Oxnard es una ciudad en el condado de Ventura, California , Estados Unidos. En la costa sur de California , es la ciudad más poblada del condado de Ventura y la 22ª ciudad más poblada de California. Incorporada en 1903, Oxnard se encuentra aproximadamente a 60 millas (97 km) al oeste del centro de Los Ángeles y es parte del área metropolitana de Los Ángeles más grande .
Oxnard, California | |
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Ciudad de Oxnard | |
En el sentido de las agujas del reloj: puerto de Channel Islands ; Museo de Arte Carnegie ; hotel en la playa | |
Bandera | |
Apodo (s): Puerta de entrada a las Islas del Canal | |
Ubicación en el condado de Ventura y el estado de California | |
Oxnard Ubicación en los Estados Unidos | |
Coordenadas: 34 ° 11′29 ″ N 119 ° 10′57 ″ W / 34.19139 ° N 119.18250 ° WCoordenadas : 34 ° 11′29 ″ N 119 ° 10′57 ″ O / 34.19139 ° N 119.18250 ° W | |
País | Estados Unidos |
Expresar | California |
condado | Ventura |
Incorporado | 30 de junio de 1903 [1] |
Nombrado para | Henry T. Oxnard |
Gobierno | |
• Tipo | Administrador del consejo |
• Ayuntamiento [3] | Alcalde John Zaragoza Bryan A. MacDonald Oscar Madrigal Gabe Teran Bert Perello Gabriela Basua Vianey Lopez |
• Tesorero de la ciudad | Phil Molina |
• Secretario de la ciudad | Rosa Chaparro [2] |
• Administrador de la ciudad | Alexander Nguyen |
Área [4] | |
• Total | 39,14 millas cuadradas (101,38 km 2 ) |
• Tierra | 26,53 millas cuadradas (68,70 km 2 ) |
• Agua | 32,68 km 2 (12,62 millas cuadradas ) 31,41% |
Elevación [5] | 52 pies (16 m) |
Población ( 2010 ) [6] | |
• Total | 197.899 |
• Estimación (2019) [7] | 208,881 |
• Rango | Primero en el condado de Ventura 22 en California 110 en los Estados Unidos |
• Densidad | 7,874.58 / mi sq (3,040.38 / km 2 ) |
• Densidad de metro | 7.360 millas cuadradas (2.841 / km 2 ) |
Zona horaria | UTC − 8 ( Pacífico ) |
• Verano ( DST ) | UTC-7 ( PDT ) |
Códigos postales [8] | 93030–93036 |
Codigo de AREA | 805,820 |
Código FIPS | 06-54652 |
ID de funciones de GNIS | 1652766 , 2411347 |
Sitio web | www |
Está en el borde occidental de la fértil llanura de Oxnard , adyacente a campos agrícolas con fresas, habas y otros cultivos de hortalizas. Oxnard es también un importante centro de transporte en el sur de California , con paradas de Amtrak , Union Pacific , Metrolink , Greyhound e Intercalifornias. También tiene un pequeño aeropuerto regional, Oxnard Airport (OXR).
La población de Oxnard era 208.881 a partir de 2019. [9] Es la ciudad más poblada de la mayoría en el Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura, CA área estadística metropolitana .
Historia
Antes de la llegada de los europeos, el área estaba habitada por nativos americanos Chumash . El primer europeo en encontrar la zona fue el explorador João Rodrigues Cabrilho , quien la reclamó para España en 1542. Durante el período de la misión , la Misión San Buenaventura , establecida en 1782, utilizó la zona para la cría de ganado.
La ganadería comenzó a afianzarse entre los colonos de California , que perdieron su influencia regional cuando California se convirtió en un estado de EE. UU. En 1850. Aproximadamente al mismo tiempo, el área fue colonizada por agricultores estadounidenses, que cultivaban cebada y habas.
Henry T.Oxnard , fundador de American Crystal Sugar Company , con sede en Moorhead, Minnesota, que operaba una exitosa fábrica de remolacha azucarera con sus tres hermanos (Benjamin, James y Robert) en Chino, California , fue tentado para construir una fábrica de $ 2 millones en el llanura hacia el interior de Port Hueneme . [10] Poco después de la campaña de remolacha de 1897, surgió una nueva ciudad, ahora conmemorada en el Registro Nacional de Lugares Históricos como el Distrito Histórico Henry T. Oxnard . Oxnard tenía la intención de nombrar el asentamiento después de la palabra griega para "azúcar", zachari , pero frustrado por la burocracia, lo nombró en su honor. Dado el crecimiento potencial de la ciudad de Oxnard, en la primavera de 1898 se construyó una estación de ferrocarril para dar servicio a la planta, lo que atrajo una población de trabajadores chinos, japoneses y mexicanos y suficiente comercio para merecer la designación de una ciudad. Los hermanos Oxnard, que nunca vivieron en la ciudad del mismo nombre, vendieron tanto el Chino como la fábrica gigante de ladrillos rojos Oxnard en 1899 por casi $ 4 millones. La fábrica de Oxnard con sus emblemáticas chimeneas gemelas funcionó desde el 19 de agosto de 1899 hasta el 26 de octubre de 1959. Las operaciones de la fábrica se interrumpieron en la huelga de Oxnard de 1903 .
Oxnard se incorporó como una ciudad de California el 30 de junio de 1903, y la biblioteca pública se abrió en 1907. [11] Antes y durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, las bases navales de Point Mugu y Port Hueneme se establecieron en el área para aprovechar del único puerto navegable importante en la costa de California entre el Puerto de Los Ángeles y la Bahía de San Francisco , y las bases, a su vez, alentaron el desarrollo de las industrias aeroespacial y de comunicaciones basadas en la defensa .
