Acetil-CoA


Acetil-CoA ( acetil coenzima A ) es una molécula que participa en muchas reacciones bioquímicas en el metabolismo de proteínas, carbohidratos y lípidos . [2] Su función principal es entregar el grupo acetilo al ciclo del ácido cítrico (ciclo de Krebs) para ser oxidado para la producción de energía. La coenzima A (CoASH o CoA) consta de un grupo β-mercaptoetilamina unido a la vitamina ácido pantoténico (B5) a través de un enlace amida [3]y ADP fosforilado en 3'. El grupo acetilo (indicado en azul en el diagrama estructural de la derecha) de la acetil-CoA está unido al sustituyente sulfhidrilo del grupo β-mercaptoetilamina. Este enlace tioéster es un enlace de "alta energía", que es particularmente reactivo. La hidrólisis del enlace tioéster es exergónica (−31,5 kJ/mol).

La CoA se acetila a acetil-CoA por la descomposición de los carbohidratos a través de la glucólisis y por la descomposición de los ácidos grasos a través de la β-oxidación . Acetil-CoA luego ingresa al ciclo del ácido cítrico, donde el grupo acetilo se oxida a dióxido de carbono y agua, y la energía liberada se captura en forma de 11 ATP y un GTP por grupo acetilo. GTP es el equivalente de ATP y pueden ser interconvertidos por nucleósido-difosfato quinasa . [4]

Konrad Bloch y Feodor Lynen fueron galardonados con el Premio Nobel de Fisiología y Medicina de 1964 por sus descubrimientos que relacionan el metabolismo de la acetil-CoA y los ácidos grasos. Fritz Lipmann ganó el Premio Nobel en 1953 por su descubrimiento del cofactor coenzima A. [5]

Haga clic en genes, proteínas y metabolitos a continuación para visitar las páginas de Gene Wiki y los artículos relacionados de Wikipedia. La ruta se puede descargar y editar en WikiPathways .


Reacción del complejo piruvato deshidrogenasa
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