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El portal de pintura
La pintura es la práctica de aplicar pintura , pigmento , color u otro medio a una superficie sólida (llamada "matriz" o "soporte"). El medio se aplica comúnmente a la base con un cepillo , perose pueden usarotros implementos, como cuchillos, esponjas y aerógrafos .
En arte , el término pintura describe tanto el acto como el resultado de la acción (la obra final se llama "una pintura"). El soporte para pinturas incluye superficies tales como paredes , papel , lienzo , madera, vidrio , laca , cerámica , hojas , cobre y concreto, y la pintura puede incorporar muchos otros materiales, como arena, arcilla, papel, yeso, pan de oro y incluso objetos completos.
La pintura es una forma importante en las artes visuales , que incorpora elementos como el dibujo , la composición , el gesto (como en la pintura gestual ), la narración (como en el arte narrativo ) y la abstracción (como en el arte abstracto ). Las pinturas pueden ser naturalistas y representativas (como en la naturaleza muerta y la pintura de paisajes ), fotográficas , abstractas, narrativas, simbólicas (como en el arte simbolista ), emotivas (como en el expresionismo ) o políticas.en la naturaleza (como en el artivismo ).
Una parte de la historia de la pintura en el arte oriental y occidental está dominada por el arte religioso . Los ejemplos de este tipo de pintura van desde obras de arte que representan figuras mitológicas en cerámica, hasta escenas bíblicas en el techo de la Capilla Sixtina , hasta escenas de la vida de Buda (u otras imágenes de origen religioso oriental ). ( Artículo completo ... )
Artículos generales seleccionados
- En la crítica de arte de las décadas de 1960 y 1970, la planitud describía la suavidad y ausencia de curvatura o detalle de la superficie de una obra de arte bidimensional. ( Artículo completo ... )
- The Jerwood Painting Prize was a prize for originality and excellence in painting in the United Kingdom, awarded and funded by the Jerwood Foundation. It was open to all artists born or resident in the UK, regardless of age or reputation. Winners of the prize include Craigie Aitchison, Patrick Caulfield, Prunella Clough and Maggi Hambling. The prize was instituted in 1994, and at £30,000 was the largest of its kind in Britain. The prize is no longer awarded. (Full article...)
- In painting, local color is the natural color of an object unmodified by adding unrealistic light and shadow or any other distortion. The color that the eye observes is altered by lighting conditions such as time of day or the surrounding environment. Local color is best seen on a matte surface, due to it not being reflected, and therefore distorted.
In fine art realism and scientific descriptions of color perception, local color is the color the brain perceives an object to be. This may be radically different from the actual wavelength of light received by the pupil. For example, an apple is painted to appear red in comparison to the colors around it, but the actual pigment mixture used may be a pale green. This effect, known as color constancy, can also be observed under colored lighting in reality, and in photographs with strong color tints such as The Dress. (Full article...) - Martyrdom of St Andrew by Jusepe de Ribera, 1628 (Museum of Fine Arts (Budapest))
Tenebrism, from Italian tenebroso ("dark, gloomy, mysterious"), also occasionally called dramatic illumination, is a style of painting using especially pronounced chiaroscuro, where there are violent contrasts of light and dark, and where darkness becomes a dominating feature of the image. The technique was developed to add drama to an image through a spotlight effect, and is common in Baroque paintings. Tenebrism is used only to obtain a dramatic impact while chiaroscuro is a broader term, also covering the use of less extreme contrasts of light to enhance the illusion of three-dimensionality.
The term is somewhat vague, and tends to be avoided by modern art historians. (Full article...) - Incised painting is a technique used to decorate stone surfaces. First, a channel is scratched in the stone. Then, a thick paint or stucco plaster is laid across the surface. Last, the paint is scraped off the surface of the stone, leaving paint in the incision. This technique was used in decorating the Taj Mahal. (Full article...)
- Raking light across a wall, gives a relief like impression.
Raking light, the illumination of objects from a light source at an oblique angle or almost parallel to the surface, provides information on the surface topography and relief of the artefact thus lit. It is widely used in the examination of works of art. (Full article...) - KJ 314
Industrial paint robots have been used for decades in automotive paint applications.
Early paint robots were hydraulic versions - which are still in use today but are of inferior quality and safety - to the latest electronic offerings. The newest robots are accurate and deliver results with uniform film builds and exact thicknesses. (Full article...) - James Abbott McNeill Whistler, Nocturne in Black and Gold – The Falling Rocket, 1874
Nocturne painting is a term coined by James Abbott McNeill Whistler to describe a painting style that depicts scenes evocative of the night or subjects as they appear in a veil of light, in twilight, or in the absence of direct light. In a broader usage, the term has come to refer to any painting of a night scene, or night-piece, such as Rembrandt's The Night Watch.
Whistler used the term within the title of his works to represent paintings with a "dreamy, pensive mood" by applying a musical name. He also titled (and retitled) works using other terms associated with music, such as a "symphony", "harmony", "study" or "arrangement", to emphasize the tonal qualities and the composition and to de-emphasize the narrative content. The use of the term "nocturne" can be associated with the Tonalism movement of the American of the late 19th century and early 20th century which is "characterized by soft, diffused light, muted tones and hazy outlined objects, all of which imbue the works with a strong sense of mood." Along with winter scenes, nocturnes were a common Tonalist theme. Frederic Remington used the term as well for his nocturne scenes of the American Old West. (Full article...) - The paint and sip industry consists of group painting lessons accompanied by wine or other beverages. Many Wine and painting party studios are franchise-based and the number of businesses in this industry has increased rapidly since 2007. (Full article...)
- The Golden Apple of Discord at the wedding of Peleus and Thetis, Jacob Jordaens, 1633, 181 cm × 288 cm (71 in × 113 in), oil on canvas
A figure painting is a work of fine art in any of the painting media with the primary subject being the human figure, whether clothed or nude.
