Fernando Alonso Díaz ( pronunciación española: [feɾˈnando aˈlonso ˈði.aθ] ( escuchar ) ; nacido el 29 de julio de 1981) es un piloto español que actualmente compite con Alpine en la Fórmula Uno . Ganó el campeonato mundial de pilotos en 2005 y 2006 con Renault , habiendo conducido también para McLaren , Ferrari y Minardi . Con Toyota , Alonso ganó dos veces las 24 Horas de Le Mans , en 2018 y 2019 , y laCampeonato del Mundo de Resistencia de la FIA en 2018-19 . En 2019 ganó las 24 Horas de Daytona con Wayne Taylor Racing .
Nació | Fernando Alonso Díaz 29 de julio de 1981 Oviedo , Asturias , España | ||||||
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Carrera en el Campeonato Mundial de Fórmula Uno | |||||||
Nacionalidad | Español | ||||||
Equipo 2021 | Alpine - Renault [1] | ||||||
Número de coche | 14 | ||||||
Entradas | 319 (316 inicios) | ||||||
Campeonatos | 2 ( 2005 , 2006 ) | ||||||
Gana | 32 | ||||||
Podios | 97 | ||||||
Puntos de carrera | 1904 | ||||||
Posiciones polares | 22 | ||||||
Vueltas más rápidas | 23 | ||||||
Primera entrada | Gran Premio de Australia 2001 | ||||||
Primera victoria | Gran Premio de Hungría de 2003 | ||||||
Última victoria | Gran Premio de España 2013 | ||||||
Última entrada | Gran Premio de Mónaco 2021 | ||||||
Posición 2018 | 11 ° (50 ptos) | ||||||
Carrera en el Campeonato Mundial de Resistencia de la FIA | |||||||
Temporada de debut | 2018-19 | ||||||
Equipo actual | Toyota Gazoo Racing | ||||||
Número de coche | 8 | ||||||
Empieza | 8 | ||||||
Campeonatos | 1 ( 2018-19 ) | ||||||
Gana | 5 | ||||||
Polos | 4 | ||||||
Vueltas más rápidas | 0 | ||||||
Carrera en IndyCar Series | |||||||
2 carreras a lo largo de 3 años | |||||||
Equipo (s) | No. 66 ( Flecha McLaren SP ) | ||||||
Posición 2017 | 29 | ||||||
Mejor acabado | 29 ( 2017 ) | ||||||
Primera carrera | 2017 Indianápolis 500 ( Indianápolis ) | ||||||
Última carrera | 2020 Indianápolis 500 ( Indianápolis ) | ||||||
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Carrera de las 24 Horas de Le Mans | |||||||
Años | 2018 - 2019 | ||||||
Equipos | Toyota Gazoo Racing Europe GmbH | ||||||
Mejor acabado | 1o ( 2018 , 2019 ) | ||||||
La clase gana | 2 ( 2018 , 2019 ) | ||||||
Firma | |||||||
Nacido en Oviedo , Asturias en el seno de una familia de clase trabajadora, se inició en el karting a los tres años y logró el éxito en campeonatos locales, nacionales y mundiales. Alonso progresó a las carreras de autos a los 17 años, ganó el Euro Open de Nissan en 1999 y fue cuarto en el Campeonato Internacional de Fórmula 3000 de 2000 . Debutó en la Fórmula Uno con Minardi en 2001 antes de unirse a Renault como piloto de pruebas en 2002 . Ascendido a un asiento de carrera en 2003 , Alonso ganó dos campeonatos de pilotos en 2005 y 2006, convirtiéndose (en ese momento) en el pole-sitter más joven, el ganador de carreras más joven, el campeón mundial más joven y el bicampeón más joven en la historia de este deporte. Después de terminar tercero con McLaren en 2007 , regresó a Renault para 2008 y 2009 y ganó dos carreras en el año anterior para el quinto en la general. Alonso condujo para Ferrari de 2010 a 2014 , terminando segundo detrás de Sebastian Vettel en tres duelos por el título muy reñidos en 2010, 2012 y 2013 . Una segunda temporada con McLaren de 2015 a 2018 no resultó en más éxitos.
En el momento de su primer retiro, Alonso había ganado 32 carreras de Fórmula Uno, 22 pole position y 1.899 puntos en 311 largadas. Actualmente es el único piloto español de Fórmula 1 que ha ganado un Gran Premio o el Campeonato del Mundo. Ganó la Race of Champions Nations Cup 2001 con el piloto de rallies Jesús Puras y el motociclista Rubén Xaus para el Equipo de España y participó tres veces en las 500 Millas de Indianápolis en 2017 , 2019 y 2020 . Alonso ha sido galardonado con el Premio Príncipe de Asturias de los Deportes , los Premios Nacionales del Deporte al Deportista del Año y la Medalla de Oro de la Real Orden al Mérito Deportivo y ha sido dos veces incluido en el Salón de la Fama de la FIA . Dirige un equipo de eSports y carreras juveniles y es Embajador de Buena Voluntad de UNICEF .
Vida temprana y personal
Alonso nació el 29 de julio de 1981 en una familia de clase trabajadora en Oviedo , Asturias , norte de España. [2] [3] Es hijo del mecánico de la fábrica de explosivos del pozo de la mina y conductor de karts aficionado José Luis Alonso, [3] [4] y su esposa, [4] la empleada de la tienda departamental Ana Díaz. [2] [5] Alonso tiene una hermana mayor, Lorena, que es médica. [5]
Fue educado en la Escuela Primaria del Santo Ángel de la Guarda ( español : Santo Ángel de la Guarda) en Oviedo de 1985 a 1995 bajo el Sistema de Educación Básica ( español : Educación General Básica). [6] Alonso asistió al Instituto Leopoldo Alas Clarín de San Lázaro ( español : Instituto Leopoldo Alas Clarín de San Lázaro) hasta que su carrera en el automovilismo hizo que se fuera durante su Curso de Orientación Universitaria ( Inglés : Curso de Orientación Universitaria ) en 2000. [6] Se le concedió un permiso para estudiar fuera de la escuela, [7] después de que desobedeciera las órdenes de su madre y rara vez asistiera a clases. [8] Logró un buen rendimiento académico pidiendo notas a sus compañeros y no tuvo problemas. [6] [9]
De noviembre de 2006 a diciembre de 2011, Alonso estuvo casado con Raquel del Rosario , la cantante principal de la banda de pop española, El Sueño de Morfeo . [10] Desde entonces ha estado en relaciones con cuatro mujeres diferentes. [11] Alonso apoya a los equipos de fútbol Real Madrid y Real Oviedo , [7] y habla inglés, francés, italiano y español. [12] Tiene un tatuaje de samurái en la espalda para mostrar fuerza muscular, inteligencia y fuerza de voluntad inspirado por el guía espiritual del siglo XVIII Hagakure . [13]
Carrera de karting
El padre de Alonso quería un pasatiempo para compartir con sus hijos y construyó un kart para Lorena. No le interesaba el karting y Alonso, de tres años, recibió el kart. [2] [4] [14] Los pedales de los karts se modificaron para mejorar la capacidad de conducción, [3] [7] y la federación de carreras local le otorgó una licencia obligatoria de carreras de karts a los cinco años; [5] su padre rechazó una oferta para que su hijo fuera portero del club de fútbol RC Celta de Vigo . [7] [15] La familia carecía de las finanzas necesarias para desarrollarlo en karts; [2] no pudieron comprar neumáticos para lluvia y obligaron a Alonso a adaptarse a una pista mojada con neumáticos lisos . [16] Alonso ideó tres sectores de cronometraje para ir a la escuela para mejorarse a diario. [17] Su madre cosía sus monos de carreras y se los ajustaba a medida que crecía; [18] se aseguró de que Alonso tuviera una buena posición académica. [2] Su padre dirigió el kart desde el principio y fue su contador, consejero, gerente y mecánico. [18] [19]
Con siete años, Alonso ganó su primera carrera de karts en Pola de Laviana . [5] [20] Ganó los campeonatos juveniles infantiles de Asturias y Galicia de 1988 y 1989, y pasó a la categoría cadete en 1990. [21] [22] Debido al aumento de los gastos de su padre, [21] el go -El importador de karts Genís Marcó quedó impresionado con Alonso y lo guió; el propietario de la pista de karts José Luis Echevarria le habló de Alonso. Marcó encontró dinero personal y de patrocinio para la familia de Alonso para sufragar las preocupaciones financieras y permitirle participar en las series europeas. [5] [8] [23] Habló con el seis veces campeón mundial de karting Mike Wilson, quien le dio a Alonso una sesión de prueba en una pista de Parma . [21] Marcó le enseñó a Alonso a ser conservador y mantener la condición de un kart. [24]
