El Royal National Theatre de Londres, comúnmente conocido como National Theatre [1] ( NT ), es uno de los tres lugares de artes escénicas financiados con fondos públicos más destacados del Reino Unido, junto con la Royal Shakespeare Company y la Royal Opera House . A nivel internacional, se le conoce como el Teatro Nacional de Gran Bretaña . [2]
Teatro Nacional Ubicación en el centro de Londres | |
Habla a | Upper Ground, South Bank de Londres, Inglaterra |
---|---|
Coordenadas | 51 ° 30′26 ″ N 0 ° 06′51 ″ O / 51.5071 ° N 0.1141 ° WCoordenadas : 51 ° 30′26 ″ N 0 ° 06′51 ″ O / 51.5071 ° N 0.1141 ° W |
Tránsito público | |
Designacion | Grado II * |
Tipo | teatro Nacional |
Capacidad |
|
Construcción | |
Abrió | 1976 |
Arquitecto | Denys Lasdun |
Sitio web | |
nationaltheatre.org.uk |
Fundada por Laurence Olivier en 1963, muchos actores conocidos han actuado en el Teatro Nacional. Hasta 1976, la compañía tenía su sede en el teatro The Old Vic en Waterloo . El edificio actual está ubicado junto al Támesis en el área de South Bank en el centro de Londres. Además de las actuaciones en el edificio del National Theatre, el National Theatre recorre las producciones en los teatros de todo el Reino Unido. [3] El teatro también llevó producciones a ciudades europeas, aunque esto se suspendió en febrero de 2021 por preocupaciones sobre la incertidumbre sobre los permisos de trabajo, costos adicionales y retrasos debido al Brexit . [4] El permiso para agregar el prefijo "Real" al nombre del teatro se otorgó en 1988, [5] pero el título completo rara vez se usa. El teatro presenta un programa variado, que incluye Shakespeare, otro drama clásico internacional y nuevas obras de dramaturgos contemporáneos. Cada auditorio del teatro puede albergar hasta tres espectáculos en repertorio , lo que amplía aún más el número de obras que se pueden presentar durante una temporada.
En junio de 2009, el teatro comenzó National Theatre Live (NT Live), un programa de transmisiones simultáneas de producciones en vivo a los cines, primero en el Reino Unido y luego a nivel internacional. El programa comenzó con una producción de Phèdre , protagonizada por Helen Mirren , que se proyectó en directo en 70 cines de Reino Unido. Desde entonces, las producciones de NT Live se han transmitido a más de 2500 lugares en 60 países de todo el mundo. En noviembre de 2020, se anunció National Theatre at Home . Es un servicio de transmisión de video a pedido , creado específicamente para grabaciones de National Theatre Live. Todos los meses se agregan videos de reproducciones y se pueden "alquilar" para verlos temporalmente, o se pueden ver grabaciones ilimitadas a través de un programa de suscripción mensual o anual. [6] [7]
NT tuvo una facturación anual de aproximadamente 105 millones de libras esterlinas en 2015-16, de los cuales los ingresos obtenidos representaron el 75% (58% de la venta de entradas, 5% de NT Live y Digital, y 12% de los ingresos comerciales, como en los restaurantes , librerías, etc.). El apoyo del Arts Council England proporcionó el 17% de los ingresos, el 1% de la actividad de Aprendizaje y Participación, y el 9% restante provino de una combinación de empresas, individuos, fideicomisos y fundaciones. [8]
Orígenes
En 1847, un crítico que utilizaba el seudónimo de Dramaticus publicó un panfleto [9] que describía el lamentable estado del teatro británico. La producción de obras serias se restringió a los cines de patentes , y la Oficina de Lord Chamberlain sometió a la censura las nuevas obras . Al mismo tiempo, existía un floreciente sector del teatro con una dieta de bajo melodrama y música burlesca ; pero los críticos describieron el teatro británico como impulsado por el comercialismo y un sistema de "estrellas". Hubo una demanda para conmemorar el teatro serio, con el "Comité de Shakespeare" comprando el lugar de nacimiento del dramaturgo para la nación demostrando un reconocimiento de la importancia del "drama serio". El año siguiente vio más folletos sobre la demanda de un Teatro Nacional de la editorial londinense Effingham William Wilson. [10] La situación continuó, con una nueva convocatoria cada década para un Teatro Nacional. Se despertó la atención en 1879 cuando la Comédie-Française hizo una residencia en el Gaiety Theatre , descrito en The Times como representante de "la más alta aristocracia del teatro". Las principales demandas se aglutinaron en torno a: una estructura en la capital que presentaría un "teatro ejemplar"; eso formaría un monumento permanente a Shakespeare; una compañía apoyada que representaría lo mejor de la actuación británica; y una escuela de teatro. [11]
El Teatro Conmemorativo de Shakespeare se inauguró en Stratford upon Avon el 23 de abril de 1879, con la New Shakespeare Company (ahora Royal Shakespeare Company ); y Herbert Beerbohm Tree fundaron una Academia de Arte Dramático en el Teatro de Su Majestad en 1904. Esto todavía dejó a la capital sin un teatro nacional. Una Liga de Shakespeare de Londres se fundó en 1902 para desarrollar un Teatro Nacional de Shakespeare y, con el inminente tri-centenario en 1916 de su muerte, en 1913 compró un terreno para un teatro en Bloomsbury . Este trabajo fue interrumpido por la Primera Guerra Mundial.
En 1910, George Bernard Shaw escribió una comedia corta, La dama oscura de los sonetos , en la que el propio Shakespeare intenta persuadir a Isabel I de la necesidad de construir un Teatro Nacional para poner en escena sus obras. La obra fue parte de la campaña a largo plazo para construir un Teatro Nacional.
Finalmente, en 1948, el Consejo del Condado de Londres presentó un sitio cerca del Royal Festival Hall para este propósito, y el Parlamento aprobó una "Ley de Teatro Nacional", que ofrece apoyo financiero, en 1949. [12] Diez años después de la primera piedra Se colocó en 1951, el Gobierno declaró que la nación no podía permitirse un Teatro Nacional; en respuesta, la LCC ofreció renunciar al alquiler y pagar la mitad de los costos de construcción. Aún así, el Gobierno intentó aplicar condiciones inaceptables para ahorrar dinero; intentando forzar la fusión de las empresas existentes con apoyo público: RSC, Sadler's Wells y Old Vic . [12]
Después de algunos pasos inspiradores iniciales tomados con la apertura del Chichester Festival Theatre en Chichester en junio de 1962, los desarrollos en Londres prosiguieron. En julio de 1962, con los acuerdos finalmente alcanzados, se creó una junta para supervisar la construcción y se constituyó una junta separada para administrar una Compañía Nacional de Teatro y arrendar el teatro Old Vic. La "Compañía Nacional de Teatro" abrió el 22 de octubre de 1963 con Hamlet , protagonizada por Peter O'Toole en el papel principal. [13] La empresa fue fundada por Laurence Olivier , quien se convirtió en el primer director artístico de la empresa. Como compañeros directores, reclutó a William Gaskill y John Dexter . Entre el primer conjunto de actores de la compañía se encontraban Robert Stephens , Maggie Smith , Joan Plowright , Michael Gambon , Derek Jacobi , Lynn Redgrave , Michael Redgrave , Colin Blakely y Frank Finlay .