Figure painting may also refer to the activity of creating such a work. The human figure has been one of the constant subjects of art since the first stone age cave paintings, and has been reinterpreted in various styles throughout history. (Full article...) - David (1504)
"What spirit is so empty and blind, that it cannot recognize the fact that the foot is more noble than the shoe, and skin more beautiful than the garment with which it is clothed?"
— Michelangelo
The nude, as a form of visual art that focuses on the unclothed human figure, is an enduring tradition in Western art. It was a preoccupation of Ancient Greek art, and after a semi-dormant period in the Middle Ages returned to a central position with the Renaissance. Unclothed figures often also play a part in other types of art, such as history painting, including allegorical and religious art, portraiture, or the decorative arts. From prehistory to the earliest civilizations, nude female figures are generally understood to be symbols of fertility or well-being.
In India, the Khajuraho Group of Monuments built between 950 and 1050 CE are known for their erotic sculptures, which comprise about 10% of the temple decorations. Japanese prints are one of the few non-western traditions that can be called nudes, but the activity of communal bathing in Japan is portrayed as just another social activity, without the significance placed upon the lack of clothing that exists in the West. Through each era, the nude has reflected changes in cultural attitudes regarding sexuality, gender roles, and social structure. (Full article...) - Hiroshige, The moon over a waterfall
The depiction of night in paintings is common in art in Asia. Paintings that feature the night scene as the theme are mostly portraits and landscapes. Some artworks which involve religious or fantasy topics use the quality of dim night light to create mysterious atmospheres. They tend to illustrate the illuminating effect of the light reflection on the subjects under either moonlight or artificial light sources. (Full article...) - Rear view of the Louvre's prime version of Antonio Canova's Psyche Revived by Cupid's Kiss, 1793
In the art world, if an artwork exists in several versions, the one known or believed to be the earliest is called the prime version. Many artworks produced in media such as painting or carved sculpture which create unique objects are in fact repeated by their artists, often several times. It is regarded as a matter of some importance both by art historians and the art market to establish which version has "priority", that is to say was the original work. The presumption usually is that the prime version is the finest, and perhaps the most carefully done, though some later versions can be argued to improve on the originals.
In many periods the later "repetitions" were often produced by the workshop of the master, with varying degrees of supervision and direct attention from him. This was especially the case with official portraits of monarchs and politicians, which in the Early Modern period were often ordered in large numbers of versions from the court artist as diplomatic gifts. Sometimes "reduced versions" that are considerably smaller than the prime one are made. Especially in the case of 19th-century repetitions, the term autograph replica is used of repetitions by the original artist. (Full article...) - Sign painters create a new sign on the walls of the Figueroa Hotel in Los Angeles, California
Sign painting is the craft of painting lettered signs on buildings, billboards or signboards, for promoting, announcing, or identifying products, services and events. Sign painting artisans are signwriters. (Full article...) - Volume solid is the volume of paint after it has dried. Paint contains solvent, resin, pigments and additives. After applying the paint, the solid portion will be left on the substrate. Volume solid is the term which indicates the proportion of the solid contacting the paint on a volume basis. For example, if paint is applied in a wet film at a 100 μm thickness, and the volume solid of paint is 50%, then the dry film thickness will be 50 μm as 50% of the wet paint has evaporated. Suppose the volume solid is 100%, and the wet film thickness is also 100 μm. Then after complete drying of the paint, the DFT will be 100 μm because no solvent will be evaporated.
This is an important concept when using paint industrially to calculate the cost of painting. It can be said that it is the real volume of paint. (Full article...) - Tondo by Andrea della Robbia
A tondo (plural "tondi" or "tondos") is a Renaissance term for a circular work of art, either a painting or a sculpture. The word derives from the Italian rotondo, "round." The term is usually not used in English for small round paintings, but only those over about 60 cm (two feet) in diameter, thus excluding many round portrait miniatures – for sculpture the threshold is rather lower.
A circular or oval relief sculpture is also called a roundel. (Full article...) - En plein air painter on the Côte d'Argent in Hourtin, France
En plein air (pronounced [ɑ̃ plɛ.n‿ɛʁ]; French for "outdoors"), or plein air painting, is the act of painting outdoors.
This method contrasts with studio painting or academic rules that might create a predetermined look.The theory of 'En plein air' painting is credited to Pierre-Henri de Valenciennes (1750–1819) first expounded in a treatise entitled Reflections and Advice to a Student on Painting, Particularly on Landscape (1800) where he developed the concept of landscape portraiture by which the artist paints directly onto canvas in situ within the landscape. (Full article...) - Raphael, The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple, from the Vatican, 1512. The original Grand Manner
Grand Manner refers to an idealized aesthetic style derived from classicism and the art of the High Renaissance. In the eighteenth century, British artists and connoisseurs used the term to describe paintings that incorporated visual metaphors in order to suggest noble qualities. It was Sir Joshua Reynolds who gave currency to the term through his Discourses on Art, a series of lectures presented at the Royal Academy from 1769 to 1790, in which he contended that painters should perceive their subjects through generalization and idealization, rather than by the careful copy of nature. Reynolds never actually uses the phrase, referring instead to the "great style" or "grand style", in reference to history painting:
:How much the great style exacts from its professors to conceive and represent their subjects in a poetical manner, not confined to mere matter of fact, may be seen in the cartoons of Raffaelle. In all the pictures in which the painter has represented the apostles, he has drawn them with great nobleness; he has given them as much dignity as the human figure is capable of receiving yet we are expressly told in Scripture they had no such respectable appearance; and of St. Paul in particular, we are told by himself, that his bodily presence was mean. Alexander is said to have been of a low stature: a painter ought not so to represent him. Agesilaus was low, lame, and of a mean appearance. None of these defects ought to appear in a piece of which he is the hero. In conformity to custom, I call this part of the art history painting; it ought to be called poetical, as in reality it is.