A mediados del siglo XX, Oxnard creció y desarrolló las áreas fuera del centro de la ciudad con hogares, industria, comercio minorista y un nuevo puerto llamado Channel Islands Harbor . Martin V. ("Bud") Smith (1916-2001) se convirtió en un desarrollador influyente. La primera empresa de Smith en 1941 fue Colonial House Restaurant (demolido en 1988) y luego Wagon Wheel Junction en 1947 (demolido en 2011). [12] También participó en el desarrollo de las torres de gran altura en Topa Financial Plaza, [13] el puerto de Channel Islands, Casa Sirena Resort, el centro comercial Esplanade, [14] Fisherman's Wharf, el centro comercial Carriage Square , el Museo Marítimo y muchos otros proyectos de hoteles, restaurantes y tiendas. [15] [16]
En junio de 2004, el Departamento de Policía de Oxnard y el Sheriff del Condado de Ventura impusieron una orden judicial contra pandillas sobre un área de 17 km 2 (6.6 millas cuadradas ) del distrito central de la ciudad , con el fin de restringir la actividad de las pandillas. [17] La orden judicial fue confirmada en el Tribunal Superior del Condado de Ventura y se convirtió en una ley permanente en 2005. [18] Una orden judicial similar se impuso en septiembre de 2006 en un área de 4.26 millas cuadradas (11.0 km 2 ) del lado sur de la ciudad. [19] Las actividades prohibidas incluyen la asociación con otros pandilleros conocidos, la intimidación de testigos , la posesión de armas de fuego o el uso de gestos de pandillas . [20] Desde entonces, las decisiones judiciales han hecho que agregar personas a las órdenes civiles sea más estricto, debido a demandas en los condados de Los Ángeles y Orange. Los jueces determinaron que era inconstitucional que las personas fueran agregadas a una orden judicial de pandillas sin una audiencia de debido proceso. Como resultado de los recortes presupuestarios debido a la pandemia de COVID-19 , la policía de Oxnard dejó de mantener y hacer cumplir la orden judicial en 2020. [21]
Geografía
Oxnard se encuentra en la llanura de Oxnard, un área con suelo fértil. Con sus playas, dunas, humedales, arroyos y el río Santa Clara , el área contiene una serie de importantes comunidades biológicas. Las comunidades de plantas nativas incluyen: matorrales de salvia costera , pastizales anuales de California y especies de matorrales de dunas costeras; sin embargo, la mayoría de las plantas nativas han sido eliminadas dentro de los límites de la ciudad para dar paso a la agricultura y el desarrollo urbano e industrial. También es nativa de la región la en peligro de extinción Ventura Marsh Milkvetch , y la última población autosuficiente está en Oxnard, en el centro de un desarrollo de viviendas aprobado. [22]
Ríos
El río Santa Clara separa Oxnard y Ventura. Los afluentes de este río incluyen Sespe Creek, Piru Creek y Castaic Creek.
Geología
Oxnard se encuentra en una placa tectónicamente activa, ya que la mayor parte de la costa de California está cerca de los límites entre las placas del Pacífico y de América del Norte . La Falla de San Andrés , que delimita este límite, está a unas 40 millas de distancia.
Una falla activa que atraviesa Oxnard es la falla de Oak Ridge , que se extiende a ambos lados del valle del río Santa Clara hacia el oeste desde las montañas de Santa Susana , cruza la llanura de Oxnard a través de Oxnard y se extiende hasta el canal de Santa Bárbara . La costa está sujeta a inundaciones por un tsunami de hasta 23 pies de altura. [23]
La falla ha demostrado ser un contribuyente significativo a la actividad sísmica en la región de Oxnard y más allá. Se cree que el terremoto de 6.7 Mw de Northridge que ocurrió el 17 de enero de 1994 ocurrió en la extensión de Santa Clarita de la falla de Oak Ridge. Se observaron deslizamientos de tierra y rotura de crestas como resultado del terremoto de Northridge sobre Moorpark , una ciudad a 19,6 millas (31,5 km) [24] al este de Oxnard. [25]
Clima
Oxnard es la ubicación de la oficina de pronóstico del Servicio Meteorológico Nacional que sirve al área de Los Ángeles. [26] La ciudad está situada en una zona climática mediterránea ( subtropical seca ), que experimenta inviernos suaves y relativamente húmedos, y veranos cálidos y secos, en un clima llamado clima mediterráneo de verano cálido . Las brisas terrestres mantienen a las comunidades de Oxnard más frescas en verano y más cálidas en invierno que las del interior. La temperatura media promedio es de 61 ° F (16 ° C). La temperatura mínima promedio es de 11 ° C (52 ° F) y la temperatura máxima promedio es de 21 ° C (69 ° F). Generalmente el clima es templado y seco, con 354 días de sol al año. La precipitación media anual es de 397 mm (15,62 pulgadas). [27]
Datos climáticos de Oxnard ( Aeropuerto de Camarillo ), California 1981–2010, extremos 1952 – presente | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mes | ene | feb | mar | abr | Mayo | jun | jul | ago | sep | oct | nov | dic | Año |
Registro alto ° F (° C) | 94 (34) | 90 (32) | 94 (34) | 98 (37) | 98 (37) | 93 (34) | 94 (34) | 96 (36) | 101 (38) | 101 (38) | 98 (37) | 93 (34) | 101 (38) |
Promedio alto ° F (° C) | 65,5 (18,6) | 65,3 (18,5) | 65,8 (18,8) | 68,8 (20,4) | 71,1 (21,7) | 72,5 (22,5) | 75,9 (24,4) | 76,8 (24,9) | 76,6 (24,8) | 73,5 (23,1) | 70,3 (21,3) | 65,5 (18,6) | 70,6 (21,5) |
Promedio bajo ° F (° C) | 43,2 (6,2) | 42,2 (5,7) | 46,6 (8,1) | 47,9 (8,8) | 51,7 (10,9) | 56,2 (13,4) | 58.0 (14.4) | 58,5 (14,7) | 57,0 (13,9) | 52,7 (11,5) | 46,7 (8,2) | 42,1 (5,6) | 50,2 (10,1) |
Grabar bajo ° F (° C) | 25 (−4) | 30 (−1) | 30 (−1) | 33 (1) | 36 (2) | 42 (6) | 46 (8) | 49 (9) | 43 (6) | 35 (2) | 31 (−1) | 27 (−3) | 25 (−4) |
Precipitación promedio pulgadas (mm) | 3,47 (88) | 3,71 (94) | 2,65 (67) | 0,79 (20) | 0,31 (7,9) | 0,05 (1,3) | 0,02 (0,51) | 0,04 (1,0) | 0,18 (4,6) | 0,63 (16) | 1,31 (33) | 2,06 (52) | 15,22 (385,31) |
Fuente: NOAA [28] [29] |
Vida salvaje y ecología
El área contiene varias comunidades biológicas importantes. Las comunidades de plantas nativas incluyen las especies de matorrales de salvia costera , pastizales anuales de California y matorrales de dunas costeras; sin embargo, la mayoría de las plantas nativas han sido eliminadas dentro de los límites de la ciudad para dar paso al desarrollo. También es nativa de la región la en peligro de extinción Ventura Marsh Milkvetch , con la última población autosuficiente en Oxnard en el centro de un desarrollo de viviendas. [22]
