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El Aeropuerto Internacional McCarran (que pronto pasará a llamarse Aeropuerto Internacional Harry Reid ) ( IATA : LAS , OACI : KLAS , FAA LID : LAS ) es un aeropuerto internacional en Paradise , Nevada y es el principal aeropuerto gubernamental para uso público en el Valle de Las Vegas . un área metropolitana en el estado estadounidense de Nevada, a unas 5 millas (8 km) al sur del centro de Las Vegas . El aeropuerto es propiedad de la Comisión del Condado de Clark y es operado por el Departamento de Aviación del Condado de Clark.. Lleva el nombre del difunto senador estadounidense Pat McCarran , miembro del Partido Demócrata que contribuyó al desarrollo de la aviación tanto en Las Vegas como a escala nacional. LAS cubre 2.800 acres (11,3 km 2 ) de tierra. [2]

El aeropuerto se construyó en 1942 y se abrió a los vuelos de las aerolíneas en 1948. Desde entonces se ha expandido y ha empleado varias tecnologías innovadoras, como las instalaciones de uso común. El aeropuerto tiene cuatro pistas y dos terminales de pasajeros. Al este de las terminales de pasajeros se encuentra el Marnell Air Cargo Center, y en el lado oeste del aeropuerto hay operadores de base fija y compañías de helicópteros. El aeropuerto sirve como base para Allegiant Air , Frontier Airlines , Southwest Airlines y Spirit Airlines . Es el aeropuerto más transitado de los Estados Unidos que no opera como un centro para ninguna de las tres aerolíneas heredadas de EE . UU .

Historia [ editar ]

Orígenes (1920-1948) [ editar ]

Tarjeta postal que muestra al senador estadounidense Pat McCarran en el McCarran Field original, 1941

El primer aeropuerto de Las Vegas fue Anderson Field , inaugurado en noviembre de 1920 [3] [4] al sureste de las actuales Sahara Ave y Paradise Rd. Comprado por los hermanos Rockwell en 1925, el aeródromo pasó a llamarse Rockwell Field, y en abril de 1926 Western Air Express (WAE) comenzó a transportar correo (y eventualmente pasajeros). [3] Cuando los hermanos vendieron Rockwell Field y el nuevo propietario canceló el contrato de arrendamiento de WAE, la aerolínea tuvo que buscar otro aeropuerto. [5] El empresario local PA Simon había construido un aeródromo al noreste de la ciudad [5] (ahora Nellis Air Force Base ) y WAE se mudó allí en noviembre de 1929 y compró el campo unos años más tarde. [6][7]

Cuando la ciudad intentó comprar el campo y construir una terminal más moderna, WAE se negó, pero con el advenimiento de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, WAE fue presionada para vender. [8] El senador de Nevada Pat McCarran ayudó a obtener fondos federales para que la ciudad comprara el campo y construyera una terminal. También ayudó a establecer una escuela de artillería por parte del Cuerpo Aéreo del Ejército de los Estados Unidos en el campo. [9] Por las contribuciones del senador, el aeropuerto fue nombrado McCarran Field en 1941. [10]

Un tercer aeródromo, Alamo Field, fue establecido en 1942 por el aviador George Crockett al sur de Las Vegas, en la ubicación actual del Aeropuerto McCarran. [11] El ejército trató de abrir una base en el sitio de McCarran Field, por lo que el condado de Clark compró Alamo Field para convertirlo en su aeropuerto de línea aérea. Alamo Field se convirtió en el nuevo McCarran Field el 19 de diciembre de 1948. [10] [11] Mientras tanto, el Ejército reabrió su base en el McCarran Field original en 1949 y la nombró Nellis Air Force Base en 1950. [12]

Expansión temprana (1949-1996) [ editar ]

En su primer año de funcionamiento, McCarran Field atendió a más de 35.000 pasajeros. La OAG de abril de 1949 muestra 12 salidas al día: 5 Western, 5 TWA y 2 United. La industria de los casinos de Las Vegas creció durante la década de 1950, y el aeropuerto manejó 959.603 pasajeros en 1959. [10] El OAG de mayo de 1959 muestra 47 salidas entre semana: 13 Western, 11 United, 11 TWA, 9 Bonanza y 3 Pacific. Los primeros vuelos a reacción fueron United 720 en septiembre de 1960.

