Este artículo detalla la historia del fútbol en Escocia .
Historia temprana (anterior a 1867)
El origen del fútbol en Escocia es incierto. Los montañeses aparentemente nunca jugaron tal juego (a diferencia de otras regiones celtas, como Cornualles , Gales y Bretaña ). Por tanto, se ha sugerido que el fútbol llegó a Escocia procedente de Francia o Inglaterra . [1]
Varios juegos, conocidos como "fútbol" (o variantes) se jugaron en Escocia en la Edad Media. Sin embargo, a pesar de llevar el mismo nombre, los osos de fútbol medievales se parecían poco a la Asociación de Fútbol ( soccer ). La pelota a menudo se llevaba con la mano, y los equipos a menudo eran grandes o desiguales en número, y a veces se involucraba scrum . Algunos de estos juegos todavía se juegan hasta el día de hoy, en particular en Kirkwall y Jedburgh ; vea el juego de Ba .
La primera referencia al "fute-ball" en Escocia fue en 1424 cuando el rey Jaime I prohibió su juego en la Ley de Fútbol de 1424 . Esto probablemente se debió a la disrupción que estaba teniendo el fútbol en el entrenamiento militar, así como a su naturaleza a menudo violenta. Los reyes posteriores emitieron decretos muy similares, lo que sugiere que las prohibiciones no tuvieron éxito. Ciertamente, Jacobo VI de Escocia era muy consciente de la naturaleza violenta del fútbol, escribiendo, en su Basilikon Doron de 1599 , para excluir del ejercicio encomiable "todos los ejercicios bruscos y violentos, como el fútbol, más para lamer que capacitar a los usuarios ". [2] [3] Sin embargo, hubo momentos en que las prohibiciones reales parecían haberse relajado, si no oficialmente. En 1497 las cuentas del Lord High Treasurer incluyen la compra de balones de fútbol para James IV . No se sabe si alguna vez jugó el juego. También existe la tradición de que el rey James V cruzó de Melrose a Jedburgh para participar en el juego de pelota de Jedburgh. Sin embargo, no hay evidencia documentada que corrobore esta creencia y el relato contemporáneo más antiguo del juego en Jedburgh viene mucho más tarde, a principios del siglo XVIII.
La violencia en los primeros juegos de fútbol escoceses fue sin duda una razón importante para estos decretos reales y más evidencia proviene de la literatura escocesa del siglo XVI , por ejemplo, en los siguientes poemas.
Entre 1501 y 1512, Gavin Douglas afirma:
"Esta espinilla rota que se hincha y no se alivia, llévaselo; se lo rompió en una bola, y dile que será su recompensa. Llévale todo el brazo magullado"
Sir Richard Maitland expresa su placer en un poema de finales del siglo XVI por ser demasiado viejo para el juego rudo:
- Quhen zoung men cummis fra the gren,
- Playa y en el futball había estado
- con la espada rota,
- Doy gracias a mi dios quiero ein
- Soy tan viejo ". [3]
En inglés moderno se puede traducir como:
- Cuando los jóvenes vienen del verde
- Había estado jugando al fútbol
- Con hombro roto
- Doy gracias a Dios porque me falta vista:
- Soy tan viejo
La violencia del fútbol temprano en Escocia también se describe vívidamente en otra descripción anónima del siglo XVI, " Las bellezas del fútbol ":
- Brissit, brawnis y banis rotos,
- Stryf, discorde y waistie wanis,
- Cruikit en eild syn se detiene con todo,
- Tres son los animales del fute ball ". [3]
Esto en inglés moderno se traduce como:
- Músculos magullados y huesos rotos
- Conflictos, discordia y golpes inútiles
- Cojo en la vejez, luego lisiado con todo
- Estas son las bellezas del fútbol "
No eran solo la monarquía escocesa y los municipios locales los que deseaban legislar sobre el juego del fútbol. En Perth , los aprendices que progresaban para convertirse en maestros artesanos en el siglo XVI tenían tradicionalmente que pagar un banquete y celebrar un partido de fútbol. [4] En 1546, la Compañía de Hammermen (es decir, herreros) de Perth emitió un decreto según el cual "ni los sirvientes ni los aprendices" debían jugar al fútbol "bajo pena de una libra de cera" para ser entregados en el altar de la iglesia. [5] Es de suponer que se trataba de una medida para prevenir las ausencias laborales y las lesiones. Hay otros relatos de empleadores que participaron activamente en los intentos de ilegalizar el fútbol en Escocia durante los siglos siguientes.
El fútbol escocés temprano a veces estalló en arrebatos violentos muy extremos, incluido el uso de armas de fuego. En Lochtoun en 1606, durante un partido de "fute-ball", algunos jugadores "cayeron en la contienda y la controversia, como anie con otheris, y schot y dilaschit pistolettis y hacquebuttis" [3] Era claramente un pasatiempo apasionado y peligroso. El fútbol en el siglo XVI también está documentado como un pretexto para las redadas a través de la frontera contra los ingleses .
En un intento por controlar tales arrebatos violentos, el fútbol fue atacado por los puritanos en los siglos XVI y XVII y está documentado muchas veces como una ofensa en domingo, presumiblemente debido a sus efectos perturbadores en la sociedad y probablemente a su naturaleza violenta. Por ejemplo, los jóvenes de Aberdeen son acusados en 1607 de comportarse profanamente en sábado: "beber, jugar al fútbol ... y vagar de parroquia en parroquia" [6]. Vienen más referencias a la ofensa en Escocia de jugar al fútbol los domingos. a finales del siglo XVI y la primera mitad del XVII. En 1656, el Parlamento escocés aprobó una ley que prohibía todos los juegos bulliciosos en el día del Señor. Sin embargo, el ataque puritano al fútbol no fue tan severo en Escocia como en Inglaterra y en ambos países, sin duda, se siguió jugando con entusiasmo.
