Una ciudad de fábricas , también conocida como ciudad de fábricas o aldea de fábricas , es típicamente un asentamiento que se desarrolló alrededor de una o más fábricas o fábricas, generalmente fábricas de algodón o fábricas que producen textiles.
Europa
Italia
- Crespi d'Adda , Patrimonio de la Humanidad por la UNESCO [1]
- Nuovo quartiere operaio en Schio
- Villaggio Leumann a Collegno [2]
- Villaggio Frua en Saronno [3]
- Villaggio operaio della Filatura en Tollegno [4]
Polonia
Żyrardów
La ciudad surgió a partir de una fábrica textil fundada en 1833 por los hijos de Feliks Lubienski , propietario del terreno donde se construyó. Trajeron a un especialista de Francia y sus máquinas de nuevo diseño. Fue el inventor francés Philippe de Girard de Lourmarin . Se convirtió en director de la firma. [5] La ciudad industrial se convirtió durante el siglo XIX en una importante ciudad industrial textil en Polonia . En honor a Girard, 'Ruda Guzowska', como se llamaba la finca original, pasó a llamarse Żyrardów , un topónimo derivado de la ortografía polonizada del nombre de Girard.
La mayoría de los monumentos de Żyrardów se encuentran en la zona de fabricación que data del siglo XIX y principios del XX. Se cree ampliamente que el asentamiento textil de Żyrardów es el único complejo industrial urbano completo del siglo XIX que se conserva en Europa.
Imperio ruso
Reino Unido
En el Reino Unido, el término "ciudad industrial" generalmente se refiere a las ciudades de fabricación textil del siglo XIX del norte de Inglaterra y las Tierras Bajas de Escocia , en particular las de Lancashire (algodón) y Yorkshire ( lana ).
Algunas antiguas ciudades de fábricas tienen un símbolo de la industria textil en la insignia de su ciudad. Algunas ciudades pueden tener estatuas dedicadas a los trabajadores textiles (por ejemplo, Colne [6] ) o tener un símbolo en la insignia de las escuelas locales (por ejemplo, la escuela de Ossett ).
condado | Pueblos |
---|---|
Ciudades del molino de Cheshire | |
Ciudades de molinos de Derbyshire | |
Ciudades del molino del Gran Manchester | Ashton-under-Lyne , Bolton , Bury , Chadderton , Failsworth , Heywood , Hyde , Lees , Leigh , Manchester, Middleton , Oldham , Radcliffe , Ramsbottom , Rojizo , Rochdale , Royton , Shaw y Crompton , Stalybridge , Stockport , Wigan |
Lancashire mill towns | Accrington, Bacup, Barnoldswick, Blackburn, Burnley, Calder Vale, Chorley, Colne, Darwen, Nelson, Oakenclough, Padiham, Preston for others see table below. |
Yorkshire mill towns | Batley, Bingley, Bradford, Brighouse, Cleckheaton, Dewsbury, Elland, Halifax, Hebden Bridge, Heckmondwike, Holmfirth, Huddersfield, Keighley, Morley, Mytholmroyd, Ossett, Pudsey, Shipley, Skipton, Sowerby Bridge, Todmorden, Yeadon |
The list below includes some towns where textiles was not the predominant industry. For example, mining was a key industry in Wigan and Leigh in Greater Manchester, and in Ossett in Yorkshire.
Spindleage of Lancashire mill towns producing spun cotton between 1830 and 1962
Date | 1883 | 1893 | 1903 | 1913 | 1923 | 1926 | 1933 | 1944 | 1953 | 1962 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Accrington | 590 | 438 | 467 | 660 | 191 | 718 | 469 | 287 | 152 | 92 |
Ashton | 1,574 | 1,731 | 1,781 | 1,955 | 1898 | 1,144 | 644 | 633 | 182 | |
Blackburn | 1,671 | 1,398 | 1,321 | 1,280 | 1,224 | 1,071 | 672 | 451 | 309 | 103 |
Bolton | 4,086 | 4,770 | 5,457 | 6,797 | 7,371 | 7,842 | 7,507 | 6,204 | 4,886 | 1,772 |
Burnley | 1,126 | 734 | 667 | 563 | 538 | 507 | 240 | 182 | 144 | 14 |
Bury | 875 | 899 | 833 | 955 | 1050 | 1000 | 745 | 630 | 524 | 268 |
Chorley | 552 | 527 | 541 | 856 | 838 | 837 | 739 | 491 | 397 | 122 |
Farnworth | 557 | 779 | 966 | 1,485 | 1,478 | 1,484 | 1,344 | 1,237 | 1,104 | 162 |
Glossop | 1,106 | 1,158 | 968 | 882 | 821 | 839 | 524 | 204 | 154 | 10 |
Heywood | 660 | 887 | 836 | 1,070 | 1,100 | 1,096 | 864 | 545 | 533 | 68 |