El edificio actual fue diseñado por los arquitectos Sir Denys Lasdun y Peter Softley y los ingenieros estructurales Flint & Neill y contiene tres etapas, que se abrieron individualmente entre 1976 y 1977. [14] El trabajo de construcción fue realizado por Sir Robert McAlpine . [15]
La Compañía permaneció en el Old Vic hasta 1977, cuando se completó la construcción del Olivier. [12]
Teatro y arquitectura
Teatros
El edificio del Teatro Nacional alberga tres teatros separados. Además, se agregó una estructura temporal en abril de 2013 y se cerró en mayo de 2016.
Teatro Olivier
Nombrado en honor al primer director artístico del teatro, Laurence Olivier , este es el auditorio principal, inspirado en el antiguo teatro griego de Epidauro ; tiene un escenario abierto y una zona de asientos para el público en forma de abanico para 1100 personas. Un tambor giratorio (una sección de escenario giratoria de cinco pisos) se extiende ocho metros debajo del escenario y es operado por un solo miembro del personal. El tambor tiene dos giros de borde y dos plataformas, cada una de las cuales puede transportar diez toneladas, lo que facilita cambios de escenario dramáticos y fluidos. Su diseño garantiza que la vista de la audiencia no se bloquee desde ningún asiento y que la audiencia sea completamente visible para los actores desde el centro del escenario. Diseñado en la década de 1970 y un prototipo de la tecnología actual, el tambor giratorio y un sistema de vuelo múltiple 'sky hook' fueron inicialmente muy controvertidos y requirieron diez años para su puesta en marcha, pero parecen haber cumplido el objetivo de funcionalidad con alta productividad. [dieciséis]
Teatro Lyttelton
El nombre de Oliver Lyttelton , el primer presidente de la junta del National Theatre, tiene un diseño de arco de proscenio y puede acomodar una audiencia de 890 personas.
Teatro Dorfman
Nombrado en honor a Lloyd Dorfman (filántropo y presidente de Travelex Group ), [17] el Dorfman es "el más pequeño, el más sencillo y el más flexible de los teatros nacionales ... una sala de paredes oscuras" con una capacidad de 400 espectadores. . [18] era conocido como el teatro Cottesloe (el nombre de Señor Cottesloe , Presidente de la Junta teatro Banco del Sur), un nombre que dejó de ser utilizado con el cierre del teatro debajo de la Nacional NT futura reconstrucción.
El teatro mejorado [18] reabrió sus puertas en septiembre de 2014 con su nuevo nombre. [19]
Teatro Temporal
El Teatro Temporal, anteriormente llamado The Shed, era un teatro de caja negra de 225 asientos que se inauguró en abril de 2013 y contó con nuevas obras; cerró en mayo de 2016, tras la remodelación del Teatro Dorfman. [20]
En 2015, el artista británico Carl Randall pintó un retrato de la actriz Katie Leung de pie frente a The Shed como parte de la serie 'London Portraits', donde pidió a varias figuras culturales que eligieran un lugar en Londres para el telón de fondo de sus retratos. [21] [22] Leung explicó que eligió The Shed como telón de fondo porque actuó allí en la obra de 2013 The World of Extreme Happiness , y también porque "... es un teatro temporal, no permanente, y quería hacer es permanente en el retrato ". [23] [24]
Arquitectura
Mark Girouard describió el estilo del edificio del Teatro Nacional como "una estética de formas rotas" en el momento de la inauguración. La opinión arquitectónica se dividió en el momento de la construcción. Incluso los defensores entusiastas del Movimiento Moderno como Sir Nikolaus Pevsner encontraron el hormigón Béton brut dominante tanto por dentro como por fuera. Más notoriamente, el príncipe Carlos describió el edificio en 1988 como "una forma inteligente de construir una central nuclear en el centro de Londres sin que nadie se oponga". Sir John Betjeman , sin embargo, un hombre que no se destaca por su entusiasmo por la arquitectura brutalista , fue efusivo en sus elogios y escribió a Lasdun diciéndole que "jadeó de deleite ante el cubo de su teatro en el cielo azul pálido y una visión de St. Paul está al sur. Es un trabajo encantador y muy bueno desde muchos ángulos ... tiene ese aspecto inevitable y terminado que tiene un gran trabajo ". [25]
A pesar de la controversia, el teatro ha sido un edificio catalogado de Grado II * desde 1994. [26] Aunque el teatro a menudo se cita como un arquetipo de la arquitectura brutalista en Inglaterra, desde la muerte de Lasdun el edificio ha sido reevaluado por tener vínculos más estrechos con obra de Le Corbusier , más que edificios monumentales contemporáneos de los años sesenta como los de Paul Rudolph . [27] El equilibrio cuidadosamente refinado entre los elementos horizontales y verticales en el edificio de Lasdun se ha contrastado favorablemente con la irregularidad de los edificios vecinos como la Hayward Gallery y el Queen Elizabeth Hall . Ahora se encuentra en la inusual situación de haber aparecido simultáneamente entre los diez edificios de Londres "más populares" y "más odiados" en las encuestas de opinión. Un esquema de iluminación reciente que ilumina el exterior del edificio, en particular las torres de vuelo , ha demostrado ser muy popular y es una de varias respuestas artísticas positivas al edificio. Un eje de visión clave previsto [28] es desde el puente de Waterloo a 45 grados hasta la torre de vuelo del Teatro Olivier (el elemento más grande y más alto del edificio) y los escalones desde el nivel del suelo. Esta vista está en gran parte oscurecida ahora por árboles maduros a lo largo del paseo junto al río, pero se puede ver de una manera más limitada a nivel del suelo.
Vestíbulos y espacios interiores
Los vestíbulos del Teatro Nacional están abiertos al público, con una gran librería teatral, restaurantes, bares y espacios expositivos. Las terrazas y vestíbulos del complejo teatral también se han utilizado para representaciones experimentales ad hoc. La explanada del teatro junto al río se utiliza para representaciones regulares al aire libre en los meses de verano.
