Este artículo enumera a los monarcas de Persia ( Irán ) desde el establecimiento del Imperio Mediano por los medos alrededor de 705 a. C. hasta la deposición de la dinastía Pahlavi en 1979.
Shah de Persia | |
---|---|
Detalles | |
Estilo | Shah Shahanshah |
Primer monarca |
|
Último monarca | Mohammad Reza Pahlavi 16 de diciembre de 1941-11 de febrero de 1979 (como Shah de Irán ) |
Formación | 678 a. C. |
Abolición | 11 de febrero de 1979 |
Residencia | Apadana Tachara Palacio de Darius Palacio de Ardashir Taq Kasra Ālī Qāpū Palacio Hasht Behesht Palacio Golestán Palacio Sa'dabad Palacio Niavaran |
Nombrador | Hereditario |
Pretendiente (s) | Reza Pahlavi (Príncipe heredero de la dinastía Pahlavi) Mohammad Hassan Mirza II (Príncipe heredero de la dinastía Qajar) |
Los primeros monarcas en el área del Irán actual se enumeran en:
Las dinastías menores y los monarcas vasallos se pueden encontrar en:
Imperio mediano (678-549 a. C.)
Retrato | Nombre | Relaciones familiares | Reinado | Notas |
---|---|---|---|---|
Reino mediano (678 a. C.-549 a. C.) | ||||
Deioces | 700–647 a. C. | Primer gobernante conocido de los medios | ||
Phraortes | Hijo de Deioces | 647–625 a. C. | ||
Dominio escita (624-597 a. C.) | ||||
Cyaxares | Hijo de Phraortes | 624–585 a. C. | La dinastía de los reyes medianos se conocía como dinastía Cyaxarid, nombrada en su honor o un rey anterior a Deicoes. [1] | |
Astiajes | Hijo de Cyaxares | 585–549 a. C. | Último rey de los medos |
Reino aqueménida (~ 705-559 a. C.)
Retrato | Nombre | Relaciones familiares | Reinado | Notas |
---|---|---|---|---|
Dinastía aqueménida (~ 705-559 a. C.) | ||||
Achaemenes | ~ 705 aC | Primer gobernante del reino aqueménida | ||
Teispes | Hijo de Achaemenes | ~ 640 AC | ||
Cyrus I | Hijo de Teispes | ~ 580 AC | ||
Cambises I | Hijo de Cyrus I y padre de Cyrus II | ~ 550 aC |
Imperio aqueménida (559–334 / 327 a. C.)
Retrato | Títulos | Nombre regnal | Nombre personal | Nacimiento | Relaciones familiares | Reinado | Muerte | Notas |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dinastía aqueménida (559–334 / 327 a. C.) | ||||||||
El Gran Rey, Rey de Reyes, Rey de Anshan, Rey de Media, Rey de Babilonia, Rey de Sumer y Acad, Rey de las Cuatro Esquinas del Mundo | Ciro el Grande | - | 600 a. C. | Hijo de Cambises I rey de Anshan y Mandana hija de Astiages | 559-530 a. C. | 530 a. C. | Rey de Anshan desde 559 A.C. Muerto en batalla con Masajes | |
El Gran Rey, Rey de Reyes, Faraón de Egipto ^ | Cambises II | - | ? | Hijo de Ciro el Grande | 530-522 a. C. | 521 a. C. | Murió mientras se dirigía a sofocar una rebelión. Título faraónico: Horus : Smatawy, Nswbty : Mesutire [2] | |
El Gran Rey, Rey de Reyes, Faraón de Egipto | Bardiya | Gaumata (?) | ? | Hijo de Ciro el Grande (posiblemente un impostor que dice ser Bardiya) | 522 a. C. | 522 a. C. | Asesinado por aristócratas persas | |
El Gran Rey, Rey de Reyes, Faraón de Egipto | Darío I | - | 550 a. C. | Hijo de Hystaspes | 522–486 a. C. | 486 a. C. | Título faraónico: Horus : Menkhib Nswbty : Stutre [3] | |
El Gran Rey, Rey de Reyes, Faraón de Egipto | Jerjes I | - | 519 a. C. | Hijo de Darío I | 485–465 a. C. | 465 a. C. | Lo más probable es que sea el rey Asuero del libro de Ester [4] | |
El Gran Rey, Rey de Reyes, Faraón de Egipto | Artajerjes I | Culos | ? | Hijo de Jerjes I | 465–424 a. C. | 424 a. C. | Algunos creen que es el rey Ahaseurus del libro de Ester. | |
El Gran Rey, Rey de Reyes, Faraón de Egipto | Jerjes II | Artajerjes | ? | Hijo de Artajerjes I | 424 a. C. | 424 a. C. | Solo reconocido en la propia Persia, asesinado por Sogdianus | |
El Gran Rey, Rey de Reyes, Faraón de Egipto | ? | Sogdianus | ? | Hijo de Artajerjes I | 424–423 a. C. | 423 a. C. | Solo reconocido en Persia y Elam, asesinado por Darío II | |
El Gran Rey, Rey de Reyes, Faraón de Egipto | Darío II | Ochus | ? | Hijo de Artajerjes I | 424–404 a. C. | 404 a. C. | ||
El gran rey, rey de reyes | Artajerjes II | Arsaces | Rey | Hijo de Darío II | 404–358 a. C. | 358 a. C. | ||
El Gran Rey, Rey de Reyes, Faraón de Egipto | Artajerjes III | Ochus | ? | Hijo de Artajerjes II | 358–338 a. C. | 338 a. C. | Delicado | |
El Gran Rey, Rey de Reyes, Faraón de Egipto | Artajerjes IV | Culos | ? | Hijo de Artajerjes III | 338-336 a. C. | 336 a. C. | Delicado | |
El Gran Rey, Rey de Reyes, Faraón de Egipto | Darío III | Artashata | 380 | Hijo de Arsames hijo de Ostanes hijo de Darío II | 336-330 a. C. | 330 a. C. | Asesinado por Artajerjes V | |
El gran rey, rey de reyes | Artajerjes V | Bessus | ? | Probablemente un descendiente de Artajerjes II | 330–329 a. C. | 329 a. C. | Asesinado por Alejandro III |
Nota: En general, se acepta que la antigua Persia terminó con el colapso de la dinastía aqueménida como resultado de las guerras de Alejandro Magno .
Imperio macedonio (336-306 a. C.)
Retrato | Título | Nombre | Nacimiento | Relaciones familiares | Reinado | Muerte | Notas |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dinastía Argead (336-306 a. C.) | |||||||
Rey | Alejandro el Grande | 356 a. C. | Hijo de Felipe II de Macedonia | 336–323 a. C. | 13 de junio de 323 a. C. | Rey de Macedonia desde 336 A.C. como Alejandro III | |
Rey | Felipe III | C. 359 a. C. | Hijo de Felipe II de Macedonia | Junio 323– 317 a. C. | 317 a. C. | Asesinado por Olimpia | |
Rey | Alejandro IV | Septiembre 323 a. C. | Hijo de Alejandro III | Septiembre del 323 al 309 a. C. | 309 a. C. | Rey de Macedonia como Alejandro IV hasta el 309 a. C. Asesinado por Cassander hijo de Antipater | |
Regente | Perdiccas | ? | Junio del 323 al 321 a. C. | 321 a. C. | Regente de Alejandro IV y Felipe III, Príncipe de Orestis | ||
Regente | Antipater | 398 a. C. | Hijo de Iollas | 321-319 a. C. | 319 a. C. | Regente de Alejandro IV y Felipe III | |
Regente | Polyperchon | 394 a. C. | Hijo de Simmias | 319-316 a. C. | 303 a. C. | Regente de Alejandro IV y Felipe III. No ejerció ningún poder real en Persia. | |
Regente | Casandro | C. 350 | Hijo de Antipater | 316-309 a. C. | 297 a. C. | Regente y asesino de Alejandro IV. No ejerció ningún poder real en Persia. |
Imperio seléucida (311-129 a. C.)
Retrato | Título | Nombre regnal | Nombre personal | Nacimiento | Relaciones familiares | Reinado | Muerte | Notas |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dinastía seléucida (311-129 a. C.) | ||||||||
Rey | Seleuco I Nicator | - | C. 358 a. C. | Hijo de Antíoco hijo de Seleuco | 311-281 a. C. | 281 a. C. | Título asumido de "Rey" desde el 306 a. C. | |
Rey | Antíoco I Soter | - | ? | Hijo de Seleuco I | 281-261 a. C. | 261 a. C. | Co-gobernante de 291 | |
Rey | Antíoco II Theos | - | 286 a. C. | Hijo de Antiochus I | 261–246 a. C. | 246 a. C. | ||
Rey | Seleuco II Callinicus | - | ? | Hijo de Antiochus II | 246-225 a. C. | 225 a. C. | ||
Rey | Seleucus III Ceraunus | Alejandro | C. 243 a. C. | Hijo de Seleuco II | 225-223 a. C. | 223 a. C. | ||
Gran Rey | Antíoco III el Grande | - | C. 241 a. C. | Hijo de Seleuco II | 223-187 a. C. | 187 a. C. | ||
Rey | Filopator Seleucus IV | - | ? | Hijo de Antiochus III | 187-175 a. C. | 175 a. C. | ||
Rey | Antíoco IV Epífanes | Mitrídates | C. 215 a. C. | Hijo de Antiochus III | 175-163 a. C. | 163 a. C. | Asesinado en Elymais | |
Rey | Antíoco V Eupator | - | C. 172 a. C. | Hijo de Antiochus IV | 163-161 a. C. | 161 a. C. | ||
Rey | Demetrio I Soter | - | 185 a. C. | Hijo de Seleuco IV | 161-150 a. C. | 150 a. C. | ||
Rey | Alejandro Balas | - | ? | Supuesto hijo de Antíoco IV | 150-146 a. C. | 146 a. C. | ||
Rey | Demetrio II Nicator | - | ? | Hijo de Demetrio I | 146-139 a. C. | 139 a. C. | Derrotado y capturado por partos. Se casó con Rhodogune, hija de Mitrídates I | |
Rey | Antíoco VI Dioniso | - | 148 a. C. | Hijo de Alejandro III. | 145-142 a. C. | 138 a. C. | En competencia con Demetrius II. | |
Rey | Antíoco VII Sidetes | - | ? | Hijo de Demetrio I | 139-129 a. C. | 129 a. C. | Muerto en batalla con Phraates II |
Fratarakas
Los Fratarakas parecen haber sido gobernadores del Imperio seléucida .