Un área de puertas y rotonda con máquinas tragamonedas en 2007

Los funcionarios del aeropuerto comenzaron a planificar una nueva terminal de pasajeros; la terminal original estaba en Las Vegas Boulevard y la nueva se construyó en Paradise Road. [13] La terminal, cuyo diseño se inspiró en el TWA Flight Center en la ciudad de Nueva York, [13] abrió el 15 de marzo de 1963. [10] El aeropuerto pasó a llamarse Aeropuerto Internacional McCarran el 5 de septiembre de 1968. [14] Además La expansión tuvo lugar entre 1970 y 1974 con la construcción de las puertas A y B.

Antes de la desregulación, el aeropuerto tenía cuatro aerolíneas dominantes: United y TWA prestaban servicio sin escalas en ambas costas, mientras que Western y Hughes Airwest volaban a ciudades del oeste de Estados Unidos. [15] Después de la desregulación de la industria de las aerolíneas en 1978, el número de aerolíneas en McCarran se duplicó de siete a catorce a fines de 1979. [10] Las nuevas aerolíneas incluyeron American , Braniff y Continental . [dieciséis]

En respuesta, el condado lanzó un plan de expansión, McCarran 2000, en el que se enumeran los proyectos que se emprenderán en el año 2000. [17] Instalaciones de reclamo de equipaje ampliadas, una explanada y un estacionamiento abierto en 1985; las Puertas C y la primera línea del sistema de transporte de personas siguieron en 1987. [14]

La Terminal Charter / Internacional, más tarde rebautizada como Terminal 2, se inauguró en diciembre de 1991 para manejar el tráfico internacional. [14] También se construyó un garaje de estacionamiento adicional de nueve pisos y un túnel que une la circunvalación de Las Vegas con el aeropuerto. [18] [19] En junio de 1998, se abrieron las alas suroeste y sureste de las Puertas D. [20]

A fines de la década de 1990, el aeropuerto se centró en atraer aerolíneas extranjeras. [21] En 1994, Condor Flugdienst inició vuelos chárter desde Alemania, lanzando un servicio regular desde Colonia / Bonn y Frankfurt en 1997. [22] Northwest Airlines y Japan Airlines introdujeron vuelos desde Tokio-Narita en 1998, [23] [24] y Virgin Atlantic comenzó a volar desde Londres-Gatwick en 2000. [25]

Finalización de Innovation and D Gates (1997-2011) [ editar ]

Las puertas D terminadas en mayo de 2009, con la Terminal 3 en construcción al fondo

En 1997, el aeropuerto introdujo el Equipo Terminal de Uso Común (CUTE), convirtiéndose en el primer aeropuerto del país en hacerlo. [26] Con varias aerolíneas que sirven a McCarran, se volvió ineficaz tener instalaciones separadas para cada aerolínea. [27] CUTE permite el uso compartido de taquillas y puertas; una aerolínea puede desbordarse hacia instalaciones inactivas durante las horas pico. [27] [28]

McCarran impulsó su estrategia de uso común en 2003 con el sistema SpeedCheck, introduciendo quioscos de autoservicio de uso común (CUSS). [29] Los quioscos permiten a los pasajeros registrarse e imprimir tarjetas de embarque para cualquiera de las múltiples aerolíneas. Anteriormente, las aerolíneas habían estado instalando sus propios quioscos de facturación, derrotando el uso de CUTE y aumentando la congestión en los mostradores de boletos. [26] También se han instalado quioscos SpeedCheck en el Centro de Convenciones de Las Vegas . [30]

En enero de 2005, McCarran comenzó a ofrecer Wi-Fi gratuito en todas sus terminales de pasajeros. [31] El servicio cubría inicialmente 1,7 millones de pies cuadrados (160 000 m 2 ), lo que la convierte en la zona Wi-Fi gratuita más grande entre los aeropuertos de EE. UU. En ese momento. [32] El ala noreste de las Puertas D se inauguró en abril de 2005, junto con una torre de control de tráfico aéreo de 49 m (160 pies) en el centro de la explanada. [33] La expansión se había pospuesto tras los ataques del 11 de septiembre, pero se reanudó en medio de un alto crecimiento en el tráfico de pasajeros. [34] Más adelante en el año, el aeropuerto puso en marcha un sistema de seguimiento de equipaje mediante identificación por radiofrecuencia.(RFID) etiquetas. [35] Se insertan pequeños transmisores RFID en las etiquetas de equipaje para mejorar la identificación del equipaje, lo que reduce el riesgo de pérdida o extravío de equipaje. McCarran se convirtió en uno de los primeros aeropuertos del mundo en realizar etiquetado RFID a gran escala. [36]

