Nathaniel Adams Coles (17 de marzo de 1919-15 de febrero de 1965), conocido profesionalmente como Nat King Cole , fue un cantante, pianista de jazz y actor estadounidense. Grabó más de 100 canciones que se convirtieron en éxitos en las listas de éxitos. Su trío fue el modelo para los pequeños conjuntos de jazz que siguieron. Cole también actuó en películas y en televisión y actuó en Broadway . Fue el primer hombre afroamericano en presentar una serie de televisión estadounidense. Fue el padre de la cantautora Natalie Cole (1950-2015).
Nat King Cole | |
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Información de contexto | |
Nombre de nacimiento | Nathaniel Adams Coles |
Nació | Montgomery, Alabama , EE. UU. | 17 de marzo de 1919
Fallecido | 15 de febrero de 1965 Santa Mónica, California , EE. UU. | (45 años)
Géneros | |
Ocupación (es) |
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Instrumentos |
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Años activos | 1934-1965 |
Etiquetas | |
Actos asociados |
Biografía
Vida temprana
Nathaniel Adams Coles nació en Montgomery, Alabama , el 17 de marzo de 1919. [2] Tenía tres hermanos: Eddie (1910-1970), Ike (1927-2001) y Freddy (1931-2020), [3] y una media hermana, Joyce Coles. [4] Cada uno de los hermanos Cole siguió una carrera en la música. [4] Cuando Nat King Cole tenía cuatro años, la familia se mudó a Chicago , Illinois, donde su padre, Edward Coles, se convirtió en ministro bautista . [5]
Cole aprendió a tocar el órgano de su madre, Perlina Coles, la organista de la iglesia. [6] Su primera actuación fue " Yes! We Have No Bananas " a la edad de cuatro años. [7] Comenzó sus lecciones formales a los 12 años, [8] aprendiendo jazz, gospel y música clásica en piano "desde Johann Sebastian Bach hasta Sergei Rachmaninoff ". [9] Cuando era joven, se unió a la banda " Bud Billiken Club " de los repartidores de noticias para The Chicago Defender . [10]
La familia Cole se mudó al vecindario Bronzeville de Chicago, [11] donde asistió a la escuela secundaria Wendell Phillips Academy , [12] la escuela a la que Sam Cooke asistió unos años más tarde. [13] Participó en el programa de música de Walter Dyett en DuSable High School . [14] Salía a escondidas de la casa para visitar clubes, y se sentaba afuera para escuchar a Louis Armstrong , Earl Hines y Jimmie Noone . [15]
Carrera temprana
Cuando tenía 15 años, Cole abandonó la escuela secundaria para seguir una carrera musical. Después de que su hermano Eddie, un bajista, regresara a casa de una gira con Noble Sissle , formaron un sexteto y grabaron dos sencillos para Decca en 1936 como Swingsters de Eddie Cole. Actuaron en una reposición del musical Shuffle Along . Nat Cole se fue de gira con el musical. En 1937, se casó con Nadine Robinson, quien era miembro del elenco. Después de que el programa terminó en Los Ángeles, Cole y Nadine se establecieron allí mientras él buscaba trabajo. Dirigió una gran banda, luego encontró trabajo tocando el piano en clubes nocturnos. Cuando el dueño de un club le pidió que formara una banda, contrató al bajista Wesley Prince y al guitarrista Oscar Moore . Se llamaron a sí mismos los King Cole Swingsters por la canción infantil en la que " Old King Cole era un alma vieja y alegre ". Cambiaron su nombre por el de King Cole Trio antes de realizar transcripciones de radio y grabaciones para sellos pequeños. [dieciséis]
Cole grabó " Sweet Lorraine " en 1940 y se convirtió en su primer éxito. [17] Según la leyenda, su carrera como vocalista comenzó cuando un cliente borracho de un bar le exigió que cantara la canción. Cole dijo que esta historia inventada sonaba bien, por lo que no discutió con ella. De hecho, hubo un cliente una noche que le exigió que cantara, pero como era una canción que Cole no conocía, en su lugar cantó "Sweet Lorraine". A medida que la gente escuchó el talento vocal de Cole, pidieron más canciones vocales y él obedeció. [18]
1940
En 1941, el trío grabó "That Ain't Right" para Decca, seguido al año siguiente por "All for You" para Excelsior . [16] También grabaron " I'm Lost ", una canción escrita por Otis René , el dueño de Excelsior. [19]