Originally applied to history painting, regarded as the highest in the hierarchy of genres, the Grand Manner came thereafter also to be applied to portrait painting, with sitters depicted life size and full-length, in surroundings that conveyed the nobility and elite status of the subjects. Common metaphors included the introduction of classical architecture, signifying cultivation and sophistication, and pastoral backgrounds, which implied a virtuous character of unpretentious sincerity undefiled by the possession of great wealth and estates. (Full article...) - Ceiling painting, by Jean-André Rixens. Salle des Illustres, Le Capitole, Toulouse, France
A mural is any piece of artwork painted or applied directly on a wall, ceiling or other permanent surfaces. A distinguishing characteristic of mural painting is that the architectural elements of the given space are harmoniously incorporated into the picture.
Some wall paintings are painted on large canvases, which are then attached to the wall (e.g., with marouflage). This technique has been in common use since the late 19th century. (Full article...) - The Idle Servant; housemaid troubles were the subject of several of Nicolaes Maes' works.
Genre art is the pictorial representation in any of various media of scenes or events from everyday life, such as markets, domestic settings, interiors, parties, inn scenes, and street scenes. Such representations (also called genre works, genre scenes, or genre views) may be realistic, imagined, or romanticized by the artist. Some variations of the term genre art specify the medium or type of visual work, as in genre painting, genre prints, genre photographs, and so on.
Rather confusingly, the normal meaning of genre, covering any particular combination of an artistic medium and a type of subject matter (as, for example, in the romance novel), is also used in the visual arts. Thus, genre works, especially when referring to the painting of the Dutch Golden Age and Flemish Baroque painting—the great periods of genre works—may also be used as an umbrella term for painting in various specialized categories such as still-life, marine painting, architectural painting, and animal painting, as well as genre scenes proper where the emphasis is on human figures. Painting was divided into a hierarchy of genres, with history painting at the top, as the most difficult and therefore prestigious, and still life and architectural painting at the bottom. But history paintings are a genre in painting, not genre works. (Full article...) - In painting, accidentalism is the effect produced by accidental lights. (Full article...)
- A detail from the oldest oil paintings in the world (~ 650 AD) a series of Buddhist murals created in Bamiyan, Afghanistan.
Oil painting is the process of painting with pigments with a medium of drying oil as the binder. Commonly used drying oils include linseed oil, poppy seed oil, walnut oil, and safflower oil. The choice of oil imparts a range of properties to the oil paint, such as the amount of yellowing or drying time. Certain differences, depending on the oil, are also visible in the sheen of the paints. An artist might use several different oils in the same painting depending on specific pigments and effects desired. The paints themselves also develop a particular consistency depending on the medium. The oil may be boiled with a resin, such as pine resin or frankincense, to create a varnish prized for its body and gloss.
The oldest known oil paintings were created by Buddhist artists in Afghanistan and date back to the 7th century AD. The technique of binding pigments in oil eventually made its way to Europe by at least the 12th century. The adoption of oil paint by Europeans began with Early Netherlandish painting in Northern Europe, and by the height of the Renaissance, oil painting techniques had almost completely replaced the use of previously favored tempera paints in the majority of Europe. (Full article...) - A problem picture is a genre of art popular in late Victorian painting, characterised by the deliberately ambiguous depiction of a key moment in a narrative that can be interpreted in several different ways, or which portrays an unresolved dilemma. It has some relation to the problem play. The viewer of the picture is invited to speculate about several different possible explanations of the scene. The genre has much in common with that of book illustration, then at its most popular, but with the text belonging to the illustration omitted.Defendant and Counsel (1895), by William Frederick Yeames, an example of the problem picture, which invites the viewer to speculate on the woman's alleged crime and on whether or not she may be guilty.
The genre began to emerge in the second half of the nineteenth century, along with the development of book illustrations that depicted "pregnant" moments in a narrative. One of the earliest problem pictures is John Everett Millais' Trust Me, which depicts an older man demanding that a young woman hand him a letter she has received. Either character might be uttering the words. The significance and content of the letter is left to the imagination. Their relationship is also unclear; in view of their ages, they might be a married couple, or a father and daughter. (Full article...) - The ISCC–NBS System of Color Designation is a system for naming colors based on a set of 12 basic color terms and a small set of adjective modifiers. It was first established in the 1930s by a joint effort of the Inter-Society Color Council, made up of delegates from various American trade organizations, and the National Bureau of Standards, a US government agency. As suggested in 1932 by the first chairman of the ISCC, the system’s goal is to be “a means of designating colors in the United States Pharmacopoeia, in the National Formulary, and in general literature ... such designation to be sufficiently standardized as to be acceptable and usable by science, sufficiently broad to be appreciated and used by science, art, and industry, and sufficiently commonplace to be understood, at least in a general way, by the whole public.” The system aims to provide a basis on which color definitions in fields from fashion and printing to botany and geology can be systematized and regularized, so that each industry need not invent its own incompatible color system.
In 1939, the system’s approach was published in the Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards, and the ISCC formally approved the system, which consisted of a set of blocks within the color space defined by the Munsell color system as embodied by the Munsell Book of Color. Over the following decades the ISCC–NBS system’s boundaries were tweaked and its relation to various other color standards were defined, including for instance those for plastics, building materials, botany, paint, and soil. After the definition of the Munsell system was slightly altered by its 1943 renotations, the ISCC–NBS system was redefined in the 1950s in relation to the new Munsell coordinates. In 1955, the NBS published The Color Names Dictionary, which cross-referenced terms from several other color systems and dictionaries, relating them to the ISCC–NBS system and thereby to each other. In 1965, the NBS published Centroid Color Charts made up of color samples demonstrating the central color in each category, as a physical representation of the system usable by the public, and also published The Universal Color Language, a more general system for color designation with various degrees of precision from completely generic (13 broad categories) to extremely precise (numeric values from spectrophotometric measurement). In 1976, The Color Names Dictionary and The Universal Color Language were combined and updated with the publication of Color: Universal Language and Dictionary of Names, the definitive source on the ISCC–NBS system. (Full article...) - Johannes Vermeer's Girl with a Pearl Earring (1665–1667), known as the Mona Lisa of the North.