El equilibrio de la vida silvestre en Oxnard es similar al de la mayoría de los lugares en el sur de California, y los pequeños mamíferos son comunes en áreas urbanizadas, como ardillas, mapaches y zorrillos. Los coyotes se alimentan de estos mamíferos más pequeños. Las aves pequeñas y los mamíferos pueden ser alimento para perros y gatos callejeros, salvajes y mascotas. [30]
Ambiente
Oxnard tiene más plantas de energía costeras que cualquier otra ciudad de California, con tres plantas de energía de combustibles fósiles que proporcionan energía a las ciudades de los condados de Ventura y Santa Bárbara. [31] [32] La Agencia de Protección Ambiental de California (CalEPA) ha identificado a Oxnard como una ciudad excesivamente agobiada por múltiples fuentes de contaminación. [33] Dos de las centrales eléctricas utilizan refrigeración por agua del océano. [34] [35] La Oficina de Evaluación de Riesgos para la Salud Ambiental ha clasificado a gran parte de Oxnard en el 10 por ciento superior de los códigos postales más afectados negativamente por la contaminación en el estado. [33] [36] En mayo de 2015, el Ayuntamiento de Oxnard votó por unanimidad para extender la moratoria de la ciudad sobre la construcción de plantas de energía. Esta extensión de la moratoria se produjo debido a la propuesta de NRG / Southern California Edison, también conocida como Puente Power Project, [33] para construir una nueva planta de energía de combustibles fósiles. A la mañana siguiente, un representante de NRG expuso su caso para reemplazar la antigua planta de generación de energía en la playa de Mandalay por una nueva planta de alta tecnología, mucho más limpia y más eficiente. [37]
Los pesticidas se utilizan en los campos agrícolas que rodean Oxnard, ya que el área es uno de los principales productores de fresas del país , y la agricultura es uno de los principales contribuyentes a la economía de Oxnard. Las fresas dependen de grandes aplicaciones de fumigantes que contienen pesticidas. El Center for Health Journalism informó cuatro códigos postales con el mayor uso de pesticidas en el estado agrupados alrededor de Oxnard. [38]
La escuela secundaria Rio Mesa , rodeada por campos agrícolas de la llanura de Oxnard, ha estado en el centro de una queja de la Ley de Derechos Civiles del Título VI desde 1999, que abarca tres generaciones. [38] El Título VI prohíbe a los beneficiarios de fondos federales discriminar por motivos de raza, color u origen nacional. La Agencia de Protección Ambiental de los Estados Unidos (EPA) otorga rutinariamente a los reguladores de pesticidas de California millones de dólares en subvenciones. La EPA está obligada a garantizar que los beneficiarios de sus fondos cumplan con el Título VI. [39] Los demandantes argumentan que los reguladores de pesticidas de California violaron el Título VI, al aprobar permisos para toxinas que impactaron desproporcionadamente a los escolares latinos, que asistían a escuelas adyacentes a campos con los niveles más altos de bromuro de metilo en el estado. [40]
Arquitectura
Los estilos arquitectónicos históricos de las casas familiares del rancho Oxnard son la época victoriana, el estilo italiano y el gótico carpintero. [41] En el distrito histórico Henry T. Oxnard , hay cinco casas Prairie School y ocho Tudor Revival . [42] El distrito incluye Misión / Renacimiento español , Bungalow / artesano , Renacimiento colonial y otra arquitectura. [43]
Paisaje urbano
Oxnard es una combinación de vecindarios y desarrollo urbano centrado en el centro, la costa y las áreas portuarias. [44] Los principales usos del suelo de la ciudad son industriales, residenciales, comerciales y espacios abiertos. [45] La ciudad se caracteriza por edificios de uno y dos pisos, con la única excepción de varios rascacielos en la parte norte de la ciudad. La ciudad está rodeada de tierras agrícolas y el Océano Pacífico, así como el río Santa Clara . El desarrollo principal de la ciudad se encuentra a lo largo de la autopista 101 y las otras carreteras principales. [46]
El distrito histórico de Henry T. Oxnard es un 70 acres (28 hectáreas) distrito histórico que aparecía en el registro nacional de lugares históricos en Oxnard. Cubriendo aproximadamente las calles F y G, entre Palm y las calles 5, en la ciudad, el distrito incluye 139 edificios contribuyentes e incluye casas construidas en su mayoría antes de 1925. [43] Contiene arquitectura Craftsman y Revival en abundancia. [42] [47]
Ormond Beach is a beach along the Oxnard coast. The beach, which stretches for two miles,[48] adjoins the Ormond Wetlands, some farmland, and power plant remains. It covers the area in between Points Hueneme and Mugu, and is a well-known birding area. The beach historically contained marshes, salt flat, sloughs, and lagoons, but surrounding agriculture and industry have drained, filled, and degraded the beach and wetlands. However, there is still a dune-transition zone-marsh system along much of the beach.[49][50]
Demografía
Historical population | |||
---|---|---|---|
Census | Pop. | %± | |
1910 | 2,555 | — | |
1920 | 4,417 | 72.9% | |
1930 | 6,285 | 42.3% | |
1940 | 8,519 | 35.5% | |
1950 | 21,567 | 153.2% | |
1960 | 40,265 | 86.7% | |
1970 | 71,225 | 76.9% | |
1980 | 108,195 | 51.9% | |
1990 | 142,216 | 31.4% | |
2000 | 170,358 | 19.8% | |
2010 | 197,899 | 16.2% | |
2019 (est.) | 208,881 | [7] | 5.5% |
U.S. Decennial Census[51] |
2010
The 2010 United States Census[52] reported that Oxnard had a population of 197,899. The population density was 7358 people per square mile (2,841/km2). The racial makeup of Oxnard included 95,346 (48.2%) White, 5,771 (2.9%) African American, 2,953 (1.5%) Native American, 14,550 (7.4%) Asian, 658 (0.3%) Pacific Islander, 69,527 (35.1%) from other races, and 9,094 (4.6%) from two or more races. In addition, 145,551 people (73.5%) were Hispanic or Latino, of any race. Non-Hispanic Whites were 14.9% of the population in 2010,[53] compared to 42.6% in 1980.[54]
The Census reported that 196,465 people (99.3% of the population) lived in households, 932 (0.5%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 502 (0.3%) were institutionalized.