Hay evidencia de escolares jugando un juego de pelota de fútbol en Aberdeen en 1633 (algunas referencias citan 1636) que es notable como una alusión temprana a lo que algunos han considerado pasar la pelota. La palabra "pasar" en la traducción más reciente se deriva de "huc percute" (golpear aquí) y luego "repercute pilam" (golpear la pelota de nuevo) en el latín original. No es seguro que la pelota haya sido golpeada entre miembros del mismo equipo. La palabra original traducida como "meta" es "metum", que significa literalmente el "pilar en cada extremo del circuito del circo" en una carrera de carros romanos . Hay una referencia a "agarrar el balón antes que [otro jugador] lo haga" (Praeripe illi pilam si possis agere) que sugiere que se permitió el manejo del balón. Una frase dice en la traducción original de 1930 "Lánzate contra él" (Edad, objice te illi). Está claro que el juego era duro y los tackles permitidos incluían "cargar" y empujar / sujetar a los jugadores oponentes ("hacer retroceder a ese hombre" en la traducción original, "repelle eum" en latín original). Se ha sugerido que este juego tiene similitudes con el rugby . Al contrario de lo que informaron los medios de comunicación en 2006, no hay referencias a pases hacia adelante, reglas del juego, marcas de jugadores o formación del equipo. Estos informes lo describieron como "un nuevo descubrimiento asombroso", pero en realidad ha sido bien documentado en la literatura de la historia del fútbol desde principios del siglo XX y está disponible en Internet desde al menos 2000. [6]
La violencia siguió siendo una queja habitual sobre los juegos de fútbol escoceses durante muchos siglos. Sir Patrick Hume de Polwarth le escribió a su esposa en marzo de 1648 que su hijo "se lastimó tan mal en el fútbol en Polwart el domingo que no fue capaz de hacer sturre". En Jedburgh, el juego de pelota fue ilegalizado por el ayuntamiento en 1704, afirmando que "a veces tanto los viejos como los jóvenes casi pierden la vida". [3] Como resultado, se decidió "descargar el juego ahora y siempre". Este intento fue inicialmente infructuoso ya que en 1706 incluso los comercios locales en Jedburgh estaban cooperando para tratar de suprimir el juego, como lo demuestra la multa de la Corporación Fleshers a algunos miembros por "rastrear el fútbol". [5] De manera similar, en Duns en 1724 una denuncia dice "el fútbol ... siempre terminó y determinó en la efusión de sangre entre los habitantes". [3] Hacia fines del siglo XVIII, el poeta Skinner señaló en sus poemas algunas de las lesiones sufridas jugando al fútbol en Monymusk: "Nunca se ha visto en Monymusk Sae mony weel-beft pieles; los hombres había nane Pero tenía dos espinillas sangrantes "
Sir Walter Scott describió el fútbol como "su deporte fronterizo favorito". Sin embargo, él también habla de la naturaleza áspera del fútbol escocés del siglo XIX en su texto Lay: "En disturbios, jolgorios y derrotas, persiguió el fútbol, juega". [3] Scott también afirma que en el "foot-ball": "La victoria se disputa con la mayor furia, ya veces se han producido accidentes muy graves en la lucha".
El fútbol escocés siguió siendo un asunto muy violento hasta bien entrado el siglo XIX. Por ejemplo, el juego en Hawick se describió en 1825 como "una especie de guerra o lucha". [3] En 1826, el juego fue prohibido en Kirkwall porque estaba perturbando la paz. Desde este momento hasta finales de la década de 1860, hubo una pausa en las referencias al fútbol en Escocia, lo que sugirió que la prohibición del juego finalmente había tenido éxito. Como resultado del nivel de violencia que se ve a menudo en los primeros juegos de fútbol escoceses, muchos juegos de pelota tradicionales se modificaron o se extinguieron en el siglo XIX. Sin embargo, todavía existen ejemplos hoy en día del fútbol tradicional escocés, en particular el juego Ba (aunque muchos de ellos han sido revividos en la época moderna).
La primera evidencia del uso de reglas codificadas de cualquier tipo de fútbol en Escocia se produjo en 1851 cuando la Academia de Edimburgo adoptó el rugby para poder jugar con otras escuelas. El Edinburgh Academical Football Club es el club de fútbol más antiguo de Escocia (fútbol de rugby).
Un "Foot Ball Club" fue fundado en Edimburgo en 1824 [7] Después de haber sido reformado recientemente, ahora juega fútbol americano en la Asociación de Aficionados Dominicales de Edimburgo y Distrito.
Historia moderna temprana (1867-1900)
Escocia fue una de las primeras naciones futbolísticas modernas. El juego comenzó a hacerse popular en Escocia tras el desarrollo en Londres en 1863 de las primeras reglas del Fútbol Asociación, establecidas por la Asociación de Fútbol . Los clubes de fútbol escoceses comenzaron a formarse a finales de las décadas de 1860 y 1870. Queen's Park fue el primer club de fútbol de Escocia, fundado en 1867. [8] Es el club de fútbol más antiguo que existe fuera de Inglaterra. En sus primeros años disputó la FA Cup inglesa , llegando a la final en dos ocasiones.
A finales de la década de 1860 las reglas del fútbol en Escocia todavía se permite la pelota para ser manejado por todos los jugadores de campo, así como el portero, mientras que en Inglaterra al arquero y se le permitió manejar el balón y sólo en su propia área [9] De acuerdo al periódico Scotsman el 2 de diciembre de 1872 en ese momento sólo había unos diez clubes de fútbol en Escocia.
Incluso a finales de 1870, el fútbol era un deporte inusual en Escocia. En 1870, CW Alcock no recibió respuesta a sus desafíos para contendientes locales contra un once inglés. Estos desafíos se publicaron en periódicos escoceses, incluido el Glasgow Herald. Una respuesta a los desafíos de Alcock ilustra que el fútbol fue eclipsado en Escocia por otros códigos: "El desafío de Alcock de enfrentarse a un once escocés en las fronteras suena muy bien y sin duda tiene buenas intenciones. Partidario muy destacado de lo que se llama el "juego de la asociación" ... los devotos de las reglas de la "asociación" no encontrarán enemigos dignos de su acero en Escocia ". [10]
A partir de 1870 y 1871 se llevó a cabo una serie de cuatro partidos entre representantes de Inglaterra y Escocia en The Oval , Londres . Robert Smith de Queen's Park jugó en los partidos internacionales contra Inglaterra el 19 de noviembre de 1870 [11] y los partidos internacionales del 25 de febrero de 1871 [12] y el 18 de noviembre de 1871. [13] Los jugadores del club de fútbol Queen's Park R. Smith y J. Smith fueron nombrados entre los 16 jugadores seleccionados en la publicidad del partido de febrero de 1872 , [14] y el motivo de su ausencia no está claro. Estos primeros partidos se organizaron bajo los auspicios de la Asociación de Fútbol, pero actualmente la FIFA (fundada en 1904) no los reconoce como oficiales.
Alcock fue categórico en que, aunque la mayoría de los jugadores estaban basados en Londres, esto se debió a la falta de respuesta del norte de la frontera:
"Debo unirme al problema con su corresponsal en algunos casos. En primer lugar, afirmo que, independientemente de lo que se haya compuesto el once escocés, el derecho a tocar estaba abierto a todos los escoceses (cursiva de Alcock), ya sea que sus líneas fueran al norte o al sur del Tweed. y que si ante las invitaciones públicamente dadas a través de las columnas de los principales diarios de Escocia el representante once estaba formado principalmente por angloescotianos ... la culpa es de las cabezas de los jugadores del norte, no de la dirección que buscaba los servicios de todos por igual imparcialmente. Llamar al equipo London Scotchmen no aporta nada. El partido fue, como se anunció, a todos los efectos entre Inglaterra y Escocia ". [15]
Los partidos de 1870 y 1871 no están reconocidos actualmente por la FIFA como oficiales, sin embargo, el periódico escocés ciertamente los identificó como " internacionales [las cursivas del escocés]" [16]. El jugador escocés más notable de los partidos de 1870 y 1871 fue Smith, un jugador de Queen's Park FC .