El Clore Learning Center es un nuevo espacio dedicado al aprendizaje en el National Theatre. Ofrece eventos y cursos para todas las edades, explorando la creación teatral desde la dramaturgia hasta las habilidades técnicas, a menudo dirigidas por los propios artistas y el personal del NT. Uno de sus espacios es The Cottesloe Room, llamado así en reconocimiento al nombre original del teatro adyacente.
Los camerinos para todos los actores están dispuestos alrededor de un pozo de luz interno y un conducto de aire, de modo que sus ventanas se enfrentan entre sí. Este arreglo ha llevado a una tradición por la cual, en la noche de apertura (conocida como 'Noche de Prensa') y noche de cierre de cualquier obra individual, cuando se les llama para ir a 'principiantes' (posiciones de apertura), los actores irán a la ventana y tamborilear sobre el vidrio con las palmas de las manos. [29]
Los recorridos entre bastidores se realizan durante todo el día y el Sherling High Level Walkway, abierto todos los días hasta las 7.30 p. M., Ofrece a los visitantes vistas de los talleres de producción entre bastidores para la construcción y montaje de escenarios, pintura escénica y creación de utilería.
NT Future
2013 vio el comienzo del proyecto 'NT Future'; una remodelación del complejo del Teatro Nacional que se estimó costaría alrededor de 80 millones de libras esterlinas. [30]
Estudio de Teatro Nacional
El edificio Studio al otro lado de la calle del Old Vic en The Cut en Waterloo. El Studio solía albergar los talleres de NT, pero se convirtió en el ala de investigación y desarrollo de National en 1984. El edificio del Studio alberga el Departamento de Trabajo Nuevo, el Archivo y el Estudio de Narración Inmersiva de NT.
El estudio es un edificio protegido de grado II diseñado por los arquitectos Lyons Israel Ellis. [31] Terminado en 1958, el edificio fue restaurado por los arquitectos Haworth Tompkins y reabierto en otoño de 2007.
El National Theatre Studio fue fundado en 1985 bajo la dirección de Peter Gill , quien lo dirigió hasta 1990. [32] Laura Collier se convirtió en directora del estudio en noviembre de 2011, reemplazando a Purni Morrell, quien dirigió el estudio desde 2006. [33] Después de la fusión del estudio y el departamento literario bajo el liderazgo de Rufus Norris, Emily McLaughlin se convirtió en la jefa de obra nueva en 2015.
Teatro Nacional en Vivo
National Theatre Live es una iniciativa que transmite representaciones de sus producciones (y de otros teatros) a cines y centros artísticos de todo el mundo. Se inició en junio de 2009 con Helen Mirren en Jean Racine 's Fedra , dirigida por Nicholas Hytner , en el Teatro Lyttelton.
La tercera temporada de retransmisiones se lanzó el 15 de septiembre de 2011 con One Man, Two Guvnors con James Corden . Esto fue seguido por Arnold Wesker 's The Kitchen . La última transmisión de 2011 fue John Hodge 's Colaboradores con Simon Russell Beale . En 2012 Nicholas Wright juego 's Travelling Light fue transmitido el 9 de febrero, seguido de La comedia de los errores con Lenny Henry en 1 de marzo y Ella se inclina para conquistar con Katherine Kelly , Steve Pemberton y Sophie Thompson el 29 de marzo.
One Man, Two Guvnors regresó a las pantallas de cine en los Estados Unidos, Canadá y Australia por una temporada limitada en la primavera de 2012.El Frankenstein de Danny Boyle también regresó a las pantallas de todo el mundo por una temporada limitada en junio y julio de 2012.
La cuarta temporada de transmisiones comenzó el jueves 6 de septiembre de 2012 con El curioso incidente del perro en la noche , una obra de teatro basada en la novela superventas internacional de Mark Haddon . A esto le siguió The Last of the Haussmans , una nueva obra de Stephen Beresford protagonizada por Julie Walters , Rory Kinnear y Helen McCrory el 11 de octubre de 2012. Timon of Athens, de William Shakespeare , siguió el 1 de noviembre de 2012 protagonizada por Simon Russell Beale como Timon. El 17 de enero de 2013, NT vivo transmitido Arthur Wing Pinero 's El juez , con John Lithgow . [34]
Las actuaciones a filmar y retransmitir son nominadas con antelación, lo que permite el movimiento planificado de las cámaras con mayor libertad en el auditorio.
Aprendizaje y participación
National Theatre Connections
National Theatre Connections is the annual nationwide youth theatre festival run by the National Theatre. The festival was founded in 1995, and features ten new plays for young people written by leading playwrights. Productions are staged by schools and youth groups at their schools and community centres, and at local professional theatre hubs. One of the productions of each play is invited to perform in a final festival at the National Theatre, usually in the Olivier Theatre and Dorfman Theatre.
National Theatre Collection
The National Theatre Collection (formerly called On Demand. In Schools) is the National Theatre's free production streaming service for educational establishments worldwide, which is free to UK state schools. The service is designed for use by teachers and educators in the classroom, and features recordings of curriculum-linked productions filmed in high definition in front of a live audience.[35]
The service was launched initially to UK secondary schools in 2015 with productions for Key Stage 3 pupils and above. In November 2016, the National Theatre launched to service to UK primary schools, adding a number of new titles for Key Stage 2.[36] Productions currently offered by the service include Frankenstein (directed by Danny Boyle, starring Benedict Cumberbatch and Jonny Lee Miller), Othello (directed by Nicholas Hytner, starting Adrian Lester and Rory Kinnear), Antigone (directed by Polly Findlay, starring Christopher Eccleston and Jodie Whittaker), and Jane Eyre (directed by Sally Cookson).
In 2018, the National Theatre reported that over half of UK state secondary schools have registered to use the service. On Demand. In Schools won the 2018 Bett Award for Free Digital Content or Open Educational Resources.[37]
In March 2020, in light of the coronavirus pandemic, the National Theatre Collection was made available for pupils and teachers to access at home to aid blended learning programmes.[38] In April 2020, six new titles were added to the service to bring the total up to 30 productions. These include Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (directed by Benedict Andrews for the Young Vic, starring Sienna Miller and Jack O'Connell) and Small Island (directed by Rufus Norris for the National Theatre).[39]
Public Acts
Public Acts is a community participation programme from the National Theatre working with theatres and community organisations across the UK to create large-scale new work. The first Public Acts production was Pericles in August 2018, at the National Theatre, in the Olivier Theatre. The Guardian described this as 'a richly sung version with brilliant performances from a cast of hundreds.'[40] The second production was As You Like It performed in August 2019 at the Queen’s Theatre, Hornchurch.[41][42]
Since 2019, Public Acts has been working on a third production in Doncaster in partnership with Cast and six local community partners.[43] The new adaptation of The Caucasian Chalk Circle was originally planned for 2020 but has been postponed, due to Covid-19.[44]
In December 2020, in partnership with The Guardian, Public Acts released an online musical called We Begin Again by James Graham (Quiz) as a music video and a standalone track released by Broadway Records.[45][46]
Festivales al aire libre
River Stage
River Stage is the National Theatre's free outdoor summer festival takes place over five weekends outside the National Theatre in its North East Corner Square. It is accompanied by a number of additional street food stalls and bars run by the NT.