Alonso ganó el Campeonato Cadete de Asturias y País Vasco de 1990 y terminó segundo en el Campeonato Nacional de Cadetes de España de 1991. [5] La federación local de karting le permitió entrar en la categoría de 100 cc porque se le consideraba menor de edad para conducir maquinaria más potente. En un encuentro del Campeonato de Cataluña de Karting en Móra d'Ebre , Marcó preguntó a Alonso si quería entrar en el Campeonato de España de Karting. [23] Wilson fue mentor de Alonso; se incorporó al equipo de trabajo Italian American Motor Engineering en 1993. [21] Alonso ganó tres Campeonatos Nacionales de España Juveniles consecutivos de 1993 a 1995. [22]
Los resultados le permitieron avanzar a los campeonatos del mundo. [5] Alonso fue tercero en el Trofeo Arco Iris de Cadetes de la Comisión Internacional de Karting (CIK-FIA) de 1995 . [21] Alonso era mecánico para los conductores de karts más jóvenes para ganar dinero. [7] Ganó su cuarto Campeonato de España de Karting Júnior, el Trofeo Estival, el Marlboro Masters, [22] y la Copa CIK-FIA 5 Continents Juniors en el Karting Genk en 1996. [21] En 1997, ganó el campeonato italiano y Campeonato de España Internacional A y segundo en el Campeonato de Europa con nueve victorias, el Masters Karting Paris Bercy y el Campeonato de España de Karting. [5] [22]
Carrera automovilística
Carrera de carreras junior
A los 17 años, Alonso hizo su debut en el automovilismo en el Euro Open de Nissan de 1999 con Campos Motorsport , ganando el título de manos de Manuel Gião en la última carrera de la temporada con seis victorias y nueve poles . [a] Para 2000 , avanzó al Campeonato Internacional de Fórmula 3000 de nivel superior con el equipo Astromega respaldado por Minardi , [14] [2] después de que fracasara un acuerdo de patrocinio con el piloto Robert Lechner. [26] Alonso terminó segundo en Hungaroring y ganó la ronda de fin de temporada en el Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps por el cuarto lugar en la general con 17 puntos. [14]
Minardi y Renault (2001-2006)
Cesare Fiorio , el director deportivo, le dio a Alonso una prueba en un auto de Fórmula Uno en el Circuito de Jerez en diciembre de 1999 como parte del acuerdo RPM del Euro Open por la empresa organizadora de Nissan para darle a su campeón de la serie la oportunidad de probar a un nivel superior. [27] Fue piloto de pruebas y reserva de Minardi en 2000 antes de unirse a su equipo de carreras en 2001 . [2] En un coche no competitivo, [28] El mejor resultado de la temporada de Alonso fue un décimo puesto en el Gran Premio de Alemania y no anotó puntos en el puesto 23 de la general. [14]
Que firmó como Renault piloto de pruebas 's de 2002 por las órdenes del director de Flavio Briatore para familiarizarse con el equipo y mejorarse a sí mismo en el futuro. [29] [30] Alonso trabajó con el departamento de ingeniería para mejorar el rendimiento de Giancarlo Fisichella y Jenson Button , [31] y lo probó en España y el Reino Unido. [32] Condujo un Jaguar en una sesión de evaluación contra los pilotos de prueba André Lotterer y James Courtney en el circuito de Silverstone en mayo de 2002. [33] Alonso fue ascendido al equipo de carreras Renault en 2003 . [14] Luego rompió los récords del piloto más joven en ganar una pole position en la segunda carrera de la temporada, el Gran Premio de Malasia , y rompió el récord de Bruce McLaren como el ganador más joven de la carrera de Fórmula Uno en el Gran Premio de Hungría más tarde en el año. [b] [34] Logró cuatro podios en 2003 y fue sexto en el Campeonato Mundial de Pilotos con 55 puntos. [14]
Permaneció con Renault durante 2004 . [35] Alonso tuvo una temporada mejorada: terminó el Gran Premio de Australia que abrió la temporada en la tercera posición y logró tres podios más ese año. Obtuvo la pole position para el Gran Premio de Francia y no logró ninguna victoria en la carrera en el camino al cuarto lugar en el Campeonato del Mundo de Pilotos con 59 puntos. [14] Alonso se quedó en Renault durante 2005 . [2] Se batió en duelo con el piloto de McLaren , Kimi Räikkönen, por el Campeonato del Mundo en 2005 debido a cambios en las regulaciones que obligaban a los equipos a no cambiar neumáticos durante una carrera y los motores debían durar dos carreras antes de poder cambiarlos. El coche de Alonso era más fiable que el de Räikkönen, aunque carecía de velocidad. [36] Alonso eclipsó a Emerson Fittipaldi como el Campeón del Mundo de Pilotos más joven con siete victorias, seis poles y catorce podios para 133 puntos. [2] [14] [36]
Firmó una extensión de contrato con Renault para 2006 en abril de 2005. [37] Las casas de apuestas instalaron a Alonso como el favorito para retener el Campeonato de Pilotos. [38] Su principal competencia fue el piloto de Ferrari Michael Schumacher . [2] [39] Alonso ganó seis de las primeras nueve carreras y terminó no menos que segundo para liderar el campeonato con 84 de los 90 puntos posibles. [14] [32] Una Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA; el organismo rector de la Fórmula Uno) - impuso la prohibición del dispositivo amortiguador de masa sintonizado de Renault para frenar a Alonso y un aumento del desarrollo en el Ferrari de Schumacher para la competitividad vio a los dos empatados en puntos entrando penúltima ronda de la temporada, el Gran Premio de Japón . [2] [39] Alonso ganó la carrera cuando Schumacher se retiró debido a una falla en el motor mientras lideraba. [39] Necesitaba anotar un punto en el Gran Premio de Brasil de final de temporada para un segundo título. [40] Alonso ganó el campeonato al terminar segundo y fue el bicampeón mundial más joven de la Fórmula Uno. [b] [34]
McLaren y segunda etapa con Renault (2007-2009)
Él y el propietario del equipo McLaren, Ron Dennis, se reunieron en secreto en Japón después de que Dennis hablara con Alonso sobre conducir para el equipo en el futuro y Alonso expresó interés en la idea. Ambos hombres acordaron un contrato de tres años para que Alonso conduzca para McLaren a partir de 2007 . [41] [42] El contrato de Alonso con Renault expiró el 31 de diciembre de 2006 y no se le concedió una liberación anticipada por motivos de patrocinio. [43] Renault permitió que Alonso hiciera su primera aparición con McLaren en una sesión de prueba en el Circuito de Jerez en noviembre de 2006. [43] [44] Sus principales competidores en 2007 fueron su compañero de equipo Lewis Hamilton y Räikkönen en Ferrari. Alonso logró cuatro victorias en Grandes Premios en Malasia , Mónaco , Europa e Italia y lideró el campeonato hasta que Hamilton lo superó. [45] Antes de la ronda final de la temporada, el Gran Premio de Brasil , tenía 103 puntos de campeonato frente a los 100 de Räikkönen y los 107 de Hamilton, y necesitaba ganar la carrera y que su compañero de equipo terminara tercero o menos para su tercer título. [46] Alonso terminó el evento tercero para el tercer lugar en la general con 109 puntos. Tenía la misma cantidad de puntos que Hamilton; el empate se rompió en la cuenta atrás, ya que Hamilton terminó segundo con más frecuencia que Alonso. [14] [47]
