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"Caldera (sistema operativo)" vuelve a dirigir aquí. Para el sistema operativo DOS, consulte OpenDOS .

Disputas SCO – Linux
Descripción general
Litigio
Empresas involucradas
Individuos involucrados
Otro

Caldera OpenLinux ( COL ) es una distribución de Linux extinta que fue introducida originalmente por Caldera en 1997 basada en la distribución alemana LST Power Linux , y luego asumida y desarrollada por Caldera Systems (ahora SCO Group ) desde 1998. Sucesora de Caldera Network Desktop creado por Caldera desde 1995, OpenLinux fue una de las primeras "distribuciones orientadas a los negocios" y presagió la dirección de los desarrollos que llegaron a la mayoría de las otras distribuciones ya la comunidad Linux en general. [ cita requerida ]

Novell Corsair [ editar ]

Corsair , una interfaz de usuario para NetWare , fue un proyecto dirigido porel Grupo de tecnología avanzada (ATG)de Novell Corporationentre 1993 y 1995. Novell quería un entorno de escritorio con conectividad a Internet y realizó una investigación sobre cómo integrar y administrarmejor y más fácilmente elacceso a la red para usuarios .El propio soporte de Windows para conectarse a redes Novell no mejoraría hasta versiones posteriores [1] e Internet estaba dominado por Unix.-sistemas operativos basados ​​en. En relación con sus necesidades, Novell consideró que los Unix de la época eran demasiado intensivos en hardware, demasiado grandes y cobraban demasiado en tarifas de licencia . [2]

Este grupo se convenció de que Linux ofrecía la mejor respuesta posible para el componente del sistema operativo . [ cuando? ] Había muchos otros componentes también, y estos fueron de particular interés: [ cita requerida ]

  • Willows, una API compatible con Microsoft Windows para sistemas Unix que permite la recompilación de programas de Windows para Linux. [3] [ cita requerida ]
  • Wine , una capa de compatibilidad para ejecutar software de Windows y DOS
  • Ferret, un navegador de reuniones [4]
  • WordPerfect , una aplicación de procesamiento de texto multiplataforma comprada por Novell en junio de 1994

El 5 de abril de 1994, la Junta de Novell contrató a Robert Frankenberg , director general del Grupo de Productos de Información Personal de Hewlett-Packard para reemplazar a Raymond John Noorda como director general de Novell. El precio de las acciones de Novell se había comportado mal recientemente debido al débil crecimiento. En Novell, la división de redes ( NSG ) crecía a un ritmo del 19% anual, la división comercial de Unix ( USG ) se mantenía plana y la división de aplicaciones de escritorio ( DSG ) se reducía a un ritmo de 400 millones de dólares al año. [ cita requerida ]

La iniciativa de Frankenberg fue reenfocar la empresa en redes y servicios de redes. En términos de Corsair, eso significaba deshacerse de la mayoría de las piezas. El Grupo de Tecnología Avanzada se disolvió, lo que cerró a Willows y el proyecto OS. Comenzaron las negociaciones que eventualmente llevarían a la venta de WordPerfect a Corel en enero de 1996. Ferret estaba en línea con la nueva dirección y este componente se mantuvo dentro de Novell.

A través de su Noorda Family Trust (NFT), Ray Noorda había fundado un grupo de inversión de capital de riesgo llamado Canopy Group dos años antes en 1992. Pensó que había una promesa sustancial tanto en el proyecto OS como en el proyecto Willows. Creó dos empresas, para continuar el trabajo iniciado en Novell. La "empresa API" se llamaba Willows Software, Inc. (fundada en 1993 [ cita requerida ] ) y la "empresa OS" se convirtió en Caldera, Inc. (fundada en octubre de 1994 e incorporada en enero de 1995).