The event features programmes developed by various companies for the first four weekends, programming the fifth itself. Takeover organisations have included The Glory, HOME Manchester, Sadler's Wells, nonclassical, WOMAD, Latitude Festival, Bristol's Mayfest, and Rambert. The festival launched in 2015 and is produced by Fran Miller.
Watch This Space
The annual "Watch This Space" festival was a free summer-long celebration of outdoor theatre, circus and dance, which was replaced in 2015 by the River Stage festival.
"Watch This Space" featured events for all ages, including workshops and classes for children and adults. "Watch This Space" had a strong national and international relationships with leading and emerging companies working in many different aspects of the outdoor arts sector. Significant collaborators and regular visitors included Teatr Biuro Podrozy, The Whalley Range All Stars, Home Live Art, Addictive TV, Men in Coats, Upswing, Circus Space, Les Grooms, StopGAP Dance Theatre, metro-boulot-dodo, Avanti Display, The Gandinis, Abigail Collins, The World-famous, Ida Barr (Christopher Green), Motionhouse, Mat Ricardo, The Insect Circus, Bängditos Theater, Mimbre, Company FZ, WildWorks, Bash Street Theatre, Markeline, The Chipolatas, The Caravan Gallery, Sienta la Cabeza, Theatre Tuig, Producciones Imperdibles and Mario Queen of the Circus.[47]
The festival was set up by its first producer Jonathan Holloway, who was succeeded in 2005 by Angus MacKechnie.
Whilst the Theatre Square space is occupied by the Temporary Theatre during the NT Future redevelopment, the "Watch This Space" festival was suspended.[48] In 2013 the National announced that there would be a small summer festival entitled 'August Outdoors' in Theatre Square. Playing Fridays and Saturdays only, the programme included The Sneakers and The Streetlights by Half Human Theatre, The Thinker by Stuff & Things, H2H by Joli Vyann, Screeving by Urban Canvas, Pigeon Poo People by The Natural Theatre Company, Capses by Laitrum, Bang On!, Caravania! by The Bone Ensemble, The Hot Potato Syncopators, Total Eclipse of the Head by Ella Good and Nicki Kent, The Caravan Gallery, Curious Curios by Kazzum Theatre and The Preeners by Canopy.[49]
Directores artísticos
- Sir Laurence Olivier (1963–1973)
- Sir Peter Hall (1973–1988)
- Sir Richard Eyre (1988–1997)
- Sir Trevor Nunn (1997–2003)
- Sir Nicholas Hytner (2003–2015)
- Rufus Norris (2015–)
Laurence Olivier became artistic director of the National Theatre at its formation in 1963. He was considered the foremost British film and stage actor of the period, and became the first director of the Chichester Festival Theatre – there forming the company that would unite with the Old Vic Company to form the National Theatre Company. In addition to directing, he continued to appear in many successful productions. He became a life peer in 1970, for his services to theatre, and retired in 1973.
Peter Hall took over to manage the move to the South Bank. His career included running the Arts Theatre between 1956 and 1959 – where he directed the English language première of Samuel Beckett's Waiting for Godot. He went on to take over the Memorial Theatre at Stratford, and to create the permanent Royal Shakespeare Company, in 1960, also establishing a new RSC base at the Aldwych Theatre for transfers to the West End. He was artistic director at the National Theatre between 1973 and 1988; and continued to direct major performances for both the National and the RSC as well as running his own company at The Old Vic and summer seasons at the Theatre Royal, Bath. In 2008, he opened a new theatre, The Rose, and remained its Director Emeritus until his death in 2017.
One of the National's associate directors, Richard Eyre became Artistic Director in 1988; his experience included running the Royal Lyceum Theatre, Edinburgh and the Nottingham Playhouse. He was noted for his series of collaborations with David Hare on the state of contemporary Britain.
In 1997, Trevor Nunn became Artistic Director. He came to the National from the RSC, having undertaken a major expansion of the company into the Swan, The Other Place and the Barbican Theatres. He brought a more populist style to the National, introducing musical theatre to the repertoire, directing My Fair Lady, Oklahoma! and South Pacific.
In April 2003, Nicholas Hytner took over as Artistic Director. He previously worked as an associate director with the Royal Exchange Theatre and the National. A number of his successful productions have been made into films. In April 2013 Hytner announced he would step down as Artistic Director at the end of March 2015.[50][51]
Amongst Hytner's innovations were NT Future, the National Theatre Live initiative of simulcasting live productions, and the Entry Pass scheme, allowing young people under the age of 26 to purchase tickets for £7.50 to any production at the theatre.
Rufus Norris took over as Artistic Director in March 2015. He is the first person since Laurence Olivier to hold the post without being a University of Cambridge graduate.
Producciones notables
1963–1973
- In 1962, the company of The Old Vic theatre was dissolved, and reconstituted as the "National Theatre Company" opening on 22 October 1963 with Hamlet. The company remained based in The Old Vic until the new buildings opened in February 1976.
- Hamlet, directed by Laurence Olivier, with Peter O'Toole in the title-role and Michael Redgrave as Claudius (1963)
- The Recruiting Officer, directed by William Gaskill with Laurence Olivier as Captain Brazen, Maggie Smith as Sylvia and Robert Stephens as Captain Plume (1963).