El 19 de agosto de 2008, US Airways cerró su centro de vuelos nocturnos en el aeropuerto McCarran, [37] que había sido establecido por su predecesor America West Airlines en la década de 1990. [38] Con el fin de maximizar el uso de su flota, [39] US Airways había estado operando dos bancos de vuelos hacia y desde McCarran en medio de la noche. [37] La operación había convertido a US Airways en la segunda aerolínea con mayor actividad en McCarran, proporcionando más de 100 vuelos diarios de ida y vuelta. [37] Sin embargo, en medio del aumento de los precios del petróleo y la continua demanda de tarifas bajas, la aerolínea decidió cerrar el centro. [37] [40]En 2011, US Airways redujo los vuelos a Las Vegas en un 40% adicional. [41]

En septiembre de 2008 se completó el ala noroeste de las Puertas D. [14] Esto marcó la finalización de la explanada, que tiene un total de 44 puertas. [42]

Nueva torre en construcción, julio de 2013

En mayo de 2011 se inició la construcción de una nueva torre de control de tráfico aéreo . La torre tiene 107 m (352 pies) de altura y reemplaza a una torre más corta que se inauguró en 1983. [43] En enero de 2014 se descubrió que se había agregado incorrectamente un recubrimiento químico para prevenir el crecimiento de un hongo tóxico . [44] El problema se corrigió en junio siguiente, [45] y la torre se abrió el 28 de agosto de 2016. [46] La torre más corta será cerrada y demolida. [47]

A fines de la década de 1990, el condado decidió construir un segundo aeropuerto para Las Vegas, que se ubicaría a 48 km (30 millas) de la ciudad en el Valle de Ivanpah , llamado Aeropuerto del Valle de Ivanpah . El tráfico de pasajeros en McCarran había aumentado constantemente y el condado predijo que el aeropuerto alcanzaría su capacidad de 55 millones de pasajeros por año en 2008. El condado comenzó el proceso de adquisición de terrenos federales para el aeropuerto y comenzó a financiar un EIS . Sin embargo, el advenimiento de una recesión económica en 2007 y la disminución resultante en el número de pasajeros cuestionaron el proyecto del aeropuerto de Ivanpah Valley. En junio de 2010, el proyecto fue suspendido indefinidamente. En 2018, el condado reinició la planificación de un nuevo aeropuerto. [48]

Terminal 3 y desarrollos posteriores (2012-presente) [ editar ]

La Terminal 3 se inauguró el 27 de junio de 2012. [49] El proyecto se anunció en enero de 2001 como una forma de adaptarse al rápido crecimiento del tráfico de pasajeros, incluido el tráfico internacional. [50] Se puso en duda en medio de la recesión de 2008 y la disminución del turismo a Las Vegas, pero el condado decidió continuar con el proyecto, en previsión de una eventual recuperación económica y un repunte en el número de pasajeros. [51] La construcción de la Terminal 3 costó 2.400 millones de dólares y es uno de los proyectos de obras públicas más grandes de Nevada. [49] [52] Reemplazó a la Terminal 2, proporcionando más puertas internacionales y una instalación más grande de Aduanas y Protección Fronteriza de EE. UU . [53]Con sus siete puertas nacionales, la terminal también alivia la congestión en la Terminal 1. [54] [55]