There were 49,797 households, out of which 25,794 (51.8%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 28,319 (56.9%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 7,634 (15.3%) had a female householder with no husband present, 4,043 (8.1%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 3,316 (6.7%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 395 (0.8%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 7,090 households (14.2%) were made up of individuals, and 2,665 (5.4%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.95. There were 39,996 families (80.3% of all households); the average family size was 4.20.
The population was spread out, with 59,018 people (29.8%) under the age of 18, 23,913 people (12.1%) aged 18 to 24, 57,966 people (29.3%) aged 25 to 44, 40,584 people (20.5%) aged 45 to 64, and 16,418 people (8.3%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29.9 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.4 males.
There were 52,772 housing units at an average density of 1,962 per square mile (757.6/km2), of which 27,760 (55.7%) were owner-occupied, and 22,037 (44.3%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.8%; the rental vacancy rate was 3.7%. 107,482 people (54.3% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 88,983 people (45.0%) lived in rental housing units.
2000 census
As of the census[55] of 2000, there were 170,358 people, 43,576 households, and 34,947 families residing in the city. The population density was 6,729.7 inhabitants per square mile (2,598.8/km2). There were 45,166 housing units at an average density of 1,784.2 per square mile (689.0/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 42.1% White, 3.8% African American, 1.3% Native American, 7.4% Asian, 0.4% Pacific Islander, 40.4% from other races, and 4.7% from two or more races. Two-thirds of the population (66.2%) was Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 43,576 households, out of which 46.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.4% were married couples living together, 14.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.8% were non-families. 14.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.85 and the average family size was 4.16
In the city, the population was spread out, with 31.8% under the age of 18, 11.8% from 18 to 24, 31.0% from 25 to 44, 17.3% from 45 to 64, and 8.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.0 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $48,603, and the median income for a family was $49,150. Males had a median income of $30,643 versus $25,381 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,288. About 11.4% of families and 15.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.4% of those under age 18 and 8.8% of those age 65 or over.
Economía
The economy of Oxnard includes defense, international trade, agriculture, manufacturing, and tourism. Oxnard is a manufacturing center in the Greater Los Angeles Area. The Port of Hueneme is the only deep-harbor commercial port between Los Angeles and San Francisco and moves trade within the Pacific Rim economies. Companies utilizing the Port include Del Monte Foods, Chiquita, BMW, Land Rover, and Jaguar.[citation needed] Other industries include finance, transportation, the high tech industry, and energy, particularly petroleum. Two large active oil fields underlie the city and adjacent areas: the Oxnard Oil Field, east of the city along 5th Street, and the West Montalvo Oil Field along the coast to the west of town. Tenby Inc.'s Oxnard Refinery, on 5th Street east of Del Norte Avenue, processes oil from both fields.[citation needed]
According to the city's 2009 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,[56] the top employers in the city are:
# | Employer | # of Employees |
---|---|---|
1 | St. John's Regional Medical Center | 1,994 |
2 | Oxnard Union High School District | 1,500 |
3 | Waterway Plastics | 1,300 |
4 | City of Oxnard | 1,167 |
5 | Haas Automation | 996 |
6 | Aluminum Precision Products | 700 |
Other major employers include Naval Base Ventura County, Boskovich Farms, PTI Technologies, Procter & Gamble, Seminis, Spatz Laboratories, and Gills Onions.[57]
Some of the major companies headquartered in Oxnard are Haas Automation, Seminis, Raypak, Drum Workshop, Borla Performance,[58] Boss Audio, Seed Beauty,[59] and Robbins Auto Tops[60] Procter & Gamble[61][62] and Sysco maintain their West Coast operations in Oxnard.
In October 2020, city officials announced that once a large swath of agricultural land is fully developed into an business park by late 2021, it estimates that up to 8,700 jobs will be created in the area. The area will include an Amazon fulfillment center.[63]
Agriculture
According to the Camarillo General Plan:[64] "The areas studied showed a high percentage of Group I soils, primarily located on the relatively flat Oxnard Plain. The Oxnard Plain, because of these high-quality agricultural soils, coupled with a favorable climate, is considered one of the most fertile areas in the world."
In 1995, SOAR (Save Open Space and Agricultural Resources) was initiated by farmers, ranchers and citizens of Ventura County to keep land in the Oxnard Plain from development.
Strawberries
The Oxnard Plain is well known for its strawberries. According to the USDA, Oxnard is California's largest strawberry producer, supplying about one-third of the State's annual strawberry volume.[65] From the end of September through the end of October, strawberries are planted and harvesting occurs from mid-December through mid-July in Oxnard. The peak harvesting season in California runs from April through June, when up to 10 million pint baskets of strawberries are shipped daily.[66] The state of California supplies over 85 percent of U.S. strawberries, with the U.S. supplying a quarter of total world production of strawberries.