A lo largo de la temporada, Alonso y Hamilton estuvieron involucrados en una serie de incidentes, como el escándalo de espionaje y el estallido durante la clasificación para el Gran Premio de Hungría cuando Hamilton desobedeció una instrucción del equipo, lo que perjudicó a Alonso, y Alonso respondió retrasando a Hamilton en el pit lane. [42] [48] Las tensiones culminaron cuando Alonso y McLaren rescindieron su contrato por mutuo consentimiento en noviembre. [48] [49] A Alonso se le prohibió unirse a un equipo que McLaren consideraba sus principales rivales para 2008 . [50] Después de rechazar ofertas de varios equipos, [51] firmó un contrato de dos años para unirse a Renault a partir de 2008 debido al compromiso a largo plazo del fabricante con la Fórmula Uno y el historial en pista. [52] [53] Al auto de Alonso le faltó potencia al principio debido a una moratoria impuesta en el desarrollo y anotó nueve puntos en las primeras siete carreras. [32] [54] Posteriormente pudo mejorar su rendimiento debido a los desarrollos aerodinámicos del automóvil y ganó en Singapur y Japón ; [32] En la carrera anterior, Renault ordenó a su compañero de equipo Nelson Piquet Jr. que se estrellara deliberadamente y desencadenara el despliegue del coche de seguridad en lo que se conoció como " crashgate ". [14] Alonso anotó más puntos que cualquier otro piloto en las últimas cinco carreras con 43. [54] [55] Anotó 61 puntos para el quinto en el Campeonato de Pilotos. [14]
Alonso debía convertirse en agente libre para 2009 si Renault quedaba por debajo del tercer lugar en el Campeonato de Constructores . [56] Después de las ofertas de Red Bull Racing y Honda , [56] [57] renunció a Renault con un contrato de dos años. [58] Su coche demostró no ser competitivo porque carecía de un sistema de doble difusor y de velocidad absoluta. [32] [59] Alonso evitó un alerón delantero aerodinámico exigido en un intento de hacer más posible el adelantamiento, ya que no creía que lo ayudaría. [14] Anotó puntos en ocho carreras y logró un podio: un tercer lugar en el Gran Premio de Singapur . [60] Alonso ganó la pole position para el Gran Premio de Hungría y lideró las primeras 12 vueltas antes de retirarse debido a una rueda delantera derecha mal ajustada. [61] Alonso fue noveno en el Campeonato de Pilotos con 26 puntos, [14] su posición más baja desde que llegó sexto en 2003; [60] mantuvo su reputación como uno de los mejores pilotos de Fórmula Uno. [14]
Ferrari (2010-2014)
Estuvo de acuerdo con el presidente de Ferrari, Luca Cordero di Montezemolo, para conducir para Ferrari en 2009, pero el director del equipo, Jean Todt, extendió los contratos de Felipe Massa y Räikkönen hasta 2010 . [62] Alonso obtuvo un acuerdo a mediados de 2009 para conducir para Ferrari a partir de 2011, pero se trasladó a 2010 después de que Renault fuera investigado por arreglos de carrera en Singapur y Räikkönen fuera liberado del equipo. [60] [63] Hamilton y Button de McLaren y Sebastian Vettel y Mark Webber de Red Bull fueron la principal competencia del campeonato de Alonso. [64] Ganó cinco carreras esa temporada y entró en el Gran Premio de Abu Dhabi que finaliza la temporada con una ventaja de ocho puntos después de estar 47 por detrás a mitad de temporada tras errores. Alonso terminó segundo detrás de Vettel después de que no pudo pasar a Vitaly Petrov de Renault debido a un error de estrategia de Ferrari. [14] [65]
His 2011 season was mixed: his car was built conservatively and lacked aerodynamic grip and tyre handling in qualifying.[66] He extracted additional pace from his car to claim ten podium finishes and win the British Grand Prix after a strategy error from Red Bull. His best qualification of the year was a second at the Canadian Grand Prix and he out-qualified his teammate Massa fifteen times over the course of the season. Alonso was fourth overall with 257 points; he was in contention to finish second to eventual champion Vettel following a series of strong finishes until Webber won the season-ending Brazilian Grand Prix.[14][67]
Ahead of 2012, Alonso extended his contract with Ferrari until 2016.[68] His main competition for the title in 2012 was Vettel.[69] Wins in Malaysia, Valencia and Germany and consistent points-scoring finishes allowed him to build a 40-point lead in the Drivers' Championship. Thereafter start-line collisions, a mechanical failure and an improved performance for Vettel eliminated Alonso's points lead.[14][70][71] Alonso entered the season-ending Brazilian Grand Prix 13 points behind Vettel and needed to finish third and for Vettel not to score points for a third championship.[69] He was second and Vettel finished fourth to be runner-up for the second time in his career on 278 points.[14][71]
To begin 2013, Alonso drove an aggressively designed car allowing him to win in China and Spain and consistently scored points.[14][72] He was slower than Vettel after a change of tyre compound at the German Grand Prix and front and rear bodywork components intended to improve his car's performance were ineffective.[72][73] With 242 points, Alonso was second for the third time in his career.[14] His relationship with Ferrari cooled due to his perception the team could not construct a title-winning car.[74] Alonso's 2014 season saw him achieve no race wins because his car was less powerful than the championship-winning Mercedes but took third in the Chinese Grand Prix and second in the Hungarian Grand Prix. Alonso fell to sixth in the Drivers' Championship with 161 points.[14][32] He qualified faster than his teammate Räikkönen 16 times by an average of more than ½ second per lap in 2014.[74]
Return to McLaren (2015–2019)
Alonso had severe disagreements with team principal Marco Mattiacci in 2014 and left Ferrari after contract negotiations to remain at the team fell through.[74] He rejoined McLaren on a three-year contract from 2015 to 2017 with no opt-out clauses.[75] An accident during a pre-season test session at Spain's Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya in February 2015 saw Alonso sustain a concussion and he was replaced by reserve driver Kevin Magnussen for the season-opening Australian Grand Prix.[76] He endured a difficult season: his car's Honda engine was under-powered and overall speed leaving him vulnerable to being passed.[77] Alonso scored points twice in 2015: a tenth in the British Grand Prix and a fifth in the Hungarian Grand Prix for 17th in the Drivers' Championship with 11 points.[14] He was dissatisfied with a slow pace, which became evident after multiple radio complaints that year.[78][79]
Despite the unreliable and noncompetitive car,[80] Alonso remained for McLaren for 2016.[81] Injuries from a heavy crash with Esteban Gutiérrez at the season-opening Australian Grand Prix caused him to miss the Bahrain Grand Prix on medical grounds and was replaced by reserve driver Stoffel Vandoorne.[82] Alonso qualified better than teammate Button fifteen times and scored points nine times, which included two fifth-place finishes in the Monaco Grand Prix and the United States Grand Prix. He was tenth in the Drivers' Championship with 54 points.[14] Alonso told his colleagues he would stay at McLaren in 2017.[83] Poor reliability affected his season, particularly during the early rounds, and his best finish was a seventh in the Hungarian Grand Prix. After three consecutive top-ten finishes, Alonso finished 15th in the Drivers' Championship with 17 points.[14]