- Othello, directed by John Dexter, with Laurence Olivier in the title-role, Frank Finlay as Iago and Maggie Smith as Desdemona (1964)
- The Royal Hunt of the Sun by Peter Shaffer, directed by John Dexter (1964); the National's first world premiere
- Miss Julie by August Strindberg, directed by Michael Elliott with Albert Finney and Maggie Smith in a double bill with Black Comedy by Peter Shaffer, directed by John Dexter with Derek Jacobi and Maggie Smith. (1965/66)
- As You Like It directed by Clifford Williams, the all-male production with Ronald Pickup as Rosalind, Jeremy Brett as Orlando, Charles Kay as Celia, Derek Jacobi as Touchstone, Robert Stephens as Jaques (1967)
- Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead by Tom Stoppard, directed by Derek Goldby, with John Stride and Edward Petherbridge (1967)
- The Dance of Death by August Strindberg, with Laurence Olivier as Edgar, Geraldine McEwan as Alice and Robert Stephens as Kurt (1967)
- Oedipus by Seneca translated by Ted Hughes, directed by Peter Brook, with John Gielgud as Oedipus, Irene Worth as Jocasta (1968)
- The Merchant of Venice, directed by Jonathan Miller, with Laurence Olivier as Shylock and Joan Plowright as Portia (1970)
- Hedda Gabler by Henrik Ibsen, directed by Ingmar Bergman, with Maggie Smith as Hedda (1970)
- Long Day's Journey into Night by Eugene O'Neill, directed by Michael Blakemore, with Laurence Olivier as James Tyrone (1971)
- Jumpers by Tom Stoppard, directed by Peter Wood, starring Michael Hordern and Diana Rigg (1972)
- The Misanthrope by Molière, translated by Tony Harrison, directed by John Dexter with Alec McCowen and Diana Rigg (1973–74)
1974–1987
- The Tempest with John Gielgud as Prospero, directed by Peter Hall (1974)
- Eden End by J.B. Priestley, with Joan Plowright as Stella and Michael Jayston as Charles (1974)
- No Man's Land by Harold Pinter, directed by Peter Hall, with Ralph Richardson and John Gielgud (1975)
- Illuminatus!, an eight-hour five-play cycle from Ken Campbell's The Science Fiction Theatre of Liverpool (1977)
- Bedroom Farce by Alan Ayckbourn, directed by Peter Hall (1977)
- Lark Rise by Keith Dewhurst, directed by Bill Bryden (1978)
- Tales from the Vienna Woods by Ödön von Horváth, translated by Christopher Hampton, directed by Maximilian Schell, with Stephen Rea and Kate Nelligan
- Plenty by David Hare, directed by the author, with Stephen Moore and Kate Nelligan (1978)
- Amadeus by Peter Shaffer, directed by Peter Hall, with Paul Scofield and Simon Callow (1979–80)
- Galileo, by Bertolt Brecht, translated by Howard Brenton directed by John Dexter with Michael Gambon (1980)
- The Romans in Britain by Howard Brenton, directed by Michael Bogdanov, subject of a private prosecution by Mary Whitehouse (1980)
- The Oresteia by Aeschylus, translated by Tony Harrison, directed by Peter Hall (1981)
- A Kind of Alaska, one-act play by Harold Pinter, directed by Peter Brook, with Judi Dench. Inspired by Awakenings, by Oliver Sacks. (1982)
- Guys and Dolls, the National's first musical, directed by Richard Eyre, starring Bob Hoskins, Julia McKenzie, Ian Charleson, and Julie Covington (1982)
- Glengarry Glen Ross by David Mamet, directed by Bill Bryden (1983)
- Jean Seberg, musical with a book by Julian Barry, lyrics by Christopher Adler, and music by Marvin Hamlisch; directed by Peter Hall (1983)
- Fool for Love by Sam Shepard, starring Ian Charleson and Julie Walters, directed by Peter Gill (1984)
- The Mysteries from medieval Mystery plays in a version by Tony Harrison, directed by Bill Bryden (1985)
- Pravda by Howard Brenton and David Hare, directed by David Hare, with Anthony Hopkins (1985)
- The American Clock by Arthur Miller, directed by Peter Wood (1986)
- Antony and Cleopatra directed by Peter Hall, with Anthony Hopkins and Judi Dench (1987)
- Happy Birthday, Sir Larry directed by Mike Ockrent and Jonathan Myerson, with a cast including Peggy Ashcroft, Peter Hall, Antony Sher, Albert Finney (31 May 1987) an 80th Birthday Tribute to Sir Laurence Olivier[52]
1988–1997
- Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, directed by Howard Davies, starring Ian Charleson and Lindsay Duncan (1988)
- Fuente Ovejuna by Lope de Vega, translated by Adrian Mitchell, directed by Declan Donnellan (1989)
- Hamlet, starring Daniel Day Lewis and Judi Dench, later Ian Charleson, directed by Richard Eyre (1989)
- The Voysey Inheritance, starring Jeremy Northam, directed by Richard Eyre
- Richard III starring Ian McKellen and directed by Richard Eyre (1990)
- Sunday in the Park with George by Stephen Sondheim and James Lapine, directed by Steven Pimlott (British premiere) (1990)
- The Madness of George III by Alan Bennett, directed by Nicholas Hytner, starring Nigel Hawthorne (1991)
- Angels in America by Tony Kushner, directed by Declan Donnellan (1991–92)
- Carousel by Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II, directed by Nicholas Hytner (1993)
- An Inspector Calls by J. B. Priestley, directed by Stephen Daldry (1992)
- Racing Demon, Murmuring Judges, and The Absence of War, by David Hare, directed by Richard Eyre (1993)
- Arcadia by Tom Stoppard, directed by Trevor Nunn (1993)
- Sweeney Todd by Stephen Sondheim and Hugh Wheeler, directed by Declan Donnellan (1993)
- Hedda Gabler starring Fiona Shaw, directed by Deborah Warner (1993)
- Les Parents terribles by Jean Cocteau, directed by Sean Mathias (1994)
- Women of Troy by Euripides, directed by Annie Castledine, starring Josette Bushell-Mingo, Rosemary Harris and Jane Birkin (1995)
- A Little Night Music by Stephen Sondheim and Hugh Wheeler, directed by Sean Mathias, with Judi Dench (1995)
- Anna Karenina adapted by Helen Edmundson, with Anne-Marie Duff (1996)[53]
- King Lear directed by Richard Eyre, with Ian Holm (1997)
- The Caucasian Chalk Circle by Bertolt Brecht, translated by Frank McGuinness, directed by Simon McBurney (1997)
1998–2002
- Copenhagen by Michael Frayn, directed by Michael Blakemore (1998)
- Oklahoma! by Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein, directed by Trevor Nunn, with Maureen Lipman and Hugh Jackman (1998)
- Our Lady of Sligo by Sebastian Barry, directed by Max Stafford-Clark, with Sinéad Cusack (1998)
- Candide by Leonard Bernstein, directed by John Caird assisted by Trevor Nunn (1999)
- The Merchant of Venice directed by Trevor Nunn, with Henry Goodman (1999)