The history of Western painting represents a continuous, though disrupted, tradition from antiquity until the present time. Until the mid-19th century it was primarily concerned with representational and Classical modes of production, after which time more modern, abstract and conceptual forms gained favor.
Initially serving imperial, private, civic, and religious patronage, Western painting later found audiences in the aristocracy and the middle class. From the Middle Ages through the Renaissance painters worked for the church and a wealthy aristocracy. Beginning with the Baroque era artists received private commissions from a more educated and prosperous middle class. The idea of "art for art's sake" began to find expression in the work of the Romantic painters like Francisco de Goya, John Constable, and J. M. W. Turner. During the 19th century commercial galleries became established and continued to provide patronage in the 20th century. (Full article...)
Técnicas de pintura seleccionadas
- Trabajar en capas es un sistema para crear pinturas artísticas que implican el uso de más de una capa de pintura. ( Artículo completo ... )
- Triumph of the Name of Jesus, by Giovanni Battista Gaulli, on the ceiling of the Church of the Gesu. The decorations of the vault over the nave date back to the 17th century. The fresco is the work of Giovanni Battista Gaulli, known as Baciccia. The stucco reliefs were executed by Ercole Antonio Raggi and Leonardo Reti, following the drawings of Baciccia who wanted to effect a real continuity between painting and sculpture.
Illusionism in art history means either the artistic tradition in which artists create a work of art that appears to share the physical space with the viewer or more broadly the attempt to represent physical appearances precisely – also called mimesis. The term realist may be used in this sense, but that also has rather different meanings in art, as it is also used to cover the choice of ordinary everyday subject-matter, and avoiding idealizing subjects. Illusionism encompasses a long history, from the deceptions of Zeuxis and Parrhasius to the works of muralist Richard Haas in the twentieth century, that includes trompe-l'œil, anamorphosis, optical art, Abstract illusionism, and illusionistic ceiling painting techniques such as di sotto in sù and quadratura. Sculptural illusionism includes works, often painted, that appear real from a distance. Other forms, such as the illusionistic tradition in the theatre, and Samuel van Hoogstraten's "peepshow"-boxes from the seventeenth century, combine illusionistic techniques and media. (Full article...) - Still Life: Vase with Pink Roses is an oil painting by Van Gogh in 1890 which makes extensive use of the impasto technique.
Impasto is a technique used in painting, where paint is laid on an area of the surface in very thick layers, usually thick enough that the brush or painting-knife strokes are visible. Paint can also be mixed right on the canvas. When dry, impasto provides texture; the paint appears to be coming out of the canvas. (Full article...) - Hanging scroll painting by Gao Qipei: Finger Painting of Eagle and Pine Trees. On display at the Shanghai Museum.
Fingerpaint is a kind of paint intended to be applied with the fingers; it typically comes in pots and is used by small children, though it has occasionally been used by adults either to teach art to children, or for their own use. (Full article...) - Raphael's La belle jardinière, showing the use of unione
According to the theory of the art historian Marcia B. Hall, which has gained considerable acceptance, unione (Italian: [uˈnjoːne]) is one of four modes of painting colours available to Italian High Renaissance painters, along with sfumato, chiaroscuro and cangiante. Unione was developed by Raphael, who exemplified it in the Stanza della Segnatura.
Unione is similar to sfumato, but is more useful for the edges of chiaroscuro, where vibrant colors are involved. As with chiaroscuro, unione conveys the contrasts, and as sfumato it strives for harmony and unity, but also for coloristic richness. Unione is softer than chiaroscuro in the search for the right tonal key. There should be the harmony between light and dark, without the excesses and accentuation of a chiaroscuro mode. (Full article...) - 18"x34" powder painting by Jim Boles, homage to Wolf Kahn.
Powder painting is the art of using ground glass in powdered form to create kilnformed glass art. The process differs from enameling in many respects. Firstly, the powder is actually ground glass typically from a single manufacturer who supplies an extensive color palette. Large jars can be purchased which are fairly inexpensive compared to enamels, making large scale paintings possible
This technique is one variation of many ways to create images on glass using glass bits (frits), and in this case powder. (Full article...) - LVLP system.
Spray painting is a painting technique in which a device sprays coating material (paint, ink, varnish, etc.) through the air onto a surface. The most common types employ compressed gas—usually air—to atomize and direct the paint particles. Spray guns evolved from airbrushes, and the two are usually distinguished by their size and the size of the spray pattern they produce. Airbrushes are hand-held and used instead of a brush for detailed work such as photo retouching, painting nails, or fine art. Air gun spraying uses generally larger equipment. It is typically used for covering large surfaces with an even coating of liquid. Spray guns can be either automated or hand-held and have interchangeable heads to allow for different spray patterns. Single color aerosol paint cans are portable and easy to store. (Full article...) - In art, prestezza is a painting technique that utilizes rapid brushstrokes to make impressions of faces and objects as opposed to painting them out in detail. The technique allows for faster painting and makes the undercoat an integral part of the painting itself. (Full article...)
- Brain painting is a non-invasive P300-based brain-computer interface (BCI) that allows painting without the use of muscular activity. The technology combines electroencephalography, signal processing algorithms and visual stimulation on a monitor to detect where the user focuses his attention, allowing him to voluntarily trigger commands to a painting software. The research project aims at assisting people afflicted with the Locked-in syndrome due to neurological or neuromuscular disease (e.g. amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ALS), who are severely restricted in communication with their environment, and therefore cut off from the possibility of creative expression. (Full article...)