La visión inicial de Noorda para Caldera era crear una versión de Linux basada en IPX que otorgaría la licencia de los componentes clave y revender esta tecnología a Novell para continuar con Internet Desktop . En efecto, en 1994 Caldera comenzó su vida como una especie de proyecto de subcontratación para Novell, [ cita requerida ] basado en una demostración de tecnología llamada Exposé . [5] [6] Caldera comenzó con diez empleados y la mayoría eran de Novell: Bryan Wayne Sparks , fundador / presidente (Novell); Bryce J. Burns, director de operaciones (Novell); Ransom H. Love, Vicepresidente de marketing (Novell); Greg Page, vicepresidente de ingeniería (Bell Labs, AT&T); y Craig Bradley, vicepresidente de ventas (Lotus, Word Perfect). [ cita requerida ]

Escritorio de la red Caldera [ editar ]

Escritorio de red Caldera
DesarrolladorCaldera
Familia OSLinux
Estado de trabajoDifunto
Versión inicial1995 (avances)
Lanzamiento final1.0 / 1996 ; Hace 25 años (1996)
Tipo de granoNúcleo monolítico
LicenciaMezclado
Parte posterior de la caja Caldera Network Desktop 1.0

En este punto de 1995 Ransom Love y Ray Noorda tomaron nota de las tecnologías que Caldera reunió, específicamente:

  • Caldera se basó en el kernel de Linux que se ejecutaba en arquitecturas x86 , PowerPC y Alpha . Caldera Network Desktop se basó en Red Hat Commercial Linux . [7] [8]
  • Su red de área amplia era mucho más avanzada que los sistemas operativos en red de Microsoft en ese momento ( Windows for Workgroups 3.11 y Windows NT 3.51 ), debido a que era similar a Unix .
  • Caldera incluía una versión del protocolo de red IPX de Novell y un cliente para NetWare .
  • El código de Willows Application Programming Interface para Windows (APIW) [ cita requerida ] escrito para el sistema operativo de Caldera se ejecutaría en Unix, Microsoft Windows y Apple Macintosh , así como en el propio sistema de Caldera.
  • Caldera también incorporó LISA (Instalación y administración de sistemas de Linux), [8] que había sido desarrollado por el equipo alemán de soporte de Linux (LST) para su propia distribución de Linux. [9]

Más que un simple componente para Novell, Caldera había ensamblado los componentes necesarios para crear una plataforma VAR . Sin embargo, Caldera enfrentó un problema de arranque . Las aplicaciones OEM VAR a menudo dependían de manera crucial de las aplicaciones comerciales de otras empresas . Dado que estas otras aplicaciones aún no se habían portado a Linux , no podían portar sus propias aplicaciones de manera significativa. Caldera respondió creando un paquete de aplicaciones binarias , que permitió a Linux ejecutar aplicaciones UnixWare y OpenServer , el proyecto Linux Application Binary Interface (ABI), [ cita requerida] y ayudando a Santa Cruz Operation (SCO) en la creación de las Personalidades del Kernel de Linux . [10] [ disputado (porque: LKP no llegó hasta años después)  - discutir ] Se trabajó en Linux Kernel Personalities para llevar la compatibilidad de aplicaciones Linux a SCO Unix (antes UnixWare) y OpenServer. " La idea era permitir que los desarrolladores escribieran tanto para Unix como para Linux, con una interfaz de programación de aplicaciones (API) y una interfaz binaria de aplicaciones (ABI) comunes. De esa manera, los desarrolladores no tenían que trabajar tan duro y los usuarios de Unix , la base de clientes que heredamos de SCO, podría ejecutar aplicaciones Linux " .[11] [en disputa (para: la fuente citada se refiere a la adquisición de Caldera International posterior a la SCO, no a la era de Caldera Network Desktop)  - discutir ]

Caldera también apoyó a Alan Cox en su trabajo sobre SMP . [ cuando? ] [12] Si Linux desplazara a Unix en la plataforma Intel x86, entonces Sun Microsystems no tendría una ruta Unix de gama baja. Este punto se vuelve más interesante a la luz del litigio de SCO ocho años después contra IBM en 2003. [ ¿relevante? ] Es decir, IBM no era la compañía involucrada en el trabajo de SMP, y además, la compañía más directamente involucrada es la compañía que luego se convirtió en el Grupo SCO , esencialmente SCO demandando a IBM por el trabajo que ella misma hizo. [ cita requerida ]

En 1995, cuando XFree86 todavía era muy difícil de configurar y poco confiable en la mayoría de los conjuntos de chips, Caldera había incluido Motif de MetroLink y Accelerated-X de XI Graphic . [13]

Lanzamientos conocidos:

