Etapas educativas son subdivisiones de aprendizaje formal , por lo general cubren la educación infantil , educación primaria , educación secundaria y educación terciaria . La Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura ( UNESCO ) reconoce nueve niveles de educación en su sistema de Clasificación Internacional Normalizada de la Educación (CINE) (desde el Nivel 0 (educación preprimaria) hasta el Nivel 8 (doctorado)). La Oficina Internacional de Educación de la UNESCO mantiene una base de datos de los sistemas educativos específicos de cada país y sus etapas. [1]
Organización
La educación durante la niñez y la edad adulta temprana generalmente se brinda a través de un sistema de escuela infantil de dos o tres etapas , seguido de etapas adicionales de educación superior o educación vocacional para aquellos que continúan su educación formal:
- Educación de la primera infancia en preescolar , guardería o jardín de infantes (fuera de EE. UU. Y Canadá)
- Educación primaria en la escuela primaria o la escuela primaria y, a veces, en los primeros años de la escuela secundaria.
- Educación secundaria en la escuela secundaria o preparatoria y, a veces, en los últimos años de la escuela secundaria
- Educación superior o educación vocacional
La siguiente tabla presenta los conceptos principales, aunque los términos y las edades pueden variar en diferentes lugares:
Edad | Etapa educativa | Sistema de 2 etapas | Sistema de 3 etapas | CINE |
---|---|---|---|---|
4 | Educación de la primera infancia | Preescolar | Preescolar | 0 |
5 | ||||
6 | Educación primaria | Escuela primaria | Escuela primaria | 1 |
7 | ||||
8 | ||||
9 | 2 | |||
10 | ||||
11 | Escuela intermedia | |||
12 | ||||
13 | Educación Secundaria | Escuela secundaria | ||
14 | ||||
15 | ||||
dieciséis | ||||
17 | Escuela secundaria | 3 | ||
18 | ||||
19 |
Para conocer las etapas adicionales de la educación CINE , consulte CINE .
Estructuras organizativas alternativas
Escuelas de Sudbury
Las escuelas de Sudbury no utilizan niveles de grado formales ni etapas educativas. En cambio, los estudiantes de 4 a 18 años se entremezclan en un sistema educativo democrático , confiando en una serie de certificaciones para usar equipos que pueden requerir conocimientos especializados o procedimientos de seguridad. Estas certificaciones no suelen estar restringidas por la edad, sino más bien por la capacidad demostrada. [2]
Por país
Australia
En Australia , los niños reciben trece años de educación formal (más preescolar o jardín de infancia no obligatorios), generalmente a partir de los 4, 5 o 6 años, y terminan a los 17, 18 o 19. Los años se numeran desde el "jardín de infancia" hasta el 12. .
En Nueva Gales del Sur (NSW) , Australia Occidental (WA) , Queensland (QLD) y Victoria (VIC) , la escuela primaria es Kindergarten (NSW) / Prep (Vic & Qld) / Preprimaria (WA) y Years 1-6 y escuela secundaria, años 7 a 12 (ver tabla a continuación).
Año | Siglos | Colegio |
---|---|---|
Jardín de infancia | 3-5 | Preescolar |
Prep / Kindergarten / Preprimaria / Foundation | 5-6 (a veces 4-5) | Primario |
Grado o año 1 | 6 a 7 (a veces, 5 a 6) | |
Grado o año 2 | 7-8 (a veces 6-7) | |
Grado o año 3 | 8–9 (a veces 7–8) | |
Grado o año 4 | 9-10 (a veces 8-9) | |
Grado o año 5 | 10-11 (a veces 9-10) | |
Grado o año 6 | 11-12 (a veces 10-11) | |
Grado o año 7 | 12-13 (a veces 11-12) | Secundario |
Grado o año 8 | 13-14 (a veces 12-13) | |
Grado o año 9 | 14-15 (a veces 13-14) | |
Grado o año 10 | 15-16 (a veces 14-15) | |
Grado o año 11 | 16-17 (a veces 15-16) | |
Grado o año 12 | 17-18 (a veces 16-17) |
En el Territorio de la Capital Australiana (ACT) y Tasmania (TAS) , la escuela primaria es Kindergarten (ACT) / Prep (Tas) y los años 1 a 6, la escuela secundaria son los años 7 a 10 y la universidad o la secundaria superior son los años 11 y 12 ( vea la tabla de abajo).
Año | Siglos | Colegio |
---|---|---|
Pre kinder | 3-5 | Preescolar |
Kindergarten / Prep | 5-6 | Primario |
Grado o año 1 | 6–7 | |
Grado o año 2 | 7-8 | |
Grado o año 3 | 8–9 | |
Grado o año 4 | 9-10 | |
Grado o año 5 | 10-11 | |
Grado o año 6 | 11-12 | |
Grado o año 7 | 12-13 | Secundario |
Grado o año 8 | 13-14 | |
Grado o año 9 | 14-15 | |
Grado o año 10 | 15-16 | |
Grado o año 11 | 16-17 | Universidad / secundaria superior |
Grado o año 12 | 17-18 |
En Australia del Sur , la escuela primaria es Reception y Years 1-7 (hasta 2022 [3], momento en el que el Year 7 se moverá de acuerdo con NSW / QLD / VIC / WA), y la escuela secundaria es Years 8-12 (ver tabla a continuación ).