Overpainting can mean the final layers of paint, over some type of underpainting, in a system of working in layers. It can also mean later paint added by restorers, or an artist or dealer wishing to "improve" or update an old image—a very common practice in the past. The underpainting gives a context in which the paint-strokes of the overpainting become more resonant and powerful. When properly done, overpainting does not need to completely obscure the underpainting. It is precisely the interaction of the two that gives the most interesting effects.
Overpainting was used extensively in many schools of art. Some of the most spectacular results can be seen in the work of Jan van Eyck. (Full article...)- Detail from Seurat's Parade de cirque, 1889, showing the contrasting dots of paint which define Pointillism
Pointillism (/ˈpwæ̃tɪlɪzəm/, also US: /ˈpwɑːn-ˌ ˈpɔɪn-/) is a technique of painting in which small, distinct dots of color are applied in patterns to form an image.
Georges Seurat and Paul Signac developed the technique in 1886, branching from Impressionism. The term "Pointillism" was coined by art critics in the late 1880s to ridicule the works of these artists, but is now used without its earlier pejorative connotation. The movement Seurat began with this technique is known as Neo-impressionism. The Divisionists used a similar technique of patterns to form images, though with larger cube-like brushstrokes. (Full article...) - Golden Pheasant and Cotton Rose Flowers with Butterflies (11th century) by Emperor Huizong of Song
Gongbi (simplified Chinese: 工笔; traditional Chinese: 工筆; pinyin: gōng bǐ; Wade–Giles: kung-pi) is a careful realist technique in Chinese painting, the opposite of the interpretive and freely expressive xieyi (寫意 'sketching thoughts') style.
The name is from the Chinese gong jin meaning 'tidy' (meticulous brush craftsmanship). The gongbi technique uses highly detailed brushstrokes that delimits details very precisely and without independent or expressive variation. It is often highly colored and usually depicts figural or narrative subjects. (Full article...) - Graining is the practice of imitating wood grain on a non-wood surface, or on relatively undesirable wood surface, in order to increase that surface's aesthetic appeal. Graining was common in the 19th century, as people were keen on imitating hard, expensive woods by applying a superficial layer of paint onto soft, inexpensive woods. Graining can be accomplished using either rudimentary tools or highly specialized tools. A specialized thick brush used for graining is often called a mottler. It is carried out in layers, with the first layer being a base, and then a second layer applied later, today usually by means of a sponge. During the 19th century, however, brushes were more commonly used. It can also be applied on bricks and brass, as is more common today.Imitation burl walnut
Graining can also mean the production of any artificial texture on any surface. For example, in printing, making the smooth metal sheets used in modern printing processes coarse. A stoneworking equivalent of graining is marbling. (Full article...) - Badger Studying a Sutra by Shibata Zeshin (Japan)
Lacquer painting is a form of painting with lacquer which was practised in China, Korea and Japan for decoration on lacquerware, and found its way to Europe both via Persia and by direct contact with Asia. The genre was revived and developed as a distinct genre of fine art painting by Vietnamese artists in the 1930s; the genre is known in Vietnamese as "sơn mài." (Full article...) - Overspray refers to the application of any form of paint, varnish, stain or other non-water-soluble airborne particulate material onto an unintended location. This concept is most commonly encountered in graffiti, auto detailing, and when commercial paint jobs drift onto unintended objects. (Full article...)
- Maki-e (蒔絵, literally: sprinkled picture (or design)) is Japanese lacquer decoration technique in which pictures, patterns, and letters are drawn with lacquer on the surface of lacquerware, and then metal powder such as gold or silver is sprinkled and fixed on the surface of the lacquerware. The origin of the term maki-e is a compound word of Maki meaning sprinkling and E meaning picture or design. The term can also be used to refer to lacquerware made with this decorative technique. The term maki-e first appeared in the Heian period.Maki-e
This technique is the most used technique in Japanese lacquer decoration. The maki-e is often combined with other techniques such as raden (螺鈿) in which a nacreous layer of shellfish is embedded or pasted in lacquer, zōgan (象嵌) in which metal or ivory is embedded in lacquer, and chinkin (沈金) in which gold leaf or gold powder is embedded in a hollow where lacquer has been shaved. (Full article...) - Captain Joseph' - Chinese reverse glass painting from c. 1785-9.
Reverse painting on glass is an art form consisting of applying paint to a piece of glass and then viewing the image by turning the glass over and looking through the glass at the image. Another term used to refer to the art of cold painting and gilding on the back of glass is verre églomisé, named after the French decorator Jean-Baptiste Glomy (1711–86), who framed prints using glass that had been reverse-painted. In German it is known as Hinterglasmalerei.
This art form has been around for many years. It was widely used for sacral paintings since the Middle Ages. The most famous was the art of icons in the Byzantine Empire. Later the painting on glass spread to Italy, where in Venice it influenced its Renaissance art. Since the middle of the 18th century, painting on glass became favored by the Church and the nobility throughout Central Europe. A number of clock faces were created using this technique in the early-to-mid-19th century. Throughout the 19th century painting on glass was widely popular as folk art in Austria, Bavaria, Moravia, Bohemia and Slovakia. Unfortunately, during the inter-war period (1914–1945) this traditional "naive" technique fell nearly to a complete oblivion and its methods of paint composition and structural layout had to be re-invented by combining acrylic and oil paints. A new method of reverse painting emerged using polymer glazing methods that permitted the artworks to be painted direct to an acrylic UV coating on the glass. The unique under glass effect retains a curious depth even though the layered painting on the glass was bonded to a final linen support and now stretcher bar mounted after being carefully removed from the original 'glass easel'. Current glass painting may disappear with the advent of using aerospace mylar as a preliminary support. (Full article...) - Madonna and Child by Duccio, tempera with gold ground on wood, 1284, Siena
Tempera (Italian: [ˈtɛmpera]), also known as egg tempera, is a permanent, fast-drying painting medium consisting of colored pigments mixed with a water-soluble binder medium, usually glutinous material such as egg yolk. Tempera also refers to the paintings done in this medium. Tempera paintings are very long-lasting, and examples from the first century AD still exist. Egg tempera was a primary method of painting until after 1500 when it was superseded by the invention of oil painting. A paint consisting of pigment and binder commonly used in the United States as poster paint is also often referred to as "tempera paint", although the binders in this paint are different from traditional tempera paint. (Full article...) - Newly Risen Moon over a Brushwood Gate. Fujita Museum of Art, Osak.