Following contract negotiations with the McLaren CEO Zak Brown,[84] Alonso signed a multi-year extension with McLaren on 19 October 2017.[85] He finished fifth at the season-opening 2018 Australian Grand Prix and took nine top-ten finishes.[14] Alonso out-qualified his teammate Stoffel Vandoorne at every race and drove quickly and aggressively. He became increasingly annoyed with certain drivers and his commitment to Formula One waned after McLaren stopped developing his car to focus on 2019.[86][87] Alonso was 11th in the Drivers' Championship with 50 points,[14] and left the sport as a driver at the end of the 2018 season, citing a perceived lack of on-track racing, the predictability of results and felt discussions away from racing about the broadcast of radio transmissions and polemics harmed the series.[88]
He remained at McLaren as a brand ambassador to aid and advise drivers and drove in select test sessions to develop their cars. Alonso drove the MCL34 during a two-day in-season post-race Bahrain test in April 2019 to develop tyres for Pirelli.[89] No further runs were planned for him and McLaren focused on their current drivers.[90] Alonso's ambassador contract with McLaren expired at the end of 2019, and was not renewed for 2020.[91]
Alpine (2021–)
Alonso was signed to drive for Alpine F1 Team for the 2021 and 2022 seasons,[92] alongside Esteban Ocon, after Renault rebranded the teamname to Alpine from 2021 onwards. In preparation for his Formula One return, Alonso performed four testing days driving the Renault R.S.18 and topped the timing charts in the post 2020 season young driver's test driving the Renault R.S.20 for Renault.[93][94][95] In his first race with Alpine he had to retire after plastic debris entered his brake duct.[96] At the 2021 Emilia Romagna Grand Prix [97] he finished in P11, with teammate Ocon just ahead in P10, but both would be upgraded one position after Kimi Räikkönen was penalised, therefore giving Alonso his first points of the season in his second race back in Formula One.[98]
Other racing
Alonso made his endurance racing debut at the 1999 24 Hours of Barcelona, finishing 10th overall in an Hyundai Accent he shared with Antonio García, Salvi Delmuns and the journalist Pedro Fermín Flores.[99] He won the 2001 Race of Champions Nations Cup with the rally driver Jesús Puras and the motorcyclist Rubén Xaus for Team Spain,[100] and was eliminated by Jeff Gordon of the United States in his group race a year later.[101]
In 2018, Alonso raced in the 24 Hours of Daytona for the first time. He shared the No. 22 United Autosports Ligier JS P2 with Lando Norris and Philip Hanson, which finished 38th overall after mechanical issues affected his race.[102] He later raced the full 2018–19 FIA World Endurance Championship alongside Sébastien Buemi and Kazuki Nakajima at Toyota Gazoo Racing. Sharing the No. 8 Toyota TS050 Hybrid, the trio won the World Drivers' Championship after a season-long duel with their teammates Mike Conway, Kamui Kobayashi and José María López with five race victories, including the 24 Hours of Le Mans in both 2018 and 2019.[103] Alonso returned to compete in the 24 Hours of Daytona in 2019. He won the rain-shortened race in a Wayne Taylor Racing-entered Cadillac DPi-V.R with Kobayashi, Renger van der Zande and Jordan Taylor.[104]
He first drove the Indianapolis 500 in 2017. Alonso drove for McLaren Honda Andretti, qualifying in fifth position for the race and leading four times for a total of 24 laps before retiring with engine failure with 21 laps remaining while running in seventh place. He was classified 24th.[105][106] He returned to the Indianapolis 500 for a second time with McLaren in 2019. An error converting inches to the metric system causing his car to scrape the tarmac surface on his first lap on track and incorrect gear ratios meant Alonso failed to qualify for the race.[c][108] He entered the Indianapolis 500 in 2020 for his third attempt at winning the race, this time with Arrow McLaren SP after an agreement with Andretti Autosport fell through.[109] Alonso finished the race in 21st after clutch issues slowed pit stops.
Alonso entered the Dakar Rally with Toyota in 2020 following a five-month training programme testing in Africa, Europe and the Middle East and driving a series of races to better himself.[110][111] With co-driver Marc Coma, he finished the event in 13th position with a best stage finish of second place. A stop for repairs on the second stage and a roll on the 10th lost him several hours in the general classification.[112]
Capacidad de conducción
Alonso is often regarded as one of the greatest Formula One drivers in the history of the sport.[113] Journalists and fellow drivers regarded Alonso as a fast and consistent driver who can extract additional pace from a car in all weathers and all tracks.[114][115] Fisichella said Alonso understands when to go faster and when to preserve his tyres in a race.[115] Former racing driver and the Sky Sports pundit Martin Brundle described Alonso as "Senna-like in his intimate feel for where the grip is" and cited the driver's knowledge on how much grip to use for the entry to a turn.[115] He drives aggressively and uses a braking area to put a car into a corner without losing speed exiting it. This allows Alonso to keep it "on the edge of adhesion" and it has been observed during a qualifying session and the first laps of a race.[17] He uses more of his ability longer than other drivers and is better able to understand his personal limits.[114]
His experience increased his awareness of events around him and competitors in a race and adjusted his situation to focus on the drivers' championship.[116] Alonso is an all-round driver who can mount an apex and correct a sliding car to go faster.[117] He is careful in finding the ideal feeling with his brakes and can apply the maximum amount of force with a fast response time. Alonso's physical strength contrasts his braking skill and regularly exceeded that limit without overdoing it on multiple conditions.[118] According to Jonathan Noble of Motorsport.com, this allows Alonso to "create a kind of natural ABS – fully exploiting tyre grip to achieve greater speeds while turning without locking the wheels."[118]
Casco y número de carrera
Helmet design
Alonso's helmet manufactured by Bieffe (2001), Arai (2003–2009, 2016), Schuberth (2010–2015)[119][120]Bell (2017–)[121] sports the yellow and red colours of the flag of Spain with shades of blue from the Asturias flag coupled with two silver thunderbolt arrows derived from a remote control car he received as a present in his childhood on top.[122] He changed its mainbase colour design when switching teams during his Formula One career; in 2008 Alonso attached two pictures of a spade, ace and heart symbol to show he was a two-time world champion.[123]