  • Caldera Network Desktop 1.0 Vista previa I (1995-05) [14]
  • Caldera Network Desktop 1.0 Preview II (1995-09) con el kernel de Linux 1.2.13 [13]
  • Caldera Network Desktop 1.0 (programado para 1995-11, lanzado 1996-02-05 [15] )
  • Paquete de escritorio Caldera Network (programado para 1995-12, lanzado 1996-02-05)

Caldera Network Desktop se produjo y se vendió hasta marzo de 1997. [13]

Caldera OpenLinux [ editar ]

Caldera OpenLinux
DesarrolladorCaldera , Caldera Systems , Caldera International
Familia OSLinux
Estado de trabajoDifunto
Modelo fuenteMezclado
Versión inicial1997
Último lanzamiento3.1.1 / 2002 ; Hace 19 años (2002)
Tipo de granoNúcleo monolítico
LicenciaMezclado

Durante 1996, Caldera continuó siendo un actor valioso, por ejemplo, el 23 de mayo de 1996, en Linux Kongress en Berlín , Alemania, Caldera anunció sus planes para obtener las certificaciones POSIX y FIPS y la marca X / Open para UNIX 95 y XPG4 BASE. 95 para el kernel del sistema operativo Linux y "Open Linux". [dieciséis]

A diferencia de CND, OpenLinux estaba basado en LST Power Linux , una distribución derivada de Slackware que había sido mantenida por el equipo de soporte de Linux desde 1993 [17] y la primera en venir con un kernel de Linux 2.0. [9] En 1996, Linux Support Team creció hasta convertirse en la empresa LST Software GmbH de Stefan Probst y Ralf Flaxa (ahora LST significa Linux System Technology [17] ) en Erlangen , Alemania. El desarrollo de OpenLinux los llevó a convertirse en el centro de desarrollo alemán de Caldera Caldera Deutschland GmbH desde mayo de 1997. [9] [17]

El 23 de julio de 1996, Caldera compró Novell DOS y los activos restantes de Digital Research de Novell para empaquetar un DOS con su versión de Linux, lo que llevó a la creación de la distribución OpenDOS para ayudar a portar aplicaciones DOS. [18] [nb 1]

Caldera admitió el puerto Linux de StarOffice 3.1 con ca. 800.000 DM para ofrecer el producto con su próxima distribución OpenLinux en 1997. [19] [20] [21] [22]

En 1997, cuando se lanzó por primera vez la distribución OpenLinux, Caldera había adoptado la forma por la que sería más recordado. Caldera se había cambiado al producto Linux de gama alta. La distribución de Linux "empresarial" se hizo más rica con características con software propietario incluido . Sin embargo, se volvió menos orientado a la comunidad y se lanzó con menos frecuencia que otros Linux. [ cita requerida ] Otras diferencias incluyeron la configuración automatizada de herramientas de administración , personal de soporte técnico pagado , GUI predeterminada consistente incorporada y una variedad de aplicaciones compatibles .

Over the next[when?] five years, Caldera Systems offered additional commercial extensions to Linux. They licensed Sun's Wabi to allow people to run Windows applications under Linux. Additionally, they shipped with Linux versions of WordPerfect (from Novell and later Corel) and CorelDRAW. Since many of their customers used a dual boot setup and FIPS was unreliable, they shipped with PowerQuest's PartitionMagic to allow their customers to non-destructively repartition their hard disks.

In partnership with IBM they produced the first Linux distribution which was DB2 compatible. With the Oracle Corporation they became the target platform for the Linux port of the Oracle database.

Other ventures included starting the Blackdown Java project,[citation needed] and creating professional certification.

They also formed strong partnerships with SCO's value-added reseller market[when?] and started laying the groundwork for OEM sales of Unix-based vertical applications.

Caldera Systems offered three versions of OpenLinux:

  • OpenLinux Lite was a freely downloadable version.
  • OpenLinux Base was a USD 99 version with a few extensions.
  • OpenLinux Standard was USD 299 and was their fully featured product.

In addition to other people's applications, they created many Linux extensions to fill voids where no other commercial company was.