- Nat King Cole, entrevista de Voice of America, c.1956. [20] [21]
Cole apareció en los primeros conciertos de Jazz at the Philharmonic en 1944. En Mercury se le acreditó como "Shorty Nadine", un derivado del nombre de su esposa, porque tenía un contrato exclusivo con Capitol [22] desde que firmó con el sello el año anterior. . Grabó con Illinois Jacquet y Lester Young . [17]
En 1946, el trío transmitió King Cole Trio Time , un programa de radio de 15 minutos. Este fue el primer programa de radio patrocinado por un músico negro. Entre 1946 y 1948, el trío grabó transcripciones de radio para Capitol Records Transcription Service. [23] [24] También actuaron en los programas de radio Swing Soiree , Old Gold , The Chesterfield Supper Club , Kraft Music Hall y The Orson Welles Almanac . [25] [26]
Cole comenzó a grabar e interpretar material orientado al pop en el que a menudo lo acompañaba una orquesta de cuerdas . Su estatura como estrella popular se cimentó con éxitos como "All for You" (1943), " The Christmas Song " (1947), [27] " (Get Your Kicks on) Route 66 ", " (I Love You) Por razones sentimentales "(1946)," ¡Ahí! Lo he dicho de nuevo "(1947)," Nature Boy "(1948)," Frosty The Snowman "," Mona Lisa "(canción número 1 de 1950)," Cielo de color naranja "(1950)," Too Young "(canción núm. 1 de 1951). [28]
1950
El 7 de junio de 1953, Cole actuó para el famoso noveno concierto de Cavalcade of Jazz celebrado en Wrigley Field en Chicago, que fue producido por Leon Hefflin, Sr.También se presentaron ese día Roy Brown y su orquesta, Shorty Rogers , Earl Bostic , Don Tosti. y sus Jazzmen mexicanos, y Louis Armstrong y sus All Stars con Velma Middleton . [29] [30]
El 5 de noviembre de 1956, The Nat 'King' Cole Show debutó en NBC. El programa de variedades fue uno de los primeros presentados por un afroamericano. [31] El programa comenzó con una duración de quince minutos, pero se amplió a media hora en julio de 1957. Rheingold Beer era un patrocinador regional, pero nunca se encontró un patrocinador nacional. El programa tuvo problemas económicos a pesar de los esfuerzos de NBC, Harry Belafonte , Tony Bennett , Ella Fitzgerald , Eartha Kitt , Frankie Laine , Peggy Lee y Mel Tormé . [32] Cole decidió finalizar el programa. El último episodio salió al aire el 17 de diciembre de 1957. [33] Al comentar sobre la falta de patrocinio, Cole dijo poco después de su desaparición, " Madison Avenue tiene miedo a la oscuridad". [34] [35]
A lo largo de la década de 1950, Cole continuó grabando éxitos que vendieron millones en todo el mundo, como " Smile ", " Pretend ", " A Blossom Fell " y "If I May". Sus éxitos del pop fueron colaboraciones con Nelson Riddle , [20] Gordon Jenkins y Ralph Carmichael . Riddle arregló varios de los álbumes de Cole de la década de 1950, incluido Nat King Cole Sings for Two in Love (1953), su primer LP de 10 pulgadas. En 1955, " Darling, Je Vous Aime Beaucoup " alcanzó el número 7 en la lista de Billboard. Love Is the Thing llegó al número uno en abril de 1957 y siguió siendo su único álbum número uno.
En 1959, recibió un premio Grammy a la mejor interpretación de un artista "Top 40" por "Midnight Flyer". [36]
In 1958, Cole went to Havana, Cuba, to record Cole Español, an album sung entirely in Spanish. It was so popular in Latin America and the U.S. that it was followed by two more Spanish-language albums: A Mis Amigos (1959) and More Cole Español (1962).
After the change in musical tastes, Cole's ballads appealed little to young listeners, despite a successful attempt at rock and roll with "Send for Me",[20] which peaked at number 6 on the pop chart. Like Dean Martin, Frank Sinatra, and Tony Bennett, he found that the pop chart had been taken over by youth-oriented acts.
1960s
In 1960, Cole's longtime collaborator Nelson Riddle left Capitol to join Reprise Records, which was established by Frank Sinatra. Riddle and Cole recorded one final hit album, Wild Is Love, with lyrics by Ray Rasch and Dotty Wayne. Cole later retooled the concept album into an Off-Broadway show, I'm with You.