Each year Oxnard hosts the California Strawberry Festival[67] during the summer at College Park next to Oxnard College, featuring vendors as well as food items based on the fruit such as strawberry nachos, strawberry pizza, strawberry funnel cake, strawberry sundaes, and strawberry champagne.[68][69]
Cannabis
In 2018, 80% of the voters approved a cannabis tax.[70] The city council adopted a "go slow" approach upon the legalization of recreational cannabis in California.[71] After an initial ban, businesses that focus on manufacturing, testing and distributing cannabis were allowed to apply for a permit to operate in July 2019.[72][73][74] The council decided in September 2020 to allow 10 licences to be issued.[75] Companies must be licensed by the local agency and the state to grow, test, or sell cannabis and the city may authorize none or only some of these activities. Local governments may not prohibit adults, who are in compliance with state laws, from growing, using, or transporting marijuana for personal use.
arte y Cultura
Oxnard cultural institutions include the Carnegie Art Museum, founded in 1907 as the Oxnard Public Library by philanthropist Andrew Carnegie; the Chandler Vintage Museum of Transportation and Wildlife, founded by the late Los Angeles Times publisher Otis Chandler, the Murphy Auto Museum,[76] and the Channel Islands Maritime Museum.[77] The Henry T. Oxnard Historic District[78] is adjacent to the commercial downtown area and dates back to the founding of the city. Heritage Square in downtown is a collection of restored Victorian and Craftsman houses that were once owned by Oxnard's pioneer ranching families.[79][80] Heritage Square is home to the Petit Playhouse[81] and the Elite Theatre Company.[82] The Oxnard Performing Arts and Convention Center[83][84] is home to the New West Symphony.[85] Oxnard also has the Oxnard Independent Film Festival[86] and the annual Channel Islands Tall Ships Festival.[87] The Herzog Winery is based in Oxnard[88] along with other wine tasting rooms.[89] During late July, the annual Salsa Festival is held in downtown Oxnard, featuring a salsa tasting tent, local bands, a large dance floor, local vendors, as well as many salsa based food vendors. [90]
Deportes
The Dallas Cowboys held their pre-season training camp at River Ridge Field in Oxnard in 2001, 2004–06, 2008–10 and 2012-16 (the Cowboys trained at California Lutheran University in nearby Thousand Oaks in 1963–89). The New Orleans Saints trained in Oxnard in 2011.[91] The Los Angeles Raiders trained at River Ridge in the 1980s and 90s.[92]
On February 4, 2016, the Los Angeles Rams (an NFL team) selected Oxnard to be the site of their Official Team Activities and mini camp. On February 19, 2016, the city of Oxnard and the Rams reached a tentative agreement to host official team activities or OTAs and minicamp at River Ridge Playing Fields and on February 23, 2016, the Oxnard City Council voted unanimously 5-0 to allow the Los Angeles Rams to use the River Ridge Playing Fields facility from April 18 to June 17 and the locker room space from March 28 until June 24.
River Ridge Golf Course has two 18-hole courses flanked by housing developments.[93]
Gobierno
Oxnard lies within the 26th congressional district, which is represented by Democrat Julia Brownley.
Educación
The city of Oxnard is served by 54 public school campuses which provide education to more than 53,000 students in grades K–12.
Elementary and junior high schools
The city of Oxnard and surrounding communities are served by four different school districts which oversee education for students grades K–8. They are:
- Hueneme School District: Serves 7,600 students at 11 campuses in South Oxnard, Port Hueneme and Oxnard beach neighborhoods.
- Oxnard School District: Serves 18,000 students at 21 campuses throughout Oxnard.
- Ocean View Elementary School District: Serves 3,000 students at 6 campuses in South Oxnard.
- Rio School District: Serves 5,000 students at 8 campuses in North Oxnard and El Rio.
On February 12, 2008, a shooting involving students occurred at E.O. Green Junior High School in Oxnard. Larry King was shot in one of the classrooms where he was later taken to St. John's Hospital and died.[94]
There are a number of private K–8 schools in Oxnard. These include several Catholic schools which are administered by the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Los Angeles and the non-denominational Mary Law Private School.
High schools
All public high schools in Oxnard are operated by the Oxnard Union High School District (OUHSD), which provides high school education to 20,000 students at 10 campuses in three cities (Oxnard, Camarillo and Port Hueneme) as well as the unincorporated areas of El Rio, Somis, Silver Strand, and Hollywood Beach. OUHSD campuses in and around Oxnard include Channel Islands High School, Hueneme High School, Oxnard High School, Pacifica High School, Oxnard Middle College High School, and Rio Mesa High School, as well as Oxnard Adult School.[95] Additionally, construction of a new high school has been begun, Del Sol High School.[96]
Santa Clara High School is a private Catholic high school.
Colleges and universities
Oxnard is served on the collegiate level by Oxnard College and nearby California State University Channel Islands. Additionally, California Lutheran University, California State University, Northridge, University of Phoenix, University of California, Santa Barbara, National University, and Azusa Pacific University have satellite campuses in Oxnard.
Biblioteca
A free public library system is operated by the city with three locations: the Downtown Main Library, the Colonia Branch Library, and the South Oxnard Branch Library.[97] Some library sites include a Homework Center and an adjacent to daycare center.
Infraestructura
Sanitation
Oxnard collects and processes trash, recyclables, and green waste for its citizens and businesses.[98] The city also has a large treatment plant for the collection of wastewater through the sanitary sewer.[99]
Transporte
Road
The Ventura Freeway (US 101) is the major highway running through Oxnard, connecting Ventura and Santa Barbara to the northwest, and Los Angeles to the southeast. The Pacific Coast Highway (State Route 1) heads down the coast south to Malibu. Highway 34 (Fifth Street) connects downtown Oxnard with Camarillo by running east parallel with the Southern Pacific Coast Line, which carries Coast Starlight, Pacific Surfliner and Metrolink Ventura County Line passenger trains. Highway 232 (Vineyard Avenue), heads northeast, providing connections to California State Route 118 to Saticoy and the junction with California State Route 126 which goes to Santa Paula, Fillmore and Santa Clarita.
Port
The Port of Hueneme is located south of Oxnard in the city of Port Hueneme and is jointly operated by the United States Navy and the Oxnard Harbor District. The port is the only deep water port between the Port of Long Beach and the Port of San Francisco as well as the only military deep water port between San Diego Bay and Puget Sound.
