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Para el suplemento nutricional, ver polvo . Para el polvo elaborado moliendo grano, consulte harina .
Las comidas han sido preparadas tradicionalmente por mujeres en la cocina de una casa (Pintura del círculo de Jean-Baptiste de Saive, 1563)
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Una comida es una ocasión para comer que tiene lugar en un momento determinado e incluye comida preparada . [1] [2] Los nombres utilizados para comidas específicas en inglés varían, según la cultura del hablante, la hora del día o el tamaño de la comida.

Las comidas ocurren principalmente en hogares , restaurantes y cafeterías , pero pueden ocurrir en cualquier lugar. Las comidas regulares se realizan a diario, generalmente varias veces al día. Las comidas especiales generalmente se llevan a cabo junto con ocasiones como cumpleaños , bodas , aniversarios y días festivos . Una comida es diferente de un refrigerio en que las comidas son generalmente más grandes, más variadas y más abundantes que los refrigerios. [3]

El tipo de comida servida o consumida en un momento dado varía según la costumbre y el lugar. En la mayoría de las culturas modernas, se realizan tres comidas principales: por la mañana, por la tarde y por la noche. Además, los nombres de las comidas a menudo también son intercambiables por costumbre. Algunos sirven la cena como comida principal al mediodía, con la cena como comida al final de la tarde o al comienzo de la noche; mientras que otros pueden llamar a su comida del mediodía almuerzo y su cena temprana como cena o cena. A excepción de "desayuno", estos nombres pueden variar de una región a otra o incluso de una familia a otra.

Desayuno [ editar ]

Artículo principal: Desayuno

El desayuno es la primera comida del día, por lo general se come temprano en la mañana antes de emprender el trabajo del día. Algunos creen que es la comida más importante del día. [4] La palabra desayuno se refiere literalmente a romper el período de ayuno de la noche anterior. [5]

Los alimentos para el desayuno varían mucho de un lugar a otro, pero a menudo incluyen carbohidratos como granos o cereales, frutas, verduras, alimentos con proteínas como huevos , carne o pescado, y bebidas como té , café , leche o jugo de frutas ; los jugos a menudo se toman primero. de todo. Café, leche, té, jugo, cereales para el desayuno , panqueques , waffles , salchichas , tostadas francesas , tocino , panes endulzados , frutas frescas, verduras, huevos , frijoles horneados, magdalenas , bollos y tostadas con mantequilla , margarina , mermelada o mermelada son ejemplos comunes de alimentos occidentales para el desayuno, aunque una gran variedad de preparaciones e ingredientes se asocian con el desayuno en todo el mundo. [6]

Variaciones del desayuno [ editar ]

Desayuno completo [ editar ]

Artículo principal: desayuno completo

Un desayuno completo es una comida de desayuno , que generalmente incluye tocino , salchichas , huevos y una variedad de otros alimentos cocinados, con bebidas calientes como café o té. Es especialmente popular en el Reino Unido e Irlanda, en la medida en que muchos cafés y pubs ofrecen la comida a cualquier hora del día como un "desayuno durante todo el día". También es popular en otros países de habla inglesa.

En Inglaterra se suele denominar "desayuno inglés completo" (a menudo abreviado como "inglés completo") o "fry-up". [7] Otros nombres regionales y variantes incluyen el 'escocés completo', 'galés completo', 'irlandés completo' y 'alevines del Ulster'. [8] [9] [10]

El desayuno completo se encuentra entre los platos británicos más reconocidos internacionalmente , junto con platos básicos como bangers & mash , shepherd's pie , fish and chips y la cena de Navidad . [11] El desayuno completo se hizo popular en las Islas Británicas durante la época victoriana, y apareció como uno entre muchos desayunos sugeridas en la economía doméstica Isabella Beeton 's El Libro de la organización de los hogares (1861). Un desayuno completo a menudo se contrasta (por ejemplo, en los menús del hotel) con la alternativa más ligera de un desayuno continental , que tradicionalmente consiste en té, leche o café y jugos de frutas.con pan, croissants o bollería .

Desayuno instantáneo [ editar ]

Artículo principal: desayuno instantáneo

" Desayuno instantáneo " se refiere típicamente a productos alimenticios para el desayuno que se fabrican en forma de polvo , que generalmente se preparan con la adición de leche y luego se consumen como bebida . [12] [13] Algunos desayunos instantáneos se producen y comercializan en forma líquida, premezclados. El mercado objetivo de los productos de desayuno instantáneo incluye a los consumidores que tienden a estar ocupados, como los adultos que trabajan. [13]

Desayuno con champán [ editar ]

Artículo principal: desayuno con champán

Un desayuno con champán es un desayuno que se sirve con champán o vino espumoso . Es un concepto nuevo en algunos países [14] y no es típico de la función de un desayuno.