Nevertheless, Cole recorded several hit singles during the 1960s, including "Let There Be Love" with George Shearing in 1961, the country-flavored hit "Ramblin' Rose" in August 1962 (reaching # 2 on the Pop chart), "Dear Lonely Hearts" (#13), "That Sunday, That Summer" (#12) and "Those Lazy-Hazy-Crazy Days of Summer"[20] (his final top-ten hit, reaching number 6 on the Pop chart). He performed in many short films, sitcoms, and television shows and played W. C. Handy in the film St. Louis Blues (1958). He also appeared in The Nat King Cole Story, China Gate, and The Blue Gardenia (1953).
In January 1964, Cole made one of his final television appearances, on The Jack Benny Program. He was introduced as "the best friend a song ever had" and sang "When I Fall in Love". Cat Ballou (1965), his final film, was released several months after his death.
Earlier on, Cole's shift to traditional pop led some jazz critics and fans to accuse him of selling out, but he never abandoned his jazz roots; as late as 1956 he recorded an all-jazz album, After Midnight, and many of his albums after this are fundamentally jazz-based, being scored for big band without strings, although the arrangements focus primarily on the vocal rather than instrumental leads.
Cole had one of his last major hits in 1963, two years before his death, with "Those Lazy-Hazy-Crazy Days of Summer", which reached number 6 on the Pop chart. "Unforgettable" was made famous again in 1991 by Cole's daughter Natalie when modern recording technology was used to reunite father and daughter in a duet. The duet version rose to the top of the pop charts, almost forty years after its original popularity.[37]
Nat's final studio album was titled, "L-O-V-E". The album peaked at #4 on the Billboard Albums chart in the spring of 1965.
Vida personal
Around the time Cole launched his singing career, he entered into Freemasonry. He was raised in January 1944 in the Thomas Waller Lodge No. 49 in California. The lodge was named after fellow Prince Hall mason and jazz musician Fats Waller.[38][39] He joined the Scottish Rite Freemasonry,[40] becoming Master Mason.[41] Cole was "an avid baseball fan", particularly of Hank Aaron. In 1968, Nelson Riddle related an incident from some years earlier and told of music studio engineers, searching for a source of noise, finding Cole listening to a game on a transistor radio.[20]
Marriages and children
Cole met his first wife, Nadine Robinson, while they were on tour for the all-black Broadway musical Shuffle Along. He was 18 when they married. She was the reason he moved to Los Angeles and formed the Nat King Cole trio.[42] This marriage ended in divorce in 1948. On March 28, 1948 (Easter Sunday), six days after his divorce became final, Cole married the singer Maria Hawkins. The Coles were married in Harlem's Abyssinian Baptist Church by Adam Clayton Powell Jr. They had five children: Natalie (1950–2015), who had a successful career as a singer before dying of congestive heart failure at age 65; an adopted daughter, Carole (1944–2009, the daughter of Maria's sister), who died of lung cancer at the age of 64; an adopted son, Nat Kelly Cole (1959–1995), who died of AIDS at the age of 36;[43] and twin daughters, Casey and Timolin (born September 26, 1961), whose birth was announced in the "Milestones" column of Time magazine on October 6, 1961. Maria supported him during his final illness and stayed with him until his death. In an interview, she emphasized his musical legacy and the class he exhibited despite his imperfections.[44]
Experiences with racism
In August 1948, Cole purchased a house from Col. Harry Gantz, the former husband of the silent film actress Lois Weber, in the all-white Hancock Park neighborhood of Los Angeles. The Ku Klux Klan, which was active in Los Angeles in the 1950s, responded by placing a burning cross on his front lawn. Members of the property-owners association told Cole they did not want any "undesirables" moving into the neighborhood. Cole responded, "Neither do I. And if I see anybody undesirable coming in here, I'll be the first to complain."[45]
In 1956 Cole was contracted to perform in Cuba. He wanted to stay at the Hotel Nacional de Cuba in Havana but was refused because it operated a color bar. Cole honored his contract, and the concert at the Tropicana Club was a huge success. During the following year, he returned to Cuba for another concert, singing many songs in Spanish.