Año | Siglos | Colegio |
---|---|---|
Jardín de infancia | 3-5 | Preescolar |
Recepción | 5-6 | Primario |
Grado o año 1 | 6–7 | |
Grado o año 2 | 7-8 | |
Grado o año 3 | 8–9 | |
Grado o año 4 | 9-10 | |
Grado o año 5 | 10-11 | |
Grado o año 6 | 11-12 | |
Grado o año 7 | 12-13 | |
Grado o año 8 | 13-14 | Secundario |
Grado o año 9 | 14-15 | |
Grado o año 10 | 15-16 | |
Grado o año 11 | 16-17 | |
Grado o año 12 | 17-18 |
Bielorrusia
En Bielorrusia, la educación está garantizada para todos. La escuela primaria tiene una duración de 4 años, pero algunos niños con discapacidades psíquicas estudian durante 5 años de acuerdo con un estándar especial. Los formularios del 1 al 9 se consideran obligatorios. Después de completar la escuela básica general, una persona puede estudiar en un establecimiento especial para conseguir un trabajo. Para ingresar a un establecimiento de educación superior, una persona debe completar la escuela secundaria general (los 11 formularios) y aprobar tres pruebas centralizadas. [4]
Año | Siglos | Colegio |
---|---|---|
Ясли (guardería) | 1-2 | Temprano |
Детский сад (jardín de infancia) | 3-5 (6) | |
Formulario 1 | 6–7 | Primario |
Forma 2 | 7-8 | |
Forma 3 | 8–9 | |
Forma 4 | 9-10 | |
Forma 5 | 10-11 | Básico general (secundario) |
Forma 6 | 11-12 | |
Forma 7 | 12-13 | |
Forma 8 | 13-14 | |
Forma 9 | 14-15 | |
Forma 10 | 15-16 | Secundaria general (elevado) |
Forma 11 | 16-17 |
Brasil
En Brasil, hay tres niveles de educación básica: "Educação Infantil" (preescolar), "Ensino Fundamental" (escuela primaria) y "Ensino Médio" (escuela secundaria), que generalmente se completan a los dieciocho años. La educación básica está diseñada para proporcionar los conocimientos mínimos necesarios para el ejercicio de la ciudadanía. También sirve para desarrollar la conciencia para elegir futuras profesiones. En Brasil, después del nombre del grado, se pueden usar los nombres "série" (serie) o "ano" (año). Las etapas educativas en Brasil se dividen de la siguiente manera:
Educação Infantil (Grado Brasil) | Siglos | Corresponsal en EE. UU. |
---|---|---|
Guardería | 0-3 | Guardería |
Pré-Escola | 4-6 | Preescolar |
Ensino Fundamental (Grado Brasil) | Siglos | Corresponsal en EE. UU. |
---|---|---|
1 o ano (Primeiro Ano) | 6–7 | primer grado |
2 o ano (Segundo Ano) | 7-8 | segundo grado |
3 o ano (Terceiro Ano) | 8–9 | tercer grado |
4 o ano (Quarto Ano) | 9-10 | cuarto grado |
5 o ano (Quinto Ano) | 10-11 | quinto grado |
6 o ano (Sexto Ano) | 11-12 | sexto grado |
7 o ano (Sétimo Ano) | 12-13 | séptimo grado |
8 o ano (Oitavo Ano) | 13-14 | octavo grado |
9 o ano (Nono Ano) | 14-15 | Noveno grado |
Ensino Médio (Grado Brasil) | Siglos | Corresponsal en EE. UU. |
---|---|---|
1 o ano (Primeiro Ano) | 15-16 | décimo grado |
2 o ano (Segundo Ano) | 16-17 | onceavo grado |
3 o ano (Terceiro Ano) | 17-18 | duodécimo grado |
Canadá
En Canadá , la escolarización comienza oficialmente en el jardín de infancia (o Maternelle en Quebec), seguido de los grados , con algunas variaciones para ciertos niveles en ciertas provincias / territorios. Cuando se refiere a un grado, los años escolares generalmente se refieren a su número cardinal ("Grado Tres").
En el nivel postsecundario en Canadá (anglófono), generalmente se hace referencia a un estudiante por el año de estudio en el que se encuentra (es decir, primer año, segundo año, etc.). Si están buscando algo más alto que un título universitario, la designación generalmente se refiere al año de estudio en el que se encuentran desde que ingresaron a los estudios de posgrado (es decir, estudiante de posgrado de primer año, etc.). Cualquier estudiante que haya completado su primer año de estudios de pregrado se considera un estudiante de año superior.
Cada provincia y territorio tiene su propio sistema educativo autónomo. Como tal, el nombre de cada nivel de educación y el año en el que comienza cada nivel variará en todo el país (al igual que el plan de estudios en sí).
Estructura de grados por provincia / territorio
La siguiente tabla muestra cómo se organizan las calificaciones en varias provincias. A menudo, habrá excepciones dentro de cada provincia, tanto con la terminología para grupos como con las calificaciones que se aplican a cada grupo.
Alberta ( fuente ) | Elemental | Secundaria | Secundaria superior | |||||||||||||
Jardín de infancia | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | ||||
Columbia Británica ( fuente ) [ verificación fallida ] | Elemental | Secundario | ||||||||||||||
Jardín de infancia | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | ||||
Manitoba [5] | Primeros años | Años intermedios | Años mayores | |||||||||||||
Jardín de infancia | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | ||||
New Brunswick ( fuente ) | Elemental | Escuela intermedia | Escuela secundaria | |||||||||||||
Jardín de infancia | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | ||||
Terranova y Labrador ( fuente ) | Primario | Elemental | Secundaria | Secundaria superior | ||||||||||||
Jardín de infancia | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | Nivel I | Nivel II | Nivel III | ||||
Territorios del Noroeste ( fuente ) | Primario | Intermedio | Secundaria menor | Secundaria superior | ||||||||||||
Jardín de infancia | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | ||||
Nueva Escocia ( fuente ) | Elemental | Secundaria | Secundaria superior | |||||||||||||
Primario | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | ||||
Ontario [6] | Elemental | Intermedio | Secundario | |||||||||||||
Jardín de infancia menor | Jardín de infancia | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | |||
PEI ( fuente ) | Elemental | Escuela intermedia | Secundaria superior | |||||||||||||
Jardín de infancia | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | ||||
Quebec [ cita requerida ] | Escuela primaria | Escuela secundaria | Colegio ( CÉGEP ) | |||||||||||||
Garderie | Maternelle | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | Sec I | Sec II | Sec III | Sec IV | Sec V | primero | segundo | tercera | |
Saskatchewan ( fuente [ enlace muerto permanente ] ) | Nivel de primaria | Nivel medio | Nivel secundario | |||||||||||||
Jardín de infancia | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | ||||
Yukon ( fuente ) | Elemental | Secundaria menor | Secundaria superior | |||||||||||||
Jardín de infancia | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
porcelana
En la República Popular de China (excepto Hong Kong y Macao), los años se organizan en tres etapas y se renumeran dentro de cada etapa: 6 años en la escuela primaria (小学) años 1 a 6, luego 3 años en la secundaria inferior (初级中学, abreviado 初中) años 7 a 9, luego 3 años en secundaria superior (高级中学, abreviado 高中) años 1 a 3. Los primeros nueve años (primaria 1-6 y secundaria básica 1-3) son obligatorios , y los años en superior la escuela secundaria es voluntaria. Se requiere completar la educación secundaria superior o alcanzar un nivel equivalente antes de poder recibir educación superior (高等教育) en las universidades.
Año | Siglos | Etapa |
---|---|---|
Año 1 | 6–7 | Elemental |
Año 2 | 7-8 | |
Año 3 | 8–9 | |
Cuarto año | 9-10 | |
Año 5 | 10-11 | |
Año 6 | 11-12 | |
Año 7 | 12-13 | Secundaria inferior |
Año 8 | 13-14 | |
Año 9 | 14-15 | |
Año 10 | 15-16 | Secundaria superior |
Año 11 | 16-17 | |
Año 12 | 17-18 |
Francia
La educación es obligatoria desde los 6 años hasta los 14 o 16 años. Al final del lycée cursus, se realiza el examen de Bachillerato francés . En Francia es posible fallar un año y hay que volver a tomar la decisión ( redoblar ).
Age | School | Classe | Cycle |
---|---|---|---|
2–3 | École maternelle | TPS: Toute petite section | Cycle I : Apprentissages premiers |
3–4 | PS: Petite section | ||
4–5 | MS: Moyenne section | ||
5–6 | GS: Grande section | Cycle II : Apprentissages fondamentaux | |
6–7 | École élémentaire | CP: Cours préparatoire | |
7–8 | CE1: Cours élémentaire, 1ère année | ||
8–9 | CE2: Cours élémentaire, 2éme année | Cycle III : Approfondissements | |
9–10 | CM1: Cours moyen, 1ère année | ||
10–11 | CM2: Cours moyen, 2ème année | ||
11–12 | Collège | Sixième | |
12–13 | Cinquième | ||
13–14 | Quatrième | ||
14–15 | Troisième | ||
15–16 | Lycée | Seconde | |
16–17 | Première | ||
17–18 | Terminale |
Greece
Education is compulsory from age 4 to age 15. Education is provided in public and
private schools, except Higher Education which is provided only by public universities.