For three successive Monaco Grand Prix from 2011 to 2013 and at the 2011 Singapore Grand Prix, he wore a gold and white coloured helmet to replace the blue and yellow.[124][125] At the following 2013 Indian Grand Prix, Alonso sported a white helmet to celebrate his total number of career points scored up to the preceding Japanese Grand Prix of 1571 and with the words "F1 points World Record" accompanied with a thank you message in English, French and Italian.[126]
His final event for Ferrari at the 2014 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix saw him wear a helmet with a picture depicting a pit stop in that year in the colour red, signature of various team members and the flag of Italy in the centre.[127] At the 2017 Indianapolis 500 and the 2017 United States Grand Prix, Alonso sported a black helmet with red, yellow and blue stripes around it and his race number.[128][129] He revised the livery for the 2018 24 Hours of Daytona to white instead of black and had no stripes around the front. The back had the layout of the Daytona International Speedway and continued to have his usual blue, red and yellow colours.[128]
In 2018 Alonso changed its front livery to be predominantly blue with the back top lighter blue and the rear red and yellow.[130] His helmet for the 2018 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix was divided equally between the flag of Spain on the right with a blue-checkered pattern around its side. The yellow on that area was replaced by gold between two horizontal stripes in red and a thick vertical strip was added with a list of Alonso's 32 Formula One race victories.[131]
Career number
For the 2014 season, the FIA created a new regulation that allows a driver to select a car number for use throughout their Formula One career. Alonso requested the number 14 for it has been his lucky number since he had won the world karting championship at the age of 14 on 14 July 1996.[132]
Imagen e impacto
Nate Saunders of ESPN writes that Alonso "is one of the most eloquent speakers in Formula One and one of the best at interacting with the media".[133] He occasionally uses press conference with the press to cultivate particular narratives of a story, convey himself as controlling the Formula One driver market or as the one with knowledge of facts of a situation.[133] Alonso dislikes fame, prefers a private life,[134] and Chris Jenkins for USA Today described him as a shy individual.[3] He eschews expensive habits and items,[135] and in his early career brought an entourage of childhood friends to Formula One races.[134] Alonso is an atheist and a non-believer in destiny.[136]
His public persona is very different from his private personality.[137] Fellow Spaniard driver Carlos Sainz Jr. noted "there are two Fernandos", alluding to Alonso's defensive nature when criticised because of his shyness, compared to his sense of humour, generosity and kind-nature when not racing.[137] According to the Autosport journalist Ben Anderson, Alonso's success in Formula One required him to behave egotistically and selfishly and has a self-confidence to easily deal with the consequences of taking an approach of able to "burst egotistical bubbles" to improve himself.[137] Alonso acknowledged the façade and told Anderson "I know who I am outside of F1, but that remains a question mark for everybody because I like to separate my personal life from my professional life" and his different personality traits in public and private.[137]
Journalist Nigel Roebuck calls Alonso "the first world-class racing driver to come out of Spain",[134] and is credited for popularising Formula One in the country, where it was once considered a fringe sport and a lesser known form of motorsport than motorcycling and rallying.[138] He was Personality Media's favourite male athlete with a 99 per cent recognition rating amongst the Spanish public in 2015;[139] in the latter part of his Formula One career, Alonso was within the top two most popular drivers in the Grand Prix Drivers' Association fan surveys of 2010, 2015 and 2017.[140]
The Fernando Alonso Sports Complex in Oviedo was opened in June 2015 and features a CIK-FIA compliant karting track featuring 29 layouts. A museum dedicated to his racing career called 'Museo y Circuito Fernando Alonso' opened in the same year and features Alonso's race cars, helmets, overalls and memorabilia.[141]
Avales y filantropía
Alonso has done business with Banco Santander, Cajastur, TAG Heuer, Europcar, Silestone,[142] Liberbank,[143] ING,[144] Chandon,[145] and Adidas.[146] He is the founder and brand ambassador of the fashion retailer Kimoa,[147] and intended to establish the Fernando Alonso Cycling Team to compete in UCI events in 2015 before the project failed to materialise.[d][148] As a result of Alonso's endorsement money and Formula One salary, he has been listed as one of the world's highest-paid athletes by Forbes every year from 2012 to 2018.[149] The magazine named him motorsport's top-earning driver from June 2012 to June 2013,[150] one of 2016's top earning international stars,[151] and one of 2017's highest-paid international and European celebrities.[152][153] Alonso also featured on the Forbes Celebrity 100 list in 2008 and 2017.[154] In 2020 Alonso has also confirmed sponsorships with a variety of brands for his Indy 500 attempt including:Progressive, Richard Mille, Bell Sports, Duelit, 226ers, Mission Foods, Ruoff Mortgage and Lucas Oil Products.[155]
In 2020 Alonso and Bang & Olufsen also announced a partnership.[156]
In November 2017 Alonso established an eSports racing team called FA Racing G2 Logitech G of which he is the team principal and competes in virtual online racing championships on multiple platforms.[157] The team dissolved in 2018 and launched another in partnership with FA Racing and Veloce Esports in March 2019.[158] Alonso's team has also competed in the F4 Spanish Championship, the Formula Renault Eurocup and karting.[159] He is an investor and board member of the eSports multi-racing platform Motorsport Games.[160]
The UNICEF Spanish Committee named Alonso a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador in February 2005 to promote and defend children's rights and awareness of UNICEF.[161] Alonso promoted India's efforts to eradicate polio in 2011 and handwashing with soap to school children in 2012.[162][163] He supported UNICEF's anti-cyberbullying campaign in November 2017.[164] Alonso founded the Fundación Fernando Alonso (English: Fernando Alonso Foundation) in 2007 to promote motor racing and road safety education.[124]
Premios
Alonso received the 2003 Autosport Gregor Grant Award for winning the 2003 Hungarian Grand Prix.[165] He also won the Princess Cristina National Sports Award for sporting newcomer in that year.[166] Alonso was named the recipient of the Lorenzo Bandini Trophy in April 2005.[167] From October 2005 to May 2006 he received the Prince of Asturias Award for Sports, the Premios Nacionales del Deporte Sportsman of the Year Award and the Gold Medal of the Royal Order of Sports Merit for winning the 2005 Formula One World Championship.[168]
He was named the 2006 Autosport International Racing Driver of the Year.[169] Alonso was voted the Indianapolis 500 Rookie of the Year for his performance in the 2017 Indianapolis 500.[106] He was inducted into the FIA Hall of Fame in 2017 for being a Formula One World Champion and again as a FIA World Endurance Champion in 2019.[170][171] This made Alonso the first driver to have been inducted into the FIA Hall of Fame twice.[171]