Shigajiku (Japanese: 詩画軸, "poem-and-painting scrolls"), are a form of Japanese ink wash painting. These hanging scrolls depict poetic inscriptions at the top of the scroll and a painted image, usually a landscape scene, below. Buddhist monks of the gozan 五山 or Five Mountain monasteries of the early Muromachi Period (1336-1573) first introduced the poem-and-painting scrolls.
Shigajiku is a modern category given to the visual and literary culture of the Muromachi Period rooted in the Zen tradition. The most common visual aesthetic for shigajiku is a monochrome water and ink style of painting, suibokuga 水墨画, with only occasional traces of color throughout the scroll. (Full article...) - An artist working on a watercolor using a round brush
Watercolor (American English) or watercolour (British English; see spelling differences), also aquarelle (French, from Italian diminutive of Latin aqua "water"), is a painting method in which the paints are made of pigments suspended in a water-based solution. Watercolor refers to both the medium and the resulting artwork. Aquarelles painted with water-soluble colored ink instead of modern water colors are called "aquarellum atramento" (Latin for "aquarelle made with ink") by experts. However, this term has been more and more passing out of use.
The traditional and most common support—material to which the paint is applied—for watercolor paintings is watercolor paper. Other supports include papyrus, bark papers, plastics, vellum, leather, fabric, wood and watercolor canvas (coated with a gesso that is specially formulated for use with watercolours). Watercolor paper is often made entirely or partially with cotton. This gives the surface the appropriate texture and minimizes distortion when wet.Watercolor papers are usually cold pressed papers, and gives better texture and look with GSM between 200 and 300. Watercolors are usually translucent, and appear luminous because the pigments are laid down in a pure form with few fillers obscuring the pigment colors. Watercolors can also be made opaque by adding Chinese white. (Full article...) - A matte painting is a painted representation of a landscape, set, or distant location that allows filmmakers to create the illusion of an environment that is not present at the filming location. Historically, matte painters and film technicians have used various techniques to combine a matte-painted image with live-action footage (compositing). At its best, depending on the skill levels of the artists and technicians, the effect is "seamless" and creates environments that would otherwise be impossible or expensive to film. In the scenes the painting part is static and movements are integrated on it. (Full article...)
- Freehand brush work is a genre of Chinese traditional painting which includes poem, calligraphy, painting and seal. In Chinese called Hsieh yi (traditional Chinese: 寫意; simplified Chinese: 写意; pinyin: Xiěyì), which literally means "writing ideas". It was formed in a long period of artistic activities and promoted by the literati. Through the inheritance and development in the past dynasties, freehand brush work has gradually become the most influential and popular genre.
The freehand brush work emphasizes the semblance in the spiritual aspect. This kind of artwork does not chase for the physical similarity and the cooperation of reality. And it might be the essence of freehand brush work that it mostly grasps the most obvious or essential spiritual characteristics. The first rule of freehand brush work is the use of connotation which is a kind of spiritual meaning. It focuses on the personality and the cooperation of every element in the painting. (Full article...) - A Chinoiserie Procession of Figures Riding on Elephants with Temples Beyond, oil on canvas verdaille by Jean-Baptiste Pillement
Verdaille is a painting executed entirely or primarily in shades of green. Such a painting is described as having been painted "en verdaille".
Verdaille has its roots in 12th century stained glass made for Cistercian monasteries, which prohibited the use of colored art in 1134. Such paintings are less common than paintings executed in grey (grisaille) or in brown (brunaille). (Full article...) - The Creation of Adam, a fresco painting by Italian artist Michelangelo
Fresco (plural frescos or frescoes) is a technique of mural painting executed upon freshly laid ("wet") lime plaster. Water is used as the vehicle for the dry-powder pigment to merge with the plaster, and with the setting of the plaster, the painting becomes an integral part of the wall. The word fresco (Italian: affresco) is derived from the Italian adjective fresco meaning "fresh", and may thus be contrasted with fresco-secco or secco mural painting techniques, which are applied to dried plaster, to supplement painting in fresco. The fresco technique has been employed since antiquity and is closely associated with Italian Renaissance painting. (Full article...) - An example of the drybrush technique using black acrylic paint on illustration board
Drybrush is a painting technique in which a paint brush that is relatively dry, but still holds paint, is used. Load is applied to a dry support such as paper or primed canvas. The resulting brush strokes have a characteristic scratchy look that lacks the smooth appearance that washes or blended paint commonly have.
The drybrush technique can be achieved with both water-based and oil-based media. With water-based media such as inks, acrylic paints, tempera paints or watercolor paints, the brush should be dry or squeezed dry of all water. The brush should then be loaded with paint that is highly viscous or thick. The loaded brush should then be applied to a dry support. With other water-based media, the brush should be loaded with paint then squeezed dry. (Full article...)
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Imágenes generales
Las siguientes son imágenes de varios artículos relacionados con la pintura en Wikipedia.
La Mona Lisa (1503-1517) de Leonardo da Vinci es una de las pinturas más reconocibles del mundo.
