fardan bridge and there is a boat they are unloading for water and it seems they are going to cross the channel. He said to him shoot although there are a cease-fire. There was with them rocket-propelled grenade (often abbreviated RPG) and four shots and smote and sank the boat. There did not pass few minutes until all Israeli troops in the Eastern Bank hitthem and contacted him a major general of the Eastern Command and told him why Orabi clash? There is a cease-fire and said to him that he does not take orders from the radio and Jews are inspecting the bridge and crossing is very possible, how to wait? He said to him stop shooting, he said to him: The Israelis are the ones who shoot now and have been under fire from morning till night and next day they told him we will reorganize forces come and to return to Cairo and he returned to Cairo.
Segundo arresto
Upon their return they met Field Marshal Amer Secretary Colonel Tantawi and told them just go to take your orders from Gen. Mohamed Fawzi (general) because Field Marshal Amer resigned and went to Mohamed Fawzi in headquarters in Nasr City and said to them, you will be working with me and they stayed at Mohammed Fawzi doing nothing. In one day, attended them, Major General Mustafa El-Gamal and accompanied them to the military academy, where they think they will be appointed in combat positions and they went and they were surprised that he had been arrested in the military academy. This has affected himself very much. They have been arrested for nine months without any accusation as they learned they were arrested because they are Shams Badran class. In one day he told his colleagues that he would send telegraph for the president and already sent telegraphs for the president and passed several days and did not receive response until a fellow came who was working at Moscow procurement office and was knowing our ambassador in Moscow Mohammed Murad Ghaleb as well as Sami Sharaf and the president. They asked him to speak with the president about them and the result was a big joke when they knew later when he told President Nasser about them he amusingly said: Are they still prisoners!! He asked Sami Sharaf to drive them out, but Sami Sharaf did not drive them out on the contrary to the president's orders and after his release from detention he worked as a contractor with one of his relatives.
De vuelta al frente
One day came to him an official call. He went to the officers affairs and met with Major General Saad Salim who said to him, there are instructions for him to return to the service. He said to him, sorry, and while speaking with him entered the office Major General Abdel-Moneim Khalil who had served with him in Yemen and whom he knew. He asked him what are you doing here? He said to him: They sent him and they want him to return to the army and he refused. He said to him, wait for me until I pray 'Asr (afternoon). He then returned and said to him, I'll tell you a story then you can make your decision and then said: We were in a meeting with President Anwar Sadat and we were talking about tanks and he asked us: "Where is Orabi?" We told him Orabi on pension. He said: Orabi to be back to the Army. When Major General Abdel-Moneim Khalil told him this dialogue, he was influenced by the words of President Sadat. He said to Major General Saad Salim: Yes I will return to service.
He went to the Second Army (Egypt) in end 1968, and there he was distributed on training branch where there was Russian experts who said that this officer has studied at us, understand us and must work with us in the second field army operantions. He kept with them for a period on the exercises of transit. Then he was promoted to assume the position of vice president of operations division of the second army field and then suddenly has been hired the leader of the 21st Armored Division, and began to equip for the war and then came the war and took part in it.
Su participación en la guerra en octubre de 1973
The 21st Armored Division, which he was leading was working as a strategic reserve for the second field army as one of the main forces on the development axis of middle road. Indeed, the 21st Armored Division led by Brigadier General Ibrahim El Orabi at that time crossed the channel and developed the attack in the east Sinai. The offensive began on 14 October and indeed, the division fulfills its duties but faced a desperate Israeli defense. It was clear that Israel has benefited from American reconnaissance sorties over the front and supported the troops with supplies and new weapons that the U.S. and its impact appeared evident in the battlefield. Israeli forces were waiting for the 21st Armored Division and took place on the land of Sinai battles with tanks, Israeli and international references said it was one of the largest battles in the armor history.
Numerosas visitas del presidente Anwar Sadat a Ismaïlia
In July 1980, Orabi received his most prestigious command as the commander of the Second Army (Egypt). As commander of the Second Field Army, he participated in several meetings of President Anwar Sadat during his numerous visits to the city of Ismaïlia, Second Field Army headquarters.