In 1956 Cole was assaulted on stage during a concert in Birmingham, Alabama, with the Ted Heath Band while singing the song "Little Girl". Having circulated photographs of Cole with white female fans bearing incendiary boldface captions reading "Cole and His White Women" and "Cole and Your Daughter"[46] three men belonging to the North Alabama Citizens Council assaulted Cole, apparently attempting to kidnap him. The three assailants ran down the aisles of the auditorium towards Cole. Local law enforcement quickly ended the invasion of the stage, but in the ensuing mêlée Cole was toppled from his piano bench and injured his back. He did not finish the concert. A fourth member of the group was later arrested. All were tried and convicted.[47] Cole received a slight back injury during the scuffle. Six men, including 23-year-old Willie Richard Vinson, were formally charged with assault with intent to murder him, but later the charge against four of them was changed to conspiracy to commit a misdemeanor. The original plan to attack Cole included 150 men from Birmingham and nearby towns.[48]
After being attacked in Birmingham, Cole said, "I can't understand it ... I have not taken part in any protests. Nor have I joined an organization fighting segregation. Why should they attack me?" Cole said he wanted to forget the incident and continued to play for segregated audiences in the south. He said he could not change the situation in a day. He contributed money to the Montgomery bus boycott and had sued northern hotels that had hired him but refused to serve him. Thurgood Marshall, the chief legal counsel of the NAACP, called him an Uncle Tom and said he should perform with a banjo. Roy Wilkins, executive secretary of the NAACP, wrote him a telegram that said, "You have not been a crusader or engaged in an effort to change the customs or laws of the South. That responsibility, newspapers quote you as saying, you leave to the other guys. That attack upon you clearly indicates that organized bigotry makes no distinction between those who do not actively challenge racial discrimination and those who do. This is a fight which none of us can escape. We invite you to join us in a crusade against racism."[49]
The Chicago Defender said Cole's performances for all-white audiences were an insult to his race. The New York Amsterdam News said that "thousands of Harlem blacks who have worshiped at the shrine of singer Nat King Cole turned their backs on him this week as the noted crooner turned his back on the NAACP and said that he will continue to play to Jim Crow audiences". To play "Uncle Nat's" discs, wrote a commentator in The American Negro, "would be supporting his 'traitor' ideas and narrow way of thinking". Deeply hurt by the criticism in the black press, Cole was chastened. Emphasizing his opposition to racial segregation "in any form", he agreed to join other entertainers in boycotting segregated venues. He paid $500 to become a lifetime member of the Detroit branch of the NAACP. Until his death in 1965, Cole was an active and visible participant in the civil rights movement, playing an important role in planning the March on Washington in 1963.[50][51]
Politics
Cole sang at the 1956 Republican National Convention in the Cow Palace, Daly City, California, to show support for President Dwight D. Eisenhower.[52] He sang "That's All There Is to That" and was "greeted with applause".[53] He was also present at the Democratic National Convention in 1960 to support Senator John F. Kennedy. He was among the dozens of entertainers recruited by Frank Sinatra to perform at the Kennedy Inaugural gala in 1961. Cole consulted with President Kennedy and his successor, Lyndon B. Johnson, on civil rights.
Enfermedad y muerte
In September 1964, Cole began to lose weight and he experienced back problems.[54] He collapsed with pain after performing at the Sands Hotel in Las Vegas. In December, he was working in San Francisco when he was finally persuaded by friends to seek medical help. A malignant tumor in an advanced state of growth on his left lung was observed on a chest X-ray. Cole, who had been a heavy cigarette smoker, had lung cancer and was expected to have only months to live.[55] Against his doctors' wishes, Cole carried on his work and made his final recordings between December 1 and 3 in San Francisco, with an orchestra conducted by Ralph Carmichael. The music was released on the album L-O-V-E shortly before his death.[56] His daughter noted later that he did this to assure the welfare of his family.