Dos escribas sentados con libros y una mesa para escribir Fragmento de un margen decorativo en el norte de la India (escuela Mughal), ca. 1640-1650
Diosa Madre Una pintura en miniatura del estilo Pahari , que data del siglo XVIII. Las miniaturas de Pahari y Rajput comparten muchas características en común.
Honoré Daumier , El pintor (1808-1879), óleo sobre tabla con pinceladas visibles
Hace 30.000 a 32.000 años se hizo una representación artística de un grupo de rinocerontes en la cueva Chauvet .
Período Muromachi , Shingei (1431-1485), Ver una cascada , Museo Nezu, Tokio.
Nísperos y Mountain Bird , artista anónimo de la dinastía Song del Sur ; pinturas en estilo álbum de hojas como ésta fueron populares en la canción del sur (1127-1279).
Cueva de las Manos (español para Cueva de las Manos) en la provincia de Santa Cruz en Argentina, c. 7300 a. C.
Un frasco pintado chino de la era Han occidental (202 a. C. - 9 d. C.)
Icono encáustico del monasterio de Santa Catalina , Egipto (siglo VI)
Una batalla entre Bima y Krishna, un ejemplo de la pintura tradicional indonesia moderna.
Max Ernst , 1920, Surrealismo temprano
Pintura mural funeraria de terracota griega helenística , siglo III A.C.
Refugios de roca de Bhimbetka , pintura rupestre , Edad de Piedra , India
La impresión de 1872 de Claude Monet , Sunrise inspiró el nombre del movimiento.
Diego Rivera , Recreación del hombre en la encrucijada (rebautizado como Hombre, controlador del universo ), creado originalmente en 1934, movimiento muralista mexicano
Patrick Henry Bruce , modernismo estadounidense , 1924
Refugios de roca de Bhimbetka , pintura rupestre , Edad de Piedra , India
Mañana de primavera en el Palacio Han , por el artista de la era Ming Qiu Ying (1494-1552 d. C.)
Lascaux , Uro ( Bos primigenius primigenius )
Cuadro sobre seda que representa a un hombre montado en un dragón , pintado sobre seda , datado en los siglos V-III a. C., período de los Reinos Combatientes , de la Tumba de Zidanku núm. 1 en Changsha ,provincia de Hunan
Jean Metzinger , La danse (Bacchante) (c.1906), óleo sobre lienzo, 73 x 54 cm, Museo Kröller-Müller
Joven madre cosiendo , Mary Cassatt
Bautismo de Cristo en una pintura nubia medieval del Viejo Dongola
Pettakere Cave tiene más de 44.000 años, Maros , South Sulawesi , Indonesia
Otto Marseus van Schrieck , Bodegón en el suelo del bosque (1666)
Paul Klee , 1922, Bauhaus
Andreas Achenbach , Clearing Up, Coast of Sicily (1847), Museo de Arte Walters
Eland , pintura rupestre , Drakensberg , Sudáfrica
Joan Miró , Caballo, pipa y flor roja , 1920, Surrealismo abstracto, Museo de Arte de Filadelfia
Georges Seurat , Circus Sideshow ( francés : Parade de cirque ) (1887-1888)
La pintura figurativa más antigua conocida es una representación de un toro que fue descubierto en la cueva Lubang Jeriji Saléh en Indonesia . Fue pintado hace 40.000 años o antes.
Lascaux , Caballo
Pictogramas de la Gran Galería, Parque Nacional Canyonlands, Horseshoe Canyon , Utah , c. 1500 a. C.
Un fresco de la Cueva 1 de Ajanta.
Morgan Russell , Sincromía cósmica (1913–14), Sincromismo
Piet Mondrian , Composición en rouge, jaune, bleu et noir (1921), Gemeentemuseum Den Haag
Edward Hopper 1942, pintura de escena americana
Henri Matisse 1909, fauvismo tardío
Nino Pisano , Apeles o el arte de pintar en detalle (1334-1336); Alivio del campanario de Giotto en Florencia , Italia.
Libro de horas
Bharat Mata de Abanindranath Tagore (1871-1951), sobrino del poeta Rabindranath Tagore y pionero del movimiento
Giorgio de Chirico 1914, pre- surrealismo
El Buda Sakyamuni , de Zhang Shengwen , 1173–1176 d. C., período de la dinastía Song .
Ángel blanco (fresco), Mileševa, Serbia
Gwion Pinturas rupestres de Gwion encontradas en la región noroccidental de Kimberley en Australia Occidental c. 15.000 a. C.
Lascaux , toros y caballos
John Martin , Manfred en el Jungfrau (1837), acuarela
Pierre Bonnard , 1913, pintura narrativa modernista europea
Marcel Duchamp , Desnudo bajando una escalera, No. 2 , 1912, Museo de Arte de Filadelfia
Jean de Court (atribuido), plato esmaltado de Limoges pintado en detalle (mediados del siglo XVI), Waddesdon Bequest , Museo Británico
Emperador Qianlong practicando caligrafía , de mediados del siglo XVIII.
Rembrandt van Rijn , La novia judía , ca. 1665-1669
Bisonte , en el gran salón de policromes, Cueva de Altamira , España
Pintura rupestre prehistórica de uros ( francés : Bos primigenius primigenius )), Lascaux , Francia
Juan Luna , La vida parisina , 1892
Sesshū Tōyō , Paisajes de las Cuatro Estaciones (1486), tinta y color claro sobre papel
Maurice Quentin de La Tour , Retrato de Luis XV de Francia (1748), pastel
Piet Mondrian , "Composition No. 10" 1939-1942, De Stijl
Un fresco que muestra a Hades y Perséfone montados en un carro , de la tumba de la reina Eurídice I de Macedonia en Vergina , Grecia, siglo IV A.C.