Alcock continuó persiguiendo a jugadores del "norte del Tweed ", invitándolos en periódicos como el escocés a contactar (por ejemplo) con AF Kinnaird ". [16] En este momento, sin embargo, era inusual que las selecciones nacionales viajaran lejos por partidos e incluso en el partido Inglaterra-Escocia de 1873, el primer partido reconocido por la FIFA en Inglaterra, sólo 3 jugadores escoceses no eran de equipos ingleses [17] Alcock decidió "para promover los intereses de la Asociación en Escocia, se decidió que durante la temporada actual, se debe enviar un equipo a Glasgow para jugar un partido contra Escocia [18]
El primer partido internacional oficial (es decir, reconocido actualmente por la FIFA) tendría lugar entre Escocia e Inglaterra el 30 de noviembre de 1872 . Este partido se jugó bajo las reglas de la Asociación de Fútbol. Durante las décadas siguientes, el fútbol de asociación se convertiría en el deporte más popular en Escocia. Este partido, sin embargo, no es el origen de la camiseta azul de Escocia, ya que los informes contemporáneos del internacional de rugby del 5 de febrero de 1872 en el Oval muestran claramente que "los escoceses se distinguían fácilmente por su uniforme de camisetas azules ... cardo bordado " [19] El cardo había sido usado anteriormente en el internacional de rugby de 1871 [20]
El partido en sí ilustró la ventaja obtenida por los jugadores de Queens Park "al conocer el juego de los demás [21] ", ya que todos procedían del mismo club. Los informes de partidos contemporáneos muestran claramente el juego de regates tanto de los equipos ingleses como escoceses, por ejemplo: "El escocés ahora se fue con una gran carrera, Leckie y otros driblaron el balón con tanta inteligencia que las líneas inglesas fueron sitiadas de cerca y el balón pronto desapareció. detrás ", [21] " Weir ahora tuvo una espléndida carrera para Escocia en el corazón del territorio de sus oponentes. [21] "y" Kerr .. cerró el partido con la carrera más brillante del día, regateando el balón más allá del todo el campo " [22] Escocia casi ganó, pero un disparo de Robert Leckie aterrizó en el travesaño de la cinta y el juego terminó 0-0. [23] Aunque se reconoce que el equipo escocés trabajó mejor juntos durante la primera mitad, el relato contemporáneo en el periódico Scotsman reconoce que en la segunda mitad Inglaterra jugó de manera similar: "Durante la primera mitad del partido, el equipo inglés no funcionó tan bien juntos, pero en la segunda mitad no dejaron nada que desear a este respecto. [21] "No hay una descripción específica de una maniobra de pase en los extensos informes de partidos contemporáneos, aunque dos semanas después, The Graphic informó" [Escocia ] parecen ser adeptos a pasar el balón ". [22] No hay evidencia en el artículo de que el autor haya asistido al partido, ya que se indica claramente al lector que debe coincidir con descripciones en "revistas deportivas". De manera similar, el partido del 5 de marzo de 1872 entre Wanderers y Queens Park no contiene evidencia de pase de pelota [24]. Esta evidencia contemporánea sugiere que el origen del juego de pases cortos se encuentra a mediados de la década de 1870.
En el siguiente partido internacional en 1873, Escocia perdió ante Inglaterra en Londres, pero en 1874 Escocia obtuvo su primera victoria internacional, derrotando a Inglaterra 4-2 en Glasgow. En 1875, las dos naciones empataron nuevamente, pero después de esto siguió un período de dominio escocés durante los siguientes diez años, con solo una derrota contra los ingleses.
El fútbol de asociación se convirtió rápidamente en el deporte más popular en Escocia, particularmente en Glasgow y el oeste. La Copa de Escocia se estableció en 1873 , lo que la convierte en la segunda competición de copa de fútbol más antigua del mundo. Las primeras ediciones del torneo estuvieron dominadas por Queen's Park y Vale of Leven , con los dos equipos ganando las primeras nueve ediciones. La Asociación de Fútbol de Escocia se formó en 1873 y es la segunda más antigua del mundo.
League football and professionalism
In the late 1880s significant number of Scottish players participated in English football clubs Payments to players had been made legal in England in 1885 and professional footballers were paid decent salaries. Ironically this attracted many Scottish players southwards to ply their trade in England.[9] Some earned the epithet "Scotch Professors"[25] English football teams with Scottish players included Preston North End, which fielded eight Scots in one team, Sunderland A.F.C., which at one point was made entirely of Scottish players,[26] and Liverpool Football Club, founded in 1892 with eleven Scots. In Scotland the game remained, in theory anyway, an amateur game until 1893.
One of the teams to benefit from the move of Scottish players to England, who were nicknamed the Scotch Professors, was Sunderland A.F.C. The club went professional in 1885, and the club recruited a number of Scotsmen the same year, their first internationally capped players.[27] Founder James Allan left Sunderland in 1888 because of his dislike for the "professionalism" that had been creeping into the club, and subsequently formed Sunderland Albion.[28]
The wealthy miner Samuel Tyzack, who alongside and shipbuilder Robert Turnbull funded the now professional "team of all talents," often pretended to be a priest while scouting for players in Scotland, as Sunderland's recruitment policy in Scotland enraged many Scottish fans. In fact, the whole Sunderland lineup in the 1895 World Championship was made from entirely Scottish players.[29] On 5 April 1890, the Football League's founder, William McGregor, labelled Sunderland as "the team of all talents" stating that they had "a talented man in every position".[30]
Another team to benefit from the Scotch Professors was Preston North End, the first English team to win the Championship and Cup "double", which did so with a majority of their team being made up of Scottish players.[31][32]
The Scottish FA lifted its ban on professionalism in 1893, whereupon 560 players were registered as professionals.[33]
William McGregor who grew up in Perthshire and lived most of his life in Birmingham is credited with the establishment in 1888 of The Football League in England. This in turn influenced Scottish football and the Scottish Football League was founded in 1890. Dumbarton and Rangers were declared joint champions of the first league season after they could not be separated on points and a play-off match was drawn. The league became officially professional in 1893 and added a second tier, because of the rapidly growing number of clubs.
Between 1872 and 1929, Scotland played matches exclusively against the other three Home nations—England, Wales and Ireland. The British Home Championship began in 1884, making these games competitive. The encounters against England were particularly fierce and a rivalry quickly developed.[34] Scotland dominated the early British Championships, winning or joint winning with England every edition but one between 1884 and 1890. From 1891 until 1900 results were more mixed, with Scotland winning 4 out of 10 between 1891 and 1900.
In 1894 football was taken to Brazil by Charles William Miller, who was of combined Scottish-English descent. He had not lived in Scotland and learned to play football while at Banister Court School in Southampton, England.[35]
1900-1946
James I's ban on football was finally repealed in 1906 (although ignored long before then).
Competitive football was suspended in Scotland after the United Kingdom declared war on Nazi Germany in September 1939. Wartime competitions and internationals were played during the Second World War, but official competition did not resume until the 1946–47 season.