- Summerfolk by Maxim Gorky, directed by Trevor Nunn (1999)
- Honk!, Laurence Olivier Award winner (1999)
- Money by Edward Bulwer-Lytton, directed by John Caird (1999)
- Albert Speer by David Edgar, with Alex Jennings (2000)
- Blue/Orange by Joe Penhall directed by Roger Michell, with Chiwetel Ejiofor, Bill Nighy and Andrew Lincoln (2000)
- The Island by Athol Fugard, John Kani, and Winston Ntshona, directed by Peter Brook and performed by Kani and Ntshona (2000)
- Far Side of the Moon written, directed and performed by Robert Lepage (2001)
- Humble Boy by Charlotte Jones directed by John Caird, with Simon Russell Beale (2001)
- South Pacific by Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein, directed by Trevor Nunn, with Philip Quast who won the 2002 Olivier Award for Best Actor in a Musical and Lauren Kennedy (2001)
- The Winter's Tale by William Shakespeare directed by Nicholas Hytner, with Alex Jennings and Phil Daniels (2001)
- Vincent in Brixton by Nicholas Wright, directed by Richard Eyre, with Clare Higgins (2002)
- The Coast of Utopia, a trilogy by Tom Stoppard, comprising: Voyage, Shipwreck and Salvage, directed by Trevor Nunn, with computerised video designs by William Dudley (2002)
- Anything Goes by Cole Porter, directed by Trevor Nunn, with John Barrowman and Sally Ann Triplett (2002)
- Dinner by Moira Buffini, with Harriet Walter, Nicholas Farrell and Catherine McCormack, directed by Fiona Buffini (2002)
- A Streetcar Named Desire by Tennessee Williams, with Glenn Close, Iain Glen and Essie Davis, directed by Trevor Nunn (2002)
2003–2014
- Henry V by William Shakespeare, directed by Nicholas Hytner starring Adrian Lester (2003)
- Jerry Springer: The Opera, a musical by Stewart Lee and Richard Thomas (2003)
- His Dark Materials, a two-part adaptation of Philip Pullman's novel directed by Nicholas Hytner starring Anna Maxwell Martin, Dominic Cooper, Patricia Hodge and Niamh Cusack (2003)
- The History Boys by Alan Bennett, directed by Nicholas Hytner, starring Richard Griffiths, Frances de la Tour and Dominic Cooper (2004)
- Coram Boy by Helen Edmundson, with Bertie Carvel and Paul Ritter (2005–2006)[54]
- Laurence Olivier Celebratory Performance directed by Nicholas Hytner and Angus MacKechnie. A one-off tribute to Lord Laurence Olivier, the National's first director, in his centenary year and starring Richard Attenborough, Claire Bloom, Rory Kinnear, and Alex Jennings (23 September 2007)
- War Horse based on a novel by Michael Morpurgo, adapted by Nick Stafford, directed by Marianne Elliott and Tom Morris, presented in association with Handspring (2007–2009)
- Much Ado About Nothing, directed by Nicholas Hytner, with Simon Russell Beale and Zoë Wanamaker (2007–2008)
- Never So Good by Howard Brenton, directed by Howard Davies with Jeremy Irons (2008)
- Mother Courage and Her Children, by Bertolt Brecht, with Fiona Shaw (2009)
- Phèdre featuring Helen Mirren, Margaret Tyzack and Dominic Cooper, directed by Nicholas Hytner (2009)
- The Habit of Art, by Alan Bennett, with Richard Griffiths, directed by Nicholas Hytner(2010)
- Frankenstein, directed by Danny Boyle and starring Benedict Cumberbatch and Jonny Lee Miller (2011)
- One Man, Two Guvnors, based on Servant of Two Masters by Richard Bean, with James Corden, directed by Nicholas Hytner (2011)[55]
- London Road, a musical by Alecky Blythe and Adam Cork, directed by Rufus Norris (2011)
- The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time by Simon Stephens, adapted from the novel of the same name by Mark Haddon, with Luke Treadaway, Nicola Walker, Niamh Cusack and Paul Ritter (2012).[56]
- Othello by William Shakespeare with Adrian Lester and Rory Kinnear, directed by Nicholas Hytner (2013)
- National Theatre: 50 Years on Stage. Celebrating the 50th anniversary, a selection of scenes from various productions in the National Theatre's history, featuring Angels in America, One Man, Two Guvnors, London Road, Jerry Springer: The Opera and Guys and Dolls, featuring Maggie Smith, Derek Jacobi, Adrian Lester, Joan Plowright, Judi Dench, Rory Kinnear, Helen Mirren and Alex Jennings. Directed by Nicholas Hytner and designed by Mark Thompson(2013)
- King Lear by William Shakespeare, with Simon Russell Beale, directed by Sam Mendes (2014)[57]
2015–present
- Everyman adapted by Carol Ann Duffy, starring Chiwetel Ejiofor, directed by Rufus Norris (2015)
- People, Places & Things by Duncan MacMillan, directed by Jeremy Herrin, starring Denise Gough (2015)
- Cleansed by Sarah Kane, directed by Katie Mitchell (2016)
- The Threepenny Opera by Bertolt Brecht with music by Kurt Weill, a new adaptation by Simon Stephens, directed by Rufus Norris, starring Rosalie Craig and Rory Kinnear (2016)
- The Deep Blue Sea by Terence Rattigan, directed by Carrie Cracknell starring Helen McCrory (2016)
- Amadeus by Peter Shaffer, directed by Michael Longhurst, starring Lucian Msamati and Adam Gillen (2016 and 2018)
- A Pacifist's Guide to the War on Cancer, a Complicite Associates co-production with the National Theatre, in association with HOME Manchester, book by Bryony Kimmings and Brian Lobel, with lyrics by Kimmings and music by Tom Parkinson (2016)
- Hedda Gabler by Henrik Ibsen, directed by Ivo van Hove, starring Ruth Wilson, a re-working of the production previously staged at the Toneelgrope Amsterdam and the New York Theatre Workshop (2016)
- Les Blancs by Lorraine Hansberry, final text adapted by Robert Nemiroff, directed by Yaël Farber, starring Danny Sapani and Siân Phillips (2016)[58]
- Angels in America by Tony Kushner, directed by Marianne Elliot, starring Andrew Garfield, Denise Gough, James McArdle, Russell Tovey and Nathan Lane (2017)
- Follies, music and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim and book by James Goldman, directed by Dominic Cooke, starring Imelda Staunton, Janie Dee, Philip Quast and Tracie Bennett (2017; return engagement in 2019)
- Beginning (play) by David Eldridge, directed by Polly Findlay (2017)
- Network, directed by Ivo van Hove, based on the Sidney Lumet film, adapted by Lee Hall, starring Bryan Cranston (2017)
- Pinocchio by Dennis Kelly, directed by John Tiffany, with songs and score from the Walt Disney film by Leigh Harline, Ned Washington, and Paul J. Smith, adapted by Martin Lowe (2017)
- John by Annie Baker, directed by James Macdonald (2018)