Cole entered Saint John's Health Center in Santa Monica on December 7, and cobalt therapy was started on December 10. Frank Sinatra performed in Cole's place at the grand opening of the new Dorothy Chandler Pavilion of the Los Angeles Music Center on December 12.[57] Cole's condition gradually worsened, but he was released from the hospital over the New Year's period. At home Cole was able to see the hundreds of thousands of cards and letters that had been sent after news of his illness was made public. Cole returned to the hospital in early January. He also sent $5,000 (US$41,722 in 2020 dollars[58]) to actress and singer Gunilla Hutton, with whom he had been romantically involved since early 1964.[59] Hutton later telephoned Maria and implored her to divorce him. Maria confronted her husband, and Cole finally broke off the relationship with Hutton.[60] Cole's illness reconciled him with his wife, and he vowed that if he recovered he would go on television to urge people to stop smoking. On January 25, Cole's entire left lung was surgically removed. His father died of heart problems on February 1.[61] Throughout Cole's illness his publicists promoted the idea that he would soon be well and working, despite the private knowledge of his terminal condition. Billboard magazine reported that "Nat King Cole has successfully come through a serious operation and... the future looks bright for 'the master' to resume his career again".[62] On Valentine's Day, Cole and his wife briefly left St. John's to drive by the sea. He died at the hospital early in the morning of February 15, 1965.[63]
Cole's funeral was held on February 18 at St.James' Episcopal Church on Wilshire Boulevard in Los Angeles; 400 people were present, and thousands gathered outside the church. Hundreds of members of the public had filed past the coffin the day before.[64] Honorary pallbearers included Robert F. Kennedy, Count Basie, Frank Sinatra, Sammy Davis Jr., Johnny Mathis, George Burns, Danny Thomas, Jimmy Durante, Alan Livingston, Frankie Laine, Steve Allen, and Pat Brown (the governor of California). The eulogy was delivered by Jack Benny, who said that "Nat Cole was a man who gave so much and still had so much to give. He gave it in song, in friendship to his fellow man, devotion to his family. He was a star, a tremendous success as an entertainer, an institution. But he was an even greater success as a man, as a husband, as a father, as a friend."[65] Cole's remains were interred in Freedom Mausoleum at Forest Lawn Memorial Park, in Glendale, California.[66]
Lanzamientos póstumos
Cole's last album, L-O-V-E, was recorded in early December 1964—just a few days before he entered the hospital for cancer treatment—and was released just before he died. It peaked at number 4 on the Billboard Albums chart in the spring of 1965. A Best Of album was certified a gold record in 1968. His 1957 recording of "When I Fall in Love" reached number 4 in the UK charts in 1987, released in reaction to a version by Rick Astley challenging for the coveted Christmas number 1 spot.
In 1983, an archivist for EMI Electrola Records, a subsidiary of EMI Records (Capitol's parent company) in Germany, discovered some unreleased recordings by Cole, including one in Japanese and another in Spanish ("Tu Eres Tan Amable"). Capitol released them later that year as the LP Unreleased.
In 1991, Mosaic Records released The Complete Capitol Records Recordings of the Nat King Cole Trio, a compilation of 349 songs available as an 18-CD or a 27-LP set. In 2008 it was re-released in digital-download format through services like iTunes and Amazon Music.
Also in 1991, Natalie Cole recorded a new vocal track that was mixed with her father's 1961 stereo re-recording of his 1951 hit "Unforgettable" for a tribute album of the same title. The song and album won seven Grammy awards in 1992 for Best Album and Best Song.
Trabaja
Discography
- The King Cole Trio (1944)
- The King Cole Trio, Volume 2 (1946)
- The King Cole Trio, Volume 3 (1947)
- The King Cole Trio, Volume 4 (1949)
- Nat King Cole at the Piano (1950)
- Harvest of Hits (1950)
- King Cole for Kids (1951)
- Penthouse Serenade (1952)
- Top Pops (1952)
- Two In Love (1953)
- Unforgettable (1954)
- Penthouse Serenade (1955)