The Port of Hueneme is a shipping and receiving point for a wide variety of resources with destinations in the larger population centers of the Los Angeles Basin. Resources include automobiles, pineapples, and bananas. Agricultural products such as onions, strawberries, and flowers are shipped.[100]
The United States Navy maintains a facility at Port Hueneme, in support of the naval air station at Point Mugu to the south, with which it comprises Naval Base Ventura County. Port Hueneme is the West Coast home of the Naval Construction Force, the "Seabees", as well as a link in the coastal radar system.
Harbor
Channel Islands Harbor provides moorings for both recreational boating and commercial fishing. It shares the nickname "Gateway to the Channel Islands" with Ventura Harbor seven miles (11 km) to the north because operations that sail to the islands out of the harbors. Both harbors are vital fishing industry harbors.
Airport
Oxnard Airport is a general aviation airport within the city that is owned and operated by the County of Ventura. While commercial service was offered in the past, no airlines currently provide service.
Public transit
The Oxnard Transit Center serves as a major transit hub for the city, as well as the west county.
Rail
- Metrolink
- Six round-trip trains from Ventura County Line provide commuter service to Los Angeles on weekdays during peak hours.
- Amtrak
- Ten round-trip Pacific Surfliners daily through Los Angeles to San Diego. Some northbound trains to Santa Barbara continue on to San Luis Obispo. The Coast Starlight, that travels from Los Angeles to Seattle stops twice a day (once going north, once going south), make the west Ventura County stop here (east county stop is Simi Valley).
Bus
- Gold Coast Transit District
- Operates local bus service in the city of Oxnard, Port Hueneme, Ventura, and Ojai. Its hub is the Oxnard Transit Center. [101]
- VCTC Intercity
- Operates three Conejo Connection buses during peak hours, towards the Warner Center Transit Hub in the San Fernando Valley, connecting with the Metro G Line. The Conejo Connection does not go to the Oxnard Transit Center, but instead stops at the Esplanade Shopping Center near Highway 101. [102] VCTC also operates the Coastal Connection through Ventura towards Santa Barbara and Goleta from the Esplanade. [103]
A smaller transfer center sits at the Centerpoint Mall on C Street, which Gold Coast Transit sends most of their South Oxnard and Port Hueneme routes out from. VCTC also operates the Oxnard-CSUCI route that goes to California State University, Channel Islands and Oxnard College from this transfer center.[104]
Gente notable
Political and cultural
- Lucy Hicks Anderson: trans-woman, socialite, and chef, most notable for being tried in the Ventura County court for perjury for marrying a man while "masquerading" as a woman in 1945.[105]
- Lupe Anguiano: former nun and civil rights activist known for her work on women's rights, the rights of the poor, and the protection of the environment.
- John L. Canley: retired United States Marine and recipient of the U.S. military's highest decoration, the Medal of Honor.
- César Chávez: farm worker, political activist and union leader, lived in the Colonia area of Oxnard during his childhood. Several streets and schools in the Oxnard area and surrounding areas bear his name. A home he lived in is on Wright Road in the El Rio neighborhood, northwest of Highway 101 and Rose Avenue, where Chavez lived with his family in the late 1950s while working as an advocate for local farmworkers. Also the office of the National Farm Workers Association - which later became United Farm Workers — on Cooper Road, east of Garfield Avenue in the Colonia neighborhood. The Oxnard office opened in 1966, the year of a historic march from Delano to Sacramento.[106][107]
- William P. Clark: politician, served under President Ronald Reagan as the Deputy Secretary of State from 1981 to 1982, United States National Security Advisor from 1982 to 1983, and the Secretary of the Interior from 1983 until 1985.
- Alicia Cuarón: Mexican-American educator, human rights activist, and Franciscan nun
- Jean Harris: credited with protecting Ormond Beach Wetlands and Oxnard State Beach
- Meagan Hockaday: killed by police[108]
- Maria Gulovich Liu: Ventura County real estate agent, OSS agent in WWII[109]
- Armando Xavier Ochoa: was the Bishop of Fresno and was formerly the Bishop of El Paso.
- Carmen Perez is an activist on issues of civil rights, including mass incarceration, women's rights and gender equity, violence prevention, racial healing and community policing.[110]
- Alfred V. Rascon: awarded the Medal of Honor—the United States' highest military decoration.
- James Sumner: awarded the Medal of Honor—the United States' highest military decoration, after military service, he resided in Oxnard.
- Nao Takasugi: California State Assembly and mayor of Oxnard.
Authors
- Gilbert, Jaime, and Mario Hernandez: creators of the black-and-white independent comic Love and Rockets.
- Joyce La Mers, author of light poetry.
- Michele Serros, American author, poet, comedic social commentator and writer for the George Lopez TV series.
Musicians and entertainers
- DJ Babu: Filipino American disc jockey for the Beat Junkies and Dilated Peoples
- Ritchie Blackmore: guitarist with Deep Purple and founder of Ritchie Blackmore's Rainbow.
- Sonny Bono & Cher: Record producers, singers, actors; famous for Sonny & Cher pop duo and TV series, had a beach home in Oxnard Shores, Oxnard[111]
- Brooke Candy: rapper
- Dave Carter: American folk singer-songwriter
- Down AKA Kilo: rapper
- Dave Grohl: musician
- Ill Repute: hardcore punk band and leaders of the Nardcore movement
- Kankick: American hip-hop producer
- Homer Keller: composer (1915–1996)
- Madlib: Oxnard-based record producer, musician, rapper, and DJ noted for his work and collaborations in the jazz and hip-hop scenes
- Rich Moore: Academy Award-winning animation director (The Simpsons), and co-owner of Rough Draft Studios, Inc.
- Nails: powerviolence band
- Oh No: hip-hop rapper, producer and brother of Madlib who is signed to Stones Throw Records[112]
- Anderson .Paak: rapper, singer, songwriter, and drummer famous for reviving west coast soul and R&B
- Dudley Perkins: rapper, singer, songwriter, producer
- Ryan Seaman: drummer
- Shirley Verrett: operatic mezzo-soprano, 1931–2010
- The Warriors: hardcore band
- Steve Zaragoza: internet personality, comedian, and host on SourceFed.