En un proyecto de $ 51 millones, ocho puertas nacionales en las puertas D (D19-D26) más cercanas a la explanada E se convirtieron en siete puertas "batientes", capaces de recibir vuelos tanto nacionales como internacionales. Las puertas estaban conectadas a la aduana en la Terminal 3 por un pasillo peatonal subterráneo. Las puertas D21 / D22 se convirtieron en la única puerta de tres pasarelas en McCarran; esto se hizo para proporcionar un área de alojamiento adecuada para el Airbus A380 de dos pisos . Esta conversión dio como resultado la conversión de la puerta D23 en D22A, y este proyecto de puerta "batiente" se completó en junio de 2017. [56] [57] Además, una renovación de $ 30 millones de las áreas de emisión de boletos y reclamo de equipaje de la Terminal 1 está en marcha a partir de Diciembre de 2016. Las mejoras incluyen baños renovados, nuevos mostradores de boletos,yPisos de terrazo . [58]

La torre de control del aeropuerto estuvo cerrada durante varios días en 2020 después de que un controlador dio positivo por COVID-19 . Las operaciones aeroportuarias continúan utilizando la frecuencia común de avisos de tráfico , aunque muchos vuelos se retrasan o cancelan debido a la capacidad reducida. [59]

Debido a las acciones y observaciones relacionadas con las acusaciones de racismo, el antisemitismo y la xenofobia polémicos de senador Pat McCarran, muchos líderes han empujado a cambiar el nombre del aeropuerto desde 2012. [60] Estados Unidos Representantes Dina Titus , Susie Lee y Steven Horsford , [61] Ex Senador estadounidense Harry Reid , [62] Senadores estadounidenses Catherine Cortez Masto [63] y Jacky Rosen , [64] Comisionados del condado de Clark William McCurdy II , Justin Jones , [65] y Tick ​​Segerblom , [66][67] El presidente de la UNLV Keith Whitfield, el fiscal general de Nevada Aaron Ford , [68] la vicegobernadora de Nevada Kate Marshall , el gobernador de Nevada Steve Sisolak [69] y el empresario y donante político Stephen Cloobeck [70] - todos demócratas, al igual que McCarran - y UNR El presidente y ex gobernador de Nevada, Brian Sandoval (republicano) [71], ha abogado por un cambio de nombre. [72] [73] El nombre propuesto del Aeropuerto Internacional Harry Reidfue aprobada por unanimidad con 7 votos por la Comisión del Condado de Clark el 16 de febrero de 2021. [60]

Facilities[edit]

Runways[edit]

Terminal 1, showing Concourses A and B. Concourse C extends to the right, out of view in 2011.
Automated people mover at McCarran in 2011

McCarran Airport has four runways:[74]

All runways have been resurfaced with concrete, a more durable material than the previous asphalt. In April 2016, 8L/26R was the last runway to be resurfaced; it is the longest at McCarran and serves a third of the airport's traffic.[75] Parallel to it is runway 8R/26L, which opened in 1991.[76] On the western side of the airport are runways 1L/19R and 1R/19L. 1L/19R was a 5000-foot runway for light aircraft before it was widened and lengthened in 1997.[77] Between the two sets of parallel runways was runway 14/32, which has been decommissioned.[a] Runways 8L/26R and 8R/26L were previously 7L/25R and 7R/25L. The runways were renumbered 8L/26R and 8R/26L in August 2017 due to a shift in direction of the Earth's magnetic field.[80][81]

Dry weather at McCarran allows operations under visual flying rules 99% of the time. During most of the year (about 56% of the time) the airport uses Visual Configuration 1: runways 19R and 26L for arrivals and 19L and 26R for departures. Airfield capacity in Configuration 1 is constrained by bordering military airspace, high terrain to the west, and an uphill departure from 26R. Because of the heat, 26R is favored over 19L for departures. When the winds shift in the winter (about 13% of the year), the airfield adopts Visual Configuration 3, which uses 01L and 26L for arrivals and 01L and 01R for departures. Marginal flying conditions adopt the same Configuration 1/Configuration 3 split based on the prevailing winds. In instrument weather, arrivals are preferred on 26L, and departures take off from 19L and 26R.[82]

Terminals[edit]

There are two terminals at McCarran and 5 concourses with a total of 92 gates. Terminal 1 was completed in 1963, Terminal 2 was completed in 1986, and Terminal 3 was completed in 2012. Prior to the completion of Terminal 3, Terminal 2 handled international flights. After Terminal 3 was completed, Terminal 2 became redundant and it was demolished in 2016.