- Nat King Cole Sings for Two in Love (1955)
- The Piano Style of Nat King Cole (1955)
- After Midnight (1957)
- Just One of Those Things (1957)
- Love Is the Thing (1957)
- Cole Español (1958)
- St. Louis Blues (1958)
- The Very Thought of You (1958)
- To Whom It May Concern (1958)
- Welcome to the Club (1958)
- A Mis Amigos (1959)
- Tell Me All About Yourself (1960)
- Every Time I Feel the Spirit (1960)
- Wild Is Love (1960)
- The Magic of Christmas (1960)
- The Nat King Cole Story (1961)
- The Touch of Your Lips (1961)
- Nat King Cole Sings/George Shearing Plays (1962)
- Ramblin' Rose (1962)
- Dear Lonely Hearts (1962)
- More Cole Español (1962)
- Those Lazy-Hazy-Crazy Days of Summer (1963)
- Where Did Everyone Go? (1963)
- Nat King Cole Sings My Fair Lady (1964)
- Let's Face the Music! (1964, recorded 1961)
- I Don't Want to Be Hurt Anymore (1964)
- L-O-V-E (1965)
- Nat King Cole Sings His Songs From 'Cat Ballou' and Other Motion Pictures (1965)
- Live at the Sands (1966, recorded 1960)
His hit singles include "Straighten Up and Fly Right" 1944 #8, "The Christmas Song" 1946/1962/2018 #?/#65/#11, "Nature Boy" 1948 #1, "Mona Lisa 1950 #1, "Frosty, The Snowman" 1950 #9, "Too Young" 1951 #1, "Unforgettable" 1951 #12, "Somewhere Along the Way" 1952 #8, "Answer Me, My Love" 1954 #6, "A Blossom Fell" 1955 #2, "If I May" 1955 #8, "Send for Me" 1957 #6, "Looking Back" 1958 #5, "Ramblin' Rose" 1962 #2, "Those Lazy, Hazy, Crazy Days of Summer" 1963 #6, "Unforgettable" 1991 (with daughter Natalie)
Filmography
Year | Title | Role | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
1943 | Here Comes Elmer | Himself | |
1943 | Pistol Packin' Mama | As part of the King Cole Trio | Uncredited |
1944 | Pin Up Girl | Canteen pianist | Uncredited |
1944 | Stars on Parade | As part of the King Cole Trio | |
1944 | Swing in the Saddle | As part of the King Cole Trio | Uncredited |
1944 | See My Lawyer | Specialty act | As part of the King Cole Trio |
1944 | Is You Is, or Is You Ain't My Baby? | Himself | Short subject |
1945 | Frim Fram Sauce | Himself | Short subject |
1946 | Breakfast in Hollywood | As part of the King Cole Trio | |
1946 | Errand Boy for Rhythm | Himself | Short subject |
1946 | Come to Baby Do | Himself | Short subject |
1948 | Killer Diller | Himself | As part of the King Cole Trio |
1949 | Make Believe Ballroom | Himself | As part of the King Cole Trio |
1950 | King Cole Trio & Benny Carter Orchestra | Himself | Short subject |
1951 | You Call It Madness | Himself | Short subject |
1951 | When I Fall in Love | Himself | Short subject |
1951 | The Trouble with Me Is You | Himself | Short subject |
1951 | Sweet Lorraine | Himself | Short subject |
1951 | Route 66 | Himself | Short subject |
1951 | Nature Boy | Himself | Short subject |
1951 | Mona Lisa | Himself | Short subject |
1951 | Home | Himself | Short subject |
1951 | For Sentimental Reasons | Himself | Short subject |
1951 | Calypso Blues | Himself | Short subject |
1952 | Nat "King" Cole and Joe Adams Orchestra | Himself | Short subject |
1953 | The Blue Gardenia | Himself | |
1953 | Small Town Girl | Himself | |
1953 | Nat "King" Cole and Russ Morgan and His Orchestra | Himself | Short subject |
1955 | Kiss Me Deadly | Singer | Voice |
1955 | Rhythm and Blues Revue | Himself | Documentary |
1955 | Rock 'n' Roll Revue | Himself | Short subject |
1955 | The Nat 'King' Cole Musical Story | Himself | Short subject |
1955 | Rhythm and Blues Revue | Himself | Documentary |
1956 | The Scarlet Hour | Nightclub vocalist | |
1956 | Basin Street Revue | Himself | |
1957 | Istanbul | Danny Rice | |
1957 | China Gate | Goldie | |
1958 | St. Louis Blues | W. C. Handy | |
1959 | Night of the Quarter Moon | Cy Robbin | A.k.a. The Color of Her Skin |
1959 | Premier Khrushchev in the USA | Himself | Documentary |
1960 | Schlager-Raketen | Sänger, Himself | |
1965 | Cat Ballou | Shouter | Released posthumously, (final film role) |
1989 | Benny Carter: Symphony in Riffs | Himself | Documentary |
Television
Year | Title | Role | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
1950 | The Ed Sullivan Show | Himself | 14 episodes |
1951–1952 | Texaco Star Theatre | Himself | 3 episodes |
1952–1955 | The Jackie Gleason Show | Himself | 2 episodes |