Récord de carreras
Karting career summary
Season | Series | Position |
---|---|---|
1991 | Spanish Championship — Cadet | 2nd |
1993 | Spanish Championship — Junior | 1st |
1994 | Torneo delle Industrie — 100 Junior | 28th |
Spanish Championship — Junior | 1st | |
1995 | Trofeo Andrea Margutti — 100 Junior | 19th |
Rainbow Trophy — Cadets | 3rd | |
Spanish Championship — Junior | 1st | |
1996 | Torneo delle Industrie — 100 Nazionale | 28th |
Five Continents Cup — Junior A | 1st | |
Trofeo Andrea Margutti — 100 Junior | 15th | |
1997 | Trofeo Andrea Margutti — ICA | 4th |
1998 | Trofeo Andrea Margutti — Formula A | 7th |
European Championship — Formula A | 2nd | |
World Championship — Formula A | 26th | |
1999 | Trofeo Andrea Margutti — Formula A | 5th |
World Championship — Formula Super A | 19th | |
European Championship — Formula Super A | 18th |
Racing career summary
Season | Series | Team | Races | Wins | Poles | FLaps | Podiums | Points | Position |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1999 | Euro Open by Nissan | Campos Motorsport | 15 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 8 | 164 | 1st |
2000 | International Formula 3000 | Team Astromega | 9 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 17 | 4th |
2001 | Formula One | European Minardi F1 Team | 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 23rd |
2002 | Formula One | Mild Seven Renault F1 Team | Test driver | ||||||
2003 | Formula One | Mild Seven Renault F1 Team | 16 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 55 | 6th |
2004 | Formula One | Mild Seven Renault F1 Team | 18 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 59 | 4th |
2005 | Formula One | Mild Seven Renault F1 Team | 19 | 7 | 6 | 2 | 15 | 133 | 1st |
2006 | Formula One | Mild Seven Renault F1 Team | 18 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 14 | 134 | 1st |
2007 | Formula One | Vodafone McLaren Mercedes | 17 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 12 | 109 | 3rd |
2008 | Formula One | ING Renault F1 Team | 18 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 61 | 5th |
2009 | Formula One | ING Renault F1 Team | 17 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 26 | 9th |
2010 | Formula One | Scuderia Ferrari Marlboro | 19 | 5 | 2 | 5 | 10 | 252 | 2nd |
2011 | Formula One | Scuderia Ferrari | 19 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 10 | 257 | 4th |
2012 | Formula One | Scuderia Ferrari | 20 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 13 | 278 | 2nd |
2013 | Formula One | Scuderia Ferrari | 19 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 9 | 242 | 2nd |
2014 | Formula One | Scuderia Ferrari | 19 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 161 | 6th |
2015 | Formula One | McLaren Honda | 18 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 17th |
2016 | Formula One | McLaren Honda | 20 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 54 | 10th |
2017 | Formula One | McLaren Honda | 19 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 17 | 15th |
IndyCar Series | McLaren-Honda-Andretti | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | 29th | |
2018 | Formula One | McLaren F1 Team | 21 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 11th |
24 Hours of Le Mans | Toyota Gazoo Racing | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | N/A | 1st | |
WeatherTech SportsCar Championship | United Autosports | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 18 | 58th | |
2018–19 | FIA World Endurance Championship | Toyota Gazoo Racing | 8 | 5 | 4 | 0 | 7 | 198 | 1st |
2019 | WeatherTech SportsCar Championship | Konica Minolta Cadillac | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 35 | 27th |
24 Hours of Le Mans | Toyota Gazoo Racing | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | N/A | 1st | |
IndyCar Series | McLaren Racing | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NC | |
2020 | Dakar Rally | Toyota Gazoo Racing | 1 | 0 | N/A | 0 | N/A | 13th | |
IndyCar Series | Arrow McLaren SP | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 18 | 31st | |
2021 | Formula One | Alpine F1 Team | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 13th* |
* Season still in progress.
Complete Euro Open by Nissan results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)
Year | Entrant | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | DC | Points |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1999 | Campos Motorsport | ALB1 Ret | ALB2 1 | JER1 Ret | JER2 DNS | JAR1 Ret | JAR2 1 | MNZ1 Ret | MNZ2 Ret | JAR1 2 | JAR2 Ret | DON1 1 | DON2 1 | CAT1 7 | CAT2 1 | VAL1 2 | VAL2 1 | 1st | 164 |
Source:[172] |
Complete International Formula 3000 results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)
Year | Entrant | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | DC | Points | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2000 | Team Astromega | IMO 9 | SIL EX | CAT 15 | NÜR Ret | MON 8 | MAG Ret | A1R 6 | HOC Ret | HUN 2 | SPA 1 | 4th | 17 | |
Source:[173] |
Complete Formula One results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap; small number indicates the finishing position)
Year | Entrant | Chassis | Engine | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | WDC | Points |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2001 | European Minardi F1 Team | Minardi PS01 | European (Cosworth) 3.0 V10 | AUS 12 | MAL 13 | BRA Ret | SMR Ret | ESP 13 | AUT Ret | MON Ret | CAN Ret | EUR 14 | FRA 17† | GBR 16 | GER 10 | HUN Ret | BEL DNS | ITA 13 | USA Ret | JPN 11 | 23rd | 0 | ||||||
2003 | Mild Seven Renault F1 Team | Renault R23 | Renault RS23 3.0 V10 | AUS 7 | MAL 3 | BRA 3 | SMR 6 | ESP 2 | AUT Ret | MON 5 | CAN 4 | EUR 4 | FRA Ret | 6th | 55 | |||||||||||||
Renault R23B | GBR Ret | GER 4 | HUN 1 | ITA 8 | USA Ret | JPN Ret | ||||||||||||||||||||||
2004 | Mild Seven Renault F1 Team | Renault R24 | Renault RS24 3.0 V10 | AUS 3 | MAL 7 | BHR 6 | SMR 4 | ESP 4 | MON Ret | EUR 5 | CAN Ret | USA Ret | FRA 2 | GBR 10 | GER 3 | HUN 3 | BEL Ret | ITA Ret | CHN 4 | JPN 5 | BRA 4 | 4th | 59 | |||||
2005 | Mild Seven Renault F1 Team | Renault R25 | Renault RS25 3.0 V10 | AUS 3 | MAL 1 | BHR 1 | SMR 1 | ESP 2 | MON 4 | EUR 1 | CAN Ret | USA DNS | FRA 1 | GBR 2 | GER 1 | HUN 11 | TUR 2 | ITA 2 | BEL 2 | BRA 3 | JPN 3 | CHN 1 | 1st | 133 | ||||
2006 | Mild Seven Renault F1 Team | Renault R26 | Renault RS26 2.4 V8 | BHR 1 | MAL 2 | AUS 1 | SMR 2 | EUR 2 | ESP 1 | MON 1 | GBR 1 | CAN 1 | USA 5 | FRA 2 | GER 5 | HUN Ret | TUR 2 | ITA Ret | CHN 2 | JPN 1 | BRA 2 | 1st | 134 | |||||
2007 | Vodafone McLaren Mercedes | McLaren MP4-22 | Mercedes FO 108T 2.4 V8 | AUS 2 | MAL 1 | BHR 5 | ESP 3 | MON 1 | CAN 7 | USA 2 | FRA 7 | GBR 2 | EUR 1 | HUN 4 | TUR 3 | ITA 1 | BEL 3 | JPN Ret | CHN 2 | BRA 3 | 3rd | 109 | ||||||
2008 | ING Renault F1 Team | Renault R28 | Renault RS27 2.4 V8 | AUS 4 | MAL 8 | BHR 10 | ESP Ret | TUR 6 | MON 10 | CAN Ret | FRA 8 | GBR 6 | GER 11 | HUN 4 | EUR Ret | BEL 4 | ITA 4 | SIN 1 | JPN 1 | CHN 4 | BRA 2 | 5th | 61 | |||||