Hyde | 590 | 499 | 533 | 741 | 793 | 696 | 475 | 366 | 337 | 58 |
Leigh | 1,337 | 1,514 | 1,679 | 2,445 | 2,761 | 2,925 | 2,891 | 2,615 | 2,336 | 548 |
Manchester | 2,445 | 2,353, | 2,225 | 3,703 | 3,307 | 3,439 | 3,417 | 2,974 | 1,934 | 271 |
Middleton | 498 | 494 | 645 | 1,278 | 1,268 | 1,252 | 1,041 | 1,193 | 923 | 161 |
Mossley | 1,153 | 1,217 | 1,033 | 1,288 | 1,297 | 1,289 | 371 | 264 | 256 | - |
Oldham | 9,311 | 11,159 | 12,230 | 16,909 | 17,231 | 17,669 | 13,732 | 8,948 | 7,621 | 2,478 |
Preston | 2,146 | 1,883 | 2,074 | 2,161 | 1,997 | 1,965 | 1,592 | 1,146 | 1,024 | 278 |
Rochdale | 1,627 | 1,835 | 2,422 | 3,645 | 3,749 | 3,793 | 3,539 | 2,459 | 1,936 | 983 |
Stalybridge | 1,083 | 1,157 | 1,027 | 1,236 | 1,104 | 1,103 | 801 | 483 | 426 | 122 |
Stockport | 1,601 | 1,742 | 1,568 | 2,266 | 2,382 | 1,924 | 1,427 | 1,141 | 154 | |
Wigan | 864 | 775 | 888 | 1,085 | 1,123 | 1,141 | 922 | 681 | 575 | 352 |
On his tour of northern England in 1849, Scottish publisher Angus Reach said:
In general, these towns wear a monotonous sameness of aspect, physical and moral... In fact, the social condition of the different town populations is almost as much alike as the material appearance of the tall chimneys under which they live. Here and there the height of the latter may differ by a few rounds of brick, but in all essential respects, a description of one is a description of all.[8]
— Angus Reach, Morning Chronicle, 1849
América del norte
United States
New England
Beginning with Samuel Slater and technological information smuggled out of England by Francis Cabot Lowell, large mills were established in New England in the early to mid 19th century. Mill towns, sometimes planned, built and owned as a company town, grew in the shadow of the industries. The region became a manufacturing powerhouse along rivers like the Housatonic, Quinebaug, Shetucket, Blackstone, Merrimack, Nashua, Cocheco, Saco, Androscoggin, Kennebec or Winooski.
In the 20th century, alternatives to water power were developed, and it became more profitable for companies to manufacture textiles in southern states where cotton was grown and winters did not require significant heating costs. Finally, the Great Depression acted as a catalyst that sent several struggling New England firms into bankruptcy.
State | Towns |
---|---|
Connecticut mill towns | Bridgeport, Danbury, East Windsor, Enfield, Hartford, Killingly, Manchester, Middletown, Naugatuck, New Haven, New London, Norwich, Putnam, Seymour, Shelton, Torrington, Vernon, Waterbury, Willimantic, Winchester, Windham, Windsor Locks |
Maine mill towns | Anson, Auburn, Baileyville, Biddeford, Brunswick, Chisholm, Corinna, Lewiston, Lincoln, Lisbon Falls, Livermore Falls, Millinocket, Milo, Newport, Old Town, Orono, Pittsfield, Rumford, Saco, Sanford, Skowhegan, Waterville, Westbrook, Wilton |
Massachusetts mill towns | Adams, Amesbury, Athol, Attleboro, Chicopee, Clinton, Dalton, Fall River, Fitchburg, Framingham, Gardner, Grafton, Greenfield, Haverhill, Holyoke, Hudson, Lawrence, Lowell, Ludlow, Lynn, Maynard, Merrimac, Methuen, Milford, Millbury, Monson, New Bedford, North Adams, North Andover, Northbridge, Orange, Pittsfield, Russell, Southbridge, Springfield, Taunton, Uxbridge, Waltham, Ware, Webster, Winchendon, Worcester |
New Hampshire mill towns | Belmont, Berlin, Claremont, Dover, East Rochester, Franklin, Gonic, Gorham, Greenville, Groveton, Harrisville, Jaffrey, Keene, Laconia, Lancaster, Lebanon, Lincoln, Manchester, Milford, Milton, Nashua, Newmarket, Newport, Penacook, Pittsfield, Rochester, Rollinsford, Somersworth, Suncook, Tilton, Troy, Wilton |
New York mill towns | Amsterdam, Corning, Mechanicville, Troy, Schenectady, Rochester |
Rhode Island mill towns | Bristol, Burrillville, Central Falls, Coventry, Cumberland, Lincoln, Pawtucket, Providence, Slatersville, Valley Falls, West Warwick, Westerly, Woonsocket |
