Ácido oxaloacético


El ácido oxaloacético (también conocido como ácido oxalacético u OAA ) es un compuesto orgánico cristalino con la fórmula química HO 2 CC(O)CH 2 CO 2 H. El ácido oxaloacético, en la forma de su base conjugada oxaloacetato , es un intermediario metabólico en muchos Procesos que ocurren en los animales. Participa en la gluconeogénesis , el ciclo de la urea , el ciclo del glioxilato , la síntesis de aminoácidos, la síntesis de ácidos grasos y el ciclo del ácido cítrico . [1]

Las formas enólicas del ácido oxaloacético son particularmente estables, tanto que los dos tautómeros tienen diferentes puntos de fusión (152 °C para la isoforma cis y 184 °C para la isoforma trans ). Esta reacción es catalizada por la enzima oxalacetato tautomerasa . El trans -enol-oxalacetato también aparece cuando el tartrato es el sustrato de la fumarasa . [2]

El oxaloacetato se forma de varias maneras en la naturaleza. Una vía principal es la oxidación del L - malato , catalizada por la malato deshidrogenasa , en el ciclo del ácido cítrico. El malato también es oxidado por la succinato deshidrogenasa en una reacción lenta siendo el producto inicial enol-oxalacetato. [3]
También surge de la condensación de piruvato con ácido carbónico, impulsada por la hidrólisis de ATP :

Ocurriendo en el mesófilo de las plantas, este proceso procede a través del fosfoenolpiruvato , catalizado por la fosfoenolpiruvato carboxilasa .
El oxaloacetato también puede surgir de la trans o desaminación del ácido aspártico .

El oxaloacetato es un intermedio del ciclo del ácido cítrico , donde reacciona con acetil-CoA para formar citrato , catalizado por la citrato sintasa . También participa en la gluconeogénesis , el ciclo de la urea , el ciclo del glioxilato , la síntesis de aminoácidos y la síntesis de ácidos grasos . El oxaloacetato también es un potente inhibidor del complejo II .

La gluconeogénesis [1] es una vía metabólica que consta de una serie de once reacciones catalizadas por enzimas, que dan como resultado la generación de glucosa a partir de sustratos que no son carbohidratos. El inicio de este proceso tiene lugar en la matriz mitocondrial, donde se encuentran las moléculas de piruvato . Una molécula de piruvato es carboxilada por una enzima piruvato carboxilasa , activada por una molécula de ATP y agua. Esta reacción da como resultado la formación de oxalacetato. El NADH reduce el oxaloacetato a malato . Esta transformación es necesaria para transportar la molécula fuera de la mitocondria . Una vez en el citosol, el malato se oxida nuevamente a oxalacetato usando NAD+. Luego el oxaloacetato permanece en el citosol, donde se producirán el resto de reacciones. El oxaloacetato es posteriormente descarboxilado y fosforilado por la fosfoenolpiruvato carboxicinasa y se convierte en 2-fosfoenolpiruvato utilizando guanosina trifosfato (GTP) como fuente de fosfato. La glucosa se obtiene después de un procesamiento posterior adicional.


La tautomerasa de oxaloacetato catalizó la creación de enol-oxaloacetato. se muestra la isoforma trans .
Relación de ácido oxaloacético, ácido málico y ácido aspártico
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TCACycle_WP78 editar
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