1946-1975
Scottish football enjoyed something of a golden age after the Second World War. Attendance numbers boomed during the 1950s and club sides enjoyed success in the newly instigated European competitions. The most obvious example of this came in 1967, when Celtic became the first club non-Latin club to win the European Cup. This success came during a period of domestic dominance for Celtic, who won nine consecutive Scottish league championships between 1966 and 1974. Other sides also enjoyed success, however, as Rangers won the 1972 European Cup Winners' Cup and both Hearts and Hibernian had great domestic success during the 1950s.
1975–1998
The period of dominance by Celtic and declining attendances during the early 1970s resulted in officials considering changes to the Scottish game. Radical reforms were introduced to the league system in 1975, as a 10 team Premier Division was created. This marked a shift from clubs playing each other twice a season to four games a season in the Premier Division, and from two games to three games in the First Division and Second Division. This reform appeared to work initially, as Scottish clubs enjoyed European success during the 1980s. Unusually, the Old Firm dominance of Celtic and Rangers was broken by a New Firm of Aberdeen and Dundee United. Aberdeen won the 1983 European Cup Winners' Cup, defeating Bayern Munich and Real Madrid, and Dundee United reached the 1987 UEFA Cup Final, defeating FC Barcelona en route.
Rangers had endured a barren run during the early 1980s, but reasserted themselves after Graeme Souness was appointed manager in 1986 and was allowed to buy many senior England internationals. Players such as Chris Woods and Terry Butcher were attracted not just by the finances on offer, but also by the fact that Rangers still had access to European competition during a period when English clubs had been banned after the Heysel Stadium disaster. Rangers then entered a period of domestic dominance, winning nine consecutive Scottish League Championships from 1989 to 1997.
1998-2013
As of the beginning of 2000, it could be said that Scottish football is enjoying a resurgent period, with both halves of the Old Firm being involved in European competition after Christmas for the first time in decades - Celtic F.C. reached the 2003 final of the UEFA Cup and have progressed to the last 16 of the Champions League, and Rangers to the 2008 final of the UEFA Cup. The Old Firm rivalry was interrupted in 2012, when the company running Rangers went into liquidation and the club was forced to restart in the fourth tier of Scottish Football. The two clubs then met twice in the Domestic Cup competitions, once in 2015 and once in 2016, during Rangers spell out the top league. The rivalry then resumed again in September 2016 when Rangers were promoted back into the Scottish Premiership.
Mudanzas y reformas del estadio
The 1971 Ibrox disaster, in which 66 supporters were killed on an exit stairway with an old, unsafe design led to Rangers redeveloping their Ibrox Park over the next decade, replacing most of the terracing areas with seated grandstands, based on the Westfalenstadion in Dortmund.[36] It was the first major modernisation of a football stadium in Scotland for decades.
In 1986, Clyde became the first of several senior clubs to leave the stadium where they had played since the early years of the sport (1898 in their case); unusually in Scotland they did not own Shawfield Stadium, and the greyhound racing company which were the owners aimed to sell it for redevelopment (which never came to pass) and the football team was evicted.[37] It was the first in what would be a complicated and protracted series of relocations during the final years of the 20th and the outset of the 21st century. For Clyde, eight years of ground-sharing followed before their new home in Cumbernauld – ten miles from their old base in Rutherglen – was ready in 1994 (even then, it was still owned by the local authority rather than the club).[38]
By that time, the 1989 Hillsborough disaster had taken place, and its subsequent inquiry recommended all-seater stadia at the elite professional level,[39] something the Scottish Football League adopted as a rule, requiring almost all Scottish clubs to either upgrade their ageing stadia or construct new ones to comply with the new legislation (for example, both Easter Road and Tynecastle were entirely rebuilt in stages over the next 20 or so years,[40] with Hearts playing a small number of home matches at the neighbouring Murrayfield rugby stadium in the final phase of work).[41] Celtic spent one season – 1994–95 – away from home at Hampden Park[42] (between the national stadium's own periods of extensive renovation that required several national cup finals and Scotland fixtures to be played at the other large Glasgow venues)[43] which was familiar to many of the players from internationals and cup fixtures; indeed, the last match of their spell at Hampden before returning to a half-completed Celtic Park was the 1995 Scottish Cup Final, which they won. The sums spent by Celtic and others to modernise their stadia in that era was in contrast to Rangers who had carried out their major upgrades some years earlier, and this extra revenue was reflected in the Gers' dominance on the field in those years.[36]
Several middle-order teams such as Partick Thistle endured financial hardship modernising their ground,[44] exacerbated by a requirement of the new Scottish Premier League in 1998 (although it was actually set in place in 1994 with clubs given the intervening years to comply)[45] stipulating that a ground had to have 10,000 seats, far more than the average attendance of all but a handful of its members.[46]
A worse fate befell Airdrieonians who vacated their traditional Broomfield Park in 1994, had to wait four years for their new SPL-compliant Excelsior Stadium to be finished, then were out of business by 2002, unable to repay the cost of its construction. In their final match away to Ayr United, some Airdrie supporters staged a destructive pitch invasion at Somerset Park – the Ayr chairman happened to own the construction company which built Excelsior Stadium and was thus a major creditor of Airdrieonians;[47] however his club had not been burdened with the costly disruption of stadium rebuilding,[48] and nor would any major changes be seen at Somerset Park in the subsequent fifteen years.[49][50] A team continues to play in Airdrie, but at the time of its formation, Airdrie United was technically a rebranding of Clydebank,[51] another club which had vacated its old home and spent six seasons playing in Dumbarton and Greenock, with its attendance numbers dwindling all the while.[52] The Bankies fans formed a phoenix club of more modest character to compete in the Junior leagues.[53]
Having been landlords to Clyde in the 1980s, Hamilton Academical almost went the way of Airdrieonians when their new stadium took seven years to materialise; it took the intervention of some Glasgow investors (who had previously been at the helm of Clyde)[54] to stabilise the Accies financially, and their youth-focused business model saw the club reach the top tier within a decade.[55]
Falkirk were denied promotion in 2000 (Aberdeen being spared possible relegation in a play-off)[56] and 2003 (Motherwell reprieved)[57] due to the condition of Brockville Park before they sold the town centre site for the construction of a supermarket (as Airdrie and Hamilton had done), sharing with Stenhousemuir for one year while their new stadium on the edge of town was being built. The Bairns were angered when Inverness Caledonian Thistle, who already had a new stadium but not of sufficient size, were allowed to join the SPL for the 2004–05 campaign on a ground-sharing agreement with Aberdeen[58] (100 miles away from their home city), albeit only for six months during expansion work, when Falkirk had been denied such an arrangement with Clyde or Airdrie United the year before.[59] This developments caused further annoyance for Partick Thistle as they were the club relegated from the top division when Inverness made their Aberdeen plan.[46] That summer, a reduction in the required seating capacity from 10,000 to 6,000 came into effect,[60] which benefitted clubs such Inverness,[61] Falkirk (who gained promotion in the first season in their new stadium) and later Hamilton, as smaller new venues were now acceptable without even having all four sides built up (to reach the lower threshold in 2008, Hamilton erected a 'temporary' stand for 700 which was still in place a decade later).