Max Beckmann , La noche (Die Nacht) , 1918-1919, Kunstsammlung Nordrhein-Westfalen , Düsseldorf
Brice Marden , 1966/1986, Pintura monocromática
Ray Burggraf , Jungle Arc (1998), pintura acrílica sobre madera
Grant Wood , 1930, realismo social
Johannes Vermeer , c. 1660
Francis Picabia , (izquierda) Le saint des saints c'est de moi qu'il s'agit dans ce retrato , 1 de julio de 1915; (centro) Portrait d'une jeune fille americaine en l'état de nudité , 5 de julio de 1915: (derecha) J'ai vu et c'est de toi qu'il s'agit, De Zayas! ¡De Zayas! Je suis venu sur les rivages du Pont-Euxin , Nueva York, 1915
Reza Abbasi , dos amantes (1630)
Pintura de más de 40.000 años de antigüedad, animales de Sulawesi anoa y manos humanas antiguas, Maros Pangkep, Indonesia .
Pintura rupestre española de toros
La cueva Lubang Jeriji Saléh , en Kalimantan , Indonesia , una de las pinturas figurativas más antiguas conocidas en el mundo, una representación de un toro, tiene una antigüedad de 40.000 años.
Petroglifos , de Suecia, Edad del Bronce Nórdica (pintados)
Chen Hongshou (1598-1652), Pintura del álbum Leaf ( dinastía Ming )
Un evangelista iluminado etíope retrato de Marcos el evangelista , de los evangelios Garima etíope , siglo VI d.C., Reino de Aksum
El Padre Eterno pintando a la Virgen de Guadalupe . Atribuido a Joaquín Villegas (1713 - activo en 1753) (mexicano) (pintor, Museo Nacional de Arte .
Fabián de la Rosa , Mujeres que trabajan en los arrozales , 1902
Francisco de Zurbarán , Bodegón con vasijas de cerámica ( español : Bodegón de recipientes ) (1636), óleo sobre lienzo, 46 x 84 cm, Museo del Prado , Madrid
Edvard Munch , 1893, ejemplo temprano de expresionismo
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Temas
Temas generales de pintura
- Pintura occidental del siglo XX
- Arte abstracto
- Accidentalismo (pintura)
- Arte hecho por animales
- Pintura arquitectónica
- Carpeta (material)
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- Inscape (arte visual)
- Sistema ISCC – NBS
- Premio de Pintura Jerwood
- Letras y figuras
- Pintura en vivo
- Color local (arte visual)
- Técnica mixta
- Mural
- Noche en cuadros (arte oriental)
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- Nocturne (pintura)
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- Pintura al óleo
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- Overdoor
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- Pinturas
- Historia de la pintura
- Panorama (arte)
- Peintres de la Réalité
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- Pentimento
- Marco
- Pinxit
- Plegaria
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- Versión Prime
- Imagen del problema
- Rastrillar la luz
- Pintura de telémetro
- Arte de género escocés
- Auto retrato
- Pintura de letreros
- Rotulista
- Staffage
- Estilo (artes visuales)
- Tenebrismo
- Teoria de la pintura
- Tondo (arte)
- Volumen sólido
- Lavar (artes visuales)
- Pintura de acuarela
- Pintura occidental
Técnicas de pintura
- Técnicas de pintura acrílica
- Pintura de acción
- Aerógrafo
- Al-Qatt Al-Asiri
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- Pintura de corteza
- Pintura de cerebro
- Brunaille
- Fresco de Buon
- Cangiante
- Clavel (pintura)
- Esmalte cerámico
- Pintura china
- Arte de telaraña
- Pintura de telaraña
- Ian Cook (artista)
- Craquelado
- Moquillo (pintura)
- Pintura a doble cara
- Pintura de abrigo de vestir
- Pintura por goteo
- Pincel seco
- Recubrimiento electrostático
- Pintura encáustica
- Grasa sobre magra
- Pintura de figuras (pasatiempo)
- Pintura de dedos
- Pintura de vanguardia
- Trabajo con pincel a mano alzada
- Fresco
- Pintura al fresco
- Fresco-secco
- Proceso de Gambier Parry
- Arte generativo
- Giornata
- Glaze (técnica de pintura)
- Tamaño del pegamento
- Gongbi
- Pintada
- Granulado
- Grisaille
- Haboku
- Ilusionismo (arte)
- Pintura de techo ilusionista
- Pasta
- Imprimatura
- Pintura industrial
- Pintura de lavado de tinta
- Intonaco
- El proceso de Keim
- Pintura laca
- Pintura de hojas
- Final lamido
- Revestimiento de cuadros
- Maki-e
- Maruflaje
- Enmascaramiento (arte)
- Pintura mate
- Arte microbiano
- Pintura mineral
- Mischtechnik
- Pintura de molde
- Pintura de boca y pies
- Nocturne (pintura)
- No un
- Boceto al óleo
- Tresillo
- Sobrepintado
- Sobrepulverización
- Pintar por número
- Pintura
- Cuadro
- Pintura de panel
- Papier collé
- Pastiglia
- Pintura de la pluma
- Rayas
- Puntillismo
- Policromo
- Pintura en polvo
- Prestezza
- Protoquadro
- Quadratura
- Quadro riportato
- Repoussoir
- Pintura de vidrio inverso
- Rosemåling
- Pintura campana rotacional
- Pintura de arena
- Sfumato
- Lienzo con forma
- Shigajiku
- Pintura de seda
- Linea de alta velocidad
- Pintura Rápida
- Seguridad de la pintura en aerosol
- Pintura con pistola
- Pintura al temple
- Textura (pintura)
- Plantilla de teorema
- Trampantojo
- Dibujo subyacente
- Pintura de fondo
- Unione
- Pintura de terciopelo
- Verdaccio
- Verdaille
- Vitreografía (forma de arte)
- Lavar (artes visuales)
- Pintura de acuarela
- Mojado sobre mojado
- Trabajando en capas
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