Caldera Systems began working[when?] on a Linux equivalent of replacing the Microsoft Exchange Server and Microsoft Outlook that would eventually become Volution Messaging Server, which offered calendaring/scheduling options with shared busy/free information, SSL support for e-mail and easy configuration.[23] Additionally, Caldera Deutschland created the first fully graphical installer for Linux, called Lizard, starting in November 1998.[24] They invented browser-based Unix system administration, created[citation needed] the webmin project, and employed its developer Jamie Cameron between 1999 and 2001.

Late Caldera Systems logo

Caldera Systems created a full featured GUI system administration tool called Caldera Open Administration System (COAS).[when?] The tool was a unified, easy to use administration tool with a modular design. With its scalability and broad scope abilities, it featured:[25][26]

  • Portability (specifics encapsulated in a platform repository)
  • Open development model
  • Flexible module licensing
  • Multiple user interfaces (batch processing, ncurses, QT, Java)
  • Scripting interface (Python) for rapid prototyping
  • Backward compatibility (works on native files, "vi admin" friendly)

OpenLinux showed the Linux community what would be required to create a mainstream desktop OS out of the Linux kernel. In many ways the last ten years[when?] of desktop progress has been to successfully implement what Caldera was attempting to do with the tools they had available using open source software in place of the closed applications. Their technique for this was to utilize commercial software to fill in the largest gaps making their product a "value add" and thus they could charge for it. It made them the most commercial and at the same time it made them the most advanced distribution available.

The desktop company became Caldera International under the direction of Ransom Love.[dubious – discuss]

The focus for the desktop company became mainly marketing and business relationships. There were several reasons for this. The first was that Caldera had won a $280 million[27] lawsuit against Microsoft for DR-DOS and was flush with cash.[citation needed] Secondly, while the Caldera distribution was good, its primary advantages were the use of technologies not owned by Caldera and thus if Caldera were successful its success could (from a technical standpoint) be imitated, by Red Hat, SUSE, TurboLinux, etc. Third, for years Caldera had been competing directly with SCO Unix, but by 1997 Linux outperformed SCO in almost every respect.[citation needed]

Making the choice to switch from SCO to Caldera was not a "no-brainer" for companies because that also meant a switch of vendors and support organizations. Caldera's SCO acquisition was aimed at eliminating this problem. That is Caldera International's corporate direction became to combine SCO's distribution, marketing and VAR arm with LAMP, and use Project Monterey to develop a 64-bit strategy. What SCO offered was:[28]

  • A strong list of business clients.
  • Higher compatibility between SCO and Linux than any other Unix/Linux combination, mainly as a result of Caldera's long standing SCO focus that created products like ABI and thus resulted in ports of SCO code to Linux
  • A good back-office and database solution while Linux specialized in networking (LAMP) and client desktop, a very appealing combination in challenging Sun and Microsoft
  • A global infrastructure (presence in about 80 countries), Caldera was domestic
  • Thousands of business applications targeted to vertical markets
  • Some of the 3rd party components needed to get HP-UX, AIX, Solaris 3rd party Java applications ported to Linux

From a technical standpoint however Caldera OpenLinux really shone during the Ransom Love years. Their commercial bundling solution continued to work. They had a powerful low bug (by Linux standards) distribution that worked well on a wide range of hardware. They charged a great deal relative to other distributions and were able to generate a very strong profit. Red Hat pulled way ahead of them in terms of US sales and on the global sales front they trailed SUSE and TurboLinux as well, but financially due to the DR-DOS settlement they were the strongest of all the Linux distributions.[disputed (for: refuted by events – Red Hat survived in the Linux business, Caldera did not)  – discuss]

Known releases (incomplete):

  • Caldera OpenLinux Lite/Base/Standard(/Deluxe) 1.0 (1997) with Linux kernel 2.0.25
  • Caldera OpenLinux Lite/Base/Standard 1.1 (1997)
  • Caldera OpenLinux Lite/Base/Standard 1.2 (1998-04-17)
  • Caldera Systems OpenLinux Lite/Base 1.3 (1998-09-28) with Linux kernel 2.0.35[29]
  • Caldera Systems OpenLinux 1.4[citation needed]
  • Caldera Systems OpenLinux 2.2 (1999-04-19) with Linux kernel 2.2.xx
  • Caldera Systems OpenLinux eDesktop/eServer 2.3 (1999) with Linux kernel 2.2.10
  • Caldera Systems OpenLinux eServer 2.3.1
  • Caldera Systems OpenLinux eDesktop/eBuilder 2.4
  • Caldera Systems OpenLinux eBuilder 3.0
  • Caldera International OpenLinux Workstation/Server 3.1 (2001) with Linux kernel 2.4.2
  • Caldera International OpenLinux Workstation/Server 3.1.1 (2002) with Linux kernel 2.4.xx