- The Winter's Tale by William Shakespeare, adapted by Justin Audibert (also the director of this production) and the company (2018)
- Macbeth by William Shakespeare, directed by Rufus Norris, starring Anne-Marie Duff and Rory Kinnear (2018)
- The Great Wave by Francis Turnly, directed by Indhu Rubasingham, a co-production with the Tricycle Theatre (2018)
- Absolute Hell by Rodney Ackland, directed by Joe Hill-Gibbins (2018)
- Nine Night by Natasha Gordon, directed by Roy Alexander Weise, starring Cecilia Noble (2018)
- Translations by Brian Friel, directed by Ian Rickson, starring Colin Morgan and Ciarán Hinds (2018)
- Julie by Polly Stenham, directed by Carrie Cracknell, starring Vanessa Kirby and Eric Kofi Abrefa (2018)
- An Octoroon by Branden Jacobs-Jenkins, directed by Ned Bennett, a co-production with Orange Tree Theatre (2018)
- Exit the King by Eugène Ionesco, adapted and directed by Patrick Marber, starring Rhys Ifans and Indira Varma (2018)
- The Lehman Trilogy by Stefano Massini, adapted by Ben Power, directed by Sam Mendes, starring Adam Godley, Ben Miles, and Simon Russell Beale, a co-production with Neal Street Productions (2018)
- The Prisoner, text and direction by Peter Brook and Marie-Hélène Estienne (2018)
- Home, I'm Darling by Laura Wade, directed by Tamara Harvey, starring Katherine Parkinson, a co-production with Theatr Clwyd (2018)
- Pericles by William Shakespeare, adapted by Chris Bush, directed by Emily Lim, the first Public Acts production (2018)
- Antony and Cleopatra by William Shakespeare, directed by Simon Godwin, starring Ralph Fiennes and Sophie Okonedo (2018)
- I'm Not Running by David Hare, directed by Neil Armfield (2018)
- War Horse based on a novel by Michael Morpurgo, adapted by Nick Stafford, directed by Marianne Elliott and Tom Morris, presented in association with Handspring (limited return engagement in 2018)[59]
- The Star Seekers by the Wardrobe Ensemble and Wardrobe Theatre (2018)[60]
- Hadestown, music, lyrics, and book by Anaïs Mitchell, directed by Rachel Chavkin (2018)[61]
- When We Have Sufficiently Tortured Each Other: Twelve Variations on Samuel Richardson's Pamela by Martin Crimp, directed by Katie Mitchell, starring Cate Blanchett and Stephen Dillane (2019)
Patronos reales
- Queen Elizabeth II 1974 – 2019
- Meghan, Duchess of Sussex January 2019 – February 2021[62][63]
Galería
An artistic lighting scheme illuminating the exterior of the building
The statue of Laurence Olivier as Hamlet was unveiled in September 2007
The terrace entrance between the mezzanine restaurant level and the Olivier cloakroom level, reached from halfway up/down Waterloo Bridge
The main entrance on the ground floor
The ensemble shows a varying range of geometric relationships.
River Thames and Waterloo Bridge, with National Theatre, centre-right
Ver también
- National Youth Theatre
- National Theatre of Scotland
- National Theatre of Wales
- Wales Millennium Centre
- National Theatre of Ireland
- List of Royal National Theatre Company actors
Notas
- ^ "Home page". The National Theatre. Archived from the original on 25 May 2020. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
Welcome to the National Theatre
- ^ Lister, David (11 January 2003). "Wales and Scotland need a cultural revolution". The Independent. London.
- ^ "National Theatre Near You". Royal National Theatre. Archived from the original on 3 February 2015. Retrieved 20 January 2015.
- ^ Slawson, Nicola (17 February 2021). "National Theatre to halt Europe tours over Brexit rules". The Guardian. Retrieved 18 February 2021.
- ^ The Cambridge History of British Theatre, Volume 3, p. 319
- ^ "U.K. National Theater Enters the Streaming Wars". New York Times. Retrieved 17 December 2020.
- ^ "National Theatre at Home". National Theatre. Retrieved 17 December 2020.
- ^ National Theatre Annual Report 2012-13
- ^ Dramaticus The stage as it is (1847)
- ^ Effingham William Wilson A House for Shakespeare. A proposition for the consideration of the Nation and a Second and Concluding Paper (1848)
- ^ Woodfield, James (1984). English Theatre in Transition, 1881–1914: 1881–1914. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 95–107. ISBN 0-389-20483-8.
- ^ a b c Findlater, Richard The Winding Road to King's Reach (1977), also in Callow. Retrieved 1 July 2008.
- ^ "Monitor - Prince of Denmark". BBC. Archived from the original on 20 March 2021. Retrieved 9 August 2020.
- ^ "Denys Lasdun and Peter Hall talk about the building". History of the NT. Royal National Theatre. Archived from the original on 22 July 2010. Retrieved 1 October 2009.
- ^ "A portrait of achievement" (PDF). Sir Robert McAlpine. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 May 2016. Retrieved 24 April 2016.
- ^ History of the Drum Revolve Archived 30 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine at National Theatre website
- ^ Brown, Mark "National Theatre's Cottesloe venue to be renamed after £10m donor" Archived 20 March 2021 at the Wayback Machine The Guardian, 28 October 2010. Retrieved 5 December 2010.
- ^ a b National Theatre website Archived 9 July 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 29 August 2014
- ^ "National's Dorfman Theatre to open with Fatboy Slim musical", The Stage. Retrieved 29 August 2014
- ^ "National Theatre reveals closing date for Temporary Theatre". The Stage. 19 April 2016.
- ^ Carl Randall's 'London Portraits' on display in National Portrait Gallery., The Royal Drawing School, London, 2016, retrieved 20 March 2021
- ^ Actress Katie Leung and The Shed., Carl Randall's artist website, 2016, archived from the original on 20 March 2021, retrieved 20 March 2021
- ^ Carl Randall's London Portraits – Video Documentary., The Daiwa Anglo Japanese Foundation London, 2016, archived from the original on 10 August 2016, retrieved 20 March 2021
- ^ London Portraits – Video Documentary., Youtube, 2016, archived from the original on 20 March 2021, retrieved 20 March 2021
- ^ Pearman, Hugh (21 January 2001). "Gabion: The legacy of Lasdun 2/2". Archived from the original on 5 March 2012. Retrieved 25 April 2008.
- ^ Historic England (23 June 1994). "Royal National Theatre (1272324)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 16 August 2018.
- ^ Rykwert, Joseph (12 January 2001). "Sir Denys Lasdun obituary". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 22 January 2007.