Greece Framework | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Compulsory School Education PK9 | ||||
Year in Schooling | Age | Designation | Educational Stage | |
Pre-kindergarten | Year 1 | 4–5 | Pre-kindergarten | Preschool |
Kindergarten | Year 2 | 5–6 | Kindergarten | |
First grade | Year 1 | 6–7 | 1st Grade | Primary School |
Second grade | Year 2 | 7–8 | 2nd Grade | |
Third grade | Year 3 | 8–9 | 3rd Grade | |
Fourth grade | Year 4 | 9–10 | 4th Grade | |
Fifth grade | Year 5 | 10–11 | 5th Grade | |
Sixth grade | Year 6 | 11–12 | 6th Grade | |
Seventh grade | Year 7 | 12–13 | 1st Grade | Lower Secondary School (It is called Gymnasium) |
Eighth grade | Year 8 | 13–14 | 2nd Grade | |
Ninth grade | Year 9 | 14–15 | 3rd Grade | |
Non-Compulsory School Education | ||||
Tenth grade | Year 10 | 15–16 | 1st Grade | Upper Secondary School (It is called Lyceum) (US equivalent: High School) |
Eleventh grade | Year 11 | 16–17 | 2nd Grade | |
Twelfth grade | Year 12 | 17–18 | 3rd Grade |
Hong Kong
The Hong Kong system was based on the United Kingdom system, with an optional year at kindergarten, six years of primary school (小學) and six years of secondary school (中學), followed by four years at university. Primary 1 – 6 (小一 – 小六) corresponds to Years 1 – 6 in the UK, and Forms 1 – 6 (中一 – 中六) correspond to Years 7 – 12. Usually students begin Primary 1 at age 5 or 6 and complete Form 6 at age 17 or 18.
In Hong Kong, international schools follow the system of the country they are based upon, for example the English Schools Foundation uses the UK year system, and the French International School of Hong Kong uses the French école, collège, lycée system. Also, the English term form followed by the English number is common usage even in otherwise Cantonese conversations.
Year | Ages | Stage |
---|---|---|
Primary 1 | 6–7 | Primary |
Primary 2 | 7–8 | |
Primary 3 | 8–9 | |
Primary 4 | 9–10 | |
Primary 5 | 10–11 | |
Primary 6 | 11–12 | |
Form 1 | 12–13 | Secondary |
Form 2 | 13–14 | |
Form 3 | 14–15 | |
Form 4 | 15–16 | |
Form 5 | 16–17 | |
Form 6 | 17–18 |
Iceland
India
The central and most state boards uniformly follow the "10+2+3" pattern of education. In this pattern, study of 10 years is done in schools and 2 years in Junior colleges, and then 3 years of graduation for a bachelor's degree. The first 10 years is further subdivided into 4 years of primary education, 6 years of High School followed by 2 years of Junior colleges. This pattern originated from the recommendation of the Education Commission of 1964–66.
Pre-Primary education
- Play group (pre-nursery): At play schools, children are exposed to a lot of basic learning activities that help them to get independent faster and develop their self-help qualities like eating food themselves, dressing up, and maintaining cleanliness. The age limit for admission into pre-nursery is 2 to 3 years
- Nursery: Nursery level activities help children unfold their talents, thus enabling them to sharpen their mental and physical abilities. The age limit for admission in nursery is 3 to 4 years.
- LKG: It is also called the Junior Kindergarten (Jr. kg) stage. The age limit for admission in LKG is 4 to 5 years.
- UKG: It is also called the Senior Kindergarten (Sr. kg) stage. The age limit for admission in UKG is 5 to 6 years.
Primary education
The Indian government lays emphasis on primary education, also referred to as elementary education, to children aged 6 to 14 years old. Because education laws are given by the states, duration of primary school visit alters between the Indian states. The Indian government has also banned child labour in order to ensure that the children do not enter unsafe working conditions. However, both free education and the ban on child labour are difficult to enforce due to economic disparity and social conditions.80% of all recognised schools at the elementary stage are government run or supported, making it the largest provider of education in the country.
Secondary education
Secondary education covers children aged 12 to 18, a group comprising 8.85 crore children according to the 2001 Census of India. The final two years of secondary is often called Higher Secondary (HS), Senior Secondary, or simply the "+2" stage. The two halves of secondary education are each an important stage for which a pass certificate is needed, and thus are affiliated by central boards of education under HRD ministry, before one can pursue higher education, including college or professional courses.
UGC, NCERT, CBSE and ICSE directives state qualifying ages for candidates who wish to take board exams. Those at least 15 years old by 30 May for a given academic year are eligible to appear for Secondary board exams, and those 17 by the same date are eligible to appear for Higher Secondary certificate board exams. It further states that upon successful completion of Higher Secondary, one can apply to higher education under UGC control such as Engineering, Medical, and Business Administration.
New education policy 2020
India in 29 July approved a new education policy in order to replace the previous education system to an advanced education system. The new policy aims for universalisation of education from pre-school to secondary level with 100 per cent Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) in school education by 2030 and aims to raise GER in higher education to 50 per cent by 2025.
Key points:
The policy also proposes phasing out of all institutions offering single streams and that all universities and colleges must aim to become multidisciplinary by 2040.
- Grade division and structure
Introducing 3 years of pre-schooling, the National Education Policy 2020 has taken a similar approach like Cambridge and IB, which also offer dedicated Primary Year Programs.
Dismantling the age-old 10+2 concept, the policy pitches for a “5+3+3+4” design corresponding to the age groups 3–8 years (foundational stage), 8–11 (preparatory), 11–14 (middle), and 14–18 (secondary). This brings early childhood education (also known as pre-school education for children of ages 3 to 5) under the umbrella of formal schooling.
- School curriculum and pedagogy
According to the National Education Policy 2020, the school curriculum and pedagogy will aim for the holistic development of learners by equipping them with the key 21st-century skills. Additionally, it also aims for reduction in the syllabus to enhance essential learning and critical thinking.
- Languages
The policy advocates for mother-tongue/local language/regional language as the medium of instruction at least till grade 5, but preferably till Grade 8 and beyond.
Sanskrit will now be offered at all levels of school and higher education as an option for students including the 3-language formula. Other classical languages and literature of India also to be available as options. In non-Hindi states of India, students will be served as a Hindi alternative, students will have to choose between Hindi and Sanskrit. Tamil, Telugu, Bengali, Punjabi, etc. languages will also be emphasized under NEP2020.
Foreign languages will also be offered to students. Languages like Japanese, Korean, Russian, etc. will be introduced to them in their secondary school. They can opt for any language they want to learn. The step has been taken to embrace global culture and emphasize a multilingualism approach.
- Others
The NEP proposes sweeping changes including opening up of Indian higher education to foreign universities, dismantling of the UGC and the All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE), introduction of a four-year multidisciplinary undergraduate programme with multiple exit options, and discontinuation of the M Phil programme.
In school education, the policy focuses on overhauling the curriculum, "easier" Board exams, a reduction in the syllabus to retain “core essentials” and thrust on "experiential learning and critical thinking".
The policy also proposes phasing out of all institutions offering single streams and that all universities and colleges must aim to become multidisciplinary by 2040.