2009 | ING Renault F1 Team | Renault R29 | Renault RS27 2.4 V8 | AUS 5 | MAL 11 | CHN 9 | BHR 8 | ESP 5 | MON 7 | TUR 10 | GBR 14 | GER 7 | HUN Ret | EUR 6 | BEL Ret | ITA 5 | 9th | 26 | ||||||||||
Renault F1 Team | SIN 3 | JPN 10 | BRA Ret | ABU 14 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
2010 | Scuderia Ferrari Marlboro | Ferrari F10 | Ferrari 056 2.4 V8 | BHR 1 | AUS 4 | MAL 13† | CHN 4 | ESP 2 | MON 6 | TUR 8 | CAN 3 | EUR 8 | GBR 14 | GER 1 | HUN 2 | BEL Ret | ITA 1 | SIN 1 | JPN 3 | KOR 1 | BRA 3 | ABU 7 | 2nd | 252 | ||||
2011 | Scuderia Ferrari Marlboro | Ferrari 150º Italia | Ferrari 056 2.4 V8 | AUS 4 | MAL 6 | CHN 7 | TUR 3 | ESP 5 | MON 2 | CAN Ret | EUR 2 | 4th | 257 | |||||||||||||||
Scuderia Ferrari | GBR 1 | GER 2 | HUN 3 | BEL 4 | ITA 3 | SIN 4 | JPN 2 | KOR 5 | IND 3 | ABU 2 | BRA 4 | |||||||||||||||||
2012 | Scuderia Ferrari | Ferrari F2012 | Ferrari 056 2.4 V8 | AUS 5 | MAL 1 | CHN 9 | BHR 7 | ESP 2 | MON 3 | CAN 5 | EUR 1 | GBR 2 | GER 1 | HUN 5 | BEL Ret | ITA 3 | SIN 3 | JPN Ret | KOR 3 | IND 2 | ABU 2 | USA 3 | BRA 2 | 2nd | 278 | |||
2013 | Scuderia Ferrari | Ferrari F138 | Ferrari 056 2.4 V8 | AUS 2 | MAL Ret | CHN 1 | BHR 8 | ESP 1 | MON 7 | CAN 2 | GBR 3 | GER 4 | HUN 5 | BEL 2 | ITA 2 | SIN 2 | KOR 6 | JPN 4 | IND 11 | ABU 5 | USA 5 | BRA 3 | 2nd | 242 | ||||
2014 | Scuderia Ferrari | Ferrari F14 T | Ferrari 059/3 1.6 V6 t | AUS 4 | MAL 4 | BHR 9 | CHN 3 | ESP 6 | MON 4 | CAN 6 | AUT 5 | GBR 6 | GER 5 | HUN 2 | BEL 7 | ITA Ret | SIN 4 | JPN Ret | RUS 6 | USA 6 | BRA 6 | ABU 9 | 6th | 161 | ||||
2015 | McLaren Honda | McLaren MP4-30 | Honda RA615H 1.6 V6 t | AUS | MAL Ret | CHN 12 | BHR 11 | ESP Ret | MON Ret | CAN Ret | AUT Ret | GBR 10 | HUN 5 | BEL 13 | ITA 18† | SIN Ret | JPN 11 | RUS 11 | USA 11 | MEX Ret | BRA 15 | ABU 17 | 17th | 11 | ||||
2016 | McLaren Honda | McLaren MP4-31 | Honda RA616H 1.6 V6 t | AUS Ret | BHR | CHN 12 | RUS 6 | ESP Ret | MON 5 | CAN 11 | EUR Ret | AUT 18† | GBR 13 | HUN 7 | GER 12 | BEL 7 | ITA 14 | SIN 7 | MAL 7 | JPN 16 | USA 5 | MEX 13 | BRA 10 | ABU 10 | 10th | 54 | ||
2017 | McLaren Honda | McLaren MCL32 | Honda RA617H 1.6 V6 t | AUS Ret | CHN Ret | BHR 14† | RUS DNS | ESP 12 | MON | CAN 16† | AZE 9 | AUT Ret | GBR Ret | HUN 6 | BEL Ret | ITA 17† | SIN Ret | MAL 11 | JPN 11 | USA Ret | MEX 10 | BRA 8 | ABU 9 | 15th | 17 | |||
2018 | McLaren F1 Team | McLaren MCL33 | Renault R.E.18 1.6 V6 t | AUS 5 | BHR 7 | CHN 7 | AZE 7 | ESP 8 | MON Ret | CAN Ret | FRA 16† | AUT 8 | GBR 8 | GER 16† | HUN 8 | BEL Ret | ITA Ret | SIN 7 | RUS 14 | JPN 14 | USA Ret | MEX Ret | BRA 17 | ABU 11 | 11th | 50 | ||
2021 | Alpine F1 Team | Alpine A521 | Renault E-Tech 20B 1.6 V6 t | BHR Ret | EMI 10 | POR 8 | ESP 17 | MON 13 | AZE | FRA | STY | AUT | GBR | HUN | BEL | NED | ITA | RUS | SIN | JPN | USA | MXC | SAP | AUS | SAU | ABU | 13th* | 5* |
Source:[174] |
† Did not finish, but was classified as he had completed more than 90% of the race distance.
* Season still in progress.
American open-wheel racing results
IndyCar Series
Year | Team | Chassis | Engine | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | Rank | Points |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2017 | McLaren-Honda-Andretti | Dallara DW12 | Honda | STP | LBH | ALA | PHX | IMS | INDY 24 | DET | DET | TXS | RDA | IOW | TOR | MDO | POC | GTW | WGL | SNM | 29th | 47 |
2019 | McLaren Racing | Dallara DW12 | Chevrolet | STP | COA | ALA | LBH | IMS | INDY DNQ | DET | DET | TXS | RDA | TOR | IOW | MDO | POC | GTW | POR | LAG | – | 0 |
2020 | Arrow McLaren SP | Dallara DW12 | Chevrolet | TXS | IMS | ROA | ROA | IOW | IOW | INDY 21 | GTW | GTW | MDO | MDO | IMS | IMS | STP | 31st | 18 | |||
Source:[175] |
* Season still in progress.
Indianapolis 500
Year | Chassis | Engine | Start | Finish | Team |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2017 | Dallara | Honda | 5 | 24 | McLaren-Honda-Andretti |
2019 | Dallara | Chevrolet | DNQ | McLaren Racing | |
2020 | Dallara | Chevrolet | 26 | 21 | Arrow McLaren SP |
Source:[175] |
IMSA WeatherTech SportsCar Championship
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)
Year | Team | Class | Make | Engine | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | Rank | Points |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2018 | United Autosports | P | Ligier JS P217 | Gibson GK428 4.2 L V8 | DAY 13 | SEB | LBH | MDO | DET | WGL | MOS | ELK | LGA | PET | 58th | 18 |
2019 | Konica Minolta Cadillac | DPi | Cadillac DPi-V.R | Cadillac 5.5 L V8 | DAY 1 | SEB | LBH | MDO | DET | WGL | MOS | ELK | LGA | PET | 27th | 35 |
Source:[176][177] |
24 Hours of Daytona
Year | Team | Co-drivers | Car | Class | Laps | Pos. | Class Pos. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2018 | United Autosports | Philip Hanson Lando Norris | Ligier JS P217-Gibson | P | 718 | 38th | 13th |
2019 | Konica Minolta Cadillac | Kamui Kobayashi Jordan Taylor Renger van der Zande | Cadillac DPi-V.R | DPi | 593 | 1st | 1st |
Source:[177] |
Complete FIA World Endurance Championship results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)
Year | Entrant | Class | Chassis | Engine | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Rank | Points |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2018–19 | Toyota Gazoo Racing | LMP1 | Toyota TS050 Hybrid | Toyota 2.4 L Turbo V6 (Hybrid) | SPA 1 | LMS 1 | SIL DSQ | FUJ 2 | SHA 2 | SEB 1 | SPA 1 | LMS 1 | 1st | 198 |
Source:[177][178] |
24 Hours of Le Mans results
Year | Team | Co-Drivers | Car | Class | Laps | Pos. | Class Pos. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2018 | Toyota Gazoo Racing | Sébastien Buemi Kazuki Nakajima | Toyota TS050 Hybrid | LMP1 | 388 | 1st | 1st |
2019 | Toyota Gazoo Racing | Sébastien Buemi Kazuki Nakajima | Toyota TS050 Hybrid | LMP1 | 385 | 1st | 1st |
Source:[177] |
Dakar Rally results
Year | Class | Vehicle | Position | Stages won |
---|---|---|---|---|
2020 | Car | Toyota | 13th | 0 |
notas y referencias
Notes
- ^ Gião filed an appeal under the belief Alonso had passed him under yellow flag conditions. The appeal was rejected because Gião had filed it through his manager and not his team; officials subsequently confirmed Alonso's championship win.[25]
- ^ a b Sebastian Vettel is the current holder of the youngest Formula One pole position starter and youngest one and two-time world champion.[34]
- ^ McLaren offered to purchase the Arrow Schmidt Peterson car of Oriol Servià to allow Alonso to enter the race and meet sponsorship obligations since the two teams were in a partnership. Alonso was against replacing a driver who had qualified and McLaren opted against doing so.[107]
- ^ The leaked Paradise Papers stated Alonso's manager Luis García Abad founded and constituted the Revolution Holdings Limited for the team on the Mediterranean island of Malta. Documents released to the Spanish media revealed the Directorate-General for the Treasury knew about its existence and accounts.[148]
References
- ^ "Fernando Alonso to make sensational return to F1 with Renault in 2021". formula1.com. Formula One Administration. 8 July 2020. Archived from the original on 2 October 2020. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Donaldson, Gerald. "Fernando Alonso – 2005, 2006". Formula One. Archived from the original on 3 May 2019. Retrieved 25 November 2019.