Nombre | Fecha | Moneda | Relaciones familiares | Nota | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Bagadates / Baydād ( bgdt ) | 3er siglo antes de Cristo | Dinastía Fratarakā - hijo de Baykard | Gobernador del Imperio seléucida . Moneda leyenda bgdt prtrk 'zy' lhy ' ("Baydād, fratarakā de los dioses") en arameo. | |
2 | Ardakhshir I ( rtḥštry ) | mediados del siglo III a.C. | Dinastía Fratarakā | Gobernador del Imperio seléucida | |
3 | Vahbarz ( whwbrz - llamado Oborzos en Polyenus 7.40) | mediados del siglo III a.C. | Dinastía Fratarakā | Gobernador del Imperio seléucida | |
4 | Vādfradād I ( wtprdt ) | 3er siglo antes de Cristo | Dinastía Fratarakā - hijo de Vahbarz | Gobernador del Imperio seléucida | |
5 | Vadfradad II | C. 140 a. C. | Dinastía Fratarakā | Gobernador del Imperio seléucida . Periodo de transicion. Emblema de águila en la parte superior de kyrbasia estilizada . Leyenda aramea de monedas wtprdt [p] rtrk 'zy' ly ' ("Vādfradād, frataraka de los dioses"). [5] | |
6 | 'Rey desconocido I' (Syknlt?) | Segunda mitad del siglo II a.C. | ? | Periodo de transicion. Sin inscripción en moneda. |
Reyes de Persis
Nombre | Fecha | Moneda | Relaciones familiares | Nota | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
7 | Darayan I | Siglo II a.C. (fin) | ? | Darev I y sus sucesores eran sub-reyes del Imperio parto . Emblema de la media luna en la parte superior de kyrbasia estilizada . Leyenda de la moneda aramea d'ryw mlk (𐡃𐡀𐡓𐡉𐡅 𐡌𐡋𐡊, "Rey Darío"). [5] | |
8 | Wadfradad III | Siglo I a.C. (primera mitad) | ? | Sub-rey del Imperio parto . Leyenda de la moneda wtprdt mlk (𐡅𐡕𐡐𐡓𐡃𐡕 𐡌𐡋𐡊, "Rey Vadfradad") en escritura aramea. | |
9 | Darev II | Siglo I a.C. | hijo de Vadfradad III | Sub-rey del Imperio parto . Leyenda aramea de la moneda d'ryw mlk brh wtprdt mlk ' ("Rey Darío, hijo del Rey Vadfradad"). | |
10 | Ardakhshir II | Siglo I a.C. (segunda mitad) | hijo de Darev II | Sub-rey del Imperio parto . Asesinado por su hermano Vahshir I | |
11 | Vahšīr / Vahshir I (Oxathres) | Siglo I a.C. (segunda mitad) | hijo de Darev II | Sub-rey del Imperio parto | |
12 | Pakor I | Siglo I d.C. (primera mitad) | hijo de Vahshir I | Sub-rey del Imperio parto | |
13 | Pakor II | Siglo I d.C. (primera mitad) | ? | Sub-rey del Imperio parto | |
14 | Nambed | Siglo I d.C. (mediados) | hijo de Ardashir II | Sub-rey del Imperio parto | |
15 | Napad | Siglo I d.C. (segunda mitad) | hijo de Nambed | Sub-rey del Imperio parto | |
dieciséis | 'Rey desconocido II' | Siglo I d.C. (fin) | ? | Sub-rey del Imperio parto | |
17 | Vadfradad IV | Siglo II d.C. (primera mitad) | ? | Sub-rey del Imperio parto | |
18 | Manchihr I | Siglo II d.C. (primera mitad) | ? | Sub-rey del Imperio parto | |
19 | Ardashir III | Siglo II d.C. (primera mitad) | hijo de Manchihr I | Sub-rey del Imperio parto | |
20 | Manchihr II | 2do siglo EC (mediados) | hijo de Ardashir III | Sub-rey del Imperio parto | |
21 | Rey incierto III / provisionalmente Pakor III [6] | Siglo II d.C. (segunda mitad) | ? | Sub-rey del Imperio parto | |
22 | Manchihr III | Siglo II d.C. (segunda mitad) | hijo de Manchihr II | Sub-rey del Imperio parto | |
23 | Ardashir IV | Siglo II d.C. (fin) | hijo de Manchihr III | Sub-rey del Imperio parto | |
24 | Vahshir II (Oxathres) | C. 206-210 CE | ? | Sub-rey del Imperio parto . El último de los Bazarangids . | |
25 | Shapur | Siglo III d.C. (p. Ej.) | Hermano del primer Sasánida, Ardashir I | Sub-rey del Imperio parto | |
26 | Ardashir V ( Ardashir I de la dinastía Sasánida ) | Siglo III d.C. (p. Ej.) | Primer gobernante sasánida, bajo el nombre de Ardashir I | Sub-rey del Imperio parto |
Imperio parto (247 a. C. - 228 d. C.)
La dinastía seléucida perdió gradualmente el control de Persia. En 253, la dinastía Arsacid se estableció en Partia . Los partos expandieron gradualmente su control, hasta que a mediados del siglo II a. C., los seléucidas habían perdido por completo el control de Persia. Antíoco VII perdió definitivamente el control de los territorios orientales en el año 129 a. C.
Para obtener listas más completas de reyes, reinas, sub-reyes y sub-reinas de esta Era, consulte:
- Lista de gobernantes de sub-reinos partos
Retrato | Título | Nombre regnal | Nombre personal | Nacimiento | Relaciones familiares | Reinado | Muerte | Notas |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dinastía Arsácida (247 a. C. - 228 d. C.) | ||||||||
Rey, Karen, Autocrator | Arsaces I | Tiridates I o Arsaces | ? | Hijo de Friapitas descendiente de Arsaces hijo de Friapatio que probablemente era hijo de Artajerjes II | 247-211 a. C. | 211 a. C. | ||
? | Arsaces II | Artabano I o Arsaces | ? | Hijo de Arsaces I | 211-185 aC [7] | 185 a. C. | ||
? | Arsaces III | Friapatio | ? | Nieto de Tiridates I | 185-170 aC [7] | 170 a. C. | ||
? | Arsaces IV | Fraates I | ? | Hijo de Friapatio | 170-167 aC [8] | 167 a. C. | ||
El Gran Rey, Theos, Theopator, Philhellene | Arsaces V | Mitrídates I | ? | Hijo de Friapatio | 167 [8] –132 AC [9] | 132 a. C. | ||
El Gran Rey, Philopator, Theopator, Nikephoros | Arsaces VI | Fraates II | ? | Hijo de Mitrídates I | 132-127 aC [9] | 127 a. C. | Muerto en batalla con los escitas | |
Rey | Arsaces VII | Artabano II | ? | Hijo de Friapatio | 127-126 aC [9] | 126 a. C. | Muerto en batalla con Tocharians | |
El gran rey, teópata, Filadelfo, Philhellene, Epiphanes | Arsaces VIII | Vologases (?) [9] | ? | Hijo de Friapatio | 126-122 aC [9] | 122 a. C. | Fue el primer rey arsácido de Media, Arran e Iberia | |
El Gran Rey, Rey de reyes, Epífanes, Philhellene | Arsaces IX | Artabano (?) [9] | ? | Hijo de Artabano II | 122-121 a. C. | 121 a. C. | Muerto en batalla con Medians | |
El Gran Rey, El Gran Rey de Reyes, Epífanes, Soter | Arsaces X | Mitrídates II | ? | Hijo de Artabano II | 121 [10] –91 a. C. | 91 a. C. | ||
El Gran Rey, Epiphanes, Philhellene, Euergetes, Autocrator | Arsaces XI | Gotarzes I | ? | Hijo de Mitrídates II | 91–87 a. C. | 87 a. C. | ||
El gran rey, teopador, nicator | Arsaces XII | Artabano (?) [8] | ? | Probablemente hijo de Arsaces VIII Vologases (?) | 91–77? antes de Cristo | 77? antes de Cristo | ||
El Gran Rey, El Gran Rey de Reyes, Dikaios, Euergetes, Philhellene, Autocrator, Philopator, Epiphanes | Arsaces XIII | Mitrídates [9] | ? | Probablemente hijo de Mitrídates II | 88–67 a. C. | 67 a. C. | ||
El Gran Rey, Euergetes, Epiphanes, Philhellene | Arsaces XIV | Orodes I | ? | Probablemente hijo de Mitrídates II | 80–75 a. C. | 75 a. C. | ||
El Gran Rey, Teopador, Euergetes, Epiphanes, Philhellene | Arsaces XV | Sanatruces | 157 a. C. | Probablemente hijo de Arsaces VIII Vologases (?) [8] | 77–70 a. C. | 70 aC | ||
El Gran Rey, Theopator, Euergetes, Epiphanes, Philhellene, Eusebes | Arsaces XVI [8] | Arsaces (?) O Vardanes (?) O Vonones (?) | ? | ? | 77–66 a. C. | 66 aC | El gran monarca más oscuro del primer milenio antes de Cristo. Actualmente no se sabe nada sobre él. | |
El Gran Rey, Theos, Euergetes, Epiphanes, Philhellene | Arsaces XVII | Fraates III | ? | Hijo de Sanatruces | 70–57 a. C. | 57 a. C. | Asesinado por Orodes II | |
El Gran Rey, Philopator, Euergetes, Epiphanes, Philhellene | Arsaces XVIII [8] | ? | ? | probablemente hijo de Arsaces XVI | 66–63 a. C. | 63 a. C. | El segundo monarca más oscuro del primer milenio antes de Cristo, no se sabe nada sobre él. | |
El Gran Rey, El Gran Rey de Reyes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Theos, Eupator, Theopator, Philhellene | Arsaces XIX | Mitrídates III | ? | Hijo de Fraates III | 65 [8] –54 a. C. | 54 a. C. | Asesinado por Orodes II | |
Rey de reyes, Philopator, Eupator, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene, Ktistes | Arsaces XX | Orodes II | ? | Hijo de Fraates III | 57–38 a. C. | 38 a. C. | Asesinado por Phraates IV | |
Rey de reyes, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene | Arsaces XXI | Pacorus I | ? | Hijo de Orodes II | 50–38 a. C. | 38 a. C. | Muerto en batalla con los romanos | |
Rey de reyes, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene | Arsaces XXII | Fraates IV | ? | Hijo de Orodes II | 38-2 a. C. | 2 aC | Asesinado por Musa | |
Rey de reyes, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene, Autocrator, Philoromaeos | Arsaces XXIII | Tiridates II | ? | Probablemente un descendiente de Arsaces XIII Mithridates | 30-25 a. C. | después del 23 a. C. | Depuesto y se fue a Roma | |
? | Arsaces XXIV | Mitrídates [11] | ? | Probablemente un descendiente de Arsaces XIII Mithridates | 12–9 a. C. | ? | ||
Reina de reinas, Thea, Urania | Musa | Musa | ? | Reina de Fraates IV | 2 a. C. - 4 d. C. | 4? CE | ||
Rey de reyes, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene | Arsaces XXV | Fraates V | ? | Hijo de Phraates IV y Musa | 2 a. C. - 4 d. C. | 4 CE | Depuesto y se fue a Roma | |
Rey de reyes, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene | Arsaces XXVI | Orodes III | ? | Probablemente un descendiente de Arsaces XIII Mithridates | 4-6 | 6 | Asesinado por aristócratas partos | |
El Gran Rey, Rey de Reyes, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene, Nikephorus | Arsaces XXVII | Vonones I | ? | Hijo de Fraates IV | 8-12 | 19 | Depuesto y se fue a Roma. Más tarde, fue asesinado por romanos. | |
Rey de reyes, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene | Arsaces XXVIII | Artabano III | ? | Probablemente un descendiente de Arsaces XIII Mithridates | 10–40 | 40 | ||
? | Arsaces XXIX | Tiridates III | ? | Probablemente un descendiente de Tiridates II | 35–36 | ? | Depuesto y se fue a Roma | |