- ^ Denys Lasdun: Architecture, City, Landscape by William J R Curtis Phaidon Press 1994
- ^ Lithgow, John (13 January 2013). "A Lone Yank Takes Joy in Togetherness". The New York Times. p. AR7. Archived from the original on 20 March 2021. Retrieved 16 May 2013.
- ^ "Welcome to National Theatre NT Future" Archived 6 April 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Royal National Theatre. Retrieved 6 April 2013.
- ^ Historic England. "Royal National Theatre Studio (1391540)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
- ^ Cavendish, Dominic (28 November 2007). "National Theatre Studio: More power to theatre's engine room – Telegraph". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 20 March 2021. Retrieved 25 April 2008.
- ^ "Collier to Head NT Studio" Archived 12 November 2012 at the Wayback Machine, The British Theatre Guide, 20 October 2011. Retrieved 6 April 2013.
- ^ The Magistrate Archived 7 September 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Royal National Theatre.
- ^ "National Theatre On demand. In Schools". schools.nationaltheatre.org.uk. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
- ^ "Third of secondary schools sign up to National Theatre's streaming service | News | The Stage". The Stage. 4 November 2016. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
- ^ "2018 winners | Bett Awards". bettawards.com. Archived from the original on 5 June 2016. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
- ^ "National Theatre collection available to pupils and teachers at home for free". Voice Online. 26 March 2020. Archived from the original on 20 March 2021. Retrieved 18 January 2021.
- ^ Davies, Alan (26 April 2020). "Teachers and students able to access National Theatre Collection". Welwyn Hatfield Times. Archived from the original on 20 March 2021. Retrieved 18 January 2021.
- ^ "Pericles review – musical Shakespeare adaptation is a joy". the Guardian. 30 August 2018. Archived from the original on 20 March 2021. Retrieved 18 January 2021.
- ^ "Review: As You Like It (Queen's Theatre, Hornchurch) | WhatsOnStage". www.whatsonstage.com. Archived from the original on 20 March 2021. Retrieved 18 January 2021.
- ^ Gillinson, Miriam (27 August 2019). "As You Like It review – musical take on Shakespeare inspires and thrills". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 20 March 2021. Retrieved 28 February 2021.
- ^ "National Theatre announces new works and star casts". British Theatre. 13 June 2019. Archived from the original on 20 March 2021. Retrieved 18 January 2021.
- ^ "Public Acts | National Theatre". www.nationaltheatre.org.uk. Archived from the original on 20 March 2021. Retrieved 18 January 2021.
- ^ "James Graham on his uplifting 2020 musical: 'We want to look forward'". the Guardian. 17 December 2020. Archived from the original on 20 March 2021. Retrieved 18 January 2021.
- ^ "National Theatre's Public Acts Community Members Perform in Online Musical "We Begin Again" Produced by The Guardian, in Partnership with National Theatre - Theatre Weekly". Archived from the original on 20 March 2021. Retrieved 18 January 2021.
- ^ "Watch This Space Festival" Archived 19 July 2010 at the Wayback Machine, Royal National Theatre
- ^ "Watch This Space Festival" Archived 12 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Royal National Theatre
- ^ "Watch this Space presents August Outdoors". Royal National Theatre. Archived from the original on 5 August 2013.
- ^ Charlotte Higgins (10 April 2013)."Sir Nicholas Hytner to step down as National Theatre artistic director" Archived 20 March 2021 at the Wayback Machine. The Guardian. Retrieved 6 May 2013.
- ^ "Sir Nicholas Hytner to leave National Theatre" Archived 20 March 2021 at the Wayback Machine, BBC News, 10 April 2013. Retrieved 6 May 2013.
- ^ Theatre programme for Happy Birthday, Sir Larry, dated 31 May 1987
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 20 March 2021. Retrieved 20 March 2021.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 3 April 2019. Retrieved 20 March 2021.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- ^ ''One Man, Two Guvnors'' Archived 8 June 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Onemantwoguvnors.com.
- ^ ''The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time'' Archived 23 July 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Royal National Theatre.
- ^ ''King Lear'' Archived 20 May 2014 at archive.today. Royal National Theatre.
- ^ "Les Blancs | National Theatre". www.nationaltheatre.org.uk. Archived from the original on 20 March 2021. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
- ^ McPhee, Ryan. "War Horse Will Return to London's National Theatre; Additional Season Casting Set | Playbill". Playbill. Archived from the original on 20 March 2021. Retrieved 21 February 2018.
- ^ Wood, Alex (21 March 2018). "National Theatre and The Wardrobe Ensemble to present The Star Seekers at the Dorfman Theatre". WhatsOnStage.com. Archived from the original on 20 March 2021. Retrieved 23 April 2018.
- ^ Paulson, Michael (19 April 2018). "The Underworld Will Stop in London en Route to Broadway". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 20 March 2021. Retrieved 23 April 2018.
- ^ "Meghan made patron of National Theatre". BBC News. 10 January 2019. Archived from the original on 20 March 2021. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
- ^ "Harry and Meghan not returning as working members of Royal Family". BBC News. 19 February 2021. Archived from the original on 4 March 2021. Retrieved 19 February 2021.
Bibliografía
- Elsom, John and Tomalin, Nicholas (1978): The History of the National Theatre. Jonathan Cape, London. ISBN 0-224-01340-8.
- Hall, Peter, (edited Goodwin, John) (1983): Peter Hall's Diaries: The Story of a Dramatic Battle (1972–79). Hamish Hamilton, London. ISBN 0-241-11047-5.
- Goodwin, Tim (1988), Britain's Royal National Theatre: The First 25 Years. Nick Hern Books, London. ISBN 1-85459-070-7.
- Callow, Simon (1997): The National: The Theatre and its Work, 1963–1997. Nick Hern Books, London. ISBN 1-85459-318-8.
Otras lecturas
- Rosenthal, Daniel (2013). The National Theatre Story. Oberon Books: London. ISBN 978-1-84002-768-6
- Dillon, Patrick [Tilson, Jake – designed by] (2015). Concrete Reality: Building the National Theatre National Theatre: London. ISBN 978-0-95722-592-3
enlaces externos
- Official website
- NT Live
- NT Connections Archived 6 December 2012 at the Wayback Machine
- History of the National Theatre with archive images and press reports on the building at The Music Hall and Theatre Site dedicated to Arthur Lloyd
- Shakespeare at the National Theatre, 1967–2012, compiled by Daniel Rosenthal, on Google Arts & Culture
- National Theatre's Black Plays Archive, supported by Sustained Theatre and Arts Council England
- National Theatre Act 1949 on the UK Parliament website