- ^ a b c d Jenkins, Chris (15 June 2005). "Alonso charges to top of F1". USA Today. p. 01C. Retrieved 10 December 2019 – via Gale in Context: Biography.
- ^ a b c Urruty, Martín (26 September 2005). "De plebeyo a rey; Cómo llegó Alonso a ser el campeón más joven de la historia" [From commoner to king; How Alonso became the youngest champion ever] (in Spanish). ESPN Deportes. Archived from the original on 14 July 2007. Retrieved 26 November 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Fernando Alonso logra su sueño a los 24 años" [Fernando Alonso achieves his dream at 24]. Las Provincias (in Spanish). 25 September 2005. Retrieved 26 November 2019.
- ^ a b c "Un chico reservado y buen estudiante" [A reserved boy and a good student]. Diario AS (in Spanish). 28 March 2003. Retrieved 26 November 2019.
- ^ a b c d e Ramos, Alberto (13 March 2007). "Curiosidades sobre Fernando Alonso, un piloto especial" [Curiosities about Fernando Alonso, a special pilot]. 20 minutos (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 25 April 2016. Retrieved 26 November 2019.
- ^ a b Álvarez, Raúl (24 November 2018). "Fernando Alonso, los años de Oviedo" [Fernando Alonso, the years of Oviedo]. La Voz de Asturias (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 25 November 2018. Retrieved 26 November 2019.
- ^ Lara, Ángela (28 September 2005). "Un chico de barrio" [A neighborhood boy]. Mundo Deportivo (in Spanish). p. 38. Retrieved 29 December 2019.
- ^ "Fernando Alonso y Raquel del Rosario se separan". La Verdad (in Spanish). EFE. 21 December 2011. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 22 November 2017.
- ^ "La vida de Fernando Alonso fuera del "pit lane"" [The life of Fernando Alonso outside the "pit lane"]. ABC (in Spanish). 16 August 2018. Retrieved 30 December 2019.
- ^ "Face to face with Fernando". Scuderia Ferrari. 6 May 2012. Archived from the original on 6 July 2013. Retrieved 24 July 2013.
- ^ Canseco, Marco; Sanz, Miguel (23 March 2012). "'Samurái' Alonso" [Samurai Alonso]. Marca (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 7 September 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa "Fernando Alonso". Motor Sport. Archived from the original on 19 November 2019. Retrieved 25 November 2019.
- ^ "Fernando Alonso: 'Menos mal que el Celta no me fichó'" [Fernando Alonso: 'Luckily, Celta didn't sign me up']. Atlántico Diario (in Spanish). 15 February 2011. Archived from the original on 1 July 2016. Retrieved 27 November 2019.
- ^ Benson, Andrew (21 October 2016). "Fernando Alonso: McLaren-Honda driver still Formula 1's gold standard". BBC Sport. Archived from the original on 15 September 2018. Retrieved 26 November 2019.
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- ^ Rubio, Javier (5 December 2017). "Alonso, en el 'Hall of Fame' de la FIA: "¡Tengo dos años para que me inviten otra vez!"" [Alonso, In the Hall of Fame of the FIA: "I have two years to be invited again!"]. El Confidencial. Archived from the original on 24 December 2017. Retrieved 28 December 2019.
- ^ a b Sánchez de Castro, David (4 December 2019). "Fernando Alonso, doble leyenda de la FIA ante un 2020 histórico" [Fernando Alonso, double legend of the FIA before a historic 2020]. 20minutos (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 5 December 2019. Retrieved 28 December 2019.
- ^ "Classification Drivers". Euro Series by Nissan. Archived from the original on 24 January 2001. Retrieved 28 December 2019.
- ^ "Fernando Alonso: 2000 F3000 International Championship Stats". Motorsport Stats. Retrieved 28 December 2019.
- ^ "Fernando Alonso". Motorsport Stats. Archived from the original on 8 December 2019. Retrieved 8 December 2019.
"Fernando Alonso: Involvement". Stats F1. Archived from the original on 8 December 2019. Retrieved 8 December 2019. - ^ a b "Fernando Alonso". Champ Car Stats. Archived from the original on 21 December 2019. Retrieved 28 December 2019.
- ^ "Fernando Alonso: IMSA SportsCar Championship Career History". Motorsport Stats. Archived from the original on 8 December 2019. Retrieved 28 December 2019.
- ^ a b c d "Complete Archive of Fernando Alonso". Racing Sports Cars. Retrieved 28 December 2019.
- ^ "Fernando Alonso: World Endurance Championship Career History". Motorsport Stats. Archived from the original on 8 December 2019. Retrieved 28 December 2019.
Otras lecturas
- Actis, Raquel (2003). Fernando Alonso: El Principe de la Formula 1 (in Spanish). Nuevas Ediciones del Motor. ISBN 978-84-607-9784-5.
- Seara, Victor (2004). Fernando Alonso: Una Estrella en El Mundo de la Formula 1 (in Spanish). La Esfera de los Libros. ISBN 978-84-9734-182-0.
- Actis, Raquel; Luis Criado (2005). Fernando Alonso: La Lucha por la Superacion (in Spanish). Cultural. ISBN 978-84-609-7818-3.
- Viaplana, Josep (2005). El nuevo rey-Campeón Fernando Alonso (in Spanish). Ediciones B. ISBN 978-84-666-1798-7.
- Brian, Rodrigo Castillo; del Arco de Izco, Javier; Lobato, Antonio (2005). Los 100 Mejores Pilotos de Fórmula 1: De Nino Farina a Fernando Alonso, 1950–2005 (in Spanish). Cahoba Promociones y Ediciones. ISBN 978-84-9832-056-5.
- Camus, Martine (2006). Fernando Alonso: Le Sacre de la Jeunesse (in French). Chronosports. ISBN 978-2-84707-108-5.
enlaces externos
- Official website
- Profile – from Formula 1 official website
- Profile – from McLaren official website
- Career statistics
- Fernando Alonso statistics
- Fernando Alonso at IMDb