Scholars and scientists
- William Bright: Linguist, who specialized in Native American and South Asian languages
- J. Richard Chase: President of Biola University and Wheaton College
- Robert P. Sharp: An American geomorphologist and expert on the geological surfaces of the Earth and the planet Mars, born and raised in Oxnard.
Business people
- Martin V. ("Bud") Smith: developer and philanthropist. The most significant developer in the Oxnard area. Built the Financial Plaza Towers and financed construction of CSUCI's school of business and economics. His first real estate project was the Wagon Wheel Motel & Restaurant and Wagon Wheel Junction.[113][114]
- Charles C. Lynch: is the former owner of a city-sanctioned, awarded in 2006, medical marijuana dispensary in Morro Bay, California. Lynch obtained a Medical marijuana dispensary Business License, a Medical Marijuana Nursery Permit and was a member of the local Chamber of Commerce, he was born in Oxnard.
- Stanley Clark Meston: was an American architect, most famous for designing the original golden arches of McDonald's restaurants, he was born in Oxnard.
- Ben Rich: was Director of Lockheed Skunk Works from 1975 to 1991 and retired to Oxnard.[115]
Actors and TV personalities
- Walter Brennan, actor, three-time winner of Academy Award, star of TV series The Real McCoys and The Guns of Will Sonnett, died in Oxnard.
- Miles Brown, actor who is best known for his role as Jack Johnson on the sitcom Black-ish.
- John Carradine, actor, lived in Oxnard for many years.
- Lee Van Cleef, actor, died in Oxnard.
- Jeffrey Combs, actor.
- Brandon Cruz, child actor and lead singer of the punk band Dr. Know, has family and a beach home in Oxnard.
- John Curtis Holmes, pornographic film star of the 1970s, had ashes scattered at sea off the coast of Oxnard in 1988.
- Rich Moore, is an American film and television animation director, screenwriter, voice actor, and a creative partner at both Rough Draft Studios and Walt Disney Animation Studios. SourceFed Host.[116]
- Isiah Mustafa, the "Old Spice Guy," former NFL player.
- Jamal Mixon, actor.
- Bob Stephenson, actor, film producer and screenwriter.
- Tricia Takasugi, reporter for KTTV Fox 11 News in Los Angeles.
- Dan Tullis Jr., an actor most notable for his role on the sitcom Married... with Children.
Athletes and sportspeople
- Bobby Ayala: former Major League Baseball pitcher for the Cincinnati Reds, Seattle Mariners, Chicago Cubs and Montreal Expos; graduated from Rio Mesa High School.
- Mark Berry: coach for the Cincinnati Reds; graduated from Hueneme High School.
- The Bryan brothers: professional ATP tennis doubles players who have graduated from Rio Mesa High School.
- Lorenzo Booker: NFL running back.
- Graciela Casillas: boxer and kickboxer.
- Hugo Centeno Jr.: boxer in the Middleweight division.
- Keary Colbert: wide receiver for the Seattle Seahawks; all-time reception leader for USC Trojans; graduated from Hueneme High School.
- Jacob Cruz: outfielder for the Cincinnati Reds; graduated from Channel Islands High School.
- Tim Curran: professional surfer; graduated from Oxnard High School.
- Lou Cvijanovich: winningest coach in California high school history; coached Santa Clara High School to 829 wins 1958–1999.
- Maxim Dadashev trained in Oxnard with former world champion Buddy McGirt[117]
- Justin De Fratus: relief pitcher for the Philadelphia Phillies, grew up in Oxnard, attended Rio Mesa High and Ventura Junior College.
- Charles Dillon: wide receiver for Green Bay Packers; played for Ventura College and Washington State; graduated from Hueneme High School in '04
- Terrance Dotsy: football player.
- Justin Dumais: diver of 2004 Summer Olympics.
- Beverly Dustrude: was a second base-woman who played in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League.
- Tony Ferguson: a professional mixed martial artist in the lightweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC); born in Oxnard.
- Scott Fujita: NFL linebacker for the Cleveland Browns; graduated from Rio Mesa High School and University of California, Berkeley.
- Mikey Garcia: boxer
- Robert Garcia: retired professional boxer; former IBF Super Featherweight Champion.
- Phil Giebler: race car driver, won Indianapolis 500 Rookie of the Year award for 2007.
- Herculez Gomez: soccer player
- Jim Hall: race car driver; two-time winning car owner of the Indianapolis 500.
- Lemuel Clarence "Bud" Houser: was a track athlete and won multiple Olympic gold medals; track athlete at Oxnard High School.
- Jeremy Jackson: pro UFC fighter, winner of King of the Mountain 2004, contestant in Ultimate Fighter 4 : The Comeback.
- Ronney Jenkins: 2001 NFL Pro Bowl kick returner for the San Diego Chargers; graduated from Hueneme High School.
- Nicole Johnson: Monster Jam monster truck driver; graduated from Rio Mesa High School
- Marion Jones: athlete, disqualified multiple Olympic gold medalist, attended and ran for Rio Mesa High School
- Eric King: former Major League Baseball pitcher; born in Oxnard.
- Tim Laker: former Major League Baseball catcher; played college baseball at Oxnard Community College.
- Dave Laut: UCLA graduate won Olympic Bronze at the 1984 Summer Olympics for shot put.[118]
- Whitney Lewis: former USC Trojans and University of Northern Iowa wide receiver; won 2003 Glenn Davis Award for top player in Southern California
- Tony Malinosky: former Major League Baseball shortstop for the Brooklyn Dodgers; longtime resident of Oxnard.
- Kristal Marshall: professional wrestler formerly with the World Wrestling Entertainment.
- Sergio Gabriel Martinez: boxer, based in Oxnard.
- Paul McAnulty: Major League Baseball outfielder with the San Diego Padres.
- Ken McMullen: former Major League Baseball third baseman with the Los Angeles Dodgers; was born in Oxnard.
- Victor Ortíz: professional boxer.
- Mike Parrott: professional baseball player and coach; born in Oxnard.
- Corey Pavin: professional golfer; winner of many tournaments including 1995 U.S. Open; graduated from Oxnard High School.[119]
- Terry Pendleton: retired baseball player, 1991 National League MVP; graduated from Channel Islands High School.
