Bishop's Stortford es una histórica ciudad comercial en Hertfordshire , Inglaterra, justo al oeste de la autopista M11 en el límite del condado con Essex , a 43 km al noreste del centro de Londres y a 56 km en tren desde Liverpool Street. estación . Bishop's Stortford tenía una población estimada de 40,815 en 2019. [2]
Stortford del obispo | |
---|---|
Mirando hacia abajo Windhill hacia el centro de la ciudad | |
Stortford del obispo Ubicación dentro de Hertfordshire | |
Población | 40 089 (2011) [1] |
Referencia de la cuadrícula del sistema operativo | TL495215 |
Parroquia civil |
|
Distrito | |
Condado de Shire | |
Región | |
País | Inglaterra |
Estado soberano | Reino Unido |
Ciudad de postes | STORTFORD DEL OBISPO |
Distrito de código postal | CM22, CM23 |
Código telefónico | 01279 |
Policía | Hertfordshire |
Fuego | Hertfordshire |
Ambulancia | Este de Inglaterra |
Parlamento del Reino Unido | |
Historia
No se sabe nada de Bishop's Stortford hasta que se convirtió en un pequeño asentamiento romano en Stane Street , la calzada romana que une Braughing y Colchester . El asentamiento probablemente fue abandonado en el siglo V después de la desintegración del Imperio Romano. [3]
Un nuevo asentamiento sajón creció en el sitio, llamado Steort-vado , el vado en la lengua de la tierra. [4] En 1060, William, obispo de Londres , compró la mansión y finca de Stortford por £ 8, lo que llevó al nombre moderno de la ciudad. En el momento del Libro de Domesday, el pueblo tenía una población de alrededor de 120. Los normandos construyeron un edificio de madera de motte y muralla conocido como Castillo de Waytemore (ver más abajo).
Solo la pila bautismal sobrevive de la iglesia normanda de San Miguel, que fue reconstruida a principios del siglo XV y modificada y restaurada en los siglos XVII y XIX. Su llamativo campanario y su aguja fueron construidos en 1812.
A pesar de los brotes de la peste en los siglos XVI y XVII, la ciudad continuó creciendo, alcanzando una población de aproximadamente 1.200.
El río Stort lleva el nombre de la ciudad, y no la ciudad después del río. Cuando los cartógrafos visitaron la ciudad en el siglo XVI, razonaron que la ciudad debe haber sido nombrada por el vado sobre el río y asumieron que el río se llamaba Stort. [5]
Después de 1769, el río Stort se hizo navegable y la ciudad se convirtió en una parada en la carretera del correo entre Cambridge y Londres.
En 1801, Bishop's Stortford era una ciudad comercial y se había establecido una bolsa de maíz , mientras que la principal industria era la maltería . En 1842, el ferrocarril llegó a Bishop's Stortford. Otro avance victoriano fue la apertura de un hospital en 1895.
En 1901 la población superó los 7.000 habitantes. La casa de 1901 conocida como Carfield Castle se usó como tocho de oficiales en la Primera Guerra Mundial . [ cita requerida ]
Durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial , Bishop's Stortford fue el centro de evacuación de muchos británicos, incluido el Clapton Girls Technology College . En 1951, la población de Bishop's Stortford había llegado a 13.000 y el crecimiento como ciudad de cercanías continuó durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX. La autopista M11 , el aeropuerto de Stansted y las conexiones ferroviarias con Londres y Cambridge contribuyeron a su aumento de población a casi 38.000 en el momento del censo de 2011. [1]
De los siete suburbios de Thorley , Thorley Park, Havers, Snowley Bishop's Park, St Michael's Mead y Hockerill, el último es una parroquia eclesiástica separada al este del río Stort, centrada alrededor de las antiguas posadas de autocares, All Saints en Stansted Road y el ferrocarril. estación . El desarrollo de la posguerra ha ampliado aún más el área de la ciudad.