Other products:

  • Caldera NetWare for Linux 1.0 (1998)[30]

United Linux[edit]

Main article: United Linux
United Linux mascot

Caldera Systems quickly found itself in a classic business problem where the interests of the existing business conflicted with their growth model. Santa Cruz Operation (SCO) was a much larger company than Caldera Systems had been, and in fact of the $71 million of revenue 90% was from the SCO side of the business. Moreover, Caldera Systems costs $4 in marketing to generate a $1 in sales,[31] SCO was mature and sold itself (mainly to repeat customers). The VAR relationship was even more problematic. Caldera Systems had always sold the "Linux is SCO but better" model and had done everything possible to make the transition from SCO to Caldera Systems relatively seamless. Each of the 14,000 SCO resellers made much more from each SCO sale than from sales of Caldera Systems, so they were not anxious to move existing customers from SCO to Linux; and even those, that were supportive of Linux, saw no strong value add for Caldera Systems and often sold Red Hat Enterprise Linux. Caldera Systems had two businesses in direct competition, one, which was a shrinking, but still profitable Unix business, the other a rapidly growing business, that was still hemorrhaging money.

The most logical solution was to establish Caldera Systems as the premier Linux brand. Without the threat from Red Hat, transitioning resellers from SCO to Caldera Systems would be much easier. With this in mind Ransom Love formed an alliance of large business oriented Linux distributions which utilized the KDE desktop, called United Linux. The alliance comprised Caldera International, SUSE Linux, Turbolinux, and Conectiva. Filings from Novell in the SCO Group SCO v. Novell lawsuit showed that this was more than simply a marketing gimmick, and was a real alliance.[32]

Business responded favorably to the movement as IBM and AMD quickly formed partnerships. The Linux Professional Institute adopted United Linux as their standard distribution for training. For the first time there was a Linux distribution with:

  • Global scope
  • Global support at the VAR, OEM and distribution level
  • A full training organization
  • Some governmental buy-in
  • Support from major corporations
  • Enterprise applications like Oracle supported out of the box
  • An actual production GUI that ran well on a variety of hardware

SUSE Linux had the engineering, as it had continued to maintain a large technical staff, Caldera International had the global support organization, and Turbo Linux as well as Conectiva brought with growth potential into less flooded markets. This merger was so successful,[disputed (for: in actuality, UnitedLinux was regarded with skepticism by industry observers when it was first announced, and it collapsed less than two years later)  – discuss] that Love and Sparks could claim vindication that year when Novell reversed the Frankenberg decision and brought United Linux engineering talent back into the fold with the acquisition of SUSE.

United Linux was rejected by the broader Linux community;[33] the use of per-seat licensing was their most highly controversial decision.[34] More importantly, by the time United Linux was released, Darl McBride had become CEO of Caldera International and the focus had shifted away from Linux.

Caldera International at this point released a Caldera "Linux distribution"[citation needed][ (November 2019)">clarification needed] with the OpenUNIX 8 kernel instead of the Linux kernel. Unix has TLI and STREAMS support, which made writing drivers easier. Caldera International proved this by replacing the kernel and yet not having to change much else on a full featured desktop and server "Linux".[35][36]

Copyright infringement allegations[edit]

Further information: SCO-Linux controversies

In 2002, the Caldera International board of directors, including Ralph Yarro, named Darl McBride, formerly with Franklin-Covey, as CEO. The company was renamed The SCO Group. Ransom Love was reassigned to work exclusively on United Linux. After he completed this, he left the company to join Progeny Linux Systems which was aiming to create a professional Debian. He remained there in the capacity of a board member and advisor[37] until 30 April 2007 when Progeny ceased operations.