Gretna also shared with Motherwell, a distance of 100 miles again, during their single campaign in the SPL in 2007–08; the league indicated that such plans would not be considered again due to the very poor condition of the Fir Park pitch as a result of so many matches being played on it.[62]
At either end of this unsettled period, St Johnstone (in 1989) and St Mirren (2009) both relocated to new grounds with much less upheaval than others mentioned above, due to the fact that the replacements were being constructed before the originals were vacated. This was also true further down the leagues for East Fife (1998) and Dumbarton (2000); however when East Stirlingshire vacated Firs Park in 2008, an intended tenancy of five years at nearby Stenhousemuir became ten years, during which time the club lost their league place, being relegated to the recently introduced Lowland Football League in 2016. In 2018, Shire moved in with Falkirk.[63]
Ayr United's impressive form at the outset of the 2018–19 Scottish Championship season led observers to examine the latest SPFL entry requirements due to the possibility of the club achieving promotion while still based at the unmodernised Somerset Park (all other promoted teams' stadia since the advent of the new league body in 2013 had met the previous SPL seating threshold of 6000, therefore little attention was paid to the matter). It was confirmed that the SPFL statutes only required grounds to have 'bronze standard' facilities (500 covered places), meaning Somerset Park would be accepted as a Premiership venue with minimal improvements.[50][64]
Temporary relocations
Club | Previous stadium | Left | Reason | Moved to | Landlord | Years | Back |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Scotland; Cup finals[65][43] | Hampden Park | 1992[a] | Extensive reconstruction[b] | Celtic Park;[c] Ibrox Stadium;[d] Pittodrie Stadium[e] | Celtic; Rangers; Aberdeen | 1.5 | 1994[f] |
Celtic[42] | Celtic Park | 1994 | Extensive reconstruction | Hampden Park | Queen's Park | 1 | 1995 |
Scotland; Cup finals[65][43] | Hampden Park | 1996[g] | Extensive reconstruction[b] | Celtic Park;[h] Ibrox Stadium;[i] Others[j] | Celtic; Rangers; Various | 3 | 1999[k] |
Inverness CT | Caledonian Stadium | 2004[l] | Stadium expansion to meet capacity requirements | Pittodrie Stadium | Aberdeen | 0.5 | 2005[m] |
Gretna | Raydale Park | 2007 | Did not meet capacity/safety requirements[62] | Fir Park | Motherwell | 1 | N/A Club dissolved in summer 2008 |
Queen's Park; Scotland; Cup finals[65] | Hampden Park | 2013 | Conversion of use: Athletics at the 2014 Commonwealth Games | Excelsior Stadium;[n] Celtic Park;[o] Ibrox Stadium[p] | Airdrieonians; Celtic; Rangers | 1.5 | 2015[q] |
Edinburgh City | Meadowbank Stadium | 2017 | Redevelopment work[66] | Ainslie Park | Spartans | TBC[r] | TBC[r] |
- ^ October 1992
- ^ a b Queen's Park were able to continue playing at Hampden during this work as the pitch was not damaged, some of the facilities were accessible and their small attendances did not cause capacity or safety issues.
- ^ Celtic Park hosted one 1992–93 Scottish Cup semi-final, the 1993 Scottish Cup Final and the 1993 Scottish League Cup Final.
- ^ Ibrox hosted one 1993–94 Scottish League Cup semi-final, the 1994 Scottish League Cup Final (as a result of finalists Celtic using Hampden during their own redevelopment) and four Scotland home matches.
- ^ Pittodrie hosted two Scotland home matches.
- ^ March 1994
- ^ May 1996
- ^ Celtic Park hosted one 1996–97 Scottish League Cup semi-final, the 1996 Scottish League Cup Final, one 1997–98 Scottish Cup semi-final, the 1998 Scottish Cup Final, one 1998–99 Scottish League Cup semi-final, the 1998 Scottish League Cup Final, one 1998–99 Scottish Cup semi-final and three Scotland home matches.
- ^ Ibrox hosted a 1996–97 Scottish Cup semi-final and replay, the 1997 Scottish Cup Final, a 1997–98 Scottish League Cup semi-final, the 1997 Scottish League Cup Final, one 1997–98 Scottish Cup semi-final, one 1998–99 Scottish Cup semi-final and three Scotland home matches.
- ^ Several stadia were used for Scotland home matches: Pittodrie hosted two, Rugby Park hosted two, Easter Road hosted one, Tynecastle hosted one.
- ^ May 1999
- ^ August 2004
- ^ January 2005
- ^ Excelsior Stadium hosted Queen's Park home matches.[65]
- ^ Celtic Park hosted the 2014 Scottish League Cup Final, the 2014 Scottish Cup Final and two Scotland home matches.
- ^ Ibrox hosted two 2013–14 Scottish Cup semi-finals and one Scotland home match.
- ^ Conversion reversed by January 2015
- ^ a b Duration and status of tenancy uncertain.[67]
Indirect relocations
Moves to new permanent homes via one or more groundshares.[a]
Club | Previous stadium | Left | Reason | Moved to | Landlord | Years | New stadium | Back |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clyde | Shawfield Stadium | 1986 | Evicted by controlling company | Firhill Stadium | Partick Thistle | 5 | N/A; New groundshare (Douglas Park) | N/A |
Clyde | N/A; Previous groundshare (Firhill) | 1991 | New stadium construction | Douglas Park | Hamilton Academical | 3 | Broadwood Stadium | 1994 |
Stirling Albion | Annfield Stadium[68] | 1992 | Sold to developer; New stadium construction | Ochilview Park | Stenhousemuir | 1 | Forthbank Stadium | 1993[69] |
Airdrieonians (1878) | Broomfield Park[68] | 1994 | Sold to developer; New stadium construction | Broadwood Stadium | Clyde | 4 | Excelsior Stadium | 1998 |
Hamilton Academical | Douglas Park[68] | 1994 | Sold to developer; New stadium planned | Firhill Stadium | Partick Thistle | 3 | N/A; New groundshare (Cliftonhill) | N/A |
Clydebank | Kilbowie Park[68] | 1996 | Sold to developer; New stadium planned | Boghead Park | Dumbarton | 3 | N/A; New groundshare (Cappielow) | N/A |
Hamilton Academical | N/A; Previous groundshare (Firhill) | 1997 | New stadium planned | Cliftonhill | Albion Rovers | 2 | N/A; New groundshare (Firhill) | N/A |
Clydebank | N/A; Previous groundshare (Boghead) | 1999 | New stadium planned | Cappielow | Greenock Morton | 3 | Excelsior Stadium[b] | 2002 |
Hamilton Academical | N/A; Previous groundshare (Cliftonhill) | 1999 | New stadium construction | Firhill Stadium | Partick Thistle | 2 | New Douglas Park | 2001 |
Falkirk | Brockville Park[68] | 2003 | Sold to developer; New stadium construction[70] | Ochilview Park | Stenhousemuir | 1 | Falkirk Stadium | 2004 |
East Stirlingshire | Firs Park[68] | 2008 | New stadium planned | Ochilview Park | Stenhousemuir | 10 | N/A; New groundshare (Falkirk Stadium)[63][c] | N/A |
- ^ Cove Rangers's move to Balmoral Stadium in 2018 via Harlaw Park, Inverurie is not included as the club was not in the SPFL at the time.