? | Arsaces XXX | Cinnamus | ? | Hijo de Artabano III | 37 | ? | Abdicado | |
Rey de reyes, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene | Arsaces XXXI | Gotarzes II | 11 | Hijo de Artabano III | 40–51 | 51 | ||
Rey de reyes, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene | Arsaces XXXII | Vardanes I | ? | Hijo de Artabano III | 40–46 | 46 | Asesinado por Gotarzes II | |
Rey de reyes, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene | Arsaces XXXIII | Vonones II | ? | Probablemente hijo de Artabano III | C. 45–51 | 51 | ||
? | Arsaces XXXIV | Mitrídates [12] | ? | Hijo de Vonones I | 49–50 | ? | Depuesto y mutilado por Gotarzes II | |
Rey de reyes, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene, El Señor | Arsaces XXXV | Vologases I | ? | Hijo de Vonones II | 51–77 | 77 | ||
Rey de reyes, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene | Arsaces XXXVI | Vardanes II | ? | Hijo de Vologases I | 55–58 | ? | Depuesto | |
Rey de reyes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene | Arsaces XXXVII | Vologases II | ? | Probablemente el hijo mayor de Vologases I | 77–89 / 90 | ? | ||
Rey de reyes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene | Arsaces XXXVIII | Pacorus II | ? | Probablemente el hijo menor de Vologases I | 77-115 | 115 | ||
Rey de reyes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene | Arsaces XXXIX | Artabano IV | ? | Probablemente hijo de Vologases I o Artabanus III | 80–81 | ? | ||
Rey de reyes, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene | Arsaces XL | Osroes I | ? | hermano de Pacorus II | 89 / 90–130 | 130 | ||
Rey de reyes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene | Arsaces XLI | Vologases III | ? | Probablemente hijo de Sanatruces I, rey de Armenia 89–109, que era hermano de Osroes I | 105-148 | 148 | También fue rey de Armenia como Vologases I | |
Rey de reyes, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene | Arsaces XLII | Parthamaspates | ? | Hijo de Osroes I | 116-117 | después de 123 | Depuesto y se fue a Roma | |
Rey de reyes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene | Arsaces XLIII | Mitrídates IV | ? | Probablemente hijo de Osroes I | C. 130 - c. 145 | C. 145 | ||
Rey de reyes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene | Arsaces XLIV [13] | ? | ? | ? | C. 140 - c. 140 | C. 140 | ||
Rey de reyes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene | Arsaces XLV | Vologases IV | ? | Hijo de Mitrídates IV | 148-191 | 191 | ||
Rey de reyes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene | Arsaces XLVI | Vologases V | ? | Hijo de Vologases IV | 191-208 | 208 | ||
Rey de reyes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene | Arsaces XLVII | Osroes II | ? | Probablemente hijo de Vologases IV | C. 190 - c. 195 | ? | ||
Rey de reyes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene | Arsaces XLVIII | Vologases VI | 181 | Hijo de Vologases V | 208–228 | 228 | Asesinado por Ardashir I | |
Rey de reyes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene | Arsaces XLIX | Artabano V | ? | Hijo de Vologases V | 213–226 | 226 | Asesinado por Ardashir I | |
Rey de reyes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene | Arsaces L | Tiridates IV [14] | ? | Hijo de Vologases IV | 217–222 | ? | También fue rey de Armenia. |
Imperio Sasánida (224–651)
Retrato | Título | Nombre regnal | Nombre personal | Nacimiento | Relaciones familiares | Reinado | Muerte | Notas |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Casa de Sasan | ||||||||
Shahanshah [15] | Ardashir I | - | 180 | Hijo de Papak, que era hijo de Sasan | 28 de abril de 224 - febrero de 242 | Febrero 242 | ||
Shahanshah | Shapur I | - | 215 | Hijo de Ardashir I | 12 de abril de 240 - mayo de 270 | Mayo 270 | ||
Shahanshah, Wuzurg Armananshah [16] | Hormizd I | Hormozd-Ardashir | ? | Hijo de Shapur I | Mayo de 270 - junio de 271 | Junio 271 | ||
Shahanshah, Gilanshah | Bahram I | - | ? | Hijo de Shapur I | 271 de junio - 274 de septiembre | Septiembre 274 | ||
Shahanshah | Bahram II | - | ? | Hijo de Bahram I | 274-293 de septiembre | 293 | ||
Shahanshah, Sakanshah | Bahram III | - | ? | Hijo de Bahram II | 293 | 293 | Depuesto | |
Shahanshah, Wuzurg Armananshah | Narseh I | - | ? | Hijo de Shapur I | 293–302 | 302 | ||
Shahanshah | Hormizd II | - | ? | Hijo de Narseh I | 302–309 | 309 | Asesinado por aristócratas iraníes | |
Shahanshah | Adhur Narseh | - | ? | Hijo de Hormizd II | 309 | 309 | Asesinado por aristócratas iraníes | |
Shahanshah, Dhū al-aktāf [17] | Shapur II | - | 309 | Hijo de Hormizd II | 309–379 | 379 | ||
Shahanshah | Ardashir II | - | 309/310 | Hijo de Hormizd II | 379–383 | 383 | ||
Shahanshah | Shapur III | - | ? | Hijo de Shapur II | 383 - diciembre de 388 | Diciembre 388 | Asesinado por aristócratas iraníes | |
Shahanshah, Kirmanshah | Bahram IV | - | ? | Hijo de Shapur II | Diciembre 388 - 399 | 399 | ||
Shahanshah | Yazdegerd I | - | 363 | Hijo de Shapur III | 399 - 21 de enero de 420 | 21 de enero de 420 | Asesinado por aristócratas iraníes | |
Shahanshah | Bahram V | - | 406 | Hijo de Yazdegerd I | 21 de enero de 420 - 20 de junio de 438 | 20 de junio de 438 | ||
Shahanshah | Yazdegerd II | - | ? | Hijo de Bahram V | 20 de junio de 438-15 de diciembre de 457 | 15 de diciembre de 457 | ||
Shahanshah | Hormizd III | - | 399 | Hijo de Yazdegerd II | 457–459 | 459 | Asesinado por Peroz I | |
Shahanshah | Peroz yo | - | 459 | Hijo de Yazdegerd II | 457 - enero 484 | Enero 484 | Muerto en batalla con los heftalitas | |
Shahanshah | Balash | - | ? | Hijo de Yazdegerd II | Febrero 484 - 488 | 488 | ||
Shahanshah | Kavadh I | - | 449 | Hijo de Peroz I | 488–496 | 13 de septiembre de 531 | Depuesto | |
Shahanshah | Djamasp | - | ? | Hijo de Peroz I | 496–498 | 502 | Depuesto | |
Shahanshah | Kavadh I | - | 449 | Hijo de Peroz I | 498 - 13 de septiembre de 531 | 13 de septiembre de 531 | ||
Shahanshah, Anushiravan, el justo | Khosrau I | - | 500 | Hijo de Kavadh I | 13 de septiembre de 531 - 31 de enero de 579 | 31 de enero de 579 | ||
Shahanshah | Hormizd IV | - | 540 | Hijo de Khosrau I | 31 de enero de 579-5 de septiembre de 590 | 5 de septiembre de 590 | Asesinado por Vistahm | |
Shahanshah, Aparviz | Khosrau II | - | 570 | Hijo de Hormizd IV | Septiembre de 590 - septiembre de 590 | 28 de febrero de 628 | Depuesto y se fue a territorio bizantino | |
Casa de Mihran | ||||||||
Shahanshah, Chubineh | Bahram VI | Mehrbandak | ? | Hijo de Bahram Gushnasp de House of Mihran | Septiembre - 590 Enero 591 | 591 | Asesinado bajo la orden de Khosrau II | |
Casa de Sasan | ||||||||
Shahanshah, Aparviz | Khosrau II | - | 570 | Hijo de Hormizd IV | 591 de enero - 25 de febrero de 628 | 28 de febrero de 628 | Ejecutado por Mihr Hormozd bajo las órdenes de Kavadh II | |
Casa de Ispahbudhan | ||||||||
Shahanshah | Vistahm | - | ? | Hijo de Shapur de la Casa de Ispahbudhan . Era el tío de Khosrau II y esposo de Gorduya, hermana de Bahram VI | 591 - 596 o 600 | 596 o 600 | Asesinado por su esposa Gorduya o por su general Pariowk | |
Casa de Sasan | ||||||||
Shahanshah | Kavadh II | Shiruyah | ? | Hijo de Khosrau II | 25 de febrero de 628-15 de septiembre de 628 | 15 de septiembre de 628 | Murió de peste | |
Shahanshah | Ardashir III | - | 621 | Hijo de Kavadh II | 15 de septiembre de 628-27 de abril de 629 | 27 de abril de 629 | Asesinado por Shahrbaraz | |
Casa de Mihran | ||||||||
Shahanshah, Shahrvaraz | Shahrbaraz | - | ? | General sasánida de la Casa de Mihran | 27 de abril de 629-17 de junio de 629 | 17 de junio de 629 | Asesinado por Farrokh Hormizd bajo las órdenes de Borandukht | |
Casa de Sasan | ||||||||
Shahanshah | Khosrau III | - | ? | Sobrino de Khosrau II | 630 | 630 | Asesinado después de un reinado de unos días | |
Shahbanu [18] | Borandukht | - | 590 | Hija de Khosrau II | 17 de junio de 629-16 de junio de 630 (primer reinado) 631 - 632 (segundo reinado) | 632 | Depuesto por aristócratas iraníes y reemplazado por Shapur-i Shahrvaraz Restaurado en el trono de Sasán, y luego estrangulado por Piruz Khosrow. | |
Shahanshah | Shapur-i Shahrvaraz | - | ? | Hijo de Shahrbaraz y hermana desconocida de Khosrau II | 630 | ? | Depuesto por aristócratas iraníes y reemplazado por Azarmidokht | |
Shahanshah | Peroz II | Gushnasp-Bandeh | ? | Hijo de Mihran-Goshnasp y Chaharbakht que era hija de Yazdandad hijo de Cosroes I . | 630 | 630 | Asesinado por aristócratas iraníes | |
Shahbanu | Azarmidokht | - | ? | Hija de Khosrau II | 630–631 | 631 | Asesinado por aristócratas iraníes | |
Shahanshah | Khosrau IV | Khurrazadh | ? | Hijo de Khosrau II | 631 | 631 | Asesinado por aristócratas iraníes | |
Casa de Ispahbudhan | ||||||||
Shahanshah | Farrokh Hormizd | - | ? | Hijo del general sasánida Vinduyih , hermano de Vistahm | 630–631 | 631 | Asesinado por Siyavakhsh bajo las órdenes de Azarmidokht | |
Casa de Sasan | ||||||||
Shahanshah | Hormizd VI | - | ? | Nieto de Khosrau II | 630–631 | 631 | Asesinado por aristócratas iraníes | |
Shahanshah | Yazdegerd III | - | 624 | Hijo de Shahryar el hijo de Khosrau II | 16 de junio de 632–651 | 651 | Asesinado por un molinero |
Nota: Generalmente se acepta que la Persia clásica terminó con el colapso del Imperio Sasánida como resultado de la conquista musulmana de Persia .
Reino de Dabuyid (642–760)
Una dinastía persa zoroástrica que mantuvo el poder en el norte durante más de un siglo antes de caer finalmente ante el califato abasí.