Vermont mill towns | Bellows Falls, Bethel, Brattleboro, Bridgewater, Burlington, Ludlow, Newport, Springfield, Vergennes, Winooski |
Assawaga Mill, Dayville, CT, in 1909
American Thread Co. Mill, Willimantic, CT, c. 1910
Hollingsworth & Whitney Paper Mill, Waterville, ME, c. 1920
Cumberland Mills, Westbrook, ME, c. 1902
Mill Street, Attleboro, MA, in 1908
Arlington Mills, Lawrence, MA, in 1907
Merrimack Falls, Lawrence, MA, c. 1905
Amoskeag Mills, Manchester, NH, c. 1912
Jackson Mills, Nashua, NH, in 1907
Alice Mills, Woonsocket, RI, in 1911
Colchester Mills, Winooski, VT, in 1907
Mid-Atlantic
Laurel Mill (Laurel Factory)State | Towns |
---|---|
Maryland mill towns | Ellicott City, Jerusalem, Oella, Owings Mills, Savage |
New Jersey mill towns | Clinton, Millville, Patterson |
South
State | Towns |
---|---|
Alabama mill towns | Fairfax (Fairfax Mill and Fair View Mill), Lanett (Lanett Mill), Langdale (Langdale Mill), Sylacauga (Avondale Mill), Opelika (Opelika Mill), River View (Riverdale Mill), Shawmut (Shawmut Mill), Valley (Carter/Lanier Mill) |
Arkansas mill towns | Amity, Beirne, Calion, Crossett, Delight, Glenwood, Jones Mill, Malvern, Mountain Pine |
Georgia mill towns | Bibb City, Cabbagetown, Chicopee, Hogansville, New Holland, New Manchester |
North Carolina mill towns | Alamance, Bellemont, Burlington, Bynum, Canton, Carolina, Carrboro, Cliffside, Concord, Cooleemee, Cramerton, Drexel, Eden, Edgemont (East Durham), Enka, North Carolina, Falls, Glen Raven, Glencoe, Hanes, Haw River, High Shoals, Hildebran, Kannapolis, Long Shoals, McAdenville, Mooresville, Mount Holly, Rhodhiss, Riegelwood, Roanoke Rapids, Sawmills, Saxapahaw, Spencer Mountain, Swepsonville, West Durham, West Hillsborough |
South Carolina mill towns | Cateechee, Central, Cherokee Falls, Columbia (Olympia and Granby Mills), Fort Mill, Graniteville, Great Falls, Inman, Joanna, La France, Lockhart, Lyman, Newry, Pacolet Mills, Pelzer, Piedmont, Slater, Startex, Ware Shoals, Watts Mills, Whitmire |
Model Mill Settlement, Chadwick Mills, Charlotte, N.C. Published c. 1905–1915
White Oak Cotton Mills, Greensboro, N.C. c. 1914
Aerial view of Ware Shoals Mill
Sawmill towns
State | Towns |
---|---|
Illinois | Carrier Mills, Harrisburg |
Oregon | Roseburg |
Washington | Longview |
Wisconsin | Eau Claire |
Sudamerica
Colombia
- San José de Suaita
Ver también
- Company town
- Industrial district
- Blackstone River Valley National Heritage Corridor
- Old Great Falls Historic District, Paterson, NJ
Referencias
- ^ "Crespi D'Adda UNESCO – Sito ufficiale" (in Italian). Retrieved 5 February 2019.
- ^ "Associazione Amici della Scuola del Villaggio Leumann" (in Italian). Retrieved 5 February 2019.
- ^ "Abitare a Saronno tra '800 e '900" (PDF) (in Italian). Retrieved 5 February 2019.
- ^ "Villaggio operaio della Filatura" (in Italian). Retrieved 5 February 2019.
- ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Girard, Philippe Henri de". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
- ^ "Steel statue tribute of mill girl". BBC. 24 July 2018.
- ^ Williams, Mike; Farnie (1992). Cotton Mills of Greater Manchester. Carnegie Publishing. ISBN 0-9487898-9-1.
- ^ Powell, Rob (1986). In the Wake of King Cotton. Rochdale Art Gallery. p. 12.
- ^ WRITER, ALAN BURKE STAFF. "Leather goes to War at Peabody's Leather Museum".
- ^ "Peabody Institute Library : Online Collections". peabodylibrary.pastperfectonline.com.
enlaces externos
Museums and historic sites
- American Textile History Museum, Lowell, MA
- Belknap Mill Society Museum, Laconia, NH
- Berlin and Coös County Historical Society, Berlin, NH
- Slater Mill Historic Site, Pawtucket, RI
- Lowell National Historic Park, Lowell, MA
- Lynn Heritage State Park, Lynn, MA
- The Millyard Museum, Manchester, NH
- Quinebaug & Shetucket Rivers Valley National Historic Corridor
- San Jose de Suaita Cotton Mill Museum
- Southern Textile Heritage Corridor, Vir, NC, SC, Ga, Al
- Museum Lewiston-Auburn, Lewiston, ME