McBride began to focus on SCO's copyrights. One of McBride's first acts as CEO was to collect $600,000 in back licensing fees that were owed to Caldera International. He cleaned up various Linux-related licensing issues allowing for a new round of financing.[38] Soon thereafter he made strong accusations that Linux had infringed copyrights SCO held on Unix; they claimed to have purchased these copyrights from Novell. Novell denied selling them the Unix copyright, prompting them to sue for slander of title. SCO also initiated lawsuits against IBM and AutoZone, alleging copyright infringements through the use or distribution of Linux; none of these lawsuits have been resolved. SCO has created a division, SCOsource, that owns and licenses their intellectual property; a desktop license is $699.

See also[edit]

  • Caldera Systems Smallfoot
  • Lineo Embedix
  • Novell SUSE Linux
  • Novell UnixWare
  • Star Trek project
  • Caldera DR-WebSpyder

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ This has not been the first time a member of the DR-DOS family of operating systems was chosen to support DOS programs under a Unix-style system: Novell DOS 7's predecessor DR DOS 6.0 had been bundled into Univel's UnixWare 1.0 Personal Edition with DOS Merge 3.0 in 1992 already.

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Windows Desktop Products History - 1993: Windows for Workgroups 3.11". Microsoft. Retrieved 2008-09-24.
  2. ^ "Caldera and Corsair - Who is Caldera, and what is Corsair, really?". Linux Journal. 1995-06-01. Retrieved 2008-09-24.
  3. ^ "willows TWIN". Free Software Directory. Retrieved 2014-05-07.
  4. ^ "Ferret Meeting Browser - User Guide". Idiap research institute. Archived from the original on 2008-09-17. Retrieved 2008-09-24.
  5. ^ Staff (1994-04-25). "Novell Brewing a New 32-Bit GUI Environment". PC Week. [1]
  6. ^ CBR Staff Writer (1994-05-27). "Novell "Has Linux-based Unix+Novell DOS 7 Corsair"". Computer Business Review (CBR).
  7. ^ Petreley, Nicholas (1996-02-19). "Down to the Wire - Hot Caldera rates a look as an Internet service, maybe even for desktops". InfoWorld: 108. Retrieved 2017-06-25.
  8. ^ a b Hughes, Phil (June 1996). "Caldera Network Desktop 1.0". Linux Journal (26). Archived from the original on 2018-08-05. Retrieved 2018-08-05.
  9. ^ a b c "LST Software GmbH Merges With Caldera Inc. - Critically acclaimed European Linux developers strengthen Caldera's Commitment". PR Newswire, Linux Congress. 1997-05-23. Archived from the original on 2012-09-13. Retrieved 2018-08-06.
  10. ^ "Linux Kernel Personality for UnixWare 7". SCO Group, Inc. Archived from the original on 2011-07-16. Retrieved 2008-09-24.
  11. ^ Vaughan-Nichols, Steven (2003-09-25). "Ransom Love, Co-founder of Caldera and SCO, Speaks of Unix, GPL and the Lawsuit". eWeek.com. Retrieved 2008-09-24.
  12. ^ Cox, Alan. "Re: BKL removal". Unix Systems Support Group. Archived from the original on 2003-11-28. Retrieved 2008-09-24.
  13. ^ a b c Leibovitch, Evan (July 1997). "Caldera OpenLinux". Linux Gazette (19). Archived from the original on 2018-08-06. Retrieved 2018-08-06.
  14. ^ "linux announce - View topic - COMMERCIAL: Caldera Network Desktop now shipping". www.linuxmisc.com. Retrieved 2017-09-21.
  15. ^ "Caldera Network Desktop 1.0 now shipping [long]". marc.info. Retrieved 2017-09-21.
  16. ^ Fisk, John M. (1996-07-30). "Caldera OpenLinux seeking POSIX and FIPS Certification for the Linux OS". Linux Gazette. Retrieved 2008-09-24.
  17. ^ a b c "Historie" (in German). LST - Verein zur Förderung freier Software e.V. 2018 [2001]. Archived from the original on 2018-08-04. Retrieved 2018-08-04.
