Las Guerras Indígenas Americanas son los numerosos conflictos armados entre imperios o colonos europeos , y más tarde por los colonos estadounidenses y canadienses o los gobiernos estadounidense y canadiense , y los pueblos indígenas de América del Norte . Estos conflictos ocurrieron en todo el país comenzando con la Guerra de Tiguex en 1540 en el actual Nuevo México y terminando con el período Renegado durante las Guerras Apache en 1924 en el suroeste de los Estados Unidos .
Según un conjunto de datos de conflictos entre las comunidades nativas americanas y las potencias coloniales, la frecuencia de los conflictos aumenta drásticamente tanto en México como en los Estados Unidos durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX. [1]
Guerras del siglo XVI
Conflicto | Combatiente 1 | Combatiente 2 | Resultado |
---|---|---|---|
Batalla de Mabila (octubre de 1540) | Conquistador español Hernando de Soto | Cultura de Mississippian | Muerte del cacique Tuskaloosa , más de 2.500 indios y 200 españoles |
Guerra de Tiguex (invierno de 1540-1541) | Conquistador español | Puebloan |
Guerras del siglo 17
Conflicto | Combatiente 1 | Combatiente 2 | Resultado |
---|---|---|---|
Guerras Navajo ( c. 1600–1866) | Corona de Castilla (c. 1600-1716) España (1716-1821) México (1821-1848) Estados Unidos (1849-1866) | Navajo |
|
Guerras Anglo-Powhatan (1610-1646) | Colonos ingleses | Confederación Powhatan | |
Guerra de Pequot (1636-1638) | Colonia de la Bahía de Massachusetts Colonia de Plymouth Colonia de Saybrook Colonia de Connecticut Mohegan Narragansett | Pequot |
|
Beaver Wars (1642-1698) | Iroqueses Inglaterra República holandesa | Huron Erie Neutral Odawa Ojibwe Mississaugas Potawatomi Algonquin Shawnee Wenro Mahican Innu Abenaki Miami Illinois Confederación otras naciones aliadas con Francia Francia | |
Guerra de Kieft (1643-1645) | Nueva Holanda | Lenape | |
Guerra del melocotonero (1655) | Nueva Holanda | Tribus aliadas de Susquehannock | |
Guerras de Esopus (1659-1663) | Colonos holandeses Confederación iroquesa | Tribu Esopus de indios Lenape | |
Guerra del rey Felipe (1675-1678) | Confederación de Nueva Inglaterra Mohegan Pequot | Wampanoag Nipmuck Podunk Narragansett Nashaway |
|
Guerra del rey Guillermo (1688-1697) | Francia Nueva Confederación de Francia Wabanaki | Inglaterra Colonia de la Bahía de Massachusetts América inglesa Confederación iroquesa |
Guerras del siglo xviii
Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result |
---|---|---|---|
Queen Anne's War (1702–13) | France
Spain
Wabanaki Confederacy | England (until 1707)[2]
Great Britain (from 1707)[2]
Muscogee (Creek) | |
Tuscarora War (1711–15) |
| ||
Fox Wars (1712–33) | France | Fox
| |
Yamasee War (1715–17) | Colonial militia of:
Catawba (from 1715) | Yamasee Ochese Creeks Catawba (until 1715) Cherokee (until 1716) Waxhaw Santee |
|
Chickasaw Wars (1721–63) | Great Britain Chickasaw | France Choctaw Illini | |
Dummer's War (1722–25) | New England Colonies Mohawk | Wabanaki Confederacy Abenaki Pequawket Mi'kmaq Maliseet |
|
King George's War (1744–48) | France
Wabanaki Confederacy | Great Britain
Iroquois Confederacy | |
Seven Years' War (1754–63) | Great Britain
Prussia | France
Holy Roman Empire
Russia (until 1762) | |
French and Indian War (1754–63) Part of the Seven Years' War | Great Britain
Iroquois Confederacy | France
Wabanaki Confederacy
Algonquin | |
Anglo-Cherokee War (1758–61) Part of the Seven Years' War | Great Britain | Cherokee | |
