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Es erhub sich ein Streit (Surgió una guerra), BWV  19, es unacantata de iglesiadeJohann Sebastian Bach. La compuso enLeipzigen 1726 para lafiesta de San Miguely la interpretó por primera vez el 29 de septiembre de 1726. Es la segunda de sustres cantatas existentespara esta fiesta.

Historia y palabras [ editar ]

Bach asumió su cargo en Leipzig en 1723. Sus primeros años en la ciudad fueron particularmente productivos en términos de cantatas para el calendario eclesiástico. Además de ser una fiesta cristiana, el día de San Miguel fue importante en la vida comercial de Leipzig, ya que marcó el inicio de una de las ferias comerciales anuales de la ciudad .

The prescribed readings for the day were from the Book of Revelation, Michael fighting the dragon (Revelation 12:7–12), and from the Gospel of Matthew, heaven belongs to the children, the angels see the face of God (Matthew 18:1–11).[1] The text of the cantata was written by Christian Friedrich Henrici, better known as Picander.[2] By now a regular collaborator of the composer, Picander had provided the libretto for a previous St Michael's Day cantata. Picander includes as the closing chorale a stanza from a hymn by Christoph Demantius.

The chorale theme is Freu dich sehr, o meine Seele, which was codified by Louis Bourgeois when setting the Geneva Psalm 42 in his collection Pseaumes octante trios de David (Geneva, 1551). Bourgeois seems to have been influenced by the secular song "Ne l'oseray je dire" contained in the Manuscrit de Bayeux published around 1510.

Scoring and structure[edit]

La pieza está compuesta para tres solistas vocales ( soprano , tenor y alto ), coro de cuatro partes y un conjunto instrumental barroco de tres trompetas , timbales , dos oboes , oboe da caccia , dos oboes d'amore , dos violines , viola. y bajo continuo . Tradicionalmente en Leipzig durante la época de Bach, las celebraciones de la Fiesta de San Miguel utilizaban la orquesta más grande disponible. Todas las cantatas completas de Bach conocidas para esta ocasión incluyen trompeta y timbales. [3]

Está en siete movimientos :

Música [ editar ]

As with other Bach cantatas written for the Feast of St. Michael, this work opens with an "imposing" chorus. The opening and closing section of this da capo movement focuses on a single line of text describing the battle against the forces of evil. The middle section sets the remaining five lines of the text. The movement includes no instrumental introduction, creating an "immediate dramatic effect".[4] Craig Smith suggests that the "vaulting high-energy fugue theme is the perfect illustration of the heroic struggle".[3]

The bass recitative in E minor describes the importance of the victory over Satan, but exudes a sombre mood, suggesting the continued difficulties of mankind.[4]

The third movement is a soprano aria with obbligato oboes, "an oasis of protective tranquillity" in the major mode. However, elements of the music disturb the peace conveyed by the text: the extended ritornello begins with an "odd three-bar phrasing", leading into a passage of constant momentum between the two oboes.[4]

El recitativo de tenor está nuevamente en modo menor , esta vez para describir la fragilidad del hombre. Este movimiento se mueve en un aria de tenor sorprendente, que describe una respuesta personal al texto. El aria es el movimiento más largo de la cantata, representando un tercio de la duración total de la obra. [4] La trompeta toca la melodía coral completa de " Herzlich lieb hab ich dich, o Herr ", probablemente con la tercera estrofa mencionando ángeles en mente, [3] sobre un ritmo siciliano en las cuerdas y continuo. [4]

The penultimate movement is a brief secco soprano recitative that returns to the major mode to prepare the closing chorale. The chorale has the feel of a minuet, although there is some tension because of the changing phrase lengths employed by the melody.[4]

Publication[edit]

The text is a reworked version of a libretto which Picander published in 1725.

As with almost all Bach's cantatas, the music did not appear in print until the 19th century, although the cantata was revived several times in Hamburg by Bach's son Carl Philip Emmanuel.[5] It was first published in 1852 in the Bach-Gesellschaft Ausgabe (BGA), edited by Moritz Hauptmann

Recordings[edit]

  • Concentus musicus Wien, Nikolaus Harnoncourt. J. S. Bach: Complete Cantatas Vol. 06. Teldec.
  • Amsterdam Baroque Orchestra & Choir, Ton Koopman. J. S. Bach: Complete Cantatas Vol. 17. Antoine Marchand, 2003.
  • Berliner Motettenchor / Berliner Philharmoniker, Fritz Lehmann. J. S. Bach: Cantatas BWV 1 & BWV 19. American Decca / Deutsche Grammophon, 1952.
  • Gächinger Kantorei / Bach-Collegium Stuttgart, Helmuth Rilling. Die Bach Kantate Vol. 18. Hänssler, 1971.
  • Heinrich-Schütz-Chor Heilbronn / Pforzheim Chamber Orchestra, Fritz Werner. Bach Cantatas: Volume 2. Erato, 1964.
  • Holland Boys Choir / Netherlands Bach Collegium, Pieter Jan Leusink. Bach Edition Vol. 21 – Cantatas Vol. 12. Brilliant Classics, 2000.
  • Monteverdi Choir / English Baroque Soloists, John Eliot Gardiner. Bach Cantatas Vol. 7: Ambronay/Bremen. Soli Deo Gloria 2000.
  • Stuttgart Choral Society / Bach-Orchester Stuttgart, Hans Grischkat. J. S. Bach: Cantatas BWV 6 & BWV 19. Renaissance, 1951.

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Lutheran Church Year - Readings for the Feast of St Michael and All Angels (September 29th)". bach-cantatas.com. Retrieved 21 December 2014.
  2. ^ Sanford Terry, C.; Litti, D. (1917). "Bach's Cantata Libretti". Proceedings of the Royal Musical Association. 44 (1): 71–125. doi:10.1093/jrma/44.1.71. ISSN 0958-8442.
  3. ^ a b c "Emmanuel Music - Bach Cantata BWV 19 - Program Notes". emmanuelmusic.org. Retrieved 21 December 2014.
  4. ^ a b c d e f Mincham, Julian. "The Cantatas of Johann Sebastian Bach - Chapter 25 BWV 19". jsbachcantatas.com. Retrieved 21 December 2014.
  5. ^ Gleck, Martin. Johann Sebastian Bach: Life and Work.

Sources[edit]

  • Es erhub sich ein Streit, BWV 19: Scores at the International Music Score Library Project
  • Es erhub sich ein Streit BWV 19; BC A 180 / Sacred cantata (Michaelmas [29 September)] Bach Digital
  • Cantata BWV 19 Es erhub sich ein Streit: history, scoring, sources for text and music, translations to various languages, discography, discussion, Bach Cantatas Website
  • BWV 19 – "Es erhub sich ein Streit": English translation, discussion, Emmanuel Music
  • BWV 19 Es erhub sich ein Streit: English translation, University of Vermont
  • BWV 19 Es erhub sich ein Streit: text, scoring, University of Alberta
  • Luke Dahn: BWV 19.7 bach-chorales.com