Retrato | Título | Nombre | Nacimiento | Relaciones familiares | Reinado | Muerte | Notas |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dinastía Dabuyid (642–760) | |||||||
Ispahbadh | Gil Gavbara | ? | Hijo de Piruz | 642–660 | 660 | ||
Ispahbadh, Gil-Gilan, Padashwargarshah | Dabuya | ? | Hijo de Gil Gavbara | 660–676 | 676 | ||
Ispahbadh, Gil-Gilan, Padashwargarshah | Farrukhan el Grande | ? | Hijo de Dabuya | 712–728 | 728 | ||
Ispahbadh, Gil-Gilan, Padashwargarshah | Dadhburzmihr | ? | Hijo de Farrukhan el Grande | 728–740 / 741 | 740/741 | ||
Ispahbadh, Gil-Gilan, Padashwargarshah | Farrukhan el pequeño | ? | Hijo de Farrukhan el Grande | 740 / 741–747 / 48 | 747/48 | Regente de Khurshid de Tabaristan | |
Ispahbadh, Gil-Gilan, Padashwargarshah | Khurshid | 734 | Hijo de Dadhburzmihr | 740 / 741–760 | 761 | Suicidio |
Califato de Rashidun (642–661)
Para obtener listas más completas de reyes y sub-reyes de esta Era, consulte:
- Dinastías musulmanas de Irán
Retrato | Título | Nombre | Kunya | Nacimiento | Relaciones familiares | Reinado | Muerte | Notas |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Al Farooq, califa, Amir al-Mu'minin | Umar | Abu Hafs | 583 | Hijo de Khattab ibn Nufayl . | 642–644 | 644 | Umar se convirtió en califa en 634 y sus fuerzas conquistaron Persia en 642. Asesinado por Piruz Nahavandi | |
Zonnurain, Califa, Amir al-Mu'minin | Uthman ibn Affan | Abu Amr | 579 | Hijo de Affan, del clan Omeya . | 644–656 | 656 | Asesinado por rebeldes | |
Al-Mortaza, Califa, Amir al-Mu'minin, Gran Imán, Maula Ali | Ali Ibn Abi Talib | Abul-Hasan | 598 | Hijo de Abu Talib, del clan Hachemita . Yerno de Muhammad . | 656–661 | 661 | Asesinado por Jarijitas |
Califato omeya (661–750)
Para obtener listas más completas de reyes y sub-reyes de esta Era, consulte:
- Dinastías musulmanas de Irán
Retrato | Título | Nombre | Kunya | Nacimiento | Relaciones familiares | Reinado | Muerte | Notas |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Califa, Amir al-Mu'minin | Muawiyah I | Abu Abdullah | ? | Hijo de Abu Sufyan ibn Harb , primo de Uthman ibn Affan y primo lejano de Muhammad | 661–680 | 680 | ||
Califa, Amir al-Mu'minin | Yazid I | Abu Khalid | ? | Hijo de Muawiyah I | 680–683 | 683 | ||
Califa, Amir al-Mu'minin | Muawiya II | Abu Abd ur-Rahman | ? | Hijo de Yazid I | 683–684 | ? | Abdicado (?) | |
Califa, Amir al-Mu'minin | Marwan I | Abu Abd al-Malik | ? | Hijo de Hakam, primo de Muawiyah I | 684–685 | 685 | Asesinado por su esposa | |
Califa, Amir al-Mu'minin | Abd al-Malik Ibn Marwan | Abu'l-Walid | ? | Hijo de Marwan I | 685–705 | 705 | ||
Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin | Al-Walid I | Abu'l-Abbas | ? | Son of Abd al-Malik | 705–715 | 715 | ||
Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin | Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik | Abu Ayyub | ? | Son of Abd al-Malik | 715–717 | 717 | ||
Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin | Umar II | Abu Hafṣ | ? | Son of Abd al-Aziz son of Marwan I | 717–720 | 720 | ||
Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin | Yazid II | Abu Khalid | ? | Son of Abd al-Malik | 720–724 | 724 | ||
Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin | Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik | Abu'l-Walid | ? | Son of Abd al-Malik | 724–743 | 743 | ||
Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin | Al-Walid II | Abu'l-Abbas | ? | Son of Yazid II | 743–744 | 744 | ||
Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin | Yazid III | Abu Khalid | ? | Son of Al-Walid I and Shahfarand daughter of Peroz III | 744–744 | 744 | Killed | |
Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin | Ibrahim ibn al-Walid | Abu Ishaq | ? | Son of Al-Walid I | 744–744 | 744 | Killed | |
Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin | Marwan II | Abu Abd al-Malik | ? | Son of Muhammad son of Marwan I | 744–750 | 750 | Ruled from Harran in the Jazira. Killed by Saffah |
Califato abasí (750–946)
For more comprehensive lists of kings and sub-kings of this Era see:
- Muslim dynasties of Iran
Portrait | Title | Regnal name | Personal name | Birth | Family relations | Reign | Death | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin | As-Saffah | Abu'l-Abbas Abdullah | 721 | Son of Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Abdallah who was Muhammad's paternal uncle | 750–754 | 754 | ||
Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin | Al-Mansur | Abu Ja'far Abdullah | 714 | Brother of As-Saffah | 754–775 | 775 | ||
Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin | Al-Mahdi | Abu Abdullah Muhammad | 744/745 | Son of Al-Mansur | 775–785 | 785 | ||
Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin | Al-Hadi | Abu Mohammad Musa | 764 | Son of Al-Mahdi | 785–786 | 786 | ||
Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin | Harun al-Rashid' | Abu Ja'far Harun | 763/766 | Son of Al-Mahdi | 786–809 | 809 | ||
Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin | Al-Amin | Abu Abdullah Muhammad | 787 | Son of Harun al-Rashid | 809–813 | 813 | Killed by Al-Ma'mun | |
Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin | Al-Ma'mun | Abu'l-Abbas Abdullah | 786 | Son of Harun al-Rashid | 813–833 | 833 | ||
Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin | Al-Mu'tasim | Abu Ishaq Muhammad | 795 | Son of Harun al-Rashid | 833–842 | 842 | ||
Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin | Al-Wathiq | Abu Ja'far Harun | 816 | Son of Al-Mu'tasim | 842–847 | 847 | ||
Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin | Al-Mutawakkil | Abu'l-Fazl Ja'far | 821 | Son of Al-Mu'tasim | 847–861 | 861 | Killed by Al-Muntasir | |
Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin | Al-Muntasir | Abu Ja'far Muhammad | 837 | Son of Al-Mutawakkil | 861–862 | 862 | ||
Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin | Al-Musta'in | Abu'l-Abbas Ahmad | 836 | Son of Muhammad son of Al-Mu'tasim | 862–866 | 866 | Deposed and later killed | |
Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin | Al-Mu'tazz | Abu Abdullah Zubayr | 847 | Son of Al-Mutawakkil | 866–869 | 869 | Deposed and later killed | |
Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin | Al-Muhtadi | Abu Ishaq Muhammad | ? | Son of Al-Wathiq | 869–870 | 870 | ||
Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin | Al-Mu'tamid | Abu'l-Abbas Ahmad | 844 | Son of Al-Mutawakkil | 870–892 | 892 | ||
Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin | Al-Mu'tadid | Abu'l-Abbas Ahmad | 854/861 | Son of Talha al-Muwaffaq son of Al-Mutawakkil | 892–902 | 902 | ||
Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin | Al-Muktafi | Abu Mohammad Ali | 877/878 | Son of Al-Mu'tadid | 902–908 | 908 | ||
Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin | Al-Muqtadir | Abul-Fazl Ja'far | 895 | Son of Al-Mu'tadid | 908–929 and 929–932 | 929 | Briefly deposed. | |
Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin | Al-Qahir | Abu Mansur Muhammad | 899 | Son of Al-Mu'tadid | 929 and 932–934 | 929 | Forced to resign the throne in the face of public protest, later deposed and blinded. | |
Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin | Abu'l-Abbas Ar-Radi | Muhammad | 907 | Son of Al-Muqtadir | 934–940 | 940 | De facto power in the hands of Ibn Ra'iq 936-938 | |
Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin | Al-Muttaqi | Abu Ishaq Ibrahim | 908 | Son of Al-Muqtadir | 940–944 | 944 | De facto power in the hands of Bajkam 940-941, Ibn Ra'iq 941-942, Nasir al-Dawla 942-943 & Tuzun 943-944, who deposed and blinded him. | |
Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin | Al-Mustakfi | Abu'l-Qasim Abdullah | 905 | Son of Al-Muktafi | 944–946 | 946 | De facto power in the hands of Tuzun 944-945 & Abu Jafar 945-946. Deposed and blinded by Mu'izz al-Dawla |
Imperio Samanid (819-999)
For more comprehensive lists of kings and sub-kings of this Era see:
- Muslim dynasties of Iran
Portrait | Title | Regnal name | Personal name | Birth | Family relations | Reign | Death | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Samanid dynasty (819–999) | ||||||||
Ahmad ibn Assad | ? | ? | 819–864/865 | 864/5 | ||||
Nasr I | ? | ? | 864/865–892 | 892 | ||||
Adel | Ismail Samani’’' | ? | ? | 892–907 | 907 | |||
Shaheed | Ahmad Samani | ? | ? | 907–914 | 914 | |||
Saeed | Nasr II | ? | ? | 914–942 | 943 | |||
Hamid | Nuh I | ? | ? | 942–954 | 954 | |||
Rashid | 'Abd al-Malik I | ? | ? | 954–961 | 961 | |||
Mo'ayyed | Mansur I | ? | ? | 961–976 | 976 | |||
Radhi | Nuh II | ? | ? | 976–996 | 997 | |||
Abol Hareth | Mansur II | ? | ? | 996–999 | 999 | |||
Abol Favares | 'Abd al-Malik II | ? | ? | 999 | 999 | |||
Montaser | Isma'il Muntasir | ? | ? | 1000–1005 | 1005 |
Reino Saffarid (861–1003)
For more comprehensive lists of kings and sub-kings of this Era see:
- Muslim dynasties of Iran
Portrait | Title | Name | Kunya | Birth | Family relations | Reign | Death | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Saffarid dynasty (861–1003) | ||||||||
Emir | Ya'qub ibn al-layth al-Saffar | – | 840 | Son of al-Layth | 861–879 | 879 | Died of sickness | |
Emir | Amr ibn al-Layth | – | ? | Son of al-Layth | 879–901 | 902 | Captured by the Samanids, later executed on 20 April 902 in Baghdad | |
Emir | Tahir ibn Muhammad ibn Amr | Abu'l-Hasan | ? | Son of Muhammad, son of Amr | 901–908 | ? | Imprisoned in Baghdad | |
Emir | Al-Layth | – | ? | Son of Ali, son of al-Layth | 909–910 | 928 | Dies of natural causes as a prisoner in Baghdad in 928 | |
Emir | Muhammad ibn Ali ibn al-Layth | – | ? | Son of Ali, son of al-Layth | 910–911 | ? | Imprisoned in Baghdad | |
Emir | Amr | Abu Hafs | 902 | Son of Ya'qub | 912–913 | ? | Overthrown by the Samanids | |
Emir | Ahmad Ja’far Ahmad ibn Muhammad | Abu Ja'far | 21 June 906 | Son of Muhammad, son of Amr | 923–963 | 31 March 963 | Killed by Abu’l-'Abbas and a Turkic Ghilman | |
Emir | Khalaf ibn Ahmad | Abu Ahmad | November 937 | Son of Ahmad ibn Muhammad | 963–1003 | March 1009 | Overthrown by the Ghaznavids in 1003, died in exile in 1009 |
Reino de Ghurid (879-1215)
For more comprehensive lists of kings and sub-kings of this Era see:
- Muslim dynasties of Iran
Portrait | Title | Name | Birth | Family relations | Reign | Death | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ghurid dynasty (879–1215) | |||||||
Malik | Amir Suri | ? | Father of Muhammad ibn Suri[19] | ?–? | ? | was the first Malik of the Ghurid dynasty | |
Malik | Muhammad ibn Suri | ? | Son of Amir Suri | ?–1011 | 1011 | Poisoned himself | |
Malik | Abu Ali ibn Muhammad | ? | Son of Muhammad ibn Suri | 1011–1035 | 1035 | Overthrown and killed by his nephew Abbas ibn Shith | |
Malik | Abbas ibn Shith | ? | 1035–1060 | 1060 | Deposed and killed by the Ghaznavids, replaced by his son Muhammad ibn Abbas | ||
Malik | Muhammad ibn Abbas | ? | Son of Abbas ibn Shith | 1060–1080 | 1080 | ||
Malik | Qutb al-din Hasan | ? | Son of Muhammad ibn Abbas | 1080–1100 | 1100 | ||
Malik | Izz al-Din Husayn | ? | Son of Qutb al-din Hasan | 1100–1146 | 1146 | ||
Malik | Sayf al-Din Suri | ? | Son of Izz al-Din Husayn | 1146–1149 | 1149 | ||
Malik | Baha al-Din Sam I | ? | Son of Izz al-Din Husayn | 1149 | 1149 | ||
Malik | Ala al-Din Husayn | ? | Son of Izz al-Din Husayn | 1149–1161 | 1161 | ||
Malik | Sayf al-Din Muhammad | ? | Son of Ala al-Din Husayn | 1161–1163 | 1163 | ||
Sultan | Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad | 1139 | Son of Baha al-Din Sam I | 1163–1202 | 1202 | ||
Sultan | Mu'izz al-Din | 1149 | Son of Baha al-Din Sam I | 1173–1206 | 1206 | ||
Sultan | Ghiyath al-Din Mahmud | ? | Son of Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad | 1206–1212 | 1212 | ||
Sultan | Baha al-Din Sam III | ? | Son of Ghiyath al-Din Mahmud | 1212–1213 | 1213 | ||
Sultan | Ala al-Din Atsiz | 1159 | Son of Ala al-Din Husayn | 1213–1214 | 1214 | ||
Sultan | Ala al-Din Ali | ? | Son of Shuja al-Din Muhammad | 1214–1215 | 1215 |
Reino Buyid (934-1062)
The Buyid Kingdom was divided into a number of separate emirates, of which the most important were Fars, Ray, and Iraq. Generally, one of the emirs held a sort of primus inter pares supremacy over the rest, which would be marked by titles like Amir al-umara and Shahanshah.