Indonesia
In Indonesia, children spend 12 years of formal education, but some children attend nursery playgroup (called Kelompok Belajar in 2 years) and attend kindergarten (Called Taman Kanak-Kanak in 2 years).
Age | Stage | School | Year |
---|---|---|---|
2–3 | Pre-school | Kelompok Belajar (KB) (Nursery Playgroup) | KB-A/KBJ |
3–4 | KB-B/KBS | ||
4–5 | Taman Kanak-kanak (TK) (Kindergarten) | TK-A | |
5–6 | TK-B | ||
6–7 | Primary School | Sekolah Dasar (SD) (Elementary School) | Kelas 1 |
7–8 | Kelas 2 | ||
8–9 | Kelas 3 | ||
9–10 | Kelas 4 | ||
10–11 | Kelas 5 | ||
11–12 | Kelas 6 | ||
12–13 | Secondary School | Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP) (Junior High School) | Kelas 7 |
13–14 | Kelas 8 | ||
14–15 | Kelas 9 | ||
15–16 | Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) (Senior High School) | Kelas 10 | |
16–17 | Kelas 11 | ||
17–18 | Kelas 12 |
Iran
The Iranian system has experienced several changes in the last seven to eight decades. Prior to 1940–1950, the education system had consisted of three levels, called in order: an optional year in kindergarten, six years of primary school, finally followed by six years of secondary school ending up with a diploma. After some improvements during Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, the system was changed to four consecutive periods: two optional years in kindergarten and pre-primary school, primary school consisting of 5 years, 3 years in middle school, and finally four years in high school. The system ended up by honoring a diploma in certain majors, e.g. math and physics.
Around 1996–1997, one year was reduced from the entire education system and one was honored with a diploma after three years in high school. However, if one would have liked to continue her/his education towards university degrees, one would have been required to take the last year, so called pre-university year. This year had been a requirement to participate in the Iranian University Entrance Exam for high school students. Again, around 2012, the system turned back to its previous system, consisting of two 6-year periods.
There are 2 formal stages of education in Iran: primary school (دبستان, Dabestãn) and high school (دبیرستان, Dabirestãn). The high school itself is broken into 2 parts: A and B.[further explanation needed] Preschool educations are informal, therefore Grade 1 is the first year. In Grade 1 (پایهی 1, Paye 1) also known as the 1st class (کلاس اوّل, Klãs Avval), children learn the basics of reading and writing.
Stage | School | Age |
---|---|---|
Preschool | Kindergarten | 3–6 |
Primary school | Grade 1 | 7 |
Grade 2 | 7–8 | |
Grade 3 | 8–9 | |
Grade 4 | 9–10 | |
Grade 5 | 10–11 | |
Grade 6 | 11–12 | |
High school first term | Grade 7 | 12–13 |
Grade 8 | 13–14 | |
Grade 9 | 14–15 | |
High school second term | Grade 10 | 15–16 |
Grade 11 | 16–17 | |
Grade 12 | 17–18 |
Ireland
In the Republic of Ireland, there are two levels of compulsory education; primary school (ca.5–12 years of age) and secondary school (ca.12–18 years). The names of each class are as follows:
- Junior Infants (4–5 years)
- Senior Infants (5–6 years)
- First Class (6–7 years)
- Second Class (7–8 years)
- Third Class (8–9 years)
- Fourth Class (9–10 years)
- Fifth Class (10–11 years)
- Sixth Class (11–12 years)
After Sixth Class, students move to secondary school, entering;
Junior Cycle:
- First Year (12–13 years)
- Second Year (13–14 years)
- Third Year (14–15 years) – Junior Certificate
- Fourth Year [or Transition Year] (15–16 years)
Senior Cycle:
- Fifth Year (15–17 years)
- Sixth Year [or Final Year] (16–18 years) – Leaving Certificate
In some schools, Transition Year is compulsory, in others it is optional.
Italy
In Italy, education is compulsory from the age of 6 to the age of 16. On parents' demand, children can start the Scuola primaria (see below) one year earlier.
Educazione Infantile:
- Asilo nido: 3 months – 3 years
- Scuola d'infanzia: 3 years – 5 years
Scuola primaria (informally: Scuola Elementare):
- I elementare: 6–7
- II elementare: 7–8
- III elementare: 8–9
- IV elementare: 9–10
- V elementare: 10–11
Scuola secondaria di primo grado (informally: Scuola Media):
- I media – 11–12
- II media – 12–13
- III media – 13–14
Scuola secondaria di secondo grado (informally: Scuola Superiore):
- biennio
- I superiore – 14–15
- II superiore – 15–16
- triennio
- III superiore – 16–17
- IV superiore – 17–18
- V superiore – 18–19
Japan
In Japan, the years are organized in three stages and renumbered within each stage: 6 years in elementary school (小学校, shōgakkō) years 1 to 6, then 3 years in lower secondary (中学校, chūgakkō) years 1 to 3, then 3 years in higher secondary (高等学校, kōtōgakkō, abbreviated 高校, kōkō) years 1 to 3. The first nine years (elementary 1–6 and lower secondary 1–3) are compulsory, and the years in higher secondary school are voluntary. Completing higher secondary education or attaining an equivalent level is required before one may receive higher education at universities (大学, daigaku).
Year | Ages | Stage |
---|---|---|
Year 1 | 6–7 | Elementary |
Year 2 | 7–8 | |
Year 3 | 8–9 | |
Year 4 | 9–10 | |
Year 5 | 10–11 | |
Year 6 | 11–12 | |
Year 1 | 12–13 | Lower secondary |
Year 2 | 13–14 | |
Year 3 | 14–15 | |
Year 1 | 15–16 | Higher secondary |
Year 2 | 16–17 | |
Year 3 | 17–18 |
Malaysia
Compulsory education in Malaysia spans a period of 11 years and comprises both primary and secondary education. Kindergarten is optional.
Malaysian primary school consists of six years of education, referred to as Year 1 to Year 6 (formerly Standard 1 to Standard 6). Year 1 – 3 are classified as Level One (Tahap Satu in Malay) while Year 4 – 6 make up Level Two (Tahap Dua). Primary schooling usually begins at the age of 7 and ends at 12. Students take their first national examination, the UPSR, towards the end of the Year 6 school year. Performance in the UPSR has no effect on their resuming schooling; all students continue with their secondary education after leaving primary school.
Secondary schooling usually begins at age 13. Secondary schools offer education for a total of five years, starting with Form 1 and finishing at Form 5. Forms 1 – 3 are grouped together into the "Lower Form" and Forms 4 & 5 are considered the "Upper Form". Students in Form 3 will have to sit for their second national exam, the PT3. They are then streamed into sciences or humanities classes for the Upper Form according to their performance in this exam. At age 17 students in Form 5 sit for the final level of national examinations, the SPM (Malaysian Certificate of Education). Achieving a passing grade in the Bahasa Melayu (Malay Language) portion of the exams is compulsory; failure results in an automatic failing grade for all subjects taken in the examination and the student is held back to repeat Form 5. Completion of the examination signifies that the student has completed formal education in Malaysia; an SPM certificate remains the base requirement to secure most jobs in Malaysia.