1953 | The Red Skelton Show | Himself | Episode #2.20 |
1953–1961 | What's My Line? | "Mystery guest" | 2 episodes |
1954–1955 | The Colgate Comedy Hour | Himself | 4 episodes |
1955 | Ford Star Jubilee | Himself | 2 episodes |
1956–1957 | The Nat King Cole Show | Host | 42 episodes |
1957–1960 | The Dinah Shore Chevy Show | Himself | 2 episodes |
1958 | The Patti Page Show | Himself | Episode #1.5 |
1959 | The Perry Como Show | Himself | Episode: January 17, 1959 |
1959 | The George Gobel Show | Himself | Episode #5.10 |
1960 | The Steve Allen Show | Himself | Episode #5.21 |
1960 | This Is Your Life | Himself | Episode: "Nat King Cole" |
1960 | Academy Award Songs | Himself | TV movie |
1960 | Special Gala to Support Kennedy Campaign | Himself | TV movie |
1961 | Main Event | Himself | TV movie |
1961–1964 | The Garry Moore Show | Himself | 4 episodes |
1962–1964 | The Jack Paar Program | Himself | 4 episodes |
1963 | An Evening with Nat King Cole | Himself | TV movie |
1963 | An Evening with Nat King Cole | Himself | BBC Television special |
1963 | The Danny Kaye Show | Himself | Episode #1.14 |
1964 | Freedom Spectacular | Himself | TV movie |
1964 | The Jack Benny Program | Nat | Episode: "Nat King Cole, Guest" |
Premios y honores
Cole was inducted into the Alabama Music Hall of Fame and the Alabama Jazz Hall of Fame. He was awarded the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 1990. He was inducted into the Down Beat Jazz Hall of Fame in 1997 and the Hit Parade Hall of Fame in 2007. A United States postage stamp with Cole's likeness was issued in 1994. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2000 and the Latin Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2013.[67]
Cole's success at Capitol Records, for which he recorded more than 150 singles that reached the Billboard Pop, R&B, and Country charts, has yet to be matched by any Capitol artist.[68] His records sold 50 million copies during his career.[69] His recording of "The Christmas Song" still receives airplay every holiday season, even hitting the Billboard Top 40 in December 2017.[70]
En la cultura popular
Cole's music is used throughout Wong Kar-wai's romantic drama In the Mood for Love (2000) including the songs, "Aquellos Ojos Verdes", "Te Quiero Dijiste", "Quizás, Quizás, Quizás". Cole's song L-O-V-E was used at the beginning of Nancy Meyers' The Parent Trap (1998) with his daughter singing, Everlasting Love as the ending credits song. Cole's music was also used in Terence Davies' film The Long Day Closes (1990) including his rendition of The Long Day Closes.
Ver también
- List of African-American firsts
- List of Freemasons
- The Ethel Waters Show. Ethel Waters was the first black American to host an eponymous television program, broadcast in 1939 on the NBC experimental television station in New York City.
Referencias
- ^ Chilla, Mark (March 22, 2019). "Nat King Cole Centennial: Cole's Remarkable 1958". Indiana Public Media. Retrieved March 8, 2020.
- ^ [1] Archived February 13, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "NPR's Jazz Profiles: Freddy Cole". www.npr.org. Retrieved May 26, 2017.
- ^ a b "How I got the jazz gene: seven artists reveal their roots". thestar.com. Retrieved May 26, 2017.
- ^ "The Pittsburgh Courier from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on February 13, 1965 · Page 2". Newspapers.com. Retrieved May 26, 2017.
- ^ Hornsby Jr., Alton (August 23, 2011). Black America: A State-by-State Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. pp. 12–. ISBN 978-0-313-34112-0.
- ^ "From the Archives: Nat 'King' Cole dies of cancer at 45". Los Angeles Times. February 16, 1965. ISSN 0458-3035. Retrieved May 26, 2017.
- ^ SPIN Media (June 1990). SPIN. SPIN Media. pp. 1–.
- ^ Ruuth, Marianne (1992). Nat King Cole. Holloway House Publishing. pp. 32–. ISBN 978-0-87067-593-5.
- ^ Hinton, Rachel (August 9, 2018). "Bud Billiken Day Parade reaches 89th year". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved August 7, 2019.
- ^ Brewer Jr., John M. (June 20, 2007). Pittsburgh Jazz. Arcadia Publishing. pp. 37–. ISBN 978-1-4396-3464-6.
- ^ "Phillips High School is cradle of history". tribunedigital-chicagotribune. Retrieved May 26, 2017.