Terminal 1 opened on March 15, 1963, and was expanded between 1970 and 1974 with the current A and B Gates buildings.[10] Currently, Terminal 1 has four concourses, each of which is connected to a central pre-security area. West of the pre-security area are the A Gates and the B Gates, two Y-shaped concourses with circular ends. To the south are the C Gates, accessed by the Green Line of the tram system. A satellite concourse housing the D gates opened in 1998. At the time of opening, the terminal housed a number of non-hub airlines.[83] The Blue Line of the tram system links the D Gates with the post-security area. The terminal serves Allegiant Airlines, American Airlines, Delta Airlines, Spirit Airlines, and Southwest Airlines.

Terminal 3 was built on the eastern side of the McCarran Airport Corridor, and is located just north of Concourse D. The terminal has 14 gates, seven domestic (E8–E12, E14–E15) and the other seven international (E1–E7); Concourse E and the D19-D26 "swing gates" at Concourse D (the part of Concourse D that is nearest to Concourse E) handle all international flights. [84] Four of the international gates have two jetways each to allow for quicker handling of wide-body aircraft. The Red Line of the tram system links Terminal 3 with the D Gates.[85]

Automated people mover[edit]

McCarran has three separate tram lines:

  • Green line, connecting Terminal 1 with C Gates
  • Blue line, connecting Terminal 1 with D Gates
  • Red line, connecting Terminal 3 with D Gates

Ground transportation[edit]

A shuttle about to depart Terminal 1 for the rental car center in 2010

Road access to McCarran Airport is provided by Paradise Road to the north and by the McCarran Airport Connector to the south, which connects to the Las Vegas Beltway.

Terminal 1 and Terminal 3 have their own parking garages.[86][87] Each also has its own economy lot, which provides lower parking rates,[88][89] and a separate lot for oversize vehicles.[90][91] Complimentary shuttle transportation is provided between the terminals and the remote Terminal 1 economy and oversize vehicle lots. In March 2016, the airport opened a cellphone lot, which provides free parking to people waiting for passengers.[92]

A consolidated rental car facility opened in April 2007, located about 3 miles (4.8 km) from the airport. The facility, which sits on 68 acres (28 ha) of land, houses multiple rental car companies with 5,000 parking spaces on multiple levels. Courtesy shuttles transport passengers between the airport and the facility.[93]

For transportation between Terminal 1 and Terminal 3, McCarran Airport provides a free shuttle service, which leaves from Level 0 of both terminals.[94][95]

RTC Transit provides bus transportation to and from various parts of the Las Vegas Valley. Route 108, Route 109, the Westcliff Airport Express and the Centennial Express provide direct access to the airport. Buses depart from Level 0 of Terminal 1 and Level 2 of Terminal 3.[94]

Other facilities[edit]

A small parking lot on the south side of the airport, on E. Sunset Road, between Las Vegas Blvd., and S. Eastern Ave, allows the public to watch aircraft take off, land, and listen to the aircraft radios. This is the only "official" watching area. There are several unofficial areas, mainly off the ends of the runways, however they are heavily patrolled by Las Vegas Metro Police and spectators are commonly asked to leave. The public watching area is currently closed due to COVID regulations.

Atlantic Aviation and Signature Flight Support are the two fixed-base operators (FBOs) at the airport, providing various services to private aircraft.[96] Engine 13 of the Clark County Fire Department is located on the grounds of McCarran International Airport.

Maverick Helicopters and Papillon Grand Canyon Helicopters each operate their own terminal at McCarran Airport. The Maverick terminal covers 6,000 square feet (560 m2), while the Sundance terminal occupies 13,000 square feet (1,200 m2). The Papillon terminal was established in 1997.[97] The companies provide helicopter tours over the Las Vegas Strip, Grand Canyon, and other tourist attractions.[98][99]

Janet flights depart from a private terminal located on the west side of the airport. The airline, which is owned by the U.S. Air Force and operated by AECOM, transports employees and contractors to airports within the Nevada National Security Site.[100]

The Marnell Air Cargo Center covers 200,928 square feet (18,666.8 m2) and can handle 100,000 short tons (91,000 t) of cargo.[101] The $29 million facility opened in October 2010,[102] replacing a smaller facility that existed at the site of Terminal 3.[101] The center consists of two buildings, one of which is leased by FedEx and the other by multiple other companies, including UPS and Southwest Airlines.[103]