After the SPM, students have a choice of either continuing with Form 6 (which comprises 2 years, Lower and Upper Six) or entering matriculation (pre-university programs). If they opt for Form 6, they will be required to take the STPM examination. Although generally taken by those desiring to attend public universities in Malaysia, an STPM certification is internationally recognized and may also be used, though rarely required, to enter private local universities for undergraduate courses.
Year | Ages | School |
---|---|---|
Kindergarten (optional) | 4–6 | Preschool |
Tahun 1 (Year 1) | 7 | Tahap Satu (Level One or Lower Primary) |
Tahun 2 (Year 2) | 8 | |
Tahun 3 (Year 3) | 9 | |
Tahun 4 (Year 4) | 10 | Tahap Dua (Level Two or Higher Primary) |
Tahun 5 (Year 5) | 11 | |
Tahun 6 (Year 6) | 12 | |
Tingkatan 1 (Form 1) | 13 | Menengah Rendah (Lower Secondary) |
Tingkatan 2 (Form 2) | 14 | |
Tingkatan 3 (Form 3) | 15 | |
Tingkatan 4 (Form 4) | 16 | Menengah Atas (Upper Secondary) |
Tingkatan 5 (Form 5) | 17 | |
Tingkatan 6 (Form 6) (optional) | 18–19 | Pre-university programme |
Mexico
In Mexico, grades 1 through 12 can be divided into two stages: Educación Básica, and Educación Media Superior.[7] Educación Básica covers pre-primary education to the equivalent of eighth grade.[8] Educación Media Superior covers ninth through twelfth grade, and students' levels are identified by their current semester, not by their grade.[9]
Year | Ages | School | |
---|---|---|---|
Educación Básica | 3 – 5/6 | Preescolar / Kinder | |
Primer grado (1o) | 6/7 | Primaria | |
Segundo grado (2o) | 7/8 | ||
Tercer grado (3o) | 8/9 | ||
Cuarto grado (4o) | 9/10 | ||
Quinto grado (5o) | 10/11 | ||
Sexto grado (6o) | 11/12 | ||
Primero de secundaria | 12/13 | Secundaria | |
Segundo de secundaria | 13/14 | ||
Tercero de secundaria | 14/15 | ||
Educación Media Superior | Primer semestre, and Segundo semestre | 15/16 | Bachillerato / Preparatoria |
Tercer semestre, and Cuarto semestre | 16/17 | ||
Quinto semestre, and Sexto semestre | 17/18 |
Nepal
In Nepal, the stages of education are primary education, secondary education, and higher secondary. Pre-primary education is also found in some areas. Generally, the pre-primary level covers nursery and kindergarten. Primary education consists of grades one through five, while lower secondary education covers grades six through eight and secondary education covers grades nine through ten. Higher secondary covers grades eleven and twelve. Students get Secondary Education Examination certificate in grade ten. According to the new Education Act, the national grade 12 Examination will result in the School Leaving Certificate (SLC).
Year | Ages | School |
---|---|---|
Nursery | 3–4 | Preschool |
Kindergarten | 4–6 | |
Year 1 | 5–6 | Primary |
Year 2 | 6–7 | |
Year 3 | 7–8 | |
Year 4 | 8–9 | |
Year 5 | 9–10 | |
Year 6 | 10–11 | Lower secondary |
Year 7 | 11–12 | |
Year 8 | 12–13 | |
Year 9 | 13–14 | Junior higher secondary |
Year 10 | 14–16 | |
Year 11 | 15–17 | Senior higher secondary |
Year 12 | 16–18 |
New Zealand
In New Zealand children are required by law to attend 10 years of educational instruction, from the age of 6 to 16. The law also provides in the same legislation that all people are allowed to attend free education to the age of 18, this legislation is the Education Act 1989. Children can be enrolled at primary school when they turn five years old, and must be enrolled by the time they turn six years old. From years 1–6 students attend primary school. In years 7 and 8 students attend intermediate, or a joint school (years 1–8 or years 7–13). The final years of free education are spent in secondary school (years 9–13). New Zealand also has two older educational stage-numbering systems; standards 5 & 6 were largely unused with the introduction of intermediate schools in the 1950s, while "primmer" numbering was in use well into the 1970s, and some academically focused secondary schools still use "form" numbering.
Year level | Ages | Old systems | School | |
---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 5 (If Born After March) | Primary School | ||
1 | 5–6 | Junior 1 | Primmers 1, 2 & 3 | |
2 | 6–7 | Junior 2 | Primmers 3 & 4 | |
3 | 7–8 | Standard 1 | ||
4 | 8–9 | Standard 2 | ||
5 | 9–10 | Standard 3 | ||
6 | 10–11 | Standard 4 | ||
7 | 11–12 | Form 1 | Standard 5 | Intermediate School (Some Primary Schools and Secondary Schools also offer these year levels) |
8 | 12–13 | Form 2 | Standard 6 | |
9 | 13–14 | Form 3 | Secondary School | |
10 | 14–15 | Form 4 | ||
11 | 15–16 | Form 5 | ||
12 | 16–17 | Form 6 | ||
13 | 17–18 | Form 7 |
Norway
In Norway children start school at the age of six; before that kindergarten is voluntary. This school is called barneskole (childrenschool):
- 6–7: First grade
- 7–8: Second grade
- 8–9: Third grade
- 9–10: Fourth grade
- 10–11: Fifth grade
- 11–12: Sixth grade
- 12–13: Seventh grade
The second school is ungdomsskole (youth-school). At this level the students are rated with grades in each subject, in addition to behavior and orderliness:
- 13–14: Eighth grade
- 14–15: Ninth grade
- 15–16: Tenth grade
The last school before higher education is called videregående skole (ongoing school) and is voluntary, though most choose to attend. At this level students decide among separate career-related schools. The most popular such school is designed to prepare one for further education,[citation needed] while others prepare students for such as mechanics, electricians, cooks and so on. Educational stages in these schools begin again at "one" and are named Vg1, Vg2, Vg3 and Vg4. Some of the more practical schools last only two years, and some students may choose to attend an extra year to study higher education. The typical duration is three years, though some schools offer a four-year program to enable students to engage in more athletics or gather real work experience.