For more comprehensive lists of kings and sub-kings of this Era see:
- Muslim dynasties of Iran
Portrait | Title | Regnal name | Personal name | Birth | Family relations | Reign | Death | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Buyids of Fars (933–1062) | ||||||||
Emir, Amir al-umara | Imad al-Dawla | Abu'l-Hasan Ali | 891 | Son of Buya | 934–949 | 949 | Also Senior Buyid Emir (934-949) | |
Emir, Shahanshah | Adud al-Dawla | Fanna Khusraw | 936 | Son of Rukn al-Dawla and nephew of Imad al-Dawla | 949–983 | 983 | Senior Buyid Emir (976-983) and Emir of Iraq (978-983) | |
Emir, Amir al-umara | Sharaf al-Dawla | Abu'l-Fawaris Shirdil | 962 | Son of Adud al-Dawla | 983–989 | 989 | Also Senior Buyid Emir and Emir of Iraq (987-989) | |
Emir, King | Samsam al-Dawla | Abu Kalijar Marzuban | 964 | son of Adud al-Dawla | 989–998 | 998 | Also Emir of Iraq and self-proclaimed Senior Buyid Emir (983-986) | |
Emir, King, Shahanshah | Baha' al-Dawla | Abu Nasr Firuz | 971 | Son of Adud al-Dawla | 998–1012 | 1012 | Also Emir of Iraq (988-1012) and Senior Buyid Emir (997-1012) | |
Emir | Sultan al-Dawla | Abu Shuja | 992 | Son of Baha' al-Dawla | 1012–1024 | 1024 | Also Emir of Iraq and Senior Buyid Emir (1012-1021) | |
Emir, Shahanshah | Abu Kalijar | Marzuban | 1011 | Son of Sultan al-Dawla | 1024–1048 | 1048 | Also Emir of Kerman (1028-1048), Senior Buyid Emir (1037-1048) and Emir of Iraq (1044-1048) | |
Emir | Abu Mansur Fulad Sutun | ? | Son of Abu Kalijar | 1048–1054 | 1062 | Lost Fars to Abu Sa'd Khusrau Shah | ||
Emir | Abu Sa'd Khusrau Shah | ? | Son of Abu Kalijar | 1051–1054 | ? | Lost Fars to Abu Mansur Fulad Sutun | ||
Emir | Abu Mansur Fulad Sutun | ? | Son of Abu Kalijar | 1054–1062 | 1062 | Killed by the Shabankara tribal chief Fadluya | ||
Buyids of Rey, Isfahan, and Hamadan (935–1038) | ||||||||
Emir, Amir al-umara | Rukn al-Dawla | Abu Ali Hasan | 898 | Son of Buya | 935–976 | 976 | Also Senior Buyid Emir (949-976) | |
Emir | Fakhr al-Dawla | Abu'l-Hasan Ali | 952 | Son of Rukn al-Dawla | 976–980 and 983–997 | 980 | Also Emir of Hamadan & Tabaristan (984-997) and Senior Buyid Emir (991-997) | |
Emir | Mu'ayyad al-Dawla | Abu Mansur | 941 | Son of Rukn al-Dawla | 976–983 | 983 | Also Emir of Hamadan (976–983), Jibal (977–983), Tabaristan (980–983), and Gorgan (981–983) | |
Emir | Majd al-Dawla | Abu Taleb Rostam | 993 | Son of Fakhr al-Dawla | 997–1029 | 1029 | Only in Rey, briefly self-proclaimed Senior Buyid Emir | |
Emir | Shams al-Dawla | Abu Taher | ? | Son of Fakhr al-Dawla | 997–1021 | 1021 | Only in Isfahan and Hamaedan, briefly self-proclaimed Senior Buyid Emir | |
Emir | Sama' al-Dawla | Abu'l-Hasan Ali | ? | Son of Shams al-Dawla | 1021–1023 | 1023 | Only in Hamadan, Deposed by Kakuyids | |
Buyids of Iraq and Khuzistan (945–1055) | ||||||||
Emir, Amir al-umara | Mu'izz al-Dawla | Abu'l-Husayn Ahmad | 915 | Son of Buya | 945–966 | 966 | ||
Emir, Amir al-umara | Izz al-Dawla | Abu Mansur Bakhtiyar | 943 | Son of Mu'izz al-Dawla | 966–979 | 979 | Self-proclaimed Senior Buyid Emir (976-978) | |
Emir, Shahanshah | Adud al-Dawla | Fanna Khusraw | 937 | Son of Rukn al-Dawla | 977–983 | 983 | Also Emir of Fars (949-983) and Senior Buyid Emir (976-983) | |
Emir, King | Samsam al-Dawla | Abu Kalijar Marzban | 964 | Son of Adud al-Dawla | 983–987 | 998 | Also self-proclaimed Senior Buyid Emir (983-986) and Emir of Fars & Kerman (989-998) | |
Emir, Amir al-umara | Sharaf al-Dawla | Abu'l-Fawaris Shirdil | 962 | Son of Adud al-Dawla | 987–989 | 989 | Also Emir of Fars (983-989) and Senior Buyid Emir (987-989) | |
Emir | Baha' al-Dawla | Abu Nasr Firuz | 970 | Son of Adud al-Dawla | 989–1012 | 1012 | Also Senior Buyid Emir (997-1012) and Emir of Fars (999-1012) | |
Emir | Sultan al-Dawla | Abu Shuja | 992 | Son of Baha' al-Dawla | 1012–1021 | 1024 | Also Senior Buyid Emir (1012-1021) and Emir of Fars (1012-1024) | |
Emir, Shahanshah, King | Musharrif al-Dawla | Abu 'Ali | 1002 | Son of Baha' al-Dawla | 1021–1025 | 1025 | Closest thing to Senior Buyid Emir (1024-1025) | |
Emir | Jalal al-Dawla | Abu Tahir Jalal al-Dawla | 994 | Son of Baha' al-Dawla | 1027–1043 | 1043 | ||
Emir, Shahanshah | Abu Kalijar | Marzuban | 1011 | Son of Sultan al-Dawla | 1043–1048 | 1048 | Also Emir of Fars (1024-1048), Emir of Kerman (1028-1048) and Senior Buyid Emir (1037-1048) | |
Emir | Al-Malik al-Rahim | Abu Nasr Khusrau Firuz | ? | Son of Abu Kalijar | 1048–1055 | 1058 | Also Senior Buyid Emir (1051-1055). Deposed by Tughril of the Seljuqs |
Reino de Ziyarid (928-1043)
Portrait | Title | Regnal name | Personal Name | Birth | Family relations | Reign | Death | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ziyarid dynasty (928–1043) | ||||||||
Abolhajjaj, Emir | Mardavij | ? | son of Ziyar | 928–934 | 934 | |||
Abutaher | Voshmgir | ? | son of Ziyar | 934–967 | 967 | |||
Zahir od-Dowleh | Bisotoon | ? | son of Voshmgir | 967–976 | 976 | |||
Shams ol-Ma'ali, Abolhasan | Qabus | ? | son of Voshmgir | 976–1012 | 1012 | |||
Falak ol-Ma'ali | Manuchehr | ? | son of Qabus | 1012–1031 | 1031 | |||
Sharaf ol-Ma'ali | Anushiravan | ? | son of Manuchehr | 1031–1043 | 1043 | |||
Onsor ol-Ma'ali | Keikavus | ? | son of Eskandar son of Qabus | ? | ? | |||
Gilanshah | ? | son of Keykavous | ? | ? |
Imperio selyúcida (1029-1194)
For more comprehensive lists of kings and sub-kings of this Era see:
- Muslim dynasties of Iran
Portrait | Title | Regnal name | Personal name | Birth | Family relations | Reign | Death | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Seljuqs (1029–1191) | ||||||||
Beg, Sultan | Rukn ad-Dunya wa'd-Din | Toğrül I Abu Talib Mohammad | 995 | Son of Mikha'il son of Seljuq | 1029–1063 | 1063 | ||
Shahanshah, Sultan | ʿAdud ad-Dawla | Alp Arslan Abu Shujaʿ Mohammad | 1039 | Son of Chaghri Beg Dawud brother of Toğrül I | 1063–1072 | 1072 | ||
Sultan | Jalal ad-Dawla wa'd-Din | Malik Shah I Abu'l-Fath Hasan | 1055 | Son of Alp Arslan | 1072–1092 | 1092 | Killed by Assassins | |
Sultan | Nasir ad-Dawla wa'd-Din | Abu'l-Qasim Mahmud I | 1086 | Son of Malik Shah I | 1092–1094 | 1094 | ||
Sultan | Rukn ad-Dunya wa'd-Din | Abu'l-Muzaffar Barkiyaruq | 1080 | Son of Malik Shah I | 1094–1105 | 1105 | ||
Sultan | Ghiyath ad-Dunya wa'd-Din | Abu Shuja Muhammad I Tapar | 1082 | Son of Malik Shah I | 1105–1118 | 1118 | ||
Sultan | Muglith ad-Dunya wa'd-Din | Mahmud II | 1104 | Son of Muhammad I | 1118–1131 | 1131 | Dominated by his uncle Sanjar and killed in a rebellion against him. | |
Sultan | Rukn ad-Dunya wa'd-Din | Abu Talib Toghrul II | 1109 | Son of Muhammad I | 1132–1134 | 1134 | Ruled only in Iraq, dominated by his uncle Ahmed Sanjar | |
Sultan | As-Salatin Muʿizz ad-Dunyā wa'd-Dīn | Abu'l-Harith Ahmed Sanjar | 1087 | Son of Malik Shah I | 1097–1157 | 1157 | Ruled in Khorasan, dominating a series of nephews in Iraq. | |
Sultan | Ghiyath ad-Dawla wa'd-Din | Abu'l-Fath Mas'ud | 1109 | Son of Muhammad I | 1134–1152 | 1152 | Ruled over the western portion of the empire. Preoccupations in the east meant Sanjar was unable to dominate him. | |
Sultan | Mugith ad-Dunya wa'd-Din | Malik Shah III | 1128 | Son of Mahmud II | 1152–1153 and 1160 | 1153 | Deposed by Khass Bey Regained throne but then deposed by the people of Isfahan after 16 days. | |
Sultan | Ghiyath ad-Dunya wa'd-Din | Abu Shuja Muhammad II | 1128 | Son of Mahmud II | 1153–1160 | 1160 | Rule contested with his uncle Sulayman Shah (1153-1155) | |
Sultan | Mu'izz ad-Dunya wa'd-Din | Abu'l-Harith Sulayman Shah | 1118 | Son of Muhammad I | 1153–1155 and 1160–1161 | 1162 | Rule contested with his nephew Muhammad II Deposed by Inanj, Lord of Reyy and the court officials | |
Sultan | Rukn ad-Dunya wa'd-Din | Arslan | 1134 | Son of Toghrul II | 1161–1176 | 1176 | De facto power in the hands of Ildeniz (1160-1174) and his son Pahlavan (1174-1176) | |
Sultan | Rukn ad-Dunya wa'd-Din | Abu Talib Toghrul III | ? | Son of Arslan | 1176–1194 | 1194 | De facto power in the hands of Pahlavan (1176-1186) and Qizil Arslan (1186-1188). Deposed by Qizil Arslan in 1191. Killed by Khwarazm Shah Tekish | |
Sultan | Sanjar II | ? | Son of Sulayman Shah | 1189–1191 | 1191 | De facto power in the hands of Qizil Arslan (1189-1191). Deposed by Qizil Arslan in 1191. | ||
Eldiguzids (1191) | ||||||||
Sultan | Qizil Arslan | ? | Son of Ildeniz | 1191 | 1191 | Held de facto power (1186-1188). Deposed Qizil Arslan in 1191, declared himself Sultan and died an hour before his coronation. |
Imperio Khwarazmian (1153-1220)
An empire built from Khwarezm, covering part of Iran and neighbouring Central Asia.
