Aedes es un género de mosquitos que se encuentran originalmente en zonas tropicales y subtropicales , pero ahora se encuentran en todos los continentes excepto en la Antártida . Algunas especies se han propagado por la actividad humana : Aedes albopictus , una especie particularmente invasora , se propagó recientemente al Nuevo Mundo , incluidos los Estados Unidos , por el comercio de neumáticos usados .
Aedes | |
---|---|
Aedes aegypti | |
clasificación cientifica | |
Reino: | Animalia |
Filo: | Artrópodos |
Clase: | Insecta |
Pedido: | Dípteros |
Familia: | Culicidae |
Tribu: | Aedini |
Género: | Aedes Meigen , 1818 |
Especie tipo | |
Aedes cinereus Meigen, 1818 | |
Especies | |
Ver lista de especies de Aedes |
Descrito y nombrado por primera vez por el entomólogo alemán Johann Wilhelm Meigen en 1818, el nombre genérico proviene del griego antiguo ἀηδής, aēdēs , que significa "desagradable" u "odioso". La especie tipo de Aedes es Aedes cinereus . [2]
Algunas especies de este género transmiten enfermedades graves, como la fiebre del dengue , la fiebre amarilla , el virus Zika , [3] y Chikungunya . En Polinesia , la especie Aedes polynesiensis es responsable de la transmisión de la filariasis linfática humana .
Aedes puede ser detectado y monitoreado por ovitrampas .
El genoma del mosquito de la fiebre amarilla ( Aedes aegypti ) fue secuenciado por el Instituto Broad y el Instituto de Investigaciones Genómicas . La asamblea inicial fue lanzada en agosto de 2005; en junio de 2007 se publicó un borrador de la secuencia del genoma y el análisis preliminar. [4] El genoma anotado está disponible en VectorBase . [5] En 2018 se lanzó una versión actualizada y mejorada del genoma de Aedes aegypti. [6]
Caracteristicas
Aedes mosquitoes are visually distinctive because they have noticeable black and white markings on their bodies and legs. Unlike most other mosquitoes, they are active and bite only during the daytime. The peak biting periods are early in the morning and in the evening before dusk.[7]
Papel en la enfermedad
Members of the genus Aedes are known vectors for numerous viral infections. The two most prominent species that transmit viruses are A. aegypti and A. albopictus, which transmit the viruses that cause dengue fever, yellow fever, West Nile fever, chikungunya, eastern equine encephalitis, and Zika virus,[8] along with many other, less notable diseases. Infections with these viruses are typically accompanied by a fever, and in some cases, encephalitis, which can lead to death. A vaccine to provide protection from yellow fever exists, and measures to prevent mosquito bites include insecticides such as DDT, mosquito traps, insect repellents, and mosquito nets.
Sistemática y filogenia
The genus was named by Johann Wilhelm Meigen in 1818. The generic name comes from the Ancient Greek ἀηδής, aēdēs, meaning "unpleasant"[10] or "odious".
As historically defined, the genus contains over 700 species (see the list of Aedes species). The genus has been divided into several subgenera (Aedes, Diceromyia, Finlaya, Stegomyia, etc.), most of which have been recently treated by some authorities as full genera.[11] The classification was revised in 2009.[12]
Referencias
- ^ "WHO | The mosquito". WHO.
- ^ "Aedes". Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit. Archived from the original on 2016-04-06. Retrieved 2016-02-04..
- ^ "CDC Transmission of Zika virus". Archived from the original on 2017-09-20. Retrieved 2017-09-08.
- ^ Nene V, Wortman JR, Lawson D, Haas B, Kodira C, Tu ZJ, et al. (June 2007). "Genome sequence of Aedes aegypti, a major arbovirus vector". Science. 316 (5832): 1718–23. Bibcode:2007Sci...316.1718N. doi:10.1126/science.1138878. PMC 2868357. PMID 17510324.
- ^ "Aedes aegypti". VectorBase. Archived from the original on 1 August 2019. Retrieved 3 November 2013.
- ^ Matthews BJ, Dudchenko O, Kingan SB, Koren S, Antoshechkin I, Crawford JE, et al. (November 2018). "Improved reference genome of Aedes aegypti informs arbovirus vector control". Nature. 563 (7732): 501–507. Bibcode:2018Natur.563..501M. doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0692-z. PMC 6421076. PMID 30429615.
- ^ "WHO | Dengue/Severe dengue frequently asked questions". WHO.
- ^ "PAHO Statement on Zika Virus Transmission and Prevention". Pan American Health Organization. 2 February 2016. Archived from the original on 2016-01-26. Retrieved 2016-01-26.
- ^ Le Goff G, Brengues C, Robert V (2013). "Stegomyia mosquitoes in Mayotte, taxonomic study and description of Stegomyia pia n. sp". Parasite. 20: 31. doi:10.1051/parasite/2013030. PMC 3770211. PMID 24025625.
- ^ Powell, Jeffrey R.; Tabachnick, Walter J. (2013). "History of domestication and spread of Aedes aegypti - A Review". Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. 108: 11–17. doi:10.1590/0074-0276130395. PMC 4109175. PMID 24473798.
- ^ Reinert JF, Harbach RE, Kitching IJ (2004). "Phylogeny and classification of Aedini (Diptera: Culicidae), based on morphological characters of all life stages" (PDF). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 142 (3): 289–368. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2004.00144.x. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-03-13.
- ^ Reinert JF, Harbach RE, Kitching IJ (2009). "Phylogeny and classification of tribe Aedini (Diptera: Culicidae)" (PDF). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 157 (4): 700–794. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00570.x.
enlaces externos
- Singapore Government dengue site that describes the mosquito
- "Aedes". NCBI Taxonomy Browser. 7158.