- ^ Team relocated and rebranded as Airdrie United to retain existing league place. Stadium previously used by the defunct Airdrieonians .
- ^ The groundshare at Falkirk has not been listed separately as East Stirlingshire were not in the SPFL at the time.
Permanent moves
Moves which did not involve any substantial period of temporary groundsharing.[a]
Club | Previous stadium | Left | New stadium | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
St Johnstone | Muirton Park[68] | 1989 | McDiarmid Park | [b] |
Livingston | Meadowbank Stadium | 1995 | Almondvale Stadium | [c] |
Inverness CT | Telford Street Park | 1996 | Caledonian Stadium | [d] |
East Fife | Bayview Park[68] | 1998 | Bayview Stadium | |
Dumbarton | Boghead Park[68] | 2000 | Dumbarton Football Stadium | [e] |
St Mirren | St Mirren Park (Love Street) | 2009 | St Mirren Park | |
Queen's Park | Hampden Park | 2021 | Lesser Hampden | [f] |
- ^ Peterhead's move to Balmoor Stadium in 1997 is not included as the club was not in the SFL at the time.
- ^ McDiarmid Park was the first purpose-built all-seater stadium in the United Kingdom.
- ^ Rebranded from Meadowbank Thistle and relocated from Edinburgh to Livingston, West Lothian.
- ^ Followed a merger between Caledonian (who played at Telford Street) and Inverness Thistle in 1994 to gain SFL entry.
- ^ Stadium opened 2 December 2000. 9 games from August–November played at Cliftonhill.
- ^ Games from April 2021 played at Falkirk Stadium due to construction delays.[71]
Dominación firme vieja
The intensity of the Old Firm rivalry is fuelled by the clubs' historical duopoly in Scottish football, with most meetings between them being pivotal in deciding the destiny of a championship or cup, and anything but a title-winning season seen as a major disappointment particularly as it usually means the 'enemy' has won the trophy.
League
Since the formation of the Scottish Football League in 1890, statistics show that Rangers and Celtic have been by far the most successful clubs involved. Of the 123 championships played, 105 (85%) have been won by one of the Old Firm with Rangers ahead on 54 titles to Celtic's 51, and 19 between ten other clubs (including a shared title between Rangers and Dumbarton).
Although there have been brief periods when silverware went elsewhere - such as Hibernian then Hearts in the 1950s and Aberdeen in the 1980s - there have also been long spells of domination by each Old Firm club, the longest run of 9-in-a-row being first set by Celtic between 1966 and 1974, then by Rangers between 1989 and 1997 and then again by Celtic between 2012 and 2020.
On just five occasions since 1891 have neither of the Glasgow giants been the league winner nor the runner-up. This includes 1964–65, the only season in which both Rangers and Celtic failed to finish in the top three places. The Old Firm have finished 1st and 2nd 49 times overall. After the resurgence of Celtic in the mid-1990s and before the old company liquidation of Rangers, '1–2' finishes were recorded in all but one of 17 SPL-era seasons, the exception being Hearts in 2006
The longest sequence without an Old Firm title is 3 years between 1983 and 1985, while the longest unbroken run of championships between the two clubs began immediately afterwards and is ongoing: 35 seasons and counting since 1986 (overtaking a previous sequence of 27 years between 1905 and 1931).
As of end of season 2019–20. Runners-up in (parentheses)
Outcome[72] | Celtic | Rangers | Combined | % |
---|---|---|---|---|
One club 1st, other 2nd | 26 (24) | 24 (26) | 50 | 40% |
One club 1st, other not top 2 | 25 | 30 | 55 | 45% |
Title wins by Old Firm club | 51 | 54 | 105 | 85% |
One club 2nd, other not top 2 | N/A (7) | N/A (6) | 13 | 11% |
Neither club in top 2 | N/A | N/A | 5 | 4% |
Title wins by another club | N/A | N/A | 18* | 15% |
Totals | 51 (31) | 54 (32) | 123 | 100% |
- For the purpose of the calculation, the shared 1891 title is attributed to Rangers only here to prevent it being counted twice.
Scottish Cup
Although the initial Scottish Cup was played in 1874, 15 years before Celtic were formed, they have still won the competition more than any other club - 40 times, plus 18 runners-up - with Rangers not far behind on 33 (also 18 runners-up). Next in the winners list (other than Queen's Park whose wins were confined to the 19th century) are Hearts with 8 wins spread across 120 years. There have been 14 Old Firm finals, although never two in consecutive years, while there have been just 39 finals involving neither Rangers or Celtic, 17 of which were in the 1800s. After the 1928 final, there was no Old Firm meeting again for 28 editions until 1963, although an additional seven years had elapsed due to World War II when the cup was not contested.
The longest run of Old Firm wins is 11 between 1971 and 1981, while the longest run of other winners since Celtic's formation is 5 between 1955 and 1959.
Rangers' sudden if temporary removal from the upper echelons of the Scottish game in 2012 led to a more diverse list of finalists in both cups; the expected Celtic monopoly of all competitions did not occur in the knockout formats and there were several maiden trophy wins for clubs such as St Johnstone, Inverness CT and Ross County. However, after Hibernian broke a 114-year 'curse' in 2016, Celtic won the next four editions in succession, the longest winning sequence in the competition's long history.
On six occasions (Hibernian in 1901–02, St Mirren in 1925–26, Kilmarnock in 1928–29, Hearts in 1955–56, Aberdeen in 1982–83 and again in 1983–84) the winners of the Scottish Cup defeated both Rangers and Celtic en route to lifting the trophy.
As of end of season 2019–20. Runners-up in (parentheses)
Outcome[73] | Celtic | Rangers | Combined | % |
---|---|---|---|---|
Old Firm final | 7 (7) | 7 (7) | 14 | 10% |
One winner, other not involved | 33 | 26 | 59 | 45% |
Cup wins by an Old Firm club | 40 | 33 | 73 | 55% |
One runner-up, other not involved | N/A (11) | N/A (11) | 22 | 16% |
neither club involved | N/A | N/A | 39 | 29% |
Cup wins by another club | N/A | N/A | 61 | 45% |
Totals | 40 (18) | 33 (18) | 134 | 100% |
League Cup
The Scottish League Cup has been contested 74 times since 1946–47. Rangers are dominant in terms of wins with 27 from 34 finals, with Celtic some way behind on 19 wins from 34 finals. 13 other clubs share 28 wins between them. 14 of its finals have been Old Firm occasions, while 20 featured neither of them.
The longest run of Old Firm wins is 8 between 1964 and 1971, while the longest run of other winners is 7 between 1950 and 1956.
On three occasions (Hibernian in 1972–73, Aberdeen in 1976–77 and 1989–90) the winners of the Scottish Cup defeated both Rangers and Celtic en route to lifting the trophy.