For more comprehensive lists of kings and sub-kings of this Era see:
- Muslim dynasties of Iran
Portrait | Title | Regnal name | Personal name | Birth | Family Relations | Reign | Death | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Khwarazmian dynasty (1153–1220) | ||||||||
Sultan | Ala ad-Dunya wa ad-Din Abul-Muzaffar | Atsiz | 1097/1105 | son of Muhammad I of Khwarazm | 1153–1156 | 1156 | Ruling in Khwārazm from 1127 | |
Sultan | Taj ad-Dunya wa ad-Din Abul-Fath | Il-Arslan | ? | son of Atsiz | 1156–1172 | 1172 | ||
Sultan | Ala ad-Dunya wa ad-Din Abul-Muzaffar | Tekish | ? | son of Il-Arslan | 1172–1200 | 1200 | With opposition from Sultan shah | |
Shah | Ala ad-Dunya wa ad-Din Abul-Fath | Muhammad Sanjar | ? | son of Tekish | 1200–1220 | 1220 | Eliminated by the Mongols | |
Sultan | Jalal ad-Dunya wa ad-Din Abul-Muzaffar | Mingburnu | ? | son of Muhammad | 1220–1231 | 1231 | Reign largely guerilla warfare against the Mongol conquerors |
Imperio mongol (1220-1256)
For more comprehensive lists of kings and sub-kings of this Era see:
- Muslim dynasties of Iran
Portrait | Title | Regnal name | Personal name | Birth | Family relations | Reign | Death | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Khan | Genghis | Temujin | 1162 | Son of Yesugei Baghatur | 1220–1227 | 1227 | Ruling in Mongolia from 1206 | |
Khan | Tolui | 1192 | Son of Genghis | 25 August 1227 – 13 September 1229 | 13 September 1229 | Regent | ||
Khan | Ögedei | c. 1186 | Son of Genghis | 13 September 1229 – 11 December 1241 | 1232 | |||
Khatun | Töregene | ? | Wife of Ögedei | 1242 – March 1246 | ? | Regent | ||
Khan | Güyük | c. 1206 | Son of Ögedei and Töregene | 1246–1248 | 1248 | |||
Khatun | Oghul Qaimish | ? | Wife of Güyük | 1248–1251 | 1251 | Regent | ||
Khan | Möngke | 10 January 1209 | Son of Tolui | 1 July 1251 – 11 August 1259 | 11 August 1259 |
Ilkhanate y reinos sucesores (1256-1501)
For more comprehensive lists of kings and sub-kings of this Era see:
- Muslim dynasties of Iran
Ilkhanate (1256–1357)
Portrait | Title | Throne name | Personal name | Birth | Family relations | Reign | Death | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Khan, Ilkhan | Hulagu | c. 1217 | Son of Tolui | 1256 – 8 February 1265 | 8 February 1265 | |||
Khan, Ilkhan | Abaqa | 1234 | Son of Hulagu | 1265 – 1 April 1282 | 1 April 1282 | |||
Khan, Ilkhan, Sultan | Ahmad | Nicholas Tekuder | ? | Son of Hulagu | 1282–1284 | 1284 | Killed by Arghun | |
Khan, Ilkhan, Sultan | Arghun | c. 1258 | Son of Abaqa | 1284 – 7 March 1291 | 7 March 1291 | |||
Khan, Ilkhan, Sultan | Gaykhatu | ? | Son of Abaqa | 1291–1295 | 1295 | Killed by general Taghachar | ||
Khan, Ilkhan, Sultan | Baydu | ? | Son of Taraqai son of Hulagu | 1295 | 1295 | Executed by Ghazan | ||
Khan, Ilkhan, Sultan | Mahmud | Ghazan | 5 November 1271 | Son of Arghun | 1295–1304 | 1304 | ||
Khan, Ilkhan, Sultan, | Muhammad Khodabandeh | Öljaitü | 1280 | Son of Arghun | 1304 – 16 December 1316 | 16 December 1316 | ||
Khan, Ilkhan, Sultan | Abu Sa'id | Ala' ad-Din Bahadur | 2 June 1305 | Son of Öljaitü | 1316 – 1 December 1335 | 1 December 1335 | ||
Khan, Ilkhan, Sultan | Arpa Ke'un | Mu'izz ad-Din Mahmud | ? | Son of Suseh son of Munkqan son of Malik-Temur son of Ariq Böke son of Tolui | 1335 – 10 April 1336 | 10 April 1336 | Killed in battle by Ali Padshah | |
Khan, Ilkhan, Sultan | Nasir ad-Din | Musa | ? | Son of Ali son of Baydu | 12 April 1336 – 1337 | 1337 | Puppet of Ali Padshah, fled after being defeated by the Jalayirid Hasan Buzurg | |
Khan, Ilkhan, Sultan | Togha Temür | ? | Son of Sudi son of Bababahathor son of Abokan son of Amakan son of Tur son of Jujiqisar son of Yesugei Baghatur | 1335–1353 | 1353 | In opposition to Jalayirid and Chupanid candidates, killed by the Sarbadar Yahya Karawi | ||
Khan, Ilkhan, Sultan, | Muzaffar ad-Din | Muhammad | ? | Son of Yul Qotloq son of Il Temur son of Ambarji son of Mengu Temur son of Hulagu | 1336–1338 | 1338 | Puppet of Hasan Buzurg, executed by the Chupanid Hasan Kucek | |
Khatun | Sati beg | c. 1300 | Daughter of Öljaitü | 1338–1339 | After 1345 | Puppet of Hasan Kucek, who deposed her. | ||
Khan, Ilkhan, Sultan, | Izz ad-Din | Jahan Temür | ? | Son of Ala-Fireng son of Gaykhatu | 1339–1340 | ? | Puppet of Hasan Buzurg, who deposed him for Togha Temür. | |
Khan, Ilkhan, Sultan | Suleiman | ? | Husband of Sati beg and son of Yusef Shah son of Soga son of Yeshmut son of Hulagu | May 1339 – 1345 | ? | Puppet of Hasan Kucek, fled to Diyarbakr in the disorder after his death. | ||
Khan, Ilkhan, Sultan | Anushirwan | ? | ? | 1344–1356 | ? | Puppet of the Chupanid Malek Ashraf | ||
Khan, Ilkhan, Sultan | Luqman | ? | Son of Togha Temür | 1353–1388 | ? | Puppet of Timur | ||
Khan, Ilkhan, Sultan | Ghazan II | ? | ? | 1356–1357 | ? | Puppet of Malek Ashraf |
Sarbadars (1332–1386)
Portrait | Title | Name | Birth | Family relations | Reign | Death | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Amir | Abd al-Razzaq ibn Fazlullah | ? | 1337–1338 | 1338 | Revolted against Togha Temür, stabbed to death by his brother | ||
Amir | Wajih ad-Din Masud ibn Fazlullah | ? | brother of Abd al-Razzaq | 1338–1344 | 1344 | Captured by the Paduspanids and executed. | |
Amir | Muhammad Aytimur (1343–1346) | ? | Unrelated to predecessors | 1344–1346 | 1346 | Overthrown and executed | |
Amir | Kulu Isfendiyar | ? | Unrelated to predecessors | 1346–c. 1347 | c. 1347 | ||
Amir | Shams al-Din ibn Fazl Allah | ? | brother of Abd al-Razzaq | c. 1347 | ? | Forced to abdicate by successor | |
Amir | Khwaja Shams al-Din 'Ali | ? | Unrelated to predecessors | 1347–1351/1352 | 1351/1352 | Assassinated by a disgruntled official | |
Amir | Yahya Karawi | ? | Unrelated to predecessors | 1351/1352–1355/1356 | 1355/1356 | Eliminated Togha Temür, assassinated. | |
Amir | Zahir al-Din Karawi | ? | Nephew of Yahya Karawi | 1355/1356 | 1355/1356 | Deposed by vizier | |
Amir | Haidar Qassab | ? | Unrelated to predecessors | 1355/1356 | 1356 | Assassinated by a Turkish slave | |
Amir | Lutf Allah | ? | Son of Wajih ad-Din Masud | 1356–1357/1358 or 1361 | 1357/1358 or 1361 | Deposed and executed by his vizier | |
Amir | Hasan al-Damghani | ? | Unrelated to predecessors | 1357/1358 or 1361–1361/1362 | 1361/1362 | Overthrown by Dervish rebels | |
Amir | Khwaja 'Ali-yi Mu'ayyad ibn Masud | ? | Unrelated to predecessors | 1361/1362–1376/1377 and 1376/1377–1381 | ? | Restored, became vassal of Tamerlane in 1381 | |
Amir | Rukn ad-Din | ? | Unrelated to predecessors | 1376/1377 | ? | Installed by Dervish rebels. |
Chupanids (1335–1357)
Portrait | Title | Name | Birth | Family relations | Reign | Death | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Amir | Hassan Kuchak | c. 1319 | Son of Timurtash son of Chupan | 16 July 1338 – 15 December 1343 | 15 December 1343 | Ruled on behalf of his Il-Khanate puppets Sati Beg and Suleiman Khan. | |
Amir | Yagi Basti | ? | Son of Chupan | 1343–1344 | 1344 | Assassinated by his co-ruler Malek Ashraf. | |
Amir | Surgan | c. 1320 | Son of Chupan and Sati Beg | 1343–1345 | 1345 | Driven out by his co-ruler Malek Ashraf. | |
Amir | Malek Ashraf | ? | Brother of Hassan Kuchak | 1343–1357 | 1357 | Ruled on behalf of his Il-Khanate puppets Anushirwan. Hung by Jani Beg of the Golden Horde. | |
Amir | Temürtas | ? | Son of Malek Ashraf | 1360 | 1360 | Short-lived puppet of the Golden Horde. |
Jalayirids (1335–1432)
Portrait | Title | Regnal name | Personal name | Birth | Family relations | Reign | Death | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ulus Beg | Taj-ud-Din | Hasan Buzurg | ? | Son-in-law of Chupan | 1336–1356 | 1356 | Ruled through Ilkhanate puppets Muhammad Khan and Jahan Temür. | |
Bahadur Khan | Mu'izz-ud-dunya wa'd-Din | Shaikh Uvais | c. 1337–1374 | Son of Hasan Buzurg | 1356–1374 | 1374 | ||
Shaikh | Hasan | ? | Son of Shaikh Uvais | 1374–1374 | 1374 | Killed by the Amirs | ||
Shaikh | Jalal-ud-Din | Husain I (1374–1382) | ? | Son of Shaikh Uvais | 1374–1382 | 1382 | Executed by his rebellious brother Ahmed | |