- Josh Pinkard: free safety for two-time national champion University of Southern California football team; graduated from Hueneme High School.
- Brandon Rios: professional boxer, the current WBA World lightweight champion.
- Jacob Rogers: offensive tackle for the Denver Broncos, three-year starter and All-American at USC; graduated from Oxnard High School.[120]
- Blaine Saipaia: football player for the St. Louis Rams; graduated from Channel Islands High School.
- Aaron Small: former Major League Baseball pitcher
- Paul Stankowski: professional golfer; graduated from Hueneme High School.
- Kevin Thomas: former National Football League cornerback for the Buffalo Bills, graduated from Rio Mesa High School.
- Josh Towers: pitcher for the Toronto Blue Jays; graduated from Hueneme High School and Oxnard College.
- Steve Trachsel: pitcher for the Baltimore Orioles and four other MLB teams; was born in Oxnard and attended Hathaway Elementary.
- Fernando Vargas: retired boxer, two-time light-middleweight boxing champion; graduated from Channel Islands High School.
- Dmitri Young: baseball player for the Washington Nationals; graduated from Rio Mesa High School.
- Blake Wingle: offensive guard for the Pittsburgh Steelers, Green Bay Packers and the Cleveland Browns; graduated from Rio Mesa High School.
- Cierre Wood: a running back of the Canadian Football League (CFL); former member of the Houston Texans, the New England Patriots, and the Buffalo Bills. Graduated from Santa Clara High School.
Ciudades hermanas
- Ocotlán, Jalisco (Mexico)[121]
Ver también
- Largest cities in Southern California
- Oxnard Air Force Base
- Oxnard, California−related topics
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- ^ Kisken, Tom (January 23, 2020). "Quarantine lifted at Ventura public housing complex after COVID-19 scare". Ventura County Star. Retrieved July 24, 2020.
- ^ Covarrubias, Amanda (July 22, 2016). "Trade is key topic of meeting between Mexican consul, Oxnard mayor". Ventura County Star. Retrieved July 23, 2016.
- ^ "Current Schedules". Goldcoasttransit.org. January 24, 2016. Retrieved May 30, 2016.
- ^ "VCTC Highway 101 & Conejo Connection Northbound Weekday". GoVentura. Retrieved May 30, 2016.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on February 26, 2014. Retrieved February 19, 2014.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- ^ "VCTC CSUCI Oxnard Weekday". GoVentura. Retrieved May 30, 2016.
- ^ Hannah, Jewell (March 6, 2018). She caused a riot : 100 unknown women who built cities, sparked revolutions, and massively crushed it. Naperville, Illinois. ISBN 9781492662921. OCLC 1008768117.
- ^ Gretchen, Wenner (October 29, 2011). "Oxnard sites on list of historic places linked to Cesar Chavez". Ventura County Star. Archived from the original on March 31, 2019.
- ^ Alvarez, Fred (May 28, 1993). "Chavez Home In Oxnard Was Razed Years Ago : La Colonia: Mourners mistakenly visited a dwelling next to the site where the late labor leader lived as a boy". Los Angeles Times.
- ^ Leung, Wendy (March 28, 2015). "Oxnard woman killed by police after domestic dispute call". Ventura County Star.
- ^ Dennis McLellan (October 1, 2009). "Maria Gulovich Liu, 1921 - 2009; Teacher helped U.S. agents escape Nazis". Los Angeles Times.
- ^ Kisken, Tom (February 22, 2019). "The girl from Oxnard grew up to lead the Women's March". Ventura County Star. Retrieved February 22, 2019.
- ^ "Oxnard, The Other Hollywood – Oxnard Vacation". Beachcalifornia.com. Retrieved August 14, 2010.
- ^ Ma, David (August 1, 2007). "Oh No discovers foreign funk close to home". Wax Poetics. Retrieved April 27, 2014.
- ^ Mitchell, John (November 20, 2001). "Influential developer Martin 'Bud' Smith dies". Ventura County Star.
- ^ Shepherd, Dirk (January 11, 2007). "Save the Wagon Wheel". VC Reporter. Archived from the original on April 21, 2015. Retrieved March 3, 2015.
- ^ "Obituaries : Ben Rich; Guided Lockheed's 'Skunk Works'". Los Angeles Times. January 6, 1995. Archived from the original on August 24, 2020. Retrieved August 24, 2020.
- ^ Zalben, Alex (November 2, 2012). "Interview: Director Rich Moore On 'Wreck-It Ralph' - And Where They'll Go In The Sequel". MTV News. Retrieved May 2, 2017.
- ^ Rafael, Dan; Kim, Steve (July 23, 2019). "Boxer Dadashev dies from Friday fight injuries". ESPN. Retrieved July 24, 2019.
- ^ Eads, Derry (August 28, 2009). "Laut remembered as Olympian, teacher, coach and man with heart of gold". Ventura County Star. Retrieved February 26, 2017.
- ^ "Corey Pavin". PGA Tour. Archived from the original on November 28, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2012.
- ^ Romine, Rich (June 3, 2011). "Longtime Ventura County football coach J.T. Rogers dies". Ventura County Star. Retrieved February 20, 2016.
- ^ Leung, Wendy (August 21, 2016). "Oxnard council members return from overseas trips touting city". Ventura County Star. Retrieved August 21, 2016.
Sources
- Hoad, Patricia; et al. (Spring–Summer 2002). "Oxnard at 100, The Ventura County Historical Society Quarterly". The Journal of Ventura County History. Ventura County Museum of History & Art: 6–49. ISSN 0042-3491.
- Maulhardt, Jeffrey W. (2005). Oxnard 1941–2004. Arcadia Publishing. pp. 7, 19, 28, 58, 63, 66, 68, 70, 78, 79, 81. ISBN 978-0-7385-2953-0.
- Gutleben, Dan, The Oxnard Beet Sugar Factory, Oxnard, California, 1959 – Revised 1960, page 1, Book available at the Oxnard Public Library
Otras lecturas
- Frank P. Barajas, Curious Unions: Mexican American Workers and Resistance in Oxnard, California, 1898-1961. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 2012.
enlaces externos
- Official website
- Oxnard Convention and Visitors Bureau