Mejora asociada con el accidente de avión del mariscal Ahmed Badawi
He then returned to the operations authority after the incident of Field Marshal Ahmed Badawi plane crash, where he was appointed chief of operations of the armed forces in 1981, and then assistant minister of defense in 1982.
Las circunstancias de su nombramiento en el cargo de jefe de gabinete.
Starting from 1983 that Mubarak had to work hard to reduce the influence of Field Marshal Abd al-Halim Abu Ghazala within the army. Therefore, in the autumn of 1983 he did extensive changes in the army without consulting Abu Ghazala and relieved a large number of officers loyal to him personally in the major and influential centers in order to send a signal to everyone who has been doubted his authority over the army.
And here came the conflict between Mubarak and Abu Ghazala about choosing the chief of staff. Abu Ghazala has resisted Mubarak's attempts to choose the chief of staff against his whim and succeeded in doing so, but did not succeed to come to the position of one of his loyalists. The first chief of staff of the Mubarak era was the Lieutenant General Abd Rab el-Nabi Hafez, who was popular, but he was dismissed because of the rumors surrounding him.
Mubarak has appointed Lieutenant General Ibrahim El-Orabi in the position of chief of staff and although "Orabi" was a friend of Abu Ghazala, but he was not loyal to him in addition to the military doctrine, unlike Abu Ghazala belong to the Soviets.
Vida personal
General Orabi is married to his family relative sweetheart, Leila. They have three children: Khadija, Khaled, and Tarek. The sons have served in the Egyptian General Intelligence. Tarek remains on active duty. Ibrahim and Leila have nine grandchildren.
Educación militar
- 1950 Bachelor of Military Science degree, Egyptian Military Academy, Heliopolis, Cairo
- 1961 Master of Military Art and Science degree, M.V. Frunze Military Academy, Moscow, Soviet Union
- 1972 Ph.D. of Military Science, Joint Command and Staff College, Cairo, Egypt
- 1977 Fellowship of the Higher War College, Nasser's Military Sciences Academy, Egypt
Fechas de rango
Rank | Date |
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Lieutenant | 1950 |
First lieutenant | |
Captain | |
Major | |
Lieutenant Colonel | |
Colonel | Never held |
Brigadier General | |
Major General | 1977 |
Lieutenant General | 1983 |
Carrera profesional
In 1950, Orabi began his service in the Armored Corps, then he joined the Free Officers Movement and participated in the Egyptian Revolution of 1952.
From 1963 to 1967, Orabi served as Commander of the Arab Forces in Iraq and Commander of the Armored Corps in Yemen war and then was appointed to the Field Marshal's Office.
In end 1968, Orabi was distributed on training branch, then he was promoted to assume the position of vice president of operations of the Second Field Army, and then suddenly he was appointed commander of the 21st Armored Division.
From 1977 to 1981, Orabi was promoted to the rank of major general and was appointed assistant commander of the second field army. He next served in the Second Field Army, where he was assigned to chief of staff, and then as commander of the Second Field Army.
On 4 March 1981, General Orabi was nominated by President Anwar Sadat to serve as chief of operations of the Armed Forces. He was next appointed assistant minister of defense in 1982.
President Hosni Mubarak nominated Orabi to be the Chief of the General Staff on 16 July 1983, and was promoted to the rank of lieutenant general. He has been confirmed by the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces. He took over from Army General Abd Rab El Naby Hafez on 16 July 1983. He serves with Gen. Salah Abd El Halim, former commander of the Second Field Army, who has become the next chief of operations of the Armed Forces.
In 1987, Orabi became chairman of the Arab Organization for Industrialization (AOI) until 1995, when he retired.
Participaciones militares
- Suez Crisis
- North Yemen Civil War
- Six-Day War
- War of Attrition
- Yom Kippur War
Premios y condecoraciones
Orabi is the recipient of the following awards:
Referencias
- ^ الموسوعة، شخصيات عسكرية، إبراهيم العرابي أخبار مصر، ولوج في 4-7-2010 Archived 10 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine
enlaces externos
Military offices | ||
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Preceded by Abd Rab el-Nabi Hafez | Chief of the General Staff 1983–1987 | Succeeded by Safey el-Din Abu Shnav |