- 16–17: Vg1
- 17–18: Vg2
- 18–19: Vg3
- 19–20: Vg4
Philippines
Previously in the Philippines, there are only ten years of compulsory education. School starts on the first or second week of June, while school ends in the last week of March or first week of April. There are three stages of education in the Philippines — elementary, junior high school, and senior high school. The original ten years of compulsory education, was raised to twelve years of education. This policy was implemented in June, 2012. Here is the table:
Grade | Age | School | Stage |
---|---|---|---|
Kindergarten | 4–6 | Preschool | Elementary school |
Grade 1 | 6–7 | Primary school | |
Grade 2 | 7–8 | ||
Grade 3 | 8–9 | ||
Grade 4 | 9–10 | ||
Grade 5 | 10–11 | ||
Grade 6 | 11–12 | ||
Grade 7 | 12–13 | Secondary school | Junior high school |
Grade 8 | 13–14 | ||
Grade 9 | 14–15 | ||
Grade 10 | 15–16 | ||
Grade 11 | 16–17 | Senior high school | |
Grade 12 | 17–18 |
Poland
From 1998 to 2019, the Polish education system was divided into six years of primary education, followed by three years of secondary education and three or four years of optional high school education. Attending general education high school or vocational school allows graduates to attend university while attending a basic vocational school (zasadnicza szkoła zawodowa) requires its graduates to attend supplementary liceums. Since 2019, the three stages were merged into two. Kindergarten education is optional, while compulsory education starts with year 0. The school year lasts from early September to late June, with the exception of the final year of high school, which ends in late April. From 1998 to 2019, the educational stages were:
- Kindergarten from ages 3–5;
- Grade 0 from age 5–6;
- Grades 1 to 6 from ages 6–7 to 11–12;
- Grades 7 to 8 (earlier 1 to 3, changed by a education reform implemented in 2017) of secondary education from ages 12–13 to 14–15;
- Grades 1 to 4 (high school) or 1 to 5 (technical school), ages 15–16 to 18–19
Grade | Age | School |
---|---|---|
Kindergarten | 3–5 | Preschool |
Grade 0 (zerówka) | 5–6 | |
Grade 1 | 6–7 | Primary school |
Grade 2 | 7–8 | |
Grade 3 | 8–9 | |
Grade 4 | 9–10 | |
Grade 5 | 10–11 | |
Grade 6 | 11–12 | |
Grade 7 | 12–13 | |
Grade 8 | 13–14 | |
Grade 9 | 14–15 | High school |
Grade 10 | 15–16 | |
Grade 11 | 16–17 | |
Grade 12 | 17–18 | |
Grade 13 (only in vocational schools) | 18–19 |
Russia
In Russia, compulsory education lasts eight or nine years and begins the year the child turns seven (8 years) or, sometimes, six (9 years). The first stage of elementary school can last either 3 years (so called 1–3 programme for children starting at the age of 7) or 4 years (so called 1–4 programme for children starting at the age of 6). After of the first stage all pupils enter 5th grade, thus pupils that started at the age of 7 do not attend the 4th grade.
Year | Ages | School |
---|---|---|
Yasli | 1–2 | Early |
Kindergarten | 3–6 (7) | |
First Grade | 7–8 (6–7) | Elementary |
Second Grade | 8–9 (7–8) | |
Third Grade | 9–10 (8–9) | |
Fourth grade | 9–10 (only for the pupils studying by 1–4 programme) | |
Fifth Grade | 10–11 | Middle |
Sixth Grade | 11–12 | |
Seventh Grade | 12–13 | |
Eighth Grade | 13–14 | |
Ninth Grade | 14–15 | |
Tenth Grade | 15–16 | High |
Eleventh Grade | 16–17 |
While it is not compulsory to remain in school after graduating from middle school, a student cannot progress to tertiary school without graduating from high school or vocational school.
Serbia
In Serbia, children undergo thirteen years of formal education, usually starting at age 4, 5 or 6, and finishing at age 18 or 19. By the law children need to enter Primary school at the year they will turn 7 years of age, with some wiggle room if the child is born too close to a new year. The first four years of primary school, children have their own classroom and one teacher that teaches them all the subjects, from 4 grade of primary school to the end of high school lessons are held by number of teachers specialised for specific subjects and children change their classrooms every class. Children start their school year on September 1, and end the year at the end of June/beginning of July. The exception is the 8 grade of primary school and the 4 grade of high school when the classes end a couple of months earlier so the children can study for their entry exams for high school/college. Depending on which high school a child chooses, they can get more focused education and a professional degree. High school is not compulsory education but is needed to get some professional degrees in order to be able to find a job (for example: Nurse, Locksmith, Computer network administrator, Textile design technician, etc.)
Year | Ages | School |
---|---|---|
Nursery | 1–3 | Preschool |
Kindergarten | 3–5 | Preschool |
Prep/Kindergarten/Pre-primary | 5–6 | Preschool |
Grade or Year 1 | 6–7 | Primary school |
Grade or Year 2 | 7–8 | |
Grade or Year 3 | 8–9 | |
Grade or Year 4 | 9–10 | |
Grade or Year 5 | 10–11 | |
Grade or Year 6 | 11–12 | |
Grade or Year 7 | 12–13 | |
Grade or Year 8 | 13–14 | |
Grade or Year 1 | 14–15 | Secondary - High school |
Grade or Year 2 | 15–16 | |
Grade or Year 3 | 16–17 | |
Grade or Year 4 | 17–18 |
Singapore
In Singapore, compulsory education lasts ten years and begins the year the child turns seven. However, most children receive a preschool education spanning two to three years before entering primary school after which they will move on to a secondary school, where Sec 5 is only made compulsory for students who have achieved a determined score for their PSLE. For Secondary School, there are two (some) or three streamings: Express (Exp), Normal Academic (NA), and Normal Technical (NT), among which Exp and NT students study for four years while NA students need to study for five years. Depending on which stream one is in, and whether the school's scoring requirement is met, a student may be retained/transferred to NA/NT.
Year | Ages | School |
---|---|---|
Nursery (N1/2) | 3–4 | Nursery Kindergarten |
Kindergarten (K1/2) | 5–6 | |
Primary One | 6–7 | Primary |
Primary Two | 7–8 | |
Primary Three | 8–9 | |
Primary Four | 9–10 | |
Primary Five | 10–11 | |
Primary Six | 11–12 | |
Secondary One [Express/Normal Academic (NA)/Normal Technical(NT)] | 12–13 | Secondary |
Secondary Two [Express/Normal Academic (NA)/Normal Technical(NT)] | 13–14 | |
Secondary Three [Express/Normal Academic (NA)/Normal Technical(NT)] | 14–15 | |
Secondary Four [Express/Normal Academic (NA)/Normal Technical(NT)] | 15–16 | |
Secondary Five [Normal Academic (NA)/Normal Technical(NT)] | 16–17 | |
Secondary Six (Integrated Programme only) | 17–18 | Secondary school or College |
While it is not compulsory to remain in school after graduating from secondary school, most go on to receive their tertiary education at a junior college, a polytechnic, or an institute of technical education (ITE) before moving on to university.
Spain
In Spain, education is divided into several stages stages: Kindergarten, primary education and secondary education. Kindergartens are schools for children 0–3 years old, and are normally private institutions, although some of them receive public funding as well ("Concertados"). Primary education is delivered almost exclusively through primary schools which offer education for pupils aged between 3 and 12. Children are entitled to preschool education from their third birthday, although it is not compulsory (but it is recommended) and must enter compulsory education from the September after their 5th birthday. There is some leeway in the starting date for pupils.
Education lasts 6 years in the compulsory section of primary school, before pupils move to a secondary school for between 4 and 6 years, the last two being optional. There is some variation in the phasing of education because private institutions may provide education from kindergarten or primary school until the end of secondary school, and private institutions with public funding normally teach from kindergarten until the 4th year in the secondary school level.