  18. ^ "Software Developer Caldera sues Microsoft for Antitrust practices alleges monopolistic acts shut its DR DOS operating system out of market". Salt Lake City, UT, USA: Caldera News. 1996-07-24. Archived from the original on 2017-06-24. Retrieved 2017-06-24.
  19. ^ Brors, Dieter (1997-02-20). "Caldera OpenLinux und StarOffice im Bundle" (in German). Heise online. Archived from the original on 2018-08-08. Retrieved 2018-08-08.
  20. ^ "Produkt-Telegramme: Star Office 3.1 für Linux portiert". Computerwoche (in German). 1997-05-16. Archived from the original on 2018-08-06. Retrieved 2018-08-08.
  21. ^ Strobl, Rudolf (January 2003). "Der Gründer über Gestern, Heute und Linux". Linux Magazin (in German). 2003 (1). 100. Archived from the original on 2018-08-08. Retrieved 2018-08-08. [2]
  22. ^ Bantle, Ulrich (October 2017). "Linux-Distributionen und frühe Protagonisten aus Deutschland". Linux Magazin (in German). 2017 (10). Archived from the original on 2018-08-05. Retrieved 2018-08-05. [3] [4]
  23. ^ Kirch, Olaf (2002-05-04). "Caldera Volution Messaging Server: A Product Review". Linux Journal. Retrieved 2008-09-24.
  24. ^ "The Openlinux Lizard". rant.gulbrandsen.priv.no. Retrieved 2017-09-21.
  25. ^ "COAS". NLUUG. 1998-06-23. Archived from the original on 2007-09-28. Retrieved 2009-03-16.
  26. ^ "COAS: A Flexible Approach to System Administration Tools". Linux Journal. 1999-02-01. Retrieved 2008-09-24.
  27. ^ "Exhibits to Microsoft's Cross Motion for Summary Judgment in Novell WordPerfect Case". Groklaw. 2009-11-23. Archived from the original on 2013-08-21. Retrieved 2011-10-22.
  28. ^ "Ransom Love Interview and Caldera Systems, Inc at Comdex Fall 2000". LWN.net. Retrieved 2008-09-24.
  29. ^ "CALDERA SYSTEMS INC. RELEASES OPENLINUX 1.3 WITH KDE AND SYBASE ASE". www.prnewswire.co.uk. Retrieved 2017-09-21.
  30. ^ [5]
  31. ^ Stone, Brad (July 2004). "The Linux Killer". Wired. Retrieved 2006-11-13.
  32. ^ "Novell's, Inc.'s Motion to Stay" (PDF). Groklaw. 2006-04-10. Retrieved 2008-09-24.
  33. ^ Mueller, Dietmar (2001-06-25). "Open source leaders duke it out". ZDNet. Archived from the original on 2007-03-27. Retrieved 2008-09-24.
  34. ^ "Timothy R. Butler Interview". OfB.biz. Retrieved 2008-09-24.
  35. ^ One of the main features of Caldera Open Unix 8 is the LKP, which stands for Linux Kernel Personality. It's a Linux kernel running at the same time as the Unix kernel. It's a full install of Caldera OpenLinux 3.1 on top of Open Unix 8.1.49 from OpenUNIX 8 FAQ
  36. ^ The result is transparent execution of Open UNIX 8 (or UnixWare 7) applications and most Linux applications, which will run without modification or recompilation. from Caldera, SCO Unveil Open UNIX 8 Press Release 2001-03-26
  37. ^ "Board of Directors". Progeny.com. Archived from the original on 2006-05-09. Retrieved 2008-09-24.
  38. ^ Shankland, Stephen (2002-07-27). "Struggling Linux company swaps CEOs". CNET. Retrieved 2008-09-24.

Further reading[edit]

  • Ransom Love on the SCO merger
  • More on finances of the SCO merger
  • Darl McBride's early successes in the IP battles
  • Ransom Love editorial on the value of the Linux Standard Base
  • In addition to the litigation SCO initiated Red Hat has sued SCO
  • December 1995 review of Caldera Desktop Linux
  • A comparative review from seven months later

External links[edit]

  • Groklaw has an extended discussion of the Linux ABI
  • An advertisement white-paper from March 2001 Red Hat to Caldera. This pushes the "product not a distribution" philosophy.
  • Ralf Flaxa's LST was a major contributor for the original Caldera Desktop