As of end of the 2018–19 competition which concluded in December 2018. Runners-up in (parentheses)
Outcome[74] | Celtic | Rangers | Combined | % |
---|---|---|---|---|
Old Firm final | 5 (9) | 9 (5) | 14 | 19% |
One winner, other not involved | 13 | 18 | 31 | 42% |
Cup wins by an Old Firm club | 18 | 27 | 45 | 61% |
One runner-up, other not involved | N/A (6) | N/A (2) | 8 | 11% |
neither club involved | N/A | N/A | 20 | 28% |
Cup wins by another club | N/A | N/A | 28 | 39% |
Totals | 18 (15) | 27 (7) | 73 | 100% |
Gráfico de historial anual de competencias
The Old Firm dominance as well as Aberdeen, Hearts and Hibernian's lesser success is particularly stark when expressed in colour as shown below, with other clubs' entries in red appearing sporadically and briefly other than a sustained period in the 15 years following World War II, the New Firm years of the 1980s, and the 2010s amid Rangers' financial collapse.
Since the Scottish Football League was formed, there have not been any seasons where neither Rangers or Celtic has been at least a cup finalist or league runner-up. In the circumstances it is perhaps more surprising that only once prior to World War II - 1927–28 - did the Old Firm clubs finish 1st and 2nd in the League and meet in the Scottish Cup final, and only once since the war and the establishment of the League Cup have they finished 1st and 2nd and met in both cup finals - this occurred in 1965–66.
Key:
|
|
Since 1887[72][73][74]
Year | Champions | 2nd | Scottish Cup | R-up |
---|---|---|---|---|
1886–87 | Began in 1890–91 | Hibernian | O | |
1887–88 | Renton | O | ||
1888–89 | Third Lanark | C | ||
1889–90 | Queen's Park | O | ||
1890–91 | Dumbarton[a] | R | Heart of Midlothian | O |
1891–92 | Dumbarton | C | Celtic | O |
1892–93 | Celtic | R | Queen's Park | C |
1893–94 | Celtic | HM | Rangers | C |
1894–95 | Heart of Midlothian | C | St Bernard's | O |
1895–96 | Celtic | R | Heart of Midlothian | H |
1896–97 | Heart of Midlothian | H | Rangers | O |
1897–98 | Celtic | R | Rangers | O |
1898–99 | Rangers | HM | Celtic | R |
1899–1900 | Rangers | C | Celtic | O |
1900–01 | Rangers | C | Heart of Midlothian | C |
1901–02 | Rangers | C | Hibernian | C |
1902–03 | Hibernian | O | Rangers | HM |
1903–04 | Third Lanark | HM | Celtic | R |
1904–05 | Celtic | R | Third Lanark | R |
1905–06 | Celtic | HM | Heart of Midlothian | O |
1906–07 | Celtic | O | Celtic | HM |
1907–08 | Celtic | O | Celtic | O |
1908–09 | Celtic | O | Withheld[b] | . |
1909–10 | Celtic | O | Dundee | O |
1910–11 | Rangers | A | Celtic | O |
1911–12 | Rangers | C | Celtic | O |
1912–13 | Rangers | C | Falkirk | O |
1913–14 | Celtic | R | Celtic | H |
1914–15 | Celtic | HM | World War I[75] | |
1915–16 | Celtic | R | ||
1916–17 | Celtic | O | ||
1917–18 | Rangers | C | ||
1918–19 | Celtic | R | St Mirren[c] | HM |
1919–20 | Rangers | C | Kilmarnock | O |
1920–21 | Rangers | C | Partick Thistle | R |
1921–22 | Celtic | R | Morton | R |
1922–23 | Rangers | O | Celtic | H |
1923–24 | Rangers | O | Airdrieonians | H |
1924–25 | Rangers | O | Celtic | O |
1925–26 | Celtic | O | St Mirren | C |
1926–27 | Rangers | O | Celtic | O |
1927–28[d] | Rangers | C | Rangers | C |
1928–29 | Rangers | C | Kilmarnock | R |
1929–30 | Rangers | O | Rangers | O |
1930–31 | Rangers | C | Celtic | O |
1931–32 | Motherwell | R | Rangers | O |
1932–33 | Rangers | O | Celtic | O |
1933–34 | Rangers | O | Rangers | O |
1934–35 | Rangers | C | Rangers | O |
1935–36 | Celtic | R | Rangers | O |
1936–37 | Rangers | A | Celtic | A |
1937–38 | Celtic | HM | East Fife | O |
1938–39 | Rangers | C | Clyde | O |
1939–45 | Suspended due to World War II[76] |
Year | Champions | 2nd | Scottish Cup | R-up | League Cup | R-up |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1945–46 | Rangers[e] | H | Rangers[f] | H | Aberdeen[g] | R |
1946–47 | Rangers | H | Aberdeen | H | Rangers | A |
1947–48 | Hibernian | R | Rangers | O | East Fife | O |
1948–49 | Rangers | O | Rangers | O | Rangers | O |
1949–50 | Rangers | H | Rangers | O | East Fife | O |
1950–51 | Hibernian | R | Celtic | O | Motherwell | H |
1951–52 | Hibernian | R | Motherwell | O | Dundee | R |
1952–53 | Rangers | H | Rangers | A | Dundee | O |
1953–54 | Celtic | HM | Celtic | A | East Fife | O |
1954–55 | Aberdeen | C | Clyde | C | Heart of Midlothian | O |
1955–56 | Rangers | A | Heart of Midlothian | C | Aberdeen | O |
1956–57 | Rangers | HM | Falkirk | O | Celtic | O |
1957–58 | Heart of Midlothian | R | Clyde | H | Celtic | R |
1958–59 | Rangers | HM | St Mirren | A | Heart of Midlothian | O |
1959–60 | Heart of Midlothian | O | Rangers | O | Heart of Midlothian | O |
1960–61 | Rangers | O | Dunfermline Athletic | C | Rangers | O |
1961–62 | Dundee | R | Rangers | O | Rangers | HM |
1962–63 | Rangers | O | Rangers | C | Heart of Midlothian | O |
1963–64 | Rangers | O | Rangers | O | Rangers | O |
1964–65 | Kilmarnock | HM | Celtic | O | Rangers | C |
1965–66[h] | Celtic | R | Rangers | C | Celtic | R |
1966–67 | Celtic | R | Celtic | A | Celtic | R |
1967–68 | Celtic | R | Dunfermline Athletic | HM | Celtic | O |
1968–69 | Celtic | R | Celtic | R | Celtic | H |
1969–70 | Celtic | R | Aberdeen | C | Celtic | O |
1970–71 | Celtic | A | Celtic | R | Rangers | C |
1971–72 | Celtic | A | Celtic | H | Partick Thistle | C |
1972–73 | Celtic | R | Rangers | C | Hibernian | C |
1973–74 | Celtic | H | Celtic | O | Dundee | C |
1974–75 | Rangers | H | Celtic | O | Celtic | H |
1975–76 | Rangers | C | Rangers | HM | Rangers | C |
1976–77 | Celtic | R | Celtic | R | Aberdeen | C |
1977–78 | Rangers | A | Rangers | A | Rangers | C |
