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Elections to the United States House of Representatives were held in 1872 and 1873 for representatives to the 43rd Congress, coinciding with the re-election of U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant.

Grant's Republican Party increased its majority greatly at the expense of the opposition Democratic Party. The pro-industry outlook of the Republicans appealed to many Northern voters, especially as the post-war economy exploded, and this allowed the party to flourish as the Industrial Revolution grew more widespread. The Republicans also benefited from a continuing association with Civil War victory as well as disarray amongst Democratic leadership.

Election summaries

Following the 1870 Census, the House was reapportioned, initially adding 40 seats,[1] followed by a subsequent amendment to the apportionment act adding another seat to 9 states,[2] resulting in a total increase of 49 seats. No states lost seats, 10 states had no change, 13 states gained 1 seat each, 9 states gained 2 seats, 3 states gained 3 seats, 1 State gained 4 seats, and 1 State gained 5 seats. Prior to the supplemental act, two states (New Hampshire and Vermont) had each lost 1 seat. This was the first reapportionment after the repeal of the three-fifths compromise by the 14th Amendment.

Election dates

In 1845, Congress passed a law providing for a uniform nationwide date for choosing Presidential electors.[3] This law did not affect election dates for Congress, which remained within the jurisdiction of State governments, but over time, the States moved their Congressional elections to this date as well. In 1872–73, there were still 9 states with earlier election dates, and 2 states with later election dates:

  • Early elections (1872):
    • June 4 Oregon
    • August 1 North Carolina
    • August 27 West Virginia
    • September 3 Vermont
    • September 9 Maine
    • October 8 Indiana, Nebraska, Ohio, Pennsylvania
  • Late elections (1873):
    • March 11, 1873 New Hampshire
    • April 7, 1873 Connecticut

Special elections

  • Connecticut 1: 1872
  • Georgia 8: 1873
  • Louisiana 4: 1872
  • Louisiana 4: 1873
  • Massachusetts 3: 1873
  • Oregon at-large: 1873
  • Pennsylvania 13: 1872

Alabama

Arkansas

California

A new seat was added, following the 1870 U.S. Census, bringing the delegation up from three to four Representatives.

Connecticut

Delaware

Florida

Florida gained a second seat after the 1870 census, but delayed districting until 1874, electing both Representatives at-large for this election.

Georgia

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Louisiana

In the newly-formed at-large district, George A. Sheridan (Liberal Republican) beat P. B. S. Pinchback (Republican), the first black Governor of Louisiana.[4] Pinchback challenged the election and it was settled in February 1875, in Sheridan's favor, only one month before the end of the Congress.

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

Nebraska

Nevada

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New York

North Carolina

Ohio

After redistricting and eleven retirements, only four of the nineteen incumbents were re-elected.

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

South Carolina

Tennessee

Texas

Vermont

Virginia

West Virginia

Wisconsin

Wisconsin elected eight members of congress on Election Day, November 5, 1872. Two seats were newly added in reapportionment after the 1870 census.[25][26]

Non-voting delegates

Colorado Territory

Dakota Territory

Idaho Territory

Montana Territory

Wyoming Territory

See also

  • 1872 United States elections
    • 1872 United States presidential election
    • 1872 and 1873 United States Senate elections
  • 42nd United States Congress
  • 43rd United States Congress

Notes

  1. ^ In the majority of states; 11 states held elections on different dates between June 4, 1872 and April 7, 1873.
  2. ^ Includes 1 Independent Republican.
  3. ^ a b c Includes 1 Independent Democrat, John J. Davis, elected to WV-01.
  4. ^ a b c d Includes 1 Liberal Republican.
  5. ^ a b Elections held late.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i Elections held early.
  7. ^ Includes 4 Liberal Republicans.

References

  1. ^ 17 Stat. 28
  2. ^ 17 Stat. 192
  3. ^ 5 Stat. 721: 28th Congress, 2nd Sess., Ch. 1, enacted January 23, 1845
  4. ^ "Our Campaigns - LA - At Large Race - Nov 05, 1872". www.ourcampaigns.com.
  5. ^ "MS - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 10, 2021.
  6. ^ "MS - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 10, 2021.
  7. ^ "MS - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
  8. ^ "MS - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 10, 2021.
  9. ^ "MS - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 10, 2021.
  10. ^ "MS - District 06". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 10, 2021.
  11. ^ Smith, Joseph P, ed. (1898). History of the Republican Party in Ohio. I. Chicago: the Lewis Publishing Company. p. 306.
  12. ^ "TN - At Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 20, 2021.
  13. ^ "TN - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 20, 2021.
  14. ^ "TN - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 20, 2021.
  15. ^ "TN - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 20, 2021.
  16. ^ "TN - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 20, 2021.
  17. ^ "TN - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 20, 2021.
  18. ^ "TN - District 06". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 20, 2021.
  19. ^ "TN - District 07". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 20, 2021.
  20. ^ "TN - District 08". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 20, 2021.
  21. ^ "TN - District 09". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 20, 2021.
  22. ^ "WV District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 15, 2021.
  23. ^ "WV District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 15, 2021.
  24. ^ "WV District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 15, 2021.
  25. ^ "Wisconsin U.S. House Election Results" (PDF). Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 5, 2012. Retrieved May 24, 2020.
  26. ^ Turner, A. J., ed. (1874). "Official directory". The legislative manual of the state of Wisconsin (Report). Madison, Wisconsin: State of Wisconsin. pp. 444–445. Retrieved May 24, 2020.
  27. ^ "Our Campaigns - CO Territorial Delegate Race - Nov 05, 1872". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved May 21, 2020.
  28. ^ "DK Territorial Delegate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 6, 2021.
  29. ^ "ID Territorial Delegate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 3, 2021.
  30. ^ "MT Territorial Delegate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 4, 2021.
  31. ^ "WY Territorial Delegate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 11, 2021.

Bibliography

  • Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
  • Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
  • Moore, John L., ed. (1994). Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections (Third ed.). Congressional Quarterly Inc. ISBN 978-0871879967.
  • "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.

External links

  • Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)