The Itbayat language, Itbayaten, also known generically as Ibatan, is an Austronesian language, in the Batanic group, spoken in the Batanes Islands.
Itbayat | |
---|---|
Ibatan | |
Itbayaten | |
Native to | Philippines |
Region | Itbayat Island |
Ethnicity | Ivatan people Yami people Filipinos in Taiwan |
Native speakers | (3,500 cited 1996 census)[1] |
Language family | Austronesian
|
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | tao |
Glottolog | itba1237 |
Itbayat and the other Batanic languages |
Phonology
Vowels
/a, ɜ, i, o/
Vowels are contrasted between long and short vowels, for example as seen in the words tokod ('support') and tookod ('a kind of yam').[2]
Consonants
Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Retroflex | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||||
Stop | voiceless | p | t | k | ʔ | |||
voiced | b | d | ɡ | |||||
Fricative | voiceless | (f) | s | ʁ | h | |||
voiced | v | ɣ | ||||||
Affricate | voiceless | t͡ʃ | ||||||
voiced | d͡ʒ | |||||||
Approximant | l | j | w | |||||
Trill | r |
- /f/ is only used in loanwords but tends to become /p/.[2]
Grammar
Pronouns
The following set of pronouns are the pronouns found in the Itbayat language.[2]
Nominative free | Nominative bound | Genitive free | Genitive bound | Locative | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person singular | yaken | ako | ñaken | ko | jaken |
2nd person singular | imo | ka | nimo | mo | dimo |
3rd person singular | – | – | niya / ña | na | dira |
1st person dual | – | ta | – | – | – |
1st person plural inclusive | yaten | ta | ñaten | ta | jaten |
1st person plural exclusive | yamen | kami | ñamen | namen | jamen |
2nd person plural | imiyo | kamo | nimiyo | miyo | dimiyo |
3rd person plural | sira | sira | nira | da | dira |
References
- ^ Ivatan at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
- ^ a b c Yamada, Yukihiro (2002), Itbayat–English Dictionary (PDF), ELPR Publications Series A3-006, hdl:10108/75457
Further reading
- Yamada, Yukihiro (2014). A Grammar of the Itbayat Language of the Philippines. Himeji, Japan.