Shaikh | Bayazid | ? | Son of Shaikh Uvais | 1382–1384 | 1384 | In opposition to Husain and Ahmed | ||
Sultan | Ghiyath ud-Din | Ahmad | ? | Son of Shaikh Uvais | 1383–1410 | 1410 | In exile 1393-4, 1400-2, 1403-5. Killed in battle by Qara Yusuf | |
Sultan | Ala ud-Dunya | Shah Walad | ? | Son of Ali, son of Uvais | 1410–1411 | 1411 | ||
Sultan | Mahmud | ? | Son of Shah Walad | 1411 | 1425 | Under regency of Tandu Khatun | ||
Sultan | Uvais | ? | Son of Shah Walad | 1415–1421 | 1421 | |||
Sultan | Muhammad | ? | Son of Shah Walad | 1421 | 1421 | |||
Sultan | Mahmud | ? | Son of Shah Walad | 1421–1425 | 1425 | Second reign | ||
Hussain | ? | Son of Ala-ud-Dawlah, son of Ahmed | 1425–1432 | 1432 | Defeated by Kara Koyunlu |
Injuids (1335–1357)
Portrait | Title | Name | Birth | Family relations | Reign | Death | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sharaf ad-Din Mahmud Shah | ? | 1304–1335 | 1335 | Highly autonomous master of the Ilkhanate royal estates (the injü), removed by Abu Sa'id, executed by Arpa Ke'un. | |||
Amir | Ghiyath ad-Din Kai-Khusrau | ? | Son of Mahmud Shah | 1335–1338/9 | 1338/9 | ||
Amir | Jalal ad-Din Mas'ud Shah | ? | Son of Mahmud Shah | 1338–1342 | 1342 | In opposition to Kai-Khusrau. Jalayirid partisan. Assassinated by Chupanids. | |
Amir | Shams ad-Din Muhammad | ? | Son of Mahmud Shah | 1339/40 | 1339/40 | In opposition to Mas'ud Shah. Murdered by his Chupanid supporter. | |
Amir | Shaikh Abu Ishaq | ? | Son of Mahmud Shah | 1343–1357 | ? | Defeated & executed by the Muzaffarids |
Muzaffarids (1314–1393)
Portrait | Title | Name | Birth | Family relations | Reign | Death | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Emir | Mubariz ad-Din Muhammad ibn al-Muzaffar | 1301 | 1314–1358 | 1368 | Founder of the Muzaffarid dynasty | ||
Emir | Shah Shuja | ? | 1358–1384 | 1384 | |||
Emir | Zain al-Abidin | ? | 1384–1387 | 1387 | |||
Emir | Shah Yahya | ? | 1387–1391 | 1391 | Only ruled in Shiraz | ||
Emir | Shah Mansur | ? | 1391–1393 | 1393 |
Kara Koyunlu (1375–1468)
Portrait | Title | Regnal Name | Personal Name | Birth | Reign | Death | Family relations | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bey | Qara Muhammad | Qara Muhammad Turmush ibn Bairam Khwaja | ? | 1378–1388 | 1388 | First Bey of Kara Koynulu | ||
Bey | Qara Yusuf | Abu Nasr Qara Yusuf Nuyan ibn Muhammad | ? | 1388–1420 | 1420 | Reign ended by Timurid invasion | ||
Bey | Qara Iskander | Qara Iskander ibn Yusuf | ? | 1420–1436 | 1436 | Killed | ||
Bey | Jahan Shah | Muzaffar al-Din Jahan Shah ibn Yusuf | 1397 | 1438 – 11 November 1467 | 11 November 1467 | Son of Qara Yusuf | Killed by Uzun Hasan of the Ak Koyunlu | |
Bey | Hasan Ali | Hasan Ali ibn Jahan Shah | ? | 11 November 1467 – 1468 | 1468 | Son of Jahan Shah | Killed by Uzun Hasan of the Ak Koyunlu |
Aq Koyunlu (1378–1497)
Sources:[20][21]
Portrait | Title | Regnal Name | Personal Name | Birth | Family relations | Reign | Death | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bey | Qara Osman | Qara Yuluk (Nickname) | ? | 1378–1435 | 1435 | For aiding Timur, he was given Diyarbakir in 1402 | ||
Bey | Ali | Nur al-Din Ali ibn Qara Yülük | ? | Son of Qara Osman | 1435–1438 | 1438 | ||
Bey | Hamza | ? | 1403–1435 | 1444 | ||||
Bey | Jahangir | M‘uizz al-Din Jahangir ibn Ali ibn Qara Yülük | ? | Son of Qara Osman | 1444–1453 | 1453 | ||
Bey | Uzun Hassan | Uzun Hassan ibn Jahangir | ? | Son of Jahangir | 1453 – 6 January 1478 | 6 January 1478 | ||
Bey | Khalil | Khalil ibn Uzun Hasan | ? | Son of Uzun Hasan | 1478–1479 | 1479 | ||
Bey | Yaqub | Yaqub ibn Uzun Hasan | ? | Son of Uzun Hasan | 1479–1490 | 1490 | ||
Bey | Baysongur | Baysongur ibn Yaqub | ? | Son of Yaqub | 1490–1491 | 1491 | ||
Bey | Rostam | Rostam ibn Maqsud | ? | Son of Maqsud | 1491–1497 | 1497 | ||
Bey | Ahmad Govde | Ahmad Govde ibn Muhammad | ? | Son of Muhammad | 1497 | 1497 |
Imperio Timurid (1370-1507)
Portrait | Title | Regnal name | Personal name | Birth | Family relations | Reign | Death | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Timurid dynasty (1370–1507) | ||||||||
Amir, Beg, Gurkani, Sahib Qiran, Sultan | Timur | Timur bin Taraghai Barlas, later Timur Gurkani | 9 April 1336 | Son of Muhammad Taraghai | 1370 – 18 February 1405 | 18 February 1405 | ||
Emir | Pir Muhammad | Pir Muhammad bin Jahangir | c. 1374 | Grandson of Timur | 18 February 1405 – 22 February 1407 | 22 February 1407 | ||
Emir, Sultan, Shah | Khalil Sultan | Khalil Sultan bin Miran Shah | c. 1384 | Grandson of Timur | 18 February 1405 – 13 May 1409 | 13 May 1409 | ||
Mirza | Shah Rukh | Shah Rukh | 30 August 1377 | Son of Timur | 18 February 1405 – 12 March 1447 | 12 March 1447 | ||
Mirza, Sultan | Ulugh Beg | Mirza Muhammad Tāraghay | 22 March 1394 | Son of Shahrukh Mirza | 12 March 1447 – 27 October 1449 | 27 October 1449 | Deposed and murdered by his successor | |
Rulers in Transoxiana (1449–1469): | ||||||||
Mirza, Sultan | Abdal-Latif | Padarkush | c. 1429 | Son of Ulugh Beg | 27 October 1449 – 9 May 1450 | 9 May 1450 | Murdered by Amirs | |
Mirza | 'Abdullah | c. 1410 | Grandson of Shah Rukh | 9 May 1450 – June 1451 | June 1451 | Deposed and executed by his successor | ||
Mirza | Abu Sa'id | 1424 | Nephew of Ulugh Beg and great-grandson of Timur | June 1451 – 17 February 1469 | 17 February 1469 | Conquered Khurasan in 1459, realm disintegrates at his death. | ||
Rulers in Khurasan (1449–1459, 1459–1507) | ||||||||
Mirza | Abul-Qasim Babur | ? | Grandson of Shah Rukh | 1449–1457 | 1457 | |||
Mirza | Shah Mahmud | c. 1446 | Son of Babur | 1457–1457 | 1460s | Expelled by successor | ||
Mirza | Ibrahim | ? | Nephew of Babur | 1457 – March 1459 | March 1459 | Died at Battle of Sarakhs | ||
Interregnum (1459–1469) | ||||||||
Mirza, Sultan | Husayn Bayqarah | June/July 1438 | Great-grandson of Timur | 24 March 1469 – 4 May 1506 | 4 May 1506 | |||
Mirza | Badi' al-Zaman | ? | Son of Husayn | 4 May 1506 – 1507 | 1517 | Driven out by Uzbeks | ||
Uzbeks (1507–1510) | ||||||||
Khan | Shaybani Khan | Abul Fath Muhammad | c. 1451 | 1507 – 2 December 1510 | 2 December 1510 | Died at the Battle of Marv |
Note: Medieval Persia is generally agreed to have ended with rise of the Safavid Empire
Imperio safávida (1501-1736)
Portrait | Title | Regnal name | Personal name | Birth | Family relations | Reign | Death | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Safavid dynasty (1501–1736) | ||||||||
Shah, Sultan, Kagan-i Suleyman shan | Ismail I | 1487 | son of Sultan Heidar | 7 November 1502 – 23 May 1524 | 23 May 1524 | |||
Shah, Sahib-i-Qiran, Sultan bar Salatin, Kagan-i Suleyman shan | Tahmasp I | 1514 | son of Ismail I | 23 May 1525 – 25 May 1576 | 25 May 1576 | |||
Shah | Ismail II | 1537 | son of Tahmasp I | 25 May 1576 – 24 November 1577 | 24 November 1577 | Poisoned (?) | ||
Shah, Khodabandeh, Ashraf, Soltan | Mohammad I | 1532 | son of Tahmasp I | 25 May 1576 – 1 October 1587 | 1596 | Deposed | ||
Shahanshah, Sultan, Great | Abbas I the Great[22] | 1571 | son of Mohammad I | 1 October 1587 – 19 January 1629 | 19 January 1629 | |||
Shah, Mirza | Safi | Sam Mirza | 1611 | son of Mohammd Baqer (Safi) Mirza son of Abbas I | 19 January 1629 – 12 May 1642 | 12 May 1642 | ||
Shah | Abbas II | 1632 | son of Safi | 12 May 1642 – 26 October 1666 | 26 October 1666 | |||
Shah, Hakem-ol Hokama | Suleiman I | Safi Mirza | 1645 | son of Abbas II | 26 October 1666 – 29 July 1694 | 29 July 1694 | ||
Shah, Sultan, Sadr-ol Hakem | Sultan Husayn | 1668 | son of Suleiman I | 29 July 1694 – 11 September 1722 | 11 September 1722 | Deposed and killed by Ashraf Hotak | ||
Afghan Rebellion | ||||||||
Shah | Mahmud Hotak | 1697? | son-in-law of Sultan Husayn son of Mirwais Khan Hotak | 23 October 1722 – 22 April 1725 | 22 April 1725 | Recognised as Shah of Persia after the Siege of Isfahan | ||
Shah | Ashraf Hotak | ? | cousin of Mahmud Hotak | 22 April 1725 – 5 October 1729 | 5 October 1729 | Ruled in opposition to Tahmasp II and lost control of Persia after the Battle of Damghan | ||