It may be part of any day or outing considered particularly luxurious or indulgent. The accompanying breakfast is sometimes of a similarly high standard [15] and include rich foods such as salmon, caviar,[16] chocolate or pastries, which would not ordinarily be eaten at breakfast[17] or more courses.[18] Instead of as a formal meal the breakfast can be given to the recipient in a basket or hamper.

Variations of breakfasts across countries and cuisines

Main article: Breakfast

Refer to this Wikipedia Breakfast page for a list of countries in alphabetical order and their variations of breakfast.

Lunch[edit]

Main article: Lunch

Lunch, the abbreviation for luncheon, is a light meal typically eaten at midday.[19] The origin of the words lunch and luncheon relate to a small snack originally eaten at any time of the day or night. During the 20th century the meaning gradually narrowed to a small or mid-sized meal eaten at midday. Lunch is commonly the second meal of the day after breakfast. The meal varies in size depending on the culture, and significant variations exist in different areas of the world. In some parts of the UK it can be called dinner or lunch, with the last meal called tea.

Variations of lunch[edit]

Main article: Packed lunch

A packed lunch (also called pack lunch, sack lunch or bag lunch in North America, or packed lunch in the United Kingdom, as well as the regional variations: bagging in Lancashire, Merseyside and Yorkshire,[20]) is a lunch prepared at home and carried to be eaten somewhere else, such as school, a workplace, or at an outing. The food is usually wrapped in plastic, aluminum foil, or paper and can be carried ("packed") in a lunch box, paper bag (a "sack"), or plastic bag. While packed lunches are usually taken from home by the people who are going to eat them, in Mumbai, India, tiffin boxes are most often picked up from the home and brought to workplaces later in the day by so-called dabbawallas. It is also possible to buy packed lunches from stores in several countries. Lunch boxes made out of metal, plastic or vinyl are now popular with today's youth. Lunch boxes provide a way to take heavier lunches in a sturdier box or bag. It is also environmentally friendly.

Meal deal[edit]

Another variation of lunch is the meal deal,[21] this is a meal often bought from a store and contains the following: a sandwich or pastry, a bag of crisps, salad or fruit and a bottled drink. Meal deals are a staple of many Western high-street supermarkets and convenience stores; they are generally offered at a deal price and are highly convenient for the busy working person. Some stores are now adding premium meal deal items and salads to their meal deal inventory. Critics, however, criticise the meal deal for increasing the levels of single-use plastic waste in circulation and persuading people to buy more food than they originally intended or wanted - contributing to the growing obesity crisis.[22]

Dinner[edit]

Main article: Dinner

Dinner usually refers to a significant and important meal of the day, which can be the noon or the evening meal. However, the term dinner can have many different meanings depending on the culture; it may mean a meal of any size eaten at any time of the day.[23][24] Historically, it referred to the first large meal of the day, eaten around noon, and is still sometimes used for a noon-time meal, particularly if it is a large or main meal. For example, Sunday dinner is the name used for a large meal served after the family returned home from the morning's church services, and often based on meat that roasted while the family was out.

The evening meal can be called tea when dinner, which is generally the largest of the day, is eaten in the middle of the day.

Variations of dinner[edit]

Full course dinner[edit]

Main article: Full course dinner

A full-course dinner is a dinner consisting of multiple dishes, or courses. In its simplest, English-based form, it can consist of three to five courses, such as appetizers, fish course, entrée, main course and dessert. The traditional courses and their order vary by culture. In the Italian meal structure, there are traditionally four formal courses: antipasto (appetizers), primo (the "first" course, e.g., a pasta dish), secondo (the "second" course, e.g., fish or meat), usually accompanied by a contorno (a side dish), and dolce ("sweets", or dessert).[25]

Many traditions conclude a formal meal with coffee, often accompanied with spirits, either separate or mixed in the coffee.

Meals at other times of the day[edit]

Main article: Outline of meals § Types of meals, in the order served throughout the day

Meal preparation[edit]

Main article: Meal preparation

Meal preparation, sometimes called "meal prep," is the process of planning and preparing meals. It generally involves food preparation, including cooking.

Food preparation[edit]

Main article: Food preparation

Preparing food for eating generally requires selection, measurement and combination of ingredients in an ordered procedure so as to achieve desired results. Food preparation includes but is not limited to cooking.

Cooking[edit]

Main article: Cooking

Cooking or cookery is the art, technology and craft of preparing food for consumption with the use of heat. Cooking techniques and ingredients vary widely across the world, from grilling food over an open fire to using electric stoves, to baking in various types of ovens, reflecting unique environmental, economic, and cultural traditions and trends. The ways or types of cooking also depend on the skill and type of training an individual cook has. Cooking is done both by people in their own dwellings and by professional cooks and chefs in restaurants and other food establishments. Cooking can also occur through chemical reactions without the presence of heat, most notably with ceviche, a traditional South American dish where fish is cooked with the acids in lemon or lime juice.