Pontiac's War (1763–66) | Great Britain | Ottawa Ojibwe Potawatomi Huron Miami Wea Kickapoo Mascouten Piankeshaw Delaware Shawnee Wyandot Mingo Seneca |
|
Lord Dunmore's War (1774) | Colony of Virginia | Shawnee Mingo | |
American Revolutionary War (1775–83) | United States France Spain Vermont Netherlands Oneida | Great Britain Loyalists German Auxiliaries Iroquois |
|
Cherokee–American wars (1776–94) Part of the American Revolutionary War | United States | Cherokee | |
Second Cherokee War (1776) Part of the Cherokee–American wars | |||
Northwest Indian War (1785–95) | United States Chickasaw Choctaw | Western Confederacy Great Britain
|
|
Oconee War (1785–) |
Guerras del siglo XIX
Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result |
---|---|---|---|
Tecumseh's War (1811–13) Part of the War of 1812 | United States | Tecumseh's Confederacy |
|
War of 1812 (1812–15) | United States Choctaw Nation Cherokee Creek Allies | United Kingdom
Tecumseh's Confederacy |
|
Peoria War (1813) Part of the War of 1812 | |||
Creek War (1813–14) Part of the War of 1812 | United States Choctaw Nation Lower Creeks Cherokee | Red Stick Creek |
|
First Seminole War (1817–18) | United States | Seminole Spanish Florida | |
Texas–Indian wars (1820–75) Part of the Apache Wars | Republic of Texas United States | Comanche | |
Arikara War (1823) | United States | Arikara |
|
Winnebago War (1827) | United States | Prairie La Crosse Ho-Chunks with a few allies |
|
Black Hawk War (1832) | United States Ho-Chunk Menominee Dakota Potawatomi | Black Hawks British Band Ho-Chunk and Potawatomi allies | |
Second Seminole War (1835–42) | United States | Seminole |
|
Second Creek War (1836) | |||
Comanche Wars (1836–75) Part of the Texas–Indian wars | Spain Mexico Republic of Texas United States Choctaw Nation | Comanche | |
Osage Indian War (1837) | Osage Nation | ||
Cayuse War (1847–55) | United States | Cayuse | |
Ute Wars (1849–1923) | United States | Ute Paiute Navajo Apache |
|
Apache Wars (1849–1924) Part of the Texas–Indian wars | United States (1849–1924) Confederate States (1861–65) | Apache Ute Yavapai Comanche Cheyenne Kiowa Havasupai Hopi Navajos Papagos Hualapai Yuma Mohave |
|
Jicarilla War (1849–55) Part of the Apache, Ute and Texas-Indian Wars | United States | Apache Ute | |
Yuma War (1850–53) | United States Cupeno (1852–53) Cocopah (1853) Paipai Halyikwamai Mountain Cahuilla (1851) | Yuma Mohave Cocopah (1850–53) Cahuilla Cupeno (1851) | |
Mariposa War (1850–51) | |||
Walker War (1853) Part of the Ute Wars | |||
Sioux Wars (1854–91) | United States Canada Crow Pawnee Eastern Shoshone | Sioux
Cheyenne | |
First Sioux War (1854–56) Part of the Sioux Wars | |||
Klickitat War (1855) | United States | Klickitat Cascade | |
Rogue River Wars (1855–56) | United States | Rogue River people |
|
Third Seminole War (1855–58) | United States | Seminole | |
Yakima War (1855–58) | United States | Yakama |
|
Puget Sound War (1855–56) Part of the Yakima War | United States | Nisqually Muckleshoot Puyallup Klickitat Haida Tlingit |
|
Klamath and Salmon River War (1855) | |||
Tintic War (1856) Part of the Ute Wars | |||
Tule River War (1856) | United States California | Yokut | |
Coeur d'Alene War (1858) Part of the Yakima War | |||
Mendocino War (1858) Part of the Yakima War | Yuki | ||
Fraser Canyon War (1858) | United Kingdom
| Nlaka'pamux | |
Bald Hills War (1858–64) | United States California | "Wintoons"
"Redwoods"
"Mountain tribes"
| |
Mohave War (1858–59) | United States Maricopa | Mohave Hualapai | |