The main exhibits of the Howard W. Cannon Aviation Museum are located on Level 2 of Terminal 1, above baggage claim. There are additional exhibits throughout the airport and at other airports in the city. Display items chronicle the early history of aviation in Southern Nevada.[3] The museum is named after former Nevada Senator Howard Cannon, who contributed to the development of aviation in the county.[104] Its administrator is Mark Hall-Patton, who has appeared on the reality television show Pawn Stars.[105]

Airlines and destinations[edit]

Passenger[edit]

Cargo[edit]

Statistics[edit]

Top domestic destinations[edit]

Top airlines by international passengers[edit]

Annual traffic[edit]

See source Wikidata query and sources.

Accidents and incidents[edit]

  • On the evening of November 15, 1964, Bonanza Air Lines Flight 114, a Fairchild F-27 turboprop flying from Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport to McCarran Int'l Airport crashed into the top of a hill in desert country about 8 miles (13 km) SSW of Las Vegas in poor weather conditions, all 26 passengers and three crew perished. The probable cause was the misreading of a faulty, outdated approach chart by the captain which resulted in a premature descent before impacting terrain.[159]
  • On September 8, 2015, British Airways Flight 2276 aborted takeoff from McCarran due to engine failure. While preparing to takeoff from runway 7L for London Gatwick Airport, the Boeing 777-200ER suffered failure of its left (#1) engine, and a fire erupted.[160] 14 passengers suffered injuries during the evacuation,[160] and the runway was closed for eight hours.[161] The aircraft suffered major damage, but it was repaired and returned to service in March 2016.[162]
  • On October 1, 2017, a mass shooting occurred during a country music concert near the airport. Fleeing concertgoers ran across the Las Vegas Strip and climbed over the fence onto airport property. Flights to McCarran were temporarily suspended as a result, with inbound aircraft diverted to Phoenix Sky Harbor Airport and several airports in California. In addition, the shooter, Stephen Paddock, attempted to detonate a jet fuel tank at the airport by firing on it from their position, but the fuel did not ignite.[163]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ The runway appears in Jeppesen charts from 1955 and 1966;[78][79] it closed about 1973.

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Clark County Department of Aviation Statistics". McCarran.com. Archived from the original on 2 February 2019. Retrieved 1 February 2019.
  2. ^ FAA Airport Form 5010 for LAS PDF, effective February 1, 2018.
  3. ^ a b c "Howard W. Cannon Aviation Museum". Clark County, Nevada. Archived from the original on May 3, 2016. Retrieved April 30, 2016.
  4. ^ Wright 2005, p. 31.
  5. ^ a b Moehring & Green 2005, p. 73.
  6. ^ Wright 2005, p. 32.
  7. ^ Moehring & Green 2005, pp. 85, 145.
  8. ^ Moehring & Green 2005, pp. 85–86.
  9. ^ Wright 2005, p. 33.
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  11. ^ a b Wright 2005, p. 35.
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  14. ^ a b c d Jones 2012, p. 15.
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Bibliography
  • Jones, Chris (2012). Terminal 3 Media Kit (PDF) (Report). McCarran International Airport. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 25, 2016. Retrieved May 1, 2016.
  • Moehring, Eugene; Green, Michael (2005). Las Vegas: A Centennial History. Reno, NV: University of Nevada Press. ISBN 0-87417-615-8.
  • Wright, Frank (2005). Nevada Yesterdays: Short Looks at Las Vegas History. Las Vegas, NV: Stephens Press. ISBN 1-932173-27-7.
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External links[edit]

  • Official website
  • FAA Airport Diagram (PDF), effective April 22, 2021
  • FAA Terminal Procedures for LAS, effective April 22, 2021
  • Howard W. Cannon Aviation Museum — Official site
  • Jeppesen airport diagrams for 1955 and 1966
  • Resources for this airport:
    • AirNav airport information for KLAS
    • ASN accident history for LAS
    • FlightAware airport information and live flight tracker
    • NOAA/NWS weather observations: current, past three days
    • SkyVector aeronautical chart for KLAS
    • FAA current LAS delay information