Safavid Restoration | ||||||||
Shah | Tahmasp II | 1704 | son of Sultan Husayn | 11 September 1722 – 16 April 1732 | 1740 | Ruled in opposition to Mahmud Hotak, later deposed and killed by Nader | ||
Shah | Abbas III | 1730 | son of Tahmasp II | 16 April 1732 – 22 January 1736 | 1739 | Under control of Nader. Deposed and killed by Nader |
Imperio Afsharid (1736-1796)
Portrait | Title | Regnal name | Personal name | Birth | Family relations | Reign | Death | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Afsharid dynasty (1736–1796) | ||||||||
Shahanshah, Sultan, Hakem-ol Hokama, Hazrat-e Ashraf, Zel- ol Allah | Nader Shah | Nadhar Qoli Khan | 1698 | son of Imam Qoli Beig Afshar | 22 January 1736 – 19 June 1747 | 19 June 1747 | Before crowning his title was Tahmasp Qoli Khan. Killed | |
Shah | Adil Shah | Ali Qoli Beig | 1719/20 | son of Mohammad Ebrahim Khan brother of Nader | 19 June 1747 – 29 July 1748 | 1749 | Deposed, blinded and killed by Ebrahim | |
Shah | Ebrahim Afshar | Mohammd Ali Beig | 1724 | son of Mohammad Ebrahim Khan brother of Nader | 29 July 1748 – 3 September 1748 | 1749 | Deposed and killed by Shahrukh Afshar | |
Shah | Shahrukh Afshar | 1734 | son of Reza Qoli Mirza son of Nader. His mother was Fatemeh Soltan Beigom daughter of Sultan Husayn I Safavi | 3 September 1748 – 1796 | 1796 | Deposed & blinded by Suleiman II (1749), restored (1750) | ||
Brief Safavid control[23] (1749–1750) | ||||||||
Shah | Suleiman II of Persia | Mir Sayyed Mohammad Marashi | ? | Pretender to the Safavid throne | 1749–1750 | ? | Removed and blinded | |
Afsharid restoration[24] (1750–1796) | ||||||||
Shah | Shahrukh Afshar | 1734 | son of Reza Qoli Mirza son of Nader. His mother was Fatemeh Soltan Beigom daughter of Sultan Husayn I Safavi | 3 September 1748 – 1796 | 1796 | Deposed & blinded by Suleiman II (1749), restored (1750) |
Reino de Zand (1751-1794)
Portrait | Title | Regnal name | Personal name | Birth | Reign | Death | Family relations | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Zand dynasty (1751–1794) | ||||||||
Khan, Vakil e-Ra'aayaa | Karim Khan Zand | Mohammad Karim | 1705 | 1751 – 6 March 1779 | 6 March 1779 | son of Inaq Khan & Bay Agha | ||
Khan | Mohammad Ali Khan Zand | 1760 | 6 March 1779 – 19 June 1779 | 19 June 1779 | son of Karim | |||
Khan | Abol-Fath Khan Zand | 1755 | 6 March 1779 – 22 August 1779 | 1787 | son of Karim | |||
Khan | Zaki Khan Zand | ? | 6 March 1779 – 22 August 1779 | 22 August 1779 | son of Budaq Khan & Bay Agha | |||
Khan | Sadeq Khan Zand | Mohammad Sadeq | ? | 22 August 1779 – 14 March 1781 | 1782 | son of Inaq Khan & Bay Agha | ||
Khan | Ali-Morad Khan Zand | 1720 | 14 March 1781 – 11 February 1785 | 11 February 1785 | son of Allah Morad (Qeytas) Khan Zand Hazareh | |||
Khan | Jafar Khan | ? | 18 February 1785 – 23 January 1789 | 23 January 1789 | son of Sadeq | |||
Khan | Sayed Morad Khan | ? | 23 January 1789 – 10 May 1789 | 10 May 1789 | son of Khoda Morad Khan Zand Hazareh | |||
Khan | Lotf Ali Khan | 1769 | 23 January 1789 – 20 March 1794 | 20 March 1794 | son of Ja'far | Deposed, blinded and killed by Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar |
Imperio Qajar (1794-1925)
Portrait | Title | Regnal name | Personal name | Birth | Reign | Death | Family relations | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Qajar dynasty (1794–1925) | ||||||||
Khan, Shahanshah, Khaqan | Mohammad Khan Qajar | Agha Mohammad Khan | 14 March 1742 | 20 March 1794 – 17 June 1797 | 17 June 1797 | son of Mohammad Hassan Khan Qajar | Gelded prior to accession. Assassinated | |
Shahanshah, Khaqan, Soltane Saheb Qaran | Fath-Ali Shah Qajar | Baba Khan | 5 September 1772 | 17 June 1797 – 23 October 1834 | 23 October 1834 | son of Hosein Qoli Khan Jahansuz brother of Mohammad | ||
Shahanshah, Khaqan | Mohammad Shah Qajar | Mohammad Mirza | 5 January 1808 | 23 October 1834 – 5 September 1848 | 5 September 1848 | son of Abbas Mirza Nayeb os-Saltaneh son of Fath-Ali | ||
Shahanshah, Khaqan, Soltane Saheb Qaran, Qebleye alam | Naser al-Din Shah Qajar | 16 July 1831 | 5 September 1848 – 1 May 1896 | 1 May 1896 | son of Mohammad and Mahd-e Olia | Assassinated at Shah-Abdol-Azim by Mirza Reza Kermani | ||
Shahanshah, Khaqan | Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar | 23 March 1853 | 1 May 1896 – 3 January 1907 | 3 January 1907 | son of Naser al-Din | |||
Shahanshah | Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar | 21 June 1872 | 3 January 1907 – 16 July 1909 | 5 April 1925 | son of Mozaffar ad-Din | Deposed | ||
Shahanshah | Ahmad Shah Qajar | 21 January 1898 | 16 July 1909 – 15 December 1925 | 21 February 1930 | son of Mohammad Ali | Deposed |
Imperio Pahlavi (1925-1979)
Portrait | Title | Regnal name | Personal name | Birth | Reign | Death | Family relations | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pahlavi dynasty (1925–1979) | ||||||||
Shahanshah | Reza Shah | Reza Khan (later Pahlavi) | 15 March 1878 | 15 December 1925 – 16 September 1941 | 26 July 1944 | son of Abbas Ali | Abdicated during the Anglo-Soviet invasion | |
Shahanshah Ariamehr | Mohammad Reza Shah | Mohammad Reza Pahlavi | 26 October 1919 | 16 September 1941 – 11 February 1979 | 27 July 1980 | son of Reza Shah | Deposed during the Iranian Revolution |
Ver también
- Iranian monarchy
- Monarchism in Iran
- Supreme Leader of Iran
- History of Iran
- Persian Empire
- List of ancient Persians
- Shah
- Shahbanu
notas y referencias
- ^ Behistun Inscription: This is Phraortes. He lied, saying: "I am Khshathrita, of the dynasty of Cyaxares. I am king in Media."
- ^ G. Posener, La première domination perse en Égypte, Cairo, 1936, pp. 30-36.
- ^ Jürgen von Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (= Münchner ägyptologische Studien, vol 46), Mainz am Rhein: Verlag Philipp von Zabern, 1999. ISBN 3-8053-2310-7, pp. 220–21.
- ^ "Ahasuerus". JewishEncyclopedia.com. Retrieved 25 July 2014.
- ^ a b CNG: KINGS of PERSIS. Vādfradād (Autophradates) II. Early-mid 2nd century BC. AR Tetradrachm (25mm, 16.23 g, 11h). Istakhr (Persepolis) mint.
- ^ Rezakhani, Khodadad (2010). "The "Unbekannter König III" and the Coinage of Hellenistic and Arsacid Persis". Nameye Iran-E Bastan, 15.
- ^ a b Assar, 2004.Assar, 2005. Assar, "Moses of Choren & the Early Parthian Chronology", 2006.
- ^ a b c d e f g Qashqai, H., "The successors of Mithridates II"
- ^ a b c d e f g Assar, G.R.F., "A Revised Parthian Chronology of the Period 165-91 BC" Qashqai, H., "The successors of Mithridates II"
- ^ Assar, G.R.F., "A Revised Parthian Chronology of the Period 165-91 BC"
- ^ Josephus Flavius, Antiquities of the Jews, Book XVI, Ch.8.4
- ^ Tacitus, The Annals, 11.10
- ^ See: Unknown King (III) (c. AD 140)
- ^ See: Tiridates III (c. AD 224 – 228?)
- ^ In Persian it means "King of Kings"
- ^ "The great king of Armenians"
- ^ "The penetrator of the shoulders"
- ^ "Queen"
- ^ In arabic, ibn means son of. so muhammad ibn suri means: muhammad son of suri (so suri is his father)
- ^ Muʾayyid S̲ābitī, ʻAlī (1967). Asnad va Namahha-yi Tarikhi (Historical documents and letters from early Islamic period towards the end of Shah Ismaʻil Safavi's reign.). Iranian culture & literature (46). Kitābkhānah-ʾi Ṭahūrī., pp. 193, 274, 315, 330, 332, 422 and 430. See also: Abdul Hussein Navai, Asnaad o Mokatebaat Tarikhi Iran (Historical sources and letters of Iran), Tehran, Bongaah Tarjomeh and Nashr-e-Ketab, 2536, pages 578,657, 701-702 and 707
- ^ H.R. Roemer, "The Safavid Period", in Cambridge History of Iran, Vol. VI, Cambridge University Press 1986, p. 339: "Further evidence of a desire to follow in the line of Turkmen rulers is Ismail's assumption of the title 'Padishah-i-Iran', previously held by Uzun Hasan."
- ^ بزرگ.
- ^ "Ottoman and Persian Empires 1730-1875 by Sanderson Beck".
- ^ Lang, David Marshall (1957), The Last Years of the Georgian Monarchy, 1658-1832, p. 148. Columbia University Press
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