Paiute War (1860) | United States | Paiute Shoshone Bannock | |
Yavapai Wars (1861–75) | United States | Yavapai Apache Yuma Mohave | |
Owens Valley Indian War (1862–65) | United States | Owens Valley Paiute Shoshone Kawaiisu Tübatulabal | |
Dakota War of 1862 (1862) Part of the Sioux Wars | United States | Dakota Sioux | |
Goshute War (1863) | |||
Colorado War (1864–65) Part of the Sioux Wars | United States | Cheyenne Arapaho |
|
Snake War (1864–68) | United States | Snake Indians | |
Hualapai War (1865–70) Part of the Yavapai Wars | United States | Hualapai Yavapai Havasupai | |
Black Hawk's War (1865–72) Part of the Ute, Apache and Navajo Wars | United States | Hualapai Yavapai Havasupai | |
Powder River War (1865) Part of the Sioux Wars | United States | Sioux Cheyenne Arapaho | |
Red Cloud's War (1866–68) Part of the Sioux Wars | United States | Lakota Cheyenne Arapaho |
|
Comanche campaign (1867–75) Part of the Texas–Indian Wars | United States | Cheyenne Arapaho Comanche Kiowa |
|
Red River Rebellion (1869–70) | Canada Canadian Party | Métis Provisional Government |
|
Modoc War (1872–73) | United States | Modoc | |
Red River War (1874–75) | United States | Cheyenne Arapaho Comanche Kiowa |
|
Great Sioux War of 1876 (1876–77) Part of the Sioux Wars | United States Canada | Lakota Northern Cheyenne Arapaho |
|
Buffalo Hunters' War (1876–77) Part of the Apache and Texas–Indian Wars | United States | Comanche Apache | |
Nez Perce War (1877) | United States | Nez Perce | |
Bannock War (1878) | United States | Bannock Shoshone | |
Cheyenne War (1878–79) | United States | Cheyenne |
|
Sheepeater Indian War (1879) | United States | Shoshone | |
White River War (1879) Part of the Ute Wars | United States | Ute | |
Victorio's War (1879–80) Part of the Apache Wars during Renegade period | United States Mexico | Apache | |
Geronimo's War (1881–86) Part of the Apache Wars | United States | Apache | |
North-West Rebellion (1885) | Canada | Provisional Government of Saskatchewan (Métis) Cree–Assiniboine |
|
Crow War (1887) | United States | Crow | |
Ghost Dance War (1890–91) Part of the Sioux Wars | United States | Sioux
|
Guerras del siglo XX
Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result |
---|---|---|---|
Crazy Snake Rebellion (1909) | United States | Creek | |
New Mexico Navajo War (1913) | |||
Bluff War (1914–15) Part of the Navajo and Ute Wars | United States | Ute Paiute | |
Colorado Paiute War (1915) | |||
Posey War (1923) Part of the Ute Wars | United States | Ute Paiute |
Ver también
- List of historical Indian reservations in the United States
- List of Indian massacres
- List of traditional territories of the indigenous peoples of North America
- U.S.–Native American treaties
- Population history of indigenous peoples of the Americas
- Territorial evolution of the United States
- Territorial evolution of Canada
- Numbered Treaties
Referencias
- ^ Urlacher, Brian R (2021). "Introducing Native American Conflict History (NACH) data". Journal of Peace Research: 0022343320987274. doi:10.1177/0022343320987274. ISSN 0022-3433.
- ^ a b In 1707, the kingdoms of England and Scotland were unified as the Kingdom of Great Britain, sharing a single Parliament at Westminster under the Act of Union 1707. After this, Scottish troops joined their English counterparts in all colonial wars.
- ^ Canny, p. 92.
- ^ Wait, Eugene M. (1999). America and the War of 1812. Nova Publishers. p. 78. ISBN 978-1-56072-644-9.