Eating the meal[edit]

Throughout history, meals were normally communal affairs. People got together, shared the food, and perhaps talked over the day.

In the 21st century, an increasing number of adults in developed countries eat most or all of their meals alone.[26] It is unclear whether people eating alone eat more, less, or the same amount of food compared to people eating in groups, partly because of differences in whether they are eating alone at home or eating alone in restaurants.[26]

Restaurants have responded to the increasing number of people eating alone by accepting reservations for solo diners and installing bar seating and large tables that solo diners can share with others.[26]

See also[edit]

  • Outline of meals
  • Food
  • Human digestive system
  • Substantial meal (UK and Ireland)

References[edit]

  1. ^ meal noun (FOOD) - definition in the British English Dictionary & Thesaurus - Cambridge Dictionaries Online
  2. ^ meal - Definition from Longman English Dictionary Online
  3. ^ Wansink, B.; Payne, C. R.; Shimizu, M. (2010). ""Is this a meal or snack?" Situational cues that drive perceptions". Appetite. 54 (1): 214–216. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2009.09.016. PMID 19808071.
  4. ^ "breakfast – definition of breakfast by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia". Thefreedictionary.com. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
  5. ^ Anderson, Heather Arndt (2013). Breakfast: A History. AltaMira Press. ISBN 0759121656
  6. ^ "History of breakfast". Archived from the original on 23 January 2011. Retrieved 21 April 2011.
  7. ^ "The full English". Jamieoliver.com. Retrieved 26 February 2014.
  8. ^ "Traditional Scottish Food". Visit Scotland. Retrieved 26 February 2014.
  9. ^ Rowland, Paul (25 October 2005). "So what is a 'full Welsh breakfast'?". Wales Online. Archived from the original on 2 May 2014. Retrieved 26 February 2014.
  10. ^ Bell, James (29 January 2014). "How to... Cook the perfect Ulster Fry". Belfast Telegraph. Retrieved 26 February 2014.
  11. ^ Spencer, Colin (2003). British Food: An Extraordinary Thousand Years of History. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-13110-0.
  12. ^ Brand Positioning: Strategies for Competitive Advantage - Subroto Sengupta. pp. 5-6.
  13. ^ a b Consumer Behavior in Action: Real-Life Applications for Marketing Managers - Geoffrey P. Lantos. p. 45.
  14. ^ "The Telegraph - Calcutta : Metro". Calcutta, India: Telegraphindia.com. 2005-01-03. Retrieved 2011-03-04.
  15. ^ "icseftonandwestlancs - Grand National thrills for Crosby couple". Icseftonandwestlancs.icnetwork.co.uk. 2009-08-11. Retrieved 2011-03-04.[permanent dead link]
  16. ^ Press Association (2003-10-24). "Concorde makes final landing | Business". London: guardian.co.uk. Retrieved 2011-03-04.
  17. ^ Moscow News - Travel - Swissц╢tel Krasnye Holmy Archived 20 April 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  18. ^ "Magazine / Travel : Weekend getaway". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 2007-08-19. Archived from the original on 2008-10-16. Retrieved 2011-03-04.
  19. ^ Alan Davidson (August 21, 2014). The Oxford Companion to Food. OUP Oxford. p. 478. ISBN 978-0-19-104072-6.
  20. ^ "BBC: Lancashire > Voices > Wordly Wise?". BBC. 31 May 2005. Retrieved 1 April 2014.
  21. ^ "What your meal deal lunch choice says about you". JOE.co.uk. Retrieved 2020-06-12.
  22. ^ "Obesity and overweight". www.who.int. Retrieved 2020-06-12.
  23. ^ Olver, Lynne. "Meal times". The Food Timeline. Retrieved 2 April 2014.
  24. ^ McMillan 2001.
  25. ^ Fodor's (2012). Fodor's Italy 2013. Fodor's Travel Publications. p. 15. ISBN 9780307929365.
  26. ^ a b c Fleming, Amy (2019-05-06). "Table for one: how eating alone is radically changing our diets". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2019-05-06.

Further reading[edit]

  • Flandrin, Jean Louis (2007). Arranging the Meal: A History of Table Service in France. University of California Press. ISBN 0520238850
  • Latham, Jean (1972) The pleasure of your company: a history of manners & meals, London: A. and C. Black. ISBN 0713612649
  • Pollan, Michael (2006). The Omnivore's Dilemma: A Natural History of Four Meals. Penguin. ISBN 1594200823
  • This, Hervé (2009). Building a Meal: From Molecular Gastronomy to Culinary Constructivism. Columbia University Press. ISBN 0231144660

External links[edit]

  • “What Time is Dinner?” – a historian looks at the evolution of mealtimes.
  • “Small meals or big ones?” – a comparison of the number of meals taken per day.