Incidentes
En marzo y abril de 1825, se incendiaron varios edificios en Bishop's Stortford, lo que provocó una gran alarma. Un comité que se formó ofreció una recompensa de £ 500 por información sobre el pirómano. Se recibieron varias cartas de amenaza, advirtiendo, por ejemplo, que "Stortford será reducido a cenizas". [6] Thomas Rees fue arrestado y declarado culpable del cargo de enviar las cartas, pero no de incendio premeditado. Fue transportado a Australia como preso.
En 1935 la iglesia parroquial de Todos los Santos fue destruida por un incendio, y en 1937 se erigió en su lugar una nueva iglesia, con un diseño espacioso, luminoso y aireado por el arquitecto Stephen Dykes Bower . Este es un edificio catalogado de Grado II y la torre domina el horizonte oriental de la ciudad. La iglesia contiene un notable rosetón diseñado por Hugh Ray Easton y un órgano Henry Willis II de dos manuales . Allí también se celebran conciertos.
El 28 de agosto de 2007, dos hombres y un adolescente fueron asesinados a tiros en Plaw Hatch Close. Dos mujeres resultaron gravemente heridas en el ataque vespertino. La presencia policial se incrementó drásticamente después del incidente. Sin embargo, las tasas de criminalidad en la ciudad están muy por debajo del promedio nacional. [7] [8]
Montículo del castillo
Waytemore comenzó como un castillo de motte y bailey en la época de Guillermo el Conquistador . Una gran torre rectangular se añadió a la mota en el siglo XII. Se mejoró en el siglo XIII bajo el reinado de Juan y se otorgó una licencia para almenar a mediados del siglo XIV. Perdió importancia después de la Guerra Civil y fue utilizada como prisión en el siglo XVII.
Ahora solo se pueden ver los movimientos de tierra, la gran mota y los cimientos de una torre cuadrada.
Demografía
- Población: 37.838 [1]
- Edad media: 36,0
- Jubilados: 15,93%
- Desempleados: 1,63%
- Educado a nivel de grado: 25,83%
- Estudiantes a tiempo completo: 2,27% (864)
- Total de migrantes: 12,68% (4.829)
- Distancia media recorrida hasta el lugar de trabajo fijo: 19,18 km
Reurbanización
El centro de la ciudad ha sufrido recientemente cambios con la demolición de un aparcamiento de varios pisos y sus alrededores para dar paso a una nueva zona del centro de la ciudad y apartamentos y áticos tipo ciudad en la orilla del río y en otros lugares. Jackson Square (un moderno complejo comercial) fue reconstruido y se agregó una extensión. La finca de Havers, en las afueras de la ciudad, está siendo remodelada con nuevas casas y pisos. Bishop's Stortford es útil para una gran cantidad de pueblos de Hertfordshire y Essex en su área, ya que la mayoría de los pueblos cercanos son pequeños.
Artes de South Mill
El complejo South Mill Arts incorpora un teatro, cine, estudio de danza e instalaciones para conferencias. Dentro del complejo, en la casa donde nació Cecil Rhodes , se encuentra el Bishop's Stortford Museum. Tiene una colección de historia local, una colección única relacionada con Rodas y el Imperio Británico en África, así como una galería de exposiciones temporales. [9]
Anteriormente llamado Rhodes Arts Complex, el 24 de agosto de 2020 el complejo artístico pasó a llamarse South Mill Arts en respuesta a las protestas de Black Lives Matter contra el racismo institucional. [10]
Política
En las elecciones nacionales de 2017, Mark Prisk fue elegido por el Partido Conservador para el distrito electoral de Bishop's Stortford, Hertford y Stortford , con la mayoría de los votos emitidos (60,3%). Julie Marson lo sucedió en las elecciones generales de 2019. La circunscripción cubre muchos otros asentamientos, incluido Hertford .
Un tema político controvertido para la ciudad se relaciona con la expansión del aeropuerto de Stansted . Un grupo de protesta llamado Stop Stansted Expansion se opone al crecimiento en el aeropuerto y planea una segunda pista.