Year | Optionality | Ages | School |
---|---|---|---|
Nursery/Kindergaten | Optional | 0–3 | |
Primero de infantil (Preschool 1) | Optional | 2–3, or 3–4 | Primary |
Segundo de infantil (Preschool 2) | Optional | 3–4, or 4–5 | |
Tercero de infantil (Preschool 3) | Optional | 4–5, or 5–6 | |
Primary One | Compulsory | 5–6, or 6–7 | |
Primary Two | Compulsory | 6–7, or 7–8 | |
Primary Three | Compulsory | 7–8, or 8–9 | |
Primary Four | Compulsory | 8–9, or 9–10 | |
Primary Five | Compulsory | 9–10, or 10–11 | |
Primary Six | Compulsory | 10–11, or 11–12 | |
First year (or 1 ESO) | Compulsory | 11–12, or 12–13 | Secondary |
Second Year (or 2 ESO) | Compulsory | 12–13, or 13–14 | |
Third Year (or 3 ESO) | Compulsory | 13–14, or 14–15 | |
Fourth Year (or 4 ESO) | Compulsory | 14–15, or 15–16 | |
1 Bachillerato | Optional | 15–16, or 16–17 | |
2 Bachillerato | Optional | 16–17, or 17–18 |
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka enforces compulsory education and it is mandatory for a child to at least complete one year of pre-school by the time the child reaches the completion of age 4. By the time they have reached the age of 5 years, enrollment to Grade 1 is made a legal obligation.
Primary school to higher education are primarily funded and overseen by two governmental ministries and the main Department.[10]
- Ministry of Education
- Department of Examinations
- Ministry of Higher Education
Year | Ages | School |
---|---|---|
Kindergarten | 3–5 | Pre-School |
Grade One | 5–6 | Primary |
Grade Two | 6–7 | |
Grade Three | 7–8 | |
Grade Four | 8–9 | |
Grade Five – Optional Scholarship Examination | 9–10 | |
Grade Six | 10–11 | Secondary |
Grade Seven | 11–12 | |
Grade Eight | 12–13 | |
Grade Nine | 13–14 | |
Grade Ten | 14–15 | |
Grade Eleven – G.C.E Ordinary Level Examination | 15–16 | |
Grade Twelve | 16–17 | Collegiate |
Grade Thirteen – G.C.E Advance Level Examination | 17–18 |
Tertiary education
Undergraduate education in state universities is free but extremely competitive, limited, and standardized. Selection of students is done on the basis of rank order on average Z Scores obtained by candidates at the Advanced Level under a transparent national policy to replicate a district basis representation. Only the top students from each district receive admission.
Sweden
In Sweden children start school at the age of six with preschool class; before that preschool is voluntary.
- 6–7: Preschool class (Förskoleklass)
First set of grades are called "lågstadiet" (low grades).
- 7–8: "ettan" (First Grade)
- 8–9: "tvåan" (Second Grade)
- 9–10: "trean" (Third grade)
Second set of grades are called "mellanstadiet" (middle grades).
- 10–11: "fyran" (Fourth grade)
- 11–12: "femman" (Fifth grade)
- 12–13: "sexan" (Sixth grade)
Third set of grades are called "högstadiet" (high grades).
- 13–14: "sjuan" (Seventh grade)
- 14–15: "åttan" (Eighth grade)
- 15–16: "nian" (Ninth grade)
The last school before higher education is called "gymnasiet" (ongoing school) and is voluntary, though most choose to attend. At this level students decide among separate career-related schools. Some students may choose to attend an extra year to study higher education. The typical duration is three years, though some schools offer a four-year program to enable students to engage in more athletics or gather real work experience.
- 16–17: "första ring" (First Level)
- 17–18: "andra ring" (Second Level)
- 18–19: "tredje ring" (Third Level)
- 19–20: "fjärde ring" (Fourth Level)
Turkey
Year | Ages | Stage |
---|---|---|
Kindergarten | 5–6 | Before School / Kindergarten |
Year 1 | 6–7 | Elementary |
Year 2 | 7–8 | |
Year 3 | 8–9 | |
Year 4 | 9–10 | |
Year 5 | 10–11 | Secondary |
Year 6 | 11–12 | |
Year 7 | 12–13 | |
Year 8 | 13–14 | |
Year 9 | 14–15 | High school |
Year 10 | 15–16 | |
Year 11 | 16–17 | |
Year 12 | 17–18 |
United Kingdom
England, Wales and Northern Ireland
In England, Wales and Northern Ireland education is divided into two stages: primary education and secondary education. Required assessment within the National Curriculum takes place in years 2 and 6 (National Curriculum assessments) and Year 11 (GCSEs). School education is generally followed by two years of further education – often in a 6th form or 6th form college and then three or four years at university by those who decide to stay in education.
In England, children begin school either in the school year or school term in which they reach their fifth birthday. In Wales, children begin school on a part-time basis the September after they reach their third birthday. Primary schools educate children from Reception through to Year 6, and may be subdivided into infant and junior schools. Alternatively, children may attend private prep schools.
Secondary education is compulsory to the age of 16. However, in England you will be required to return to full-time education, take on an apprenticeship or internship or work or volunteer at least 20 hours a week while part-time studying until the age of 18. Schools have various possible names, such as grammar, comprehensive and secondary schools, which may or may not indicate selective admission or tuition fees (see main article). Sixth form education is not compulsory at present, and not all secondary schools have a sixth form. There are also 6th form colleges just for Year 12 and 13 students.
Some secondary schools still use the 'form' system, with Year 7 being 1st Form (or '1st year'), Year 8 being Second Form, et cetera, up until Year 12 and Year 13, which together make up the 6th Form (namely lower and upper sixth form). Some independent schools use other naming systems.
In some areas in England, a three-tier system of education is used, in which students pass through three stages: First school/Lower school (Reception to Year 3/4), Middle school (Year 4/5 to Year 7/8) and finally High or Upper School (Year 8/9–Year 13)
Key stage | Year | Final exam | Age[11] | State funded schools | Selective schools | Fee paying independent schools | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Early years | Nursery (or pre-school) | None, though individual schools may set end of year tests. | 3 to 4 | Primary | Lower | Infant | Various 'gifted and talented' programmes within state and independent schools.[12] | Pre-preparatory | |
Reception (or Foundation) | 4 to 5 | ||||||||
KS1 | Year 1 | 5 to 6 | |||||||
Year 2 | 6 to 7 | ||||||||
KS2 | Year 3 | 7 to 8 | Junior | ||||||
Year 4 | 8 to 9 | Preparatory or Junior | |||||||
Year 5 | 9 to 10 | Middle | |||||||
Year 6 | SATs A grammar school entrance exam, often the 11-plus | 10 to 11 | |||||||
KS3 | Year 7 | None, though individual schools may set end of year tests, or mock GCSE exams. | 11 to 12 | Secondary | Lower school | Senior | Grammar school | ||
Year 8 | 12 to 13 | ||||||||
Year 9 | 13 to 14 | Upper | Senior (public/private school) | ||||||
KS4 | Year 10 | 14 to 15 | Upper school | ||||||
Year 11 | GCSE | 15 to 16 | |||||||
KS5 | Year 12 | Advanced subsidiary level or school-set end of year tests. | 16 to 17 | College | Sixth form | ||||
Year 13 | A-Levels | 17 to 18 |
Scotland
In Scotland, education is divided into two stages: primary education and secondary education. Primary education is delivered almost exclusively through primary schools which offer education for pupils aged between 4 and 12. Children are entitled to pre-school education from their third birthday, and must enter compulsory education from the August after their 5th birthday. There is some leeway in the starting date for pupils.[13]
Education lasts 7 years in the primary school, before pupils move to a secondary school for between 4 and 6 years, the last two being optional. There is some variation in the phasing of education in more remote areas of Scotland, where provision may be made in a through school, or in other combinations of institutes.