1978–79 | Celtic | R | Rangers | H | Rangers | A |
1979–80 | Aberdeen | C | Celtic | R | Dundee United | A |
1980–81 | Celtic | A | Rangers | O | Dundee United | O |
1981–82 | Celtic | A | Aberdeen | R | Rangers | O |
1982–83 | Dundee United | C | Aberdeen | R | Celtic | R |
1983–84 | Aberdeen | C | Aberdeen | C | Rangers | C |
1984–85 | Aberdeen | C | Celtic | O | Rangers | O |
1985–86 | Celtic | HM | Aberdeen | HM | Aberdeen | H |
1986–87 | Rangers | C | St Mirren | O | Rangers | C |
1987–88 | Celtic | HM | Celtic | O | Rangers | A |
1988–89 | Rangers | A | Celtic | R | Rangers | A |
1989–90 | Rangers | A | Aberdeen | C | Aberdeen | R |
1990–91 | Rangers | A | Motherwell | O | Rangers | C |
1991–92 | Rangers | HM | Rangers | O | Hibernian | O |
1992–93[i] | Rangers | A | Rangers | A | Rangers | A |
1993–94 | Rangers | A | Dundee United | R | Rangers | H |
1994–95 | Rangers | O | Celtic | O | Raith Rovers | C |
1995–96 | Rangers | C | Rangers | HM | Aberdeen | O |
1996–97 | Rangers | C | Kilmarnock | O | Rangers | HM |
1997–98 | Celtic | R | Heart of Midlothian | R | Celtic | O |
1998–99 | Rangers | C | Rangers | C | Rangers | O |
1999–2000 | Rangers | C | Rangers | A | Celtic | A |
2000–01 | Celtic | R | Celtic | H | Celtic | O |
2001–02 | Celtic | R | Rangers | C | Rangers | O |
2002–03 | Rangers | C | Rangers | O | Rangers | C |
2003–04 | Celtic | R | Celtic | O | Livingston | H |
2004–05 | Rangers | C | Celtic | O | Rangers | O |
2005–06 | Celtic | HM | Heart of Midlothian | O | Celtic | O |
2006–07 | Celtic | R | Celtic | O | Hibernian | O |
2007–08 | Celtic | R | Rangers | O | Rangers | O |
2008–09 | Rangers | C | Rangers | O | Celtic | R |
2009–10 | Rangers | C | Dundee United | O | Rangers | O |
2010–11 | Rangers | C | Celtic | O | Rangers | C |
2011–12 | Celtic | R | Heart of Midlothian | H | Kilmarnock | C |
2012–13 | Celtic | O | Celtic | H | St Mirren | HM |
2013–14 | Celtic | O | St Johnstone | O | Aberdeen | O |
2014–15 | Celtic | A | Inverness CT | O | Celtic | O |
2015–16 | Celtic | A | Hibernian | R | Ross County | H |
2016–17[j] | Celtic | A | Celtic | A | Celtic | A |
2017–18 | Celtic | A | Celtic | O | Celtic | O |
2018–19 | Celtic | R | Celtic | HM | Celtic | A |
2019–20 | Celtic | R | Celtic | HM | Celtic | R |
2020–21 | Rangers | C | St Johnstone | H | St Johnstone | O |
- ^ Shared between Dumbarton and Rangers, Dumbarton goal difference superior so given 1st place for the purpose of this chart
- ^ Withheld after riot in 1909 Scottish Cup Final
- ^ unofficial Victory Cup
- ^ 1927–28 was the only pre-WWII season in which the Old Firm clubs finished 1st and 2nd in the League and were winners and runners-up in the Scottish Cup
- ^ unofficial Southern Football League
- ^ unofficial Victory Cup
- ^ unofficial Southern League Cup
- ^ 1965–66 was the only post-WWII season (to date) in which the Old Firm clubs finished 1st and 2nd in the League and were winners and runners-up in both cups
- ^ In 1992–93 Aberdeen finished runners-up to Rangers in all three competitions[77]
- ^ In 2016–17 Aberdeen finished runners-up to Celtic in all three competitions[77]
Ver también
- History of the Scotland national football team
- Scottish clubs in the FA Cup
- Scotch Professors
Notas
Referencias
- ^ Marples, M. 1954. A History of Football, Secker and Warburg, London, p38
- ^ Julius R. Ruff, Violence in Early Modern Europe 1500-1800 (Cambridge, 2001), p. 169.
- ^ a b c d e f g h [Magoun, F.P. (1931) Scottish Popular Football, 1424–1815, The American Historical Review]
- ^ Michael Pearce, 'A French Furniture Maker and the 'Courtly Style' in Sixteenth-Century Scotland', Regional Furniture, XXXII (2018), p. 127.
- ^ a b Marples, M. 1954. A History of Football, Secker and Warburg, London
- ^ a b [Marples, Morris. A History of Football, Secker and Warburg, London 1954]
- ^ http://www2.umist.ac.uk/sport/SPORTS%20HISTORY/BSSH/The%20Sports%20Historian/TSH%2021-1/21[permanent dead link]
- ^ (Bob Crampsey 1990, p. 2)
- ^ a b BBC - A Sporting Nation - Scottish League formed
- ^ H.M. The Scotsman newspaper, 1 December 1870, page 12
- ^ The Scotsman Newspaper, 21 November 1870, page 7
- ^ The Scotsman Newspaper 27 February 1871
- ^ Bell's Life in London and Sporting chronicle on Sat 18 November 1871
- ^ Bell's Life in London and Sporting Chronicle, Saturday 17 February 1872
- ^ Charles W Alcock, The Scotsman newspaper, 28 November 1870, page 7
- ^ a b The Scotsman newspaper, 21 November 1870, page 7
- ^ Harvey, Adrian in Football The First Hundred Years The Untold Story, Routledge
- ^ Minutes of the Football Association of 3 October 1872, London
- ^ Daily News (London, England), Tuesday, 6 February 1872; Issue 8042.
- ^ Glasgow Herald (Glasgow, Scotland), Tuesday, 28 March 1871; Issue 9746.
- ^ a b c d The Scotsman - Monday, 2 December 1872, page 6
- ^ a b The Graphic (London, England), Saturday, 14 December 1872; Issue 159.
- ^ http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/sportscotland/asportingnation/article/0012/page02.shtml
- ^ Bell's Life in London and Sporting Chronicle (London, England), Saturday, 9 March 1872; Issue 2,697
- ^ Scottish Football Association (2005). "The Professional Game". scottishfa.co.uk. Archived from the original on 28 June 2008. Retrieved 7 April 2007.
impressed by the playing ability and teamwork shown by the Scots in meetings with England were soon looking north to snag their own "Scotch professors" of the game.
- ^ https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2020/apr/25/even-when-sunderland-ruled-the-globe-club-world-cups-were-controversial
- ^ Days, p. 13.
- ^ Days, p. 18.
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