- ^ "Tracing the Highs and Tragic End of Sam Cooke". NPR. Retrieved May 26, 2017.
- ^ Bonner, Wilma F. (January 1, 2011). The Sumner Story: Capturing Our History Preserving Our Legacy. Morgan James Publishing. pp. 162–. ISBN 978-1-60037-782-2.
- ^ "Nat "King" Cole Is Born". History Channel. June 20, 2016. Retrieved May 26, 2017.
- ^ a b Ruhlmann, William. "Nat King Cole". AllMusic. Retrieved February 22, 2018.
- ^ a b Yanow, Scott (2000). Swing. San Francisco: Miller Freeman. p. 203. ISBN 978-0-87930-600-7.
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- ^ Cole recorded "The Christmas Song" four times — on June 14, 1946, with the Nat King Cole Trio; on August 19, 1946, with an added string section; on August 24, 1953; and in 1961 for the double album The Nat King Cole Story. The final version, recorded in stereo, is the one most often heard today.
- ^ "Billboard website". Billboard.com. Retrieved March 4, 2010.
- ^ Reed, Tom. (1992). The Black music history of Los Angeles, its roots : 50 years in Black music : a classical pictorial history of Los Angeles Black music of the 20s, 30s, 40s, 50s and 60s : photographic essays that define the people, the artistry and their contributions to the wonderful world of entertainment (1st, limited ed.). Los Angeles: Black Accent on L.A. Press. ISBN 096329086X. OCLC 28801394.
- ^ "Nat King Cole Star of Cavalcade" Headliner AD Los Angeles Sentinel May 28, 1953.
- ^ Chilton, Karen (October 15, 2009). "Hazel Scott's Lifetime of High Notes". smithsonian.com. Smithsonian. Retrieved November 30, 2016.
[Hazel Scott was] the first black performer to host her own nationally syndicated television show....
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The network supported this show from the beginning. From Mr. Sarnoff on down, they tried to sell it to agencies. They could have dropped it after the first thirteen weeks. Shows that made more money than mine were dropped. They offered me a new time at 7:00 p.m. on Saturdays on a cooperative basis, but I decided not to take it. I feel played out.
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- ^ "Famous Masons". Pinal Lodge No. 30. Archived from the original on December 24, 2011. Retrieved September 30, 2018.
member of Thomas Waller Lodge No. 49, of Los Angeles, CA, being initiated on January 9, 1944, the lodge appropriately named for another legendary jazz musician, Fats Waller, himself a Prince Hall Freemason.
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- ^ Eyewitness account published in the Birmingham News. Felts, Jim. Letter to the editor. December 15, 2007.
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- ^ Epstein 1999, p. 342.
- ^ Epstein 1999, p. 347.
- ^ 1634 to 1699: Harris, P. (1996). "Inflation and Deflation in Early America, 1634–1860: Patterns of Change in the British American Economy". Social Science History. 20 (4): 469–505. JSTOR 1171338. 1700-1799: McCusker, J. J. (1992). How much is that in real money?: a historical price index for use as a deflator of money values in the economy of the United States (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1800–present: Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. "Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–". Retrieved January 1, 2020.
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- ^ "Holiday Airplay". Billboard. January 10, 2015.
Otras lecturas
- Will Friedwald, Straighten Up and Fly Right: The Life and Music of Nat King Cole, Oxford University Press, 2020. ISBN 978-0190882044.
- Epstein, Daniel Mark (1999). Nat King Cole. New York: Farrar Straus Giroux. ISBN 978-0-374-21912-3.
- Bill Dobbins and Richard Wang. "Cole, Nat 'King'." Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online. Oxford University Press. Web. September 28, 2016.
- Pelote, Vincent. "Book Reviews: "Unforgettable: The Life and Mystique of Nat King Cole," by Leslie Gourse." Notes: Quarterly Journal of the Music Library Association, vol. 49, no. 3, 1993., pp. 1073–1074,
enlaces externos
- Nat King Cole at Find a Grave
- Nat King Cole at IMDb
- Nat King Cole at AllMusic
- Nat King Cole discography at Discogs
- Nat King Cole at NPR.org
- The Nat King Cole Society
- The Unforgettable Nat King Cole
- Biography at Tiscali Music
- Nat "King" Cole article in the Encyclopedia of Alabama
- "Nat King Cole". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.