Year | Ages | School |
---|---|---|
Nursery | 3–4 or 3–5 | |
Primary One | 4–5 or 5–6 | Primary |
Primary Two | 5–6 or 6–7 | |
Primary Three | 6–7 or 7–8 | |
Primary Four | 7–8 or 8–9 | |
Primary Five | 8–9 or 9–10 | |
Primary Six | 9–10 or 10–11 | |
Primary Seven | 10–11 or 11–12 | |
First year (or S1) | 11–12 or 12–13 | Secondary |
Second Year (or S2) | 12–13 or 13–14 | |
Third Year (or S3) | 13–14 or 14–15 | |
Fourth Year (or S4) | 14–15 or 15–16 | |
Fifth Year (or S5) | 15–16 or 16–17 | |
Sixth Year (or S6) | 16–17 or 17–18 |
United States
Ages | Year |
---|---|
Elementary school | |
5–6 | Kindergarten |
6–7 | First grade |
7–8 | Second grade |
8–9 | Third grade |
9–10 | Fourth grade |
10–11 | Fifth grade |
Middle school | |
11–12 | Sixth grade[14][15] |
12–13 | Seventh grade |
13–14 | Eighth grade |
High school | |
14–15 | Ninth grade (freshman) |
15–16 | Tenth grade (sophomore) |
16–17 | Eleventh grade (junior) |
17–18 | Twelfth grade (senior) |
In the United States (U.S.), grades traditionally begin at 1 and run to 12; they are referred to by ordinal number (e.g., first grade or 1st grade). An additional preceding level called kindergarten ("K") is now standard in most areas, and a further preceding level called preschool education or nursery school is not uncommon. In some parts of the state of Wisconsin, kindergarten is split further into junior and senior kindergarten.
Before the term "middle school" became much more common, 7th and 8th grades were placed in "junior high school." In certain junior high schools, either 6th grade or 9th grade was also included (but not both in the same school).
At the secondary school level ("high school"), the 9th through 12th grades are also known respectively as freshman (or "first-year"), sophomore, junior, and senior. At the postsecondary or "undergraduate" level (college or university), the same four terms are reused to describe a student's college years, but numbered grades are not used at the college level. American graduate and postgraduate education does not use grades.
The adjacent Table US outlines the ages, in years, of each grade level in the US. However, students are sometimes older because of grade retention or younger because of grade skipping.
Elementary school students at a specific grade level are traditionally assigned to a single class that usually stays together in the same classroom with the same teacher throughout each school day for the entire school year (although the teacher may temporarily hand off the class to specialists for certain subject matter units, especially science). Students in middle school and high school are allowed to build schedules from a mix of required and elective courses taught by different teachers in different classrooms, must rush from one course to the next during each school day, and are more likely to encounter students from different grades in their courses (especially electives).
Comparison of American and British English
Age range | British English | American English | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Name | Alternative/old name | Syllabus | Name | Alternative name | |
3–4 | Preschool (optional) | ||||
Nursery | Playgroup | Foundation Stage 1 | Daycare | ||
4–5 | Primary school | ||||
Reception | Infants reception | Foundation Stage 2 | Preschool | Pre-K | |
5–6 | Year 1 | Infants year 1 | Key Stage 1 | Kindergarten | |
Elementary school | |||||
6–7 | Year 2 | Infants year 2 | 1st grade | ||
7–8 | Year 3 | First year Junior | Key Stage 2 | 2nd grade | |
8–9 | Year 4 | Second year Junior | 3rd grade | ||
9–10 | Year 5 | Third year Junior | 4th grade | ||
10–11 | Year 6 | Fourth year Junior | 5th grade | ||
11–12 | Secondary school / High school | Middle school | Junior high school | ||
Year 7 | First form[16] | Key Stage 3 | 6th grade | ||
12–13 | Year 8 | Second form | 7th grade | ||
13–14 | Year 9 | Third form | 8th grade | ||
14–15 | Year 10 | Fourth form | Key Stage 4, GCSE | High school | |
9th grade | Freshman year | ||||
15–16 | Year 11 | Fifth form | 10th grade | Sophomore year | |
16–17 | Sixth form / FE College[17] | 11th grade | Junior year | ||
Year 12 | Lower sixth (AS) | Key Stage 5, A level | |||
17–18 | Year 13 | Upper sixth (A2) | 12th grade | Senior year |
Ver también
- Multi-age classroom
- Education by country
- United Nations Human Development Index
Referencias
- ^ [1][dead link]
- ^ Greenberg, Michael (2007). "A Sudbury Valley Education: The View from Inside". Sudbury Valley School. Framingham, MA, USA. Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2015-07-25.
How do you get access to a computer at school? There are a whole lot of kids that want to use it. What you instantly find is a culture of rules. You have to be certified to use a computer, which means someone who knows has to tell you how you turn it on, how you turn it off, all the things you have to do to not damage the machine, and you have to show them that you know how to do that before you can use the computer on your own.
- ^ "Year 7 to high school". Department of Education. Government of South Australia. Retrieved 17 June 2020.
- ^ "Республиканский Институт Контроля Знаний". rikc.by. Retrieved 2016-08-25.
- ^ "Schools in Manitoba". Manitoba Education. Retrieved 1 November 2014.
- ^ "Education Facts: Schools and School Boards". Ontario Ministry of Education. Retrieved 1 November 2014.
- ^ "Secretaría de Educación Pública | Gobierno | gob.mx". www.gob.mx (in Spanish). Retrieved 2018-09-19.
- ^ Pública, Secretaría de Educación. "Oferta Educativa para Educación Básica". gob.mx (in Spanish). Retrieved 2018-09-19.
- ^ Pública, Secretaría de Educación. "Oferta Educativa Educación Media Superior". gob.mx (in Spanish). Retrieved 2018-09-19.
- ^ Historical Overview of Education in Sri Lanka, Ministry of Education Archived 16 July 2007 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "The national curriculum". GOV.UK. Retrieved 29 September 2020.
- ^ https://www.goodschoolsguide.co.uk/choosing-a-school/educating-the-gifted-child
- ^ "Starting school for the first time". Parentzone. Archived from the original on 2008-06-12.
- ^ Wraga, William G.; Hlebowitsh, Peter S.; Tanner, Founding Editor; Tanner, Daniel (6 August 2012). Research Review for School Leaders. Routledge. ISBN 9781135660956 – via Google Books.
- ^ Gao, Zan; Zhang, Peng; Podlog, Leslie William (1 January 2014). "Examining elementary school children's level of enjoyment of traditional tag games vs. interactive dance games". Psychol Health Med. 19 (5): 605–613. doi:10.1080/13548506.2013.845304. PMID 24111947. S2CID 11201738.
- ^ David Else (2007). British language & culture. Lonely Planet. ISBN 9781864502862.
- ^ "Education and Skills Act 2008". legislation.gov.uk. Retrieved 20 July 2011.
Otras lecturas
- Nelson, Derrick E. (Seton Hall University) (2013). "The Effect of Grade Configuration on the Academic Achievement of Special Needs Students:the Case of New Jersey". (PhD thesis) - Grade configuration means the arrangement of educational stages in a school