La ciudad tiene un Consejo Juvenil de estudiantes de las escuelas locales, pero se dice que el Ayuntamiento está "revisando [su] funcionamiento en relación con sus responsabilidades". [11]
La Liga Monárquica Internacional y la Asociación de la Monarquía Constitucional operan desde la misma dirección en Bishop's Stortford. [12]
En diciembre de 2011, el consejo conservador de Bishop's Stortford votó 13 a 3 a favor de cancelar su estado de hermanamiento con Friedberg in der Wetterau en Alemania y Villiers-sur-Marne en Francia. Se cree que el sentimiento anti-UE en el partido conservador de base estuvo detrás de la votación. [13] La asociación de hermanamiento de ciudades continuó sin el respaldo del consejo, pero finalmente se retiró en enero de 2020. [14]
Economía y negocios
Bishop's Stortford es una zona próspera, en parte debido a su condición de ciudad de cercanías para trabajadores principalmente financieros en Londres. La ciudad también alberga a muchas personas que trabajan en la industria turística, incluidos hoteles, catering y personal de aerolíneas, ya que es la ciudad grande más cercana al aeropuerto de Stansted. En total, alrededor del 85 por ciento trabaja en el sector de servicios (censo de 2001). Stortford de obispo es servido por tanto de la calle cadenas de tiendas y tiendas de la familia de larga data. Las principales calles comerciales son South Street, Potter Street, North Street y Hockerill Street. Hay un moderno complejo comercial llamado Jackson Square. Los días de mercado son los jueves y sábados, que consisten en una selección de puestos con una variedad de productos que incluyen bolsas y equipaje, flores, tarjetas y ropa.
La Cámara de Comercio de Bishop's Stortford es la organización empresarial más grande de la ciudad. Defiende activamente los proyectos e intereses locales a nivel local, regional y gubernamental. Business Stortford es una iniciativa creada para mostrar la ubicación única de la ciudad y alentar a las empresas del Reino Unido, Europa y más allá a reubicarse o expandir sus operaciones en el área. Está dirigido a empresas europeas que buscan una base en el Reino Unido, empresas internacionales que desean una ubicación bien conectada en Europa y empresas del Reino Unido que buscan conexiones de transporte aéreo de primera clase con Europa. Business Stortford cuenta con el respaldo de la Cámara de Comercio Stortford de Bishop y el apoyo de Hertfordshire Local Enterprise Partnership.
Los medios de comunicación locales
Bishop's Stortford tiene un periódico local, el Bishop's Stortford Independent con sede en 12 North Street, que ha sido el hogar de publicaciones en la ciudad desde 1861. [15]
Transporte
Bishop's Stortford debe su continuo crecimiento a la evolución del transporte.
Carril
La estación de tren Bishop's Stortford está en la línea principal de West Anglia y se abrió por primera vez en 1842. Hubo 3,18 millones de entradas y salidas de pasajeros en Bishop's Stortford en 2017/18. [16] Todos los trenes funcionan bajo la franquicia East Anglia , y la mayoría de los servicios hacen escala en la estación operada por Greater Anglia .
Los trenes de Greater Anglia brindan a Bishop's Stortford un enlace directo hacia el sur con Harlow , Tottenham Hale y London Liverpool Street , con muchos servicios que hacen escala en estaciones intermedias. También opera un servicio directo a Stratford en East London , que hace escala en la mayoría de las estaciones intermedias.
Los servicios en dirección norte conectan Bishop's Stortford con Cambridge y, en ciertos momentos, con Ely y King's Lynn .
Los servicios de Stansted Express hacen escala en la estación, lo que proporciona a Bishop's Stortford un enlace directo al aeropuerto de Stansted . Los servicios en dirección sur hacen escala en Tottenham Hale, a la que se puede llegar en menos de 30 minutos, y en la estación de Liverpool Street. [17]
Con la ciudad de Londres menos de una hora de distancia, la estación de tren de Bishop Bishop coloca el casco en el Área metropolitana de Londres , pero Transport for London 's Oyster Cards no son válidos para viajar a Bishop Bishop. [18]
La estación de metro Epping de la línea Central está a unas 12 millas (19 km) de Bishop's Stortford.
Camino
La autopista M11 pasa al este de Bishop's Stortford. La salida 8 une la autopista con la ciudad, y la M11 transporta el tráfico desde Bishop's Stortford directamente a Cambridge , Harlow y Londres . Cuando la carretera pasa por la ciudad, Bishop's Stortford cae en el corredor M11 para la innovación. [19]
The A120 runs east-west along the northern edge of the town. To the west, the A120 meets the A10 at Puckeridge (for Hertford or Royston). To the east, the A120 passes Stansted Airport en route to Braintree, Colchester, the A12 and Harwich.
Other key routes in the town include:
- A1060 to the Hatfield Heath, the Rodings and Chelmsford
- A1184 to Sawbridgeworth and Harlow
- A1250 east-west route through the town centre
- B1383 to Stansted Mountfitchet and Saffron Walden
Air Pollution
East Herts District Council monitors nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels at Hockerill Junction in the town centre.[20] There are four diffusion tubes around the junction for air quality monitoring. In 2017, three out of four tubes failed to meet the UK National Objective of 40μg/m3 (micrograms per cubic metre):[21]
Location | NO2 concentration (μg/m3) |
---|---|
Stansted Road | 36.0 |
Hockerill Street | 41.3 |
Dunmow Road | 45.6 |
London Road | 56.3 |
Air
Stansted Airport is to the east of the town, with rail and bus links to Bishop's Stortford. Stansted serves over 200 destinations globally.[22]
Bus and coach
The town is on the Arriva Shires & Essex bus network. Buses 309, 508, 509 and 510 connect the town to Stansted Airport. Buses 508, 509 and 510 all terminate to the south in Harlow.[23]
Other key routes include the 301 to Saffron Walden, the 351 to Hertford, and the 386 to Stevenage (via Letchworth). There are further routes to rural destinations in Hertfordshire and Essex.[24][25]
Cycling
Bishop's Stortford is served by cycle routes on regional networks and the National Cycle Network.
National Cycle Route 11 is an incomplete cycle route which will run through the town centre. Completed sections of the route currently pass through Harlow, Sawbridgeworth, Stansted Mountfitchet and Cambridge. The section between Sawbridgeworth and Bishop's Stortford is in development, but when completed, the route will provide a direct, non-stop connection from Bishop's Stortford to the Lea Valley (southbound) and King's Lynn (northbound).[26][27]
National Cycle Route 16 passes just to the northeast of Bishop's Stortford. The route is segregated from traffic, running non-stop to Great Dunmow. The route continues east on on-road and off-road routes to Braintree and Witham.[27][28]
The Bishop's Stortford Circular Ride is a recreational cycle route on country lanes to the north of the town. The route begins and ends on Northgate End in the town centre. It passes through Patmore Heath, Stocking Pelham, Brent Pelham, Little Hormead, Braughing and Albury.[29]
The River Stort towpath is a shared-use path which begins in Bishop's Stortford. Running parallel to the river, the path links the town directly to Sawbridgeworth and Harlow, and eventually to the River Lea towpath towards Hertford, or Tottenham and London's East End. Parts of the towpath carry NCR 11. The route is maintained by the Canal and River Trust.[30][31]
Gente notable
Arts and media
- Lynda Baron (born 1939), an actress who played Nurse Gladys Emanuel in Open All Hours, lived in the town.
- Eliot Bliss (died 1990), a novelist and poet, lived here for over half a century.[32]
- Russell Brand (born 1975), an actor, went to Hockerill Anglo-European College.
- Charli XCX (born 1992), a singer and songwriter, was raised in the town and attended Bishop's Stortford College.
- Paul Epworth, an Oscar and Grammy-winning producer, was born in the town.
- Flux of Pink Indians, an anarcho-punk band, originated in Bishop's Stortford in 1980.
- James Frain (born 1968), an actor who played Thomas Cromwell in The Tudors, attended St Joseph's Catholic Primary School.[33]
- Greg James (born 1985), a radio broadcaster and writer, was raised in the town and attended The Bishop's Stortford High School.
- Bill Sharpe (born 1952), a keyboardist and founding member of Shakatak, a jazz-funk and jazz fusion band, was born in the town and attended Bishop's Stortford College.
- Sam Smith (born 1992), an English singer/songwriter, winner of the 2014 BRIT Critics' Choice Award and BBC's Sound of 2014, attended St Mary's Catholic School.
- Jon Thorne (born 1967), a double bass player and composer, was born in the town.
- Third Party, an anthemic dance duo, were both born in the town.
Education and science
- Frederick Scott Archer (1813–1857) was the inventor of the collodion process, the first photographic emulsion used to create glass negatives.
- Helen King (born 1965), Principal of St Anne's College, Oxford and a former senior police officer, was born in Bishop's Stortford.
- Sarah Ockwell-Smith (born 1970s), a child-care author, attended Hertfordshire and Essex High School in 1987–1992.
Politics and business
- Martin Caton, Labour MP for Gower, was born in Bishop's Stortford.
- Nick de Bois, former Conservative MP for Enfield North, lives in the town.
- Walter Gilbey, a businessman, wine merchant and philanthropist.
- Cecil Rhodes, born in 1853 as the son of the vicar of St Michael's Church, was the effective founder of the state of Rhodesia (now Zambia and Zimbabwe), and of the De Beers diamond company and the Rhodes Scholarship.
- Caroline Spelman, Conservative MP and former cabinet minister, was born in Bishop's Stortford and attended the Hertfordshire and Essex High School.
Religion
- Francis Dane (born 1615), born in Bishop's Stortford, he fought against the persecution of purported witches during the Salem Witch Trials and was pastor of North Parish in Andover, Massachusetts.
- George Jacobs (1609–1692) was executed during the Salem Witch Trials.[34]
Sports
- Ben Clarke (born 1968), ex-England Rugby Union international and British Lions representative, attended Bishop Stortford College.
- Ernie Cooksey (1980–2008), professional footballer, was born in the town.
- Glenn Hoddle (born 1957), Tottenham Hotspur and England footballer, bought his first house at Thorley Park.
- Callum Ilott (born 1998), professional racing driver in FIA Formula 2, attended Bishop's Stortford College.[35]
- Jones Nash (1812–1877), first-class cricketer
- Callum McNaughton, professional footballer with West Ham United, attended Hockerill Anglo-European College.
- John Radford (born 1947), professional footballer with Arsenal, was more recently Bishop's Stortford FC manager and resident in the town.
- Edward Shaw (1892–1916), cricketer and army officer
- David Surridge (born 1956), cricketer
- Ashley Sutton (born 1994), professional racing driver in the British Touring Car Championship (2017 and 2020 champion), attended Birchwood High School
Educación
Hertfordshire County Council is responsible for education. Bishop's Stortford follows the English schools model of primary school, secondary school, and further education college. There are 13 primary and 5 secondary schools (two of which are single sex). The town does not have any further education colleges for post-16 education, as all schools in Hertfordshire have sixth forms.
There is also an independent school, the Bishop's Stortford College, which covers the whole educational spectrum from ages 4 to 18.[36]
Many of the secondary schools in the Bishop's Stortford area have gained special college status, variously for technology, sciences, languages, music or performing arts. Secondary schools include St Mary's Catholic School, Birchwood High School, Hockerill Anglo-European College, The Bishop's Stortford High School (commonly referred to as the "Boys' High")[37] and The Hertfordshire and Essex High School (commonly referred to as "Herts and Essex").[38] The latter two are single-sex schools, for boys and girls respectively, although both have mixed-sex sixth forms.
In July 2008, Herts and Essex High School and Bishop's Stortford High School submitted a planning application to merge to a single site funded by the building of new residential estates on their existing land. This met with vigorous opposition, notably from the Bishop's Stortford Civic Federation. Over 930 letters of objection were received, and eventually the plan collapsed in September 2009 just prior to a planning hearing, when the schools withdrew their application.[39] Planning permission was granted in 2019 and building of the new school commenced in 2020
Ocio y entretenimiento
Sports
Semi-professional football team Bishop's Stortford F.C. were formed in 1874, and play at Woodside Park in the town. Currently members of the Isthmian Football League Premier Division, the seventh tier of the English football pyramid, the club have won two national titles – the 1973–74 FA Amateur Cup and the 1980-81 FA Trophy. It is the first club to win both competitions. [40] Bishop's Stortford Swifts, who play in the Essex Olympian Football League, are also based in the town. They play at Silver Leys, the home of Bishop's Stortford Rugby Football Club. Bishop's Stortford Rugby Football Club play in National League 1, the third tier of English rugby, following a successful 2016/17 season. The club runs five senior men's sides, a ladies' team and a mini and youth section that caters for circa 600 players.
Bishop's Stortford Cricket Club play their home matches at Cricket Field Lane, which is also a home venue for Hertfordshire County Cricket Club. Hockerill Cricket Club play at their ground on Beldams Lane which they share with Bishop's Stortford Running Club. BSRC supports road running and cross-country running.
Bishop's Stortford Hockey Club share the Cricket Field Lane clubhouse with the cricket club and have 10 senior sides – 6 men's and 4 ladies' – along with a junior section. The club has a number of former international players still involved with coaching or playing, including Rob Clift (gold medallist), in addition to a number of senior members who still represent their country at Masters level.
Public sports facilities including the Grange Paddocks swimming pool and gym, a tennis club, a squash club, and a golf club.
Youth organisations
The town is home to various youth organisations and youth groups, including an Army Cadet Force detachment, an Air Training Corps squadron, Scout troops,[41] and a GAP youth group affiliated to the Church of St James the Great in Thorley.
Live music
South Mill Arts (formerly the Rhodes Arts Complex) is the town's largest live music venue. A recipient of a National Lottery grant in 2006, the venue hosts both local and international artists, including Midge Ure, The Beat, Ade Edmondson. Other live music venues include pubs The Half Moon and the Rose & Crown. Youth choir Cantate is based in Bishop's Stortford. The choir holds concerts in the surrounding area, including many in the town itself.
Stortford Film Festival
The Stortford Film Festival, the main sponsor of which was Hertfordshire Community Foundation, started in 2010 with a one-day showcase of short films. The 2nd Stortford Film Festival, which took place between 21 and 26 May 2011 at Rhodes Arts Complex, featured over sixty feature films, shorts, animations, documentaries and music videos from over twenty countries. The 2nd Stortford Film Festival jury featured screenwriter and author Hanif Kureishi and award-winning filmmaker Eran Creevy.
Pubs
Being a market town and major coach stop between London and Cambridge, Bishop's Stortford has many large public houses within the town centre. In 1636 The Star in Bridge Street was run by John Ward. The Inn was acquired by Hawkes and Co. and bought in 1808. In the early 20th century The Star catered for cyclists, providing cycle sheds that attracted people from local villages. John Kynnersley Kirby (1894–1962), painted local scenes and portraits of local characters, painted the interior of The Star for a painting entitled 'The Slate Club Secretary'.[42]
Other public houses included the 15th-century Boars Head, 16th-century Black Lion, and the Curriers Arms was in Market Square from the 1700s until 1904. in the building which until recently was a Zizzi restaurant. Between 1644 and 1810, the Reindeer operated on the present site of the Tourist Information Centre.[43]
Other
Located in the town centre is Anchor Street Entertainment, a multiplex which contains a cinema, health club, a bowling alley and a number of food outlets. A concrete skateboard park and metal halfpipe is located in the town park.
The town is home to two amateur dramatics groups, The Water Lane Theatre Group and Bishop's Stortford Musical Theatre Company.
Geografía
Bishop's Stortford has grown around the River Stort valley, with the town centre lying about 60 metres above sea level, rising to over 100 metres above sea level on the eastern and western margins of the town.
Being in the south-east, the town enjoys a warmer climate than most of Britain and summer temperatures may sometimes reach the mid-30s C/ it is also one of the driest places in the country. Snow is often seen in the winter months because the town is near the east coast, where cold, moist air is brought in from the North Sea and cold fronts from northern Europe. In recent years there has been up to three inches of snow early in the year, which has resulted in minor disruption to transport and caused some schools to close for several days. However, the snow tends not to persist in any noticeable quantity.
Water for the town is supplied by Affinity Water. The water is classed as very hard with over 345 mg/l of minerals and 0.225 mg/l of fluoride.
Climate
Bishop's Stortford, along with the rest of Britain, has a temperate maritime climate, with cool summers and mild winters. The nearest weather station for which averages and extremes are available is Stansted Airport, about 2.5 miles (4.0 km) due east of Bishop's Stortford's town centre. Located at over 100m, the weather station, and parts of Bishop's Stortford in general are marginally cooler throughout the year than the Cambridgeshire area to the north or the London area to the south. Nonetheless, Bishop's Stortford is still warmer than the English average.
The highest temperature recorded at Stansted was 35.0 °C (95.0 °F)[44] during the August 2003 heatwave. In an average year the hottest day should reach 28.8 °C (83.8 °F),[45] and 12.3 days[46] will record a temperature of 25.1 °C (77.2 °F) or more. The lowest temperature recorded at Stansted was −14.7 °C (5.5 °F)[47] during December 1981. Notably cold minimum temperatures tend not to occur due to the lack of higher terrain meaning little cold air drainage occurs. The average annual coldest night should fall to −7.6 °C (18.3 °F),[48] with 47.3[49] air frosts being recorded in an average year.
Typically, the Bishop's Stortford area will receive an average of 622 mm of rain during the course of the year.[44][50] 1mm or more of rain will be recorded on 114.7 days[51] of the year.
Temperature averages refer to the period 1971–2000, rainfall averages to 1961–1990.
Climate data for Stansted, elevation 101m, 1971–2000, Rainfall 1961–1990 | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Average high °C (°F) | 6.5 (43.7) | 6.9 (44.4) | 9.8 (49.6) | 12.2 (54.0) | 16.1 (61.0) | 19.0 (66.2) | 21.7 (71.1) | 21.8 (71.2) | 18.4 (65.1) | 14.1 (57.4) | 9.6 (49.3) | 7.4 (45.3) | 13.5 (56.3) |
Average low °C (°F) | 0.9 (33.6) | 0.7 (33.3) | 2.4 (36.3) | 3.8 (38.8) | 6.8 (44.2) | 9.7 (49.5) | 12.0 (53.6) | 12.0 (53.6) | 9.9 (49.8) | 7.0 (44.6) | 3.4 (38.1) | 1.9 (35.4) | 5.9 (42.6) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 53.97 (2.12) | 39.54 (1.56) | 49.31 (1.94) | 46.53 (1.83) | 45.95 (1.81) | 50.20 (1.98) | 53.37 (2.10) | 56.54 (2.23) | 52.66 (2.07) | 55.01 (2.17) | 59.50 (2.34) | 59.51 (2.34) | 622.09 (24.49) |
Source 1: YR.NO[52] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: KNMI[53] |
Location grid
Brazos
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Referencias
- ^ a b c "Town population 2011". City Populations. Retrieved 26 October 2016.
- ^ "East of England (United Kingdom): Counties and Unitary Districts & Settlements - Population Statistics, Charts and Map". www.citypopulation.de.
- ^ Roman Britain Retrieved 7 February 2018. Archived 9 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Hanks, Patrick; Hodges, Flavia; Mills, David; Room, Adrian (2002). The Oxford Names Companion. Oxford: the University Press. ISBN 0198605617.
- ^ "Bishop's Stortford & Thorley: A History and Guide". Retrieved 27 October 2013.
- ^ "Guide 1: Devoils Lane - Bishop's Stortford & Thorley - A History & Guide". Stortfordhistory.co.uk. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
- ^ Marsden, Sam (11 September 2007). "Two men arrested over Bishop's Stortford shooting". The Independent. London.
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enlaces externos
- Media related to Bishop's Stortford at Wikimedia Commons
- Bishop's Stortford Town Council
- Bishop's Stortford and